51
|
Kearney L, Ord M, Matalanis G, Lu K, Profitis K, Burrell L, Srivastava P. Global Longitudinal Strain is a Strong Independent Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Aortic Stenosis. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
52
|
Kearney L, Molan M, Matalanis G, Ord M, Lu K, Profitis K, Burrell L, Srivastava P. Utility of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Assessment of Prosthetic Aortic Valves. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
53
|
Kearney L, Ord M, Lu K, Profitis K, Burrell L, Srivastava P. Plasma BNP Detects High Risk Patients with Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis and Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
54
|
Kearney L. A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian. West J Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
55
|
Lu K, Hare D, Kearney L, Ord M, Toia D, Wai B, Burrell L, Srivastava P. Anaemia is a Significant Predictor of Increased Mortality in Subjects with Systolic Heart Failure with Medium Term Follow Up. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
56
|
Lu K, Reddy R, Profitis K, Kearney L, Wai B, Ord M, Srivastava P. Predictors of Mortality in Infective Endocarditis in Contemporary Australian Practice Over 13 Years. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
57
|
Gordon MY, Kearney L, Hibbin JA. Effects of human marrow stromal cells on proliferation by human granulocytic (GM-CFC), erythroid (BFU-E) and mixed (Mix-CFC) colony-forming cells. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1983.00301.x-i1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
58
|
Kearney L. Multiplex-FISH (M-FISH): technique, developments and applications. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:189-98. [PMID: 16954655 DOI: 10.1159/000094202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiplex FISH (M-FISH) represents one of the most significant developments in molecular cytogenetics of the past decade. Originally designed to generate 24 colour karyotyping, the technique has spawned many variations and an equally diverse range of applications. In tumour and leukaemia cytogenetics, the two groups that have been targeted represent both ends of the cytogenetic spectrum: those with an apparently normal karyotype (suspected of harbouring small rearrangements not detectable by conventional cytogenetics) and those with a complex aberrant karyotype (which are difficult to karyotype accurately due to the sheer number of aberrations). In research, mouse M-FISH provides a powerful tool to characterize mouse models of a disease. In addition, the ability to accurately karyotype single metaphases without selection makes M-FISH the perfect tool in chromosome breakage studies and for characterizing clonal evolution of tumours. Finally, M-FISH has emerged as the perfect partner for the developing genomic microarray (array CGH) technologies, providing a powerful approach to gene discovery.
Collapse
|
59
|
Wieczorek SJ, Hager D, Barry MB, Kearney L, Ferrier A, Wu AHB. Correlation of B-type natriuretic peptide level to 6-min walk test performance in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 328:87-90. [PMID: 12559602 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(02)00389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a neurohormone that can be measured in blood and is useful in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). We compared whole blood BNP concentrations to distance walked during a 6-min walk test in patients with CHF. METHODS Forty-four patients with CHF underwent a 6-min walk test. The distance walked was compared to the BNP concentration on blood collected prior to the walk test. Patients were followed for 16 +/- 2.8 months after testing. RESULTS A significant correlation was observed between the BNP concentration and the distance walked (r = -0.47, p < 0.001). One patient without congestion died suddenly. Two patients died of progressive heart failure, and two other patients underwent cardiac transplantation. Each of the latter four patients had high BNP concentrations (median 1080 ng/l) and walked short distances (median 183 m). This study indicates that the BNP concentration in blood correlates inversely with the degree of physical capability of patients with heart failure. CONCLUSIONS The BNP concentration could be used as an alternative to the 6-min walk test to assess the severity of heart failure. The assay for BNP is non-invasive, inexpensive, and results are available at the bedside or in a heart failure clinic.
Collapse
|
60
|
Fauth C, Zhang H, Harabacz S, Brown J, Saracoglu K, Lederer G, Rittinger O, Rost I, Eils R, Kearney L, Speicher MR. A new strategy for the detection of subtelomeric rearrangements. Hum Genet 2001; 109:576-83. [PMID: 11810269 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-001-0629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2001] [Accepted: 09/13/2001] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a new strategy for the detection of subtelomeric rearrangements. This approach is based on two hybridizations with different probe sets. The first set consists of microdissected subtelomeric probes (each 5-10 megabases in size) labeled combinatorially employing 7 different fluorochromes. With this set, subtelomeric interchromosomal exchanges can be detected in a 24-color experiment. The second set comprises a second generation of subtelomeric PAC-, P1- and BAC-clones. Probes for p- and q-arms are labeled with two different colors. This second set detects small deletions; in addition it provides regional information, so that translocated material identified by the first probe set can be assigned to the p- or q-arm of a chromosome. The test has been evaluated in a blind study on a series of subtle translocations and deletions.
