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Romanuk T, Beisner B, Hayward A, Jackson L, Post J, McCauley E. Processes governing riverine fish species richness are scale-independent. COMMUNITY ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.10.2009.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jackson L, Tudway JA, Giles D, Smith J. An exploration of the social identity of mental health inpatient service users. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2009; 16:167-76. [PMID: 19281548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2008.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social identity theory proposes that a threatened social identity can impact on self-concept and well-being. As a low-status minority group, mental health service users face the possibility of a threatened social identity compounding existing mental health problems. This may be further complicated by an inpatient admission where the context in which social identity is maintained has changed from a community setting. We use a qualitative approach to explore the salient social identity of mental health inpatient service users using semi-structured interviews. Analysis showed that the salient in-groups and out-groups mainly centred around the inpatient context but were somewhat influenced by non-mental health service group membership. Participants also talked of their unique characteristics as group members. How these findings relate to social identity theory and, particularly how they relate to mental health service users within changing contexts is explored.
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Jackson L, Kendall J, Castle N. Does prehospital thrombolysis increase the proportion of patients who have an aborted myocardial infarction? Emerg Med J 2009; 26:206-9. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2008.061564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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McGowin AE, Jackson L, Marshall LW, Tumbull K. 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS OF 3-PHENYLSYDNONE WITH ACETYLENE DICARBOXYLATES IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940109356581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang H, Zhang G, Liu X, Ferraro N, Jackson L, Evers M, Cao Y, Ko T. QS472. Downregulation of PTHRP Signaling Pathway Contributes to Liver Regeneration. J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Robertson P, Kay G, Warnock D, Jackson L, Tallaj J. 94: Arrhythmias and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Fabry Cardiomyopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ryan A, Odedra R, James N, Ratcliffe K, Marshall G, Howard Z, Jackson L, Baker D, Smith N, Brave S. 588 POSTER Bench to bedside – Bedside to bench: Preclinical determination of the potential pharmacological activities of vandetanib in the clinic. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Jackson L, Gibas LM, Barr MA. Preparation of metaphase spreads from chorionic villus samples. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN HUMAN GENETICS 2008; Chapter 8:Unit 8.3. [PMID: 18428313 DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hg0803s00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chorionic villi are composed of an outer layer of trophoblastic cells and an inner mesenchymal cell core, both of fetal origin. Cytogenetic analysis of chorionic villi can be accomplished using material prepared in either of two ways. In the culture method described in this unit, villi are disaggregated by mechanical and enzymatic methods, and the resulting cell suspension is used to establish primary cultures. Mesenchymal cells of the villus core are released by this procedure and the fibroblasts are actively proliferative in tissue culture. Cultures can be used for cytogenetic analysis after 1 week. In the "direct" technique, presented here in an Alternate Protocol, Langhans cells of the cytotrophoblast, actively dividing cells in first-trimester villi, are synchronized and arrested in mitosis after a short incubation period, and metaphase spreads are prepared. Chorionic villi are composed of an outer layer of trophoblastic cells and an inner mesenchymal cell core, both of fetal origin.
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Kongsuwan K, Piper EK, Bagnall NH, Ryan K, Moolhuijzen P, Bellgard M, Lew A, Jackson L, Jonsson NN. Identification of genes involved with tick infestation in Bos taurus and Bos indicus. DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS 2008; 132:77-88. [PMID: 18817288 DOI: 10.1159/000317146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tick resistant cattle could provide a potentially sustainable and environmentally sound method of controlling cattle ticks. Advances in genomics and the availability of the bovine genome sequence open up opportunities to identify useful and selectable genes controlling cattle tick resistance. Using quantitative real-time PCR and theAffymetrix bovine array platform, differences in gene expression of skin biopsies from tick resistant Bos indicus (Brahman) and tick susceptible Bos taurus (Holstein-Friesian) cattle following tick challenge were examined. We identified 138 significant differentially-expressed genes, including several immunologicallhost defence genes, extracellularmatrix proteins, and transcription factors as well as genes involved in lipid metabolism. Three key pathways, represented by genes differentially expressed in resistant Brahmans, were identified; the development of the cell-mediated immune response, structural integrity of the dermis and intracellular Ca2+ levels. Ca2+, which is implicated in host responses to microbial stimuli, may be required for the enhancement or fine-tuning of transcriptional activation of Ca2+ -dependant host defence signalling pathways.
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Jackson L, Jones DR, Scotting P, Sottile V. Adult mesenchymal stem cells: differentiation potential and therapeutic applications. J Postgrad Med 2007; 53:121-7. [PMID: 17495381 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.32215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of multipotent cells found primarily in the bone marrow. They have long been known to be capable of osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and are currently the subject of a number of trials to assess their potential use in the clinic. Recently, the plasticity of these cells has come under close scrutiny as it has been suggested that they may have a differentiation potential beyond the mesenchymal lineage. Myogenic and in particular cardiomyogenic potential has been shown in vitro. MSCs have also been shown to have the ability to form neural cells both in vitro and in vivo, although the molecular mechanisms underlying these apparent transdifferentiation events are yet to be elucidated. We describe here the cellular characteristics and differentiation potential of MSCs, which represent a promising stem cell population for future applications in regenerative medicine.
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Owers R, Mullinger K, Jackson L, Evans A, Macmillan R. O-28 Audit to set a baseline measurement for clinical breast examination. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Bose M, Bell J, Jackson L, Casey P, Saunders J, Epstein O. Virtual vs. optical colonoscopy in symptomatic gastroenterology out-patients: the case for virtual imaging followed by targeted diagnostic or therapeutic colonoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26:727-36. [PMID: 17697206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare virtual colonoscopy with optical colonoscopy findings in symptomatic patients. BACKGROUND Computer tomographic colonography is an alternative to optical colonoscopy. Studies have shown that two-dimensional computer tomographic colonography does not have sufficient sensitivity. Three-dimensional computerized tomographic virtual colonoscopy compares well with optical colonoscopy for colorectal neoplasia screening in asymptomatic individuals. METHODS One hundred patients aged 50 and older underwent same day virtual colonoscopy and optical colonoscopy. The endoscopists were unaware of the radiologist's report until the withdrawal phase of the endoscopy when segmental unblinding occurred. The virtual colonoscopy and optical colonoscopy findings were compared by using the unblinded optical colonoscopy as the reference standard. RESULTS Pancolonic endoluminal virtual colonoscopy was achieved in 99 patients. Optical colonoscopy caecal intubation occurred in 91 patients. Direct comparison was possible in 90 patients. Both techniques revealed the three cancers detected. Virtual colonoscopy revealed 11 polyps > or = 6 mm diameter in nine patients. Optical colonoscopy revealed 10 polyps > or = 6 mm diameter in nine patients with a further 15-mm polyp discovered after segmental unblinding. CONCLUSION In symptomatic patients, three-dimensional virtual colonoscopy is equivalent to optical colonoscopy for diagnosing colon cancer and clinically significant polyps. A case can be made for three-dimensional virtual colonoscopy as a primary modality followed if necessary by same day-targeted optical colonoscopy.
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Abstract
Congenital thyrotoxicosis is a rare and potentially fatal illness. We report a case in a preterm infant delivered to a mother known to have autoimmune endocrine disease. Diagnosis was difficult because the infant's presenting symptoms and signs closely resembled congenital viral infection with co-existent hepatic dysfunction and coagulopathy. The associated hepatic dysfunction was so severe that liver biopsy was scheduled before the diagnosis emerged. A high degree of clinical suspicion coupled with prenatal identification of pregnancies at risk of complication by congenital thyrotoxicosis is imperative to facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antithyroid Agents/therapeutic use
- Carbimazole/therapeutic use
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Hepatomegaly/congenital
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/drug therapy
- Iodates/therapeutic use
- Liver Function Tests
- Middle Aged
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/diagnosis
- Potassium Compounds/therapeutic use
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis
- Propranolol/therapeutic use
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/congenital
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis
- Splenomegaly/congenital
- Thyroid Function Tests
- Thyrotoxicosis/congenital
- Thyrotoxicosis/diagnosis
- Thyrotoxicosis/drug therapy
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Jackson L, Levine J, Hilborn E. A comparison of analysis units for associating Lyme disease with forest-edge habitat. COMMUNITY ECOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.7.2006.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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West J, Brousil J, Gazis A, Jackson L, Mansell P, Bennett A, Aithal GP. Elevated serum alanine transaminase in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. QJM 2006; 99:871-6. [PMID: 17121768 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcl116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of chronic liver disease is higher in diabetics, and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) is a sensitive predictor of mortality from liver disease. AIM To estimate the prevalence of elevated ALT in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and identify possible risk factors. METHODS We identified all patients (n = 2077) attending review between September 2002 and August 2003. We excluded those with no ALT measurement (n = 73); those whose alcohol consumption was >14 units/week (women) (n = 276) or >21 units/week (men) (n = 324); and those with a diagnosis of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young, secondary diabetes, gestational diabetes or uncertain type of diabetes (n = 51). We calculated the prevalences of elevated ALT in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, and compared the demographic, microvascular risk factors and current drug use between each group using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of 1353 patients included, 836 (61.9%) had type 2 diabetes. Elevated ALT was found in 9.5% (95%CI 7.1-12.3%) of patients with type 1 diabetes, and 12.1% (95%CI 9.9-14.5%) of those with type 2 diabetes. The risk of elevated ALT in patients with type 2 diabetes increased with increasing body mass index (p(trend) = 0.04), and was lower in those taking insulin (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.22-0.65). DISCUSSION The prevalence of elevated ALT is 3-4 times higher in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes than in the general population. Further studies investigating the aetiology and mechanisms of this elevation may suggest appropriate early interventions.
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Anderson A, Summers R, Jackson L, Woodward L. 107. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Tick fever or cattle fever (babesiosis) is economically the most important arthropod-borne disease of cattle worldwide with vast areas of Australia, Africa, South and Central America and the United States continuously under threat. Tick fever was the first disease for which transmission by an arthropod to a mammal was implicated at the turn of the twentieth century and is the first disease to be eradicated from a continent (North America). This review describes the biology of Babesia spp. in the host and the tick, the scale of the problem to the cattle industry, the various components of control programmes, epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunity, vaccination and future research. The emphasis is on Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina.
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Williamson S, Jackson L, Skeoch C, Azzim G, Anderson R. Determination of the prevalence of drug misuse by meconium analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91:F291-2. [PMID: 16790733 PMCID: PMC2672735 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2005.078642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In a pilot study to determine the local prevalence of maternal drug misuse, meconium from 400 infants was analysed for metabolites of eight controlled drugs. Cannabinoids were found in 13.25%, cocaine in 2.75%, and amphetamine in 1.75%. The prevalence of opiate and benzodiazepine misuse was masked by the presence of prescribed drugs so was undeterminable.
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Jackson L. Bias, and Problems with Adjustment for Bias, in Observational Studies of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s169-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Jackson L. Assessing the Public Health Benefit of influenza Vaccination in Seniors: A Test of Epidemiologic Methods. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s168-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lumley MA, Zamerowski ST, Jackson L, Dukes K, Sullivan L. Psychosocial Correlates of Pregnant Women's Attitudes Toward Prenatal Maternal Serum Screening and Invasive Diagnostic Testing: Beyond Traditional Risk Status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 10:131-8. [PMID: 16792517 DOI: 10.1089/gte.2006.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether psychosocial variables predict pregnant women's attitudes toward maternal serum screening and invasive diagnostic testing, beyond the influence of traditional obstetric risk status (based on advanced maternal age, history of genetic disorders, etc.). In a sample of 612 pregnant women (66.5% high risk, 33.5% low risk) we assessed responses to hypothetical scenarios of invasive testing following normal or abnormal maternal serum screening. We also assessed psychosocial variables stemming from the theory of planned behavior (e.g., knowledge, concern for fetus, attitudes toward termination, health locus of control). Overall, two thirds of the women would want serum screening. Follow-up invasive diagnostic testing would be sought by 37.2% of the women after a negative screening, and by 75.0% after a positive screening. As expected, traditional risk status predicted desire for screening and also invasive testing following either a negative or positive screen. Yet, controlling for risk status, many psychosocial variables predicted a women's interest in screening and in invasive testing: more knowledge about prenatal testing, concern about fetal health, willingness to terminate a pregnancy, and an internal or medical profession health locus of control. We conclude that psychosocial variables influence women's desire for screening or invasive testing beyond traditional risk status.
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Abstract
Ethylene glycol is recognised as a potentially lethal poison if ingested. Approximately 100 mls may be fatal in a 70 kg adult. Current Toxbase guidelines are the accepted standard of treatment of such poisonings in the United Kingdom. These guidelines suggest that symptoms of significant poisoning are usually present within 30 minutes of ingestion i.e. ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus, nausea and vomiting, haematemesis, coma and convulsions. In the absence of these symptoms, metabolic acidosis or ethylene glycol concentration more than 8 mmol/l a single loading dose of ethanol and observation were the recommended course of management until recently. We report a case of a patient who remained relatively asymptomatic for almost 24 hours but then developed clinical symptoms with marked metabolic acidosis and renal impairment requiring intensive treatment including haemodialysis.
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Skeoch CH, Jackson L, Wilson AM, Booth P. Fit to fly: practical challenges in neonatal transfers by air. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2005; 90:F456-60. [PMID: 16244206 PMCID: PMC1721982 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2004.064949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Air transport of infants in incubators should be undertaken in a manner that is safe for both staff and infant and satisfies all directives by appropriate regulatory bodies. In Scotland during the last two years, certification of an infant incubator system for use in both rotary and fixed wing aircraft has been accomplished. This is a report of the issues addressed during this project, which will be common to all neonatal transport services intending to develop air transport capability.
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