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Chan E, Quinn C, Hirji I, Hillengass J, Anderson K, Oukessou A, Davis C. Alternative metrics for assessing clinical benefit with immunotherapy in oncology. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1343774. [PMID: 31646068 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1343774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies for cancer have traditionally been assessed with metrics such as the response rate, hazard ratio, or median survival. Such metrics have value in measuring the outcomes of conventional therapies, but may not be the most appropriate for new therapies. Immuno-oncology therapies offer a new approach to treating cancer by stimulating patients' immune systems to fight cancer. The value of these novel therapies has so far been assessed with traditional metrics, but the different ways in which immuno-oncology therapies work can mean the full value is not captured. Immuno-oncology therapies can produce longer survival times but this effect can be delayed or even preceded by an apparent phase of progression, which median survival or response rates may not reflect. This paper discusses a range of traditional and alternative metrics and their benefits or disadvantages in measuring the effects of immuno-oncology therapies, using examples of several novel drugs as case studies.
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Anderson K, Rucker A, Mulvihill M, Yerokun B, Hartwig M. Impact of Ischemic Time on Primary Graft Dysfunction: A National Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Anderson K, Wilkinson R, Grant M. Assessment of Liver Function in Primary Cultures of Hepatocytes Using Diethoxy (5,6) Chloromethylfluorescein and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889802100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A method is presented which can be used to assess the function of hepatocytes in complex culture configurations without disrupting the integrity of the cell environment. It utilises a fluorescent probe for cytochrome P450 dependent mixed function oxidase (MFO) activity, diethoxy (5,6) chloromethylfluorescein, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The MFO activity of individual cells in primary cultures of intact hepatocytes can be detected in situ, and quantified by image analysis. This may be a valuable means of monitoring the effect of culture conditions on the function of bioartificial liver devices, and could be used to assess the need for effective oxygenation of cells, the influence of shear stress and of exposure to patient serum during clinical use.
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Grant M, Rodgers E, Anderson K, Haydon G, Hayes P. The Effect of Serum from Liver Cancer Patients on the Growth and Function of Primary and Immortalised Hepatocytes. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880102401108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A limiting factor in the efficacy of bioartificial liver (BAL) for the treatment of liver failure is the toxicity of the patients’ serum to the hepatocytes in the device. This study investigates the interaction of liver cancer patient serum with primary and immortalised rat hepatocytes. Liver cancer serum increased the growth rate of immortalised hepatocytes, without affecting reduced glutathione levels. The activities of DT-diaphorase and pi glutathione-S-transferase (GST), enzymes associated with de-differentiation, were also increased. Exposure of primary hepatocytes to liver cancer serum resulted in a decrease in cytochrome P450 (CYP) content, and in P450 dependent metabolism of testosterone. Formation of 2-alpha- and 6-beta- hydroxy testosterone was decreased. These reactions are predominantly associated with CYP 2C11 and 3A1 respectively in normal rat liver. The activity of total GST was also decreased, although that of the pi isoenzyme of GST was not affected. Our results suggest that exposure of hepatocytes in a bioreactor to liver cancer patient serum will result in overgrowth of cells, if proliferating cells are being used, and in de-differentiation. The serum may have to be pretreated with adsorbants to remove toxins prior to BAL treatment.
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Bolli N, Biancon G, Moarii M, Gimondi S, Li Y, de Philippis C, Maura F, Sathiaseelan V, Tai YT, Mudie L, O’Meara S, Raine K, Teague JW, Butler AP, Carniti C, Gerstung M, Bagratuni T, Kastritis E, Dimopoulos M, Corradini P, Anderson K, Moreau P, Minvielle S, Campbell PJ, Papaemmanuil E, Avet-Loiseau H, Munshi NC. Analysis of the genomic landscape of multiple myeloma highlights novel prognostic markers and disease subgroups. Leukemia 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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van Hees V, Sabia S, Jones S, Wood A, Anderson K, Trenell M, Kivimäki M, Weedon M, Singh-Manoux A. Assessment of sleep parameters from raw accelerometry data. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hagerman S, Woolard Z, Anderson K, Tatler BW, Moore FR. Women's self-rated attraction to male faces does not correspond with physiological arousal. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13564. [PMID: 29051563 PMCID: PMC5648837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been little work to determine whether attractiveness ratings of faces correspond to sexual or more general attraction. We tested whether a measure of women’s physiological arousal (pupil diameter change) was correlated with ratings of men’s facial attractiveness. In Study 1, women rated the faces of men for whom we also measured salivary testosterone. They rated each face for attractiveness, and for desirability for friendship and long- and short-term romantic relationships. Pupil diameter change was not related to subjective ratings of attractiveness, but was positively correlated with the men’s testosterone. In Study 2 we compared women’s pupil diameter change in response to the faces of men with high versus low testosterone, as well as in response to non-facial images pre-rated as either sexually arousing or threatening. Pupil dilation was not affected by testosterone, and increased relatively more in response to sexually arousing than threatening images. We conclude that self-rated preferences may not provide a straightforward and direct assessment of sexual attraction. We argue that future work should identify the constructs that are tapped via attractiveness ratings of faces, and support the development of methodology which assesses objective sexual attraction.
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McDowall K, Murphy E, Anderson K. The impact of shift work on sleep quality among nurses. Occup Med (Lond) 2017; 67:621-625. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sadun A, Ross-Cisneros F, Tian J, Anderson K, Irvine A, Karanjia R, La Morgia C, McManus M, Wallace D, Carelli V. LHON: A look into nuclear and environmental factors; What is “sufficient”? Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Julien J, Tinawi S, Anderson K, Frenette LC, Audrit H, Ferland MC, Feyz M, De Guise E. Highlighting the differences in post-traumatic symptoms between patients with complicated and uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury and injured controls. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1846-1855. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1346289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Maerz T, Fleischer M, Newton MD, Davidson A, Salisbury M, Altman P, Kurdziel MD, Anderson K, Bedi A, Baker KC. Acute mobilization and migration of bone marrow-derived stem cells following anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1335-1344. [PMID: 28284998 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known regarding acute local and systemic processes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. No study has elucidated whether bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mobilized into circulation and recruited to the injured joint. METHODS In Part 1, Lewis rats were randomized to noninvasive ACL rupture (Rupture) or non-injured (Control) (n = 6/group). After 72 h, whole blood MSC concentration was assessed using flow cytometry. Synovial fluid and serum were assayed for stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α and cartilage degeneration biomarkers, respectively. In Part 2, 12 additional rats were randomized and intravenously-injected with fluorescently-labeled allogenic MSCs. Cell tracking was performed using longitudinal, in vivo and ex vivo near-infrared (NIR) imaging and histology. Synovium SDF-1α and interleukin (IL)-17A immunostaining was performed. Serum was assayed for SDF-1α and 29 other cytokines. RESULTS In Part 1, there was a significant increase in MSC concentration and synovial fluid SDF-1α in Rupture. No differences in cartilage biomarkers were observed. In Part 2, Rupture had significantly higher NIR signal at 24, 48, and 72 h, indicating active recruitment of MSCs to the injured joint. Ex vivo cell tracking demonstrated MSC localization in the synovium and myotendinous junction (MTJ) of the quadriceps. Injured synovia exhibited increased synovitis grade and higher degree of IL-17A and SDF-1α immunostaining. CONCLUSION ACL rupture induced peripheral blood mobilization of MSCs and migration of intravenously-injected allogenic MSCs to the injured joint, where they localized in the synovium and quadriceps MTJ.
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Noh H, Anderson K, Ford C, Guo Y, Allen R, Halli-Tierney A, Burgio K. COMMUNITY-DWELLING BLACK AND WHITE OLDER ADULTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ADVANCE CARE PLANNING. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Orrung Wallin A, Bird M, Anderson K, Edberg A. DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRAIN IN DEMENTIA CARE SCALE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kearns R, Macfarlane A, Kinsella J, Anderson K. Fascia iliaca block for hip replacement - adjuvants and ethics. A reply. Anaesthesia 2017; 72:660-661. [PMID: 28401543 DOI: 10.1111/anae.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Desai A, Chow K, Wan P, O’shea D, Ranaghan C, Anderson K, Kramer D, Goldberg J, Rawlins R, Koczela E, Klimek V. Impact of Early Integration of Palliative Care on Health Care Proxy (HCP) Documentation by Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kearns R, Macfarlane A, Kinsella J, Anderson K. Fascia iliaca block for primary hip arthroplasty - a reply. Anaesthesia 2017; 72:409-410. [PMID: 28176315 DOI: 10.1111/anae.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khetarpal A, Anderson K, West S. P66 Falling asleep while driving: is driving safety advice given to patients with excessive daytime sleepiness? Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yohannes B, Emady H, Anderson K, Paredes I, Javed M, Borghard W, Muzzio FJ, Glasser BJ, Cuitiño AM. Scaling of heat transfer and temperature distribution in granular flows in rotating drums. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:042902. [PMID: 27841576 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.042902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the time required to heat up granular materials to a target temperature is crucial for several processes. However, we do not have quantitative models to predict the average temperature or the temperature distribution of the particles. Here, we computationally investigate the scaling of heat transfer in granular flows in rotating drums. Based on our simulations, which include a wide range of system and material properties, we identify the appropriate characteristic time that is used to derive equations that predict the particles' average temperature and the particles' temperature distribution.
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Kearns R, Macfarlane A, Grant A, Puxty K, Harrison P, Shaw M, Anderson K, Kinsella J. A randomised, controlled, double blind, non-inferiority trial of ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca block vs. spinal morphine for analgesia after primary hip arthroplasty. Anaesthesia 2016; 71:1431-1440. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zeidan B, Anderson K, Peiris L, Rainsbury D, Laws S. The impact of tamoxifen brand switch on side effects and patient compliance in hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients. Breast 2016; 29:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Anderson K, Davis MA, Bean L, Saenz C, Plaxe S, McHale M. Increasing Incidence of Primary Fallopian Tube Cancer in Association with Scientific Evidence for Histological Re-classification. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.08.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Broughton D, Anderson K, Jungheim E, Siegel C. The incidence of renal anomalies in patients with septate uteri. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sedano F, Silva JA, Machoco R, Meque CH, Sitoe A, Ribeiro N, Anderson K, Ombe ZA, Baule SH, Tucker CJ. The impact of charcoal production on forest degradation: a case study in Tete, Mozambique. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2016; 11:094020. [PMID: 32818037 PMCID: PMC7430507 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Charcoal production for urban energy consumption is a main driver of forest degradation in sub Saharan Africa. Urban growth projections for the continent suggest that the relevance of this process will increase in the coming decades. Forest degradation associated to charcoal production is difficult to monitor and commonly overlooked and underrepresented in forest cover change and carbon emission estimates. We use a multitemporal dataset of very high-resolution remote sensing images to map kiln locations in a representative study area of tropical woodlands in central Mozambique. The resulting maps provided a characterization of the spatial extent and temporal dynamics of charcoal production. Using an indirect approach we combine kiln maps and field information on charcoal making to describe the magnitude and intensity of forest degradation linked to charcoal production, including aboveground biomass and carbon emissions. Our findings reveal that forest degradation associated to charcoal production in the study area is largely independent from deforestation driven by agricultural expansion and that its impact on forest cover change is in the same order of magnitude as deforestation. Our work illustrates the feasibility of using estimates of urban charcoal consumption to establish a link between urban energy demands and forest degradation. This kind of approach has potential to reduce uncertainties in forest cover change and carbon emission assessments in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Anderson K, Griffiths D, DeBell L, Hancock S, Duffy JP, Shutler JD, Reinhardt WJ, Griffiths A. A Grassroots Remote Sensing Toolkit Using Live Coding, Smartphones, Kites and Lightweight Drones. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151564. [PMID: 27144310 PMCID: PMC4856374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes the development of an android-based smartphone application for capturing aerial photographs and spatial metadata automatically, for use in grassroots mapping applications. The aim of the project was to exploit the plethora of on-board sensors within modern smartphones (accelerometer, GPS, compass, camera) to generate ready-to-use spatial data from lightweight aerial platforms such as drones or kites. A visual coding ‘scheme blocks’ framework was used to build the application (‘app’), so that users could customise their own data capture tools in the field. The paper reports on the coding framework, then shows the results of test flights from kites and lightweight drones and finally shows how open-source geospatial toolkits were used to generate geographical information system (GIS)-ready GeoTIFF images from the metadata stored by the app. Two Android smartphones were used in testing–a high specification OnePlus One handset and a lower cost Acer Liquid Z3 handset, to test the operational limits of the app on phones with different sensor sets. We demonstrate that best results were obtained when the phone was attached to a stable single line kite or to a gliding drone. Results show that engine or motor vibrations from powered aircraft required dampening to ensure capture of high quality images. We demonstrate how the products generated from the open-source processing workflow are easily used in GIS. The app can be downloaded freely from the Google store by searching for ‘UAV toolkit’ (UAV toolkit 2016), and used wherever an Android smartphone and aerial platform are available to deliver rapid spatial data (e.g. in supporting decision-making in humanitarian disaster-relief zones, in teaching or for grassroots remote sensing and democratic mapping).
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Hunjan M, Anderson K, Tollefson M, Marnach M, Lohse C. 141 Prenatal risk factors associated with increasing incidence of infantile hemangiomas. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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