Collapse
|
61
|
Abstract
Refinements in cytogenetic techniques over the past 30 years have allowed the increasingly sensitive detection of chromosome abnormalities in haematological malignancies. In particular, the advent of fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques has provided significant advances in both diagnosis and research of leukaemias. The application of new multicolour karyotyping techniques has allowed the complete dissection of complex chromosome rearrangements and provides the prospect of identifying new recurrent chromosome rearrangements. Both comparative genomic hybridization and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization avoid the use of metaphase chromosomes altogether and have allowed the genetic analysis of previously intractable targets. Recent developments in comparative genomic hybridization to DNA microarrays provide the promise of high resolution and automated screening for chromosomal imbalances. Rather than replacing conventional cytogenetics, however, these techniques have extended the range of cytogenetic analyses when applied in a complementary fashion.
Collapse
|
62
|
Jaju RJ, Fidler C, Haas OA, Strickson AJ, Watkins F, Clark K, Cross NC, Cheng JF, Aplan PD, Kearney L, Boultwood J, Wainscoat JS. A novel gene, NSD1, is fused to NUP98 in the t(5;11)(q35;p15.5) in de novo childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2001; 98:1264-7. [PMID: 11493482 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.4.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recurrent translocation t(5;11)(q35;p15.5) associated with a 5q deletion, del(5q), has been reported in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We report the cloning of the translocation breakpoints in de novo childhood AML harboring a cryptic t(5;11)(q35;p15.5). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated that the nucleoporin gene (NUP98) at 11p15.5 was disrupted by this translocation. By using 3'--rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (3'-RACE) polymerase chain reaction, we identified a chimeric messenger RNA that results in the in-frame fusion of NUP98 to a novel gene, NSD1. The NSD1 gene has 2596 amino acid residues and a 85% homology to the murine Nsd1 with the domain structure being conserved. The NSD1 gene was localized to 5q35 by FISH and is widely expressed. The reciprocal transcript, NSD1-NUP98, was also detected by reverse transcriptase--polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report in which the novel gene NSD1 has been implicated in human malignancy. (Blood. 2001;98:1264-1267)
Collapse
|
63
|
Cazzaniga G, Daniotti M, Tosi S, Giudici G, Aloisi A, Pogliani E, Kearney L, Biondi A. The paired box domain gene PAX5 is fused to ETV6/TEL in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia case. Cancer Res 2001; 61:4666-70. [PMID: 11406533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The PAX5 gene, encoding the B-cell-specific activator protein, is a critical determinant of commitment to the B-lymphocyte pathway. This gene, mapped at 9p13, is juxtaposed to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene as a result of the t(9;14)(p13;q32), a rare but recurring translocation found in a subset of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases. In all of these, this translocation results in deregulated expression of the gene product because of the proximity of IgH. We present here the molecular characterization of a previously reported acute lymphoblastic leukemia case carrying a t(9;12)(q11;p13) translocation. Using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR, a novel chimeric transcript was identified that contained the NH(2)-terminal region of PAX5 and most of the ETV6/TEL gene on 12p13. According to the fusion transcript, the resulting chimeric protein would retain the PAX5 paired-box domain and both the helix-loop-helix and DNA binding domains of TEL. Thus, it is reasonable to hypothesize that this protein could act as an aberrant transcription factor. This is the first report of PAX5 rearrangement in a human malignancy resulting in a chimeric transcript.
Collapse
|
64
|
Mackie Ogilvie C, Harrison RH, Horsley SW, Hodgson SV, Kearney L. A mitotically stable marker chromosome negative for whole chromosome libraries, centromere probes and chromosome specific telomere regions: a novel class of supernumerary marker chromosome? CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 2001; 92:69-73. [PMID: 11306799 DOI: 10.1159/000056871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A two year-old child presented with mild developmental delay. On karyotype analysis, a supernumerary small marker chromosome (SMC) was found in all cells examined. This SMC was approximately the size of an isochromosome 18p, being symmetrical with a central constriction. C-banding and silver staining were negative and FISH with all chromosome-specific paints, centromere probes and telomere probes showed no hybridization to the SMC; telomere repeat sequences were however present on both arms. Comparative genomic hybridization showed no amplification of any chromosome region. Flow sorting of the SMC and reverse painting onto normal metaphase spreads showed no hybridization to any chromosome, whereas reverse painting onto the patient's own metaphases showed hybridization to the SMC only. This SMC may thus represent either a complex amplicon of different genomic regions, or a multifold amplification of a very small region, with a neocentromere comprising an active kinetochore but no alphoid DNA. Prognostic implications for the proband were difficult to assess due to the absence of reports of similar marker chromosomes in the literature.
Collapse
|
65
|
Saracoglu K, Brown J, Kearney L, Uhrig S, Azofeifa J, Fauth C, Speicher MR, Eils R. New concepts to improve resolution and sensitivity of molecular cytogenetic diagnostics by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. CYTOMETRY 2001; 44:7-15. [PMID: 11309803 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0320(20010501)44:1<7::aid-cyto1076>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine application of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) technology for molecular cytogenetic diagnostics has been hampered by several technical limitations. First, when using chromosome-specific painting probes, there is a limit in cytogenetic resolution of approximately 2-3 Mb, which can mask hidden structural abnormalities that have a significant clinical effect. Second, using whole chromosome painting probes, intrachromosomal rearrangements cannot be detected and the exact localization of breakpoints is often not possible. METHODS We suggest the use of multiplex-labeled region or locus- specific probes in combination with an optimal probe design to improve the sensitivity and resolution of the M-FISH technology. To allow the application of this assay in routine diagnostics, we developed a multipurpose image analysis system. RESULTS goldFISH was applied to the study of cryptic translocations in mental retardation patients and to the study of high-resolution breakpoint mapping in non-small cell lung cancer patients. For an individual with mental retardation, who had an apparently normal karyotype by G-banding, we detected an unbalanced translocation involving chromosomes 2 and 7. CONCLUSIONS In combination with optimally designed probe kits, goldFISH overcomes most of the present limitations of the M-FISH technology and results in virtually 100% reliability for detecting interchromosomal and intrachromosomal rearrangements.
Collapse
|
66
|
Brown J, Saracoglu K, Uhrig S, Speicher MR, Eils R, Kearney L. Subtelomeric chromosome rearrangements are detected using an innovative 12-color FISH assay (M-TEL). Nat Med 2001; 7:497-501. [PMID: 11283680 DOI: 10.1038/86581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
67
|
Horsley SW, Daniels RJ, Anguita E, Raynham HA, Peden JF, Villegas A, Vickers MA, Green S, Waye JS, Chui DH, Ayyub H, MacCarthy AB, Buckle VJ, Gibbons RJ, Kearney L, Higgs DR. Monosomy for the most telomeric, gene-rich region of the short arm of human chromosome 16 causes minimal phenotypic effects. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:217-25. [PMID: 11313762 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2000] [Revised: 11/13/2000] [Accepted: 11/16/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the phenotypic effects of 21 independent deletions from the fully sequenced and annotated 356 kb telomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 16 (16p13.3). Fifteen genes contained within this region have been highly conserved throughout evolution and encode proteins involved in important housekeeping functions, synthesis of haemoglobin, signalling pathways and critical developmental pathways. Although a priori many of these genes would be considered candidates for critical haploinsufficient genes, none of the deletions within the 356 kb interval cause any discernible phenotype other than alpha thalassaemia whether inherited via the maternal or paternal line. These findings contrast with previous observations on patients with larger (> 1 Mb) deletions from the 16p telomere and therefore address the mechanisms by which monosomy gives rise to human genetic disease.
Collapse
|
68
|
Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, Horsley SW, Clark K, Tufarelli C, Kearney L, Buckle VJ, Doggett NA, Flint J, Higgs DR. Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:339-52. [PMID: 11157797 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have sequenced 1949 kb from the terminal Giemsa light band of human chromosome 16p, enabling us to fully annotate the region extending from the telomeric repeats to the previously published tuberous sclerosis disease 2 (TSC2) and polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) genes. This region can be subdivided into two GC-rich, Alu-rich domains and one GC-rich, Alu-poor domain. The entire region is extremely gene rich, containing 100 confirmed genes and 20 predicted genes. Many of the genes encode widely expressed proteins orchestrating basic cellular processes (e.g. DNA recombination, repair, transcription, RNA processing, signal transduction, intracellular signalling and mRNA translation). Others, such as the alpha globin genes (HBA1 and HBA2), PDIP and BAIAP3, are specialized tissue-restricted genes. Some of the genes have been previously implicated in the pathophysiology of important human genetic diseases (e.g. asthma, cataracts and the ATR-16 syndrome). Others are known disease genes for alpha thalassaemia, adult polycystic kidney disease and tuberous sclerosis. There is also linkage evidence for bipolar affective disorder, epilepsy and autism in this region. Sixty-three chromosomal deletions reported here and elsewhere allow us to interpret the results of removing progressively larger numbers of genes from this well defined human telomeric region.
Collapse
|
69
|
Brown J, Horsley SW, Jung C, Saracoglu K, Janssen B, Brough M, Daschner M, Beedgen B, Kerkhoffs G, Eils R, Harris PC, Jauch A, Kearney L. Identification of a subtle t(16;19)(p13.3;p13.3) in an infant with multiple congenital abnormalities using a 12-colour multiplex FISH telomere assay, M-TEL. Eur J Hum Genet 2000; 8:903-10. [PMID: 11175277 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that cytogenetically invisible chromosome rearrangements are an important cause of genetic disease. Clues to the chromosomal location of these rearrangements may be provided by a specific clinical diagnosis, which can then be investigated by targeted FISH or molecular studies. However, the phenotypic features of some microdeletion syndromes are difficult to recognise, particularly in infants. In addition, the presence of other chromosome aneuploidy may mask the typical clinical features. In the present study, the presence of tubers on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a 5-week-old infant prompted an investigation, by FISH, with probes from the tuberous sclerosis gene, TSC2. This and further FISH deletion mapping studies revealed a submicroscopic deletion encompassing the entire TSC2 gene and the adjacent PKD1 gene on one chromosome 16, confirming a del(16)(p13.3). Because of the large number of abnormal phenotypic features in this infant, we performed a 12-colour FISH assay (M-TEL) to screen for subtelomeric rearrangements involving the del(16p). The M-TEL assay revealed a cryptic der(16)t(16;19)(p13.3;p13.3). Further FISH with 19p and 19q subtelomeric probes demonstrated that this was derived from a balanced maternal t(16;19)(p13.3;p13.3). Importantly, 24-colour painting by multiplex FISH (M-FISH) failed to detect the translocation in either the infant or his mother. Based on our FISH mapping studies, we estimate the size of the trisomic region from 19p13.3 to be approximately 2 Mb, and the region of monosomy for 16p13.3 as 2.25 Mb. This case adds to the growing literature which indicates that many apparent chromosomal deletions are unbalanced translocations. The M-TEL assay provides a sensitive alternative to M-FISH for the detection of these subtle telomeric rearrangements.
Collapse
|
70
|
Tosi S, Harbott J, Teigler-Schlegel A, Haas OA, Pirc-Danoewinata H, Harrison CJ, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G, Kempski H, Scherer SW, Kearney L. t(7;12)(q36;p13), a new recurrent translocation involving ETV6 in infant leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000; 29:325-32. [PMID: 11066076 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::aid-gcc1039>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The ETV6 gene is rearranged as a result of translocations involving a wide variety of chromosomal partners. To date, 12 partner genes for ETV6 have been cloned, and a further 23 chromosomal regions have been described. We previously identified a cryptic t(7;12) with ETV6 involvement in two cases of infant leukemia. The finding of a third case of t(7;12), also in an infant, prompted a more focussed search based on the common features found in these patients and those reported in the literature. The selection criteria were age at diagnosis < 20 months and the presence of +19 and/or +8 in the karyotype; cases with abnormalities of 7q and/or 12p were also considered. FISH studies using whole chromosome paints and probes for the ETV6 gene revealed a t(7;12) in 10 out of 23 cases studied. Seven of these had evidence of ETV6 rearrangement. Of those with ETV6 involvement, six had a 7q36 and one a 7q22 breakpoint. Importantly, in three cases the 7q36 breakpoint was within the same PAC, suggesting the existence of a new nonrandom translocation. However, in at least one patient the 7q36 breakpoint was different. The identification of the 7q partner genes will determine whether it is the disruption of ETV6 alone, or the formation of fusion genes, that is important for leukemogenesis in these patients. As both 7q36 and 7q22 are critical regions of gene loss in del(7q) leukemias, the identification of partner genes from these regions may also be important in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Collapse
|
71
|
Jaju RJ, Jones M, Boultwood J, Kelly S, Mason DY, Wainscoat JS, Kearney L. Combined immunophenotyping and FISH identifies the involvement of B-cells in 5q- syndrome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000; 29:276-80. [PMID: 10992302 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::aid-gcc1035>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5q- syndrome is a distinct subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) characterized by refractory anemia, deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5, del(5q), as the sole cytogenetic abnormality, and a low frequency of transformation to acute leukemia. Using combined immunophenotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), studies were carried out on bone marrow smears of three 5q- syndrome cases to identify the cell lineages carrying the 5q deletion. In all three cases, the granulocytic, monocytic, and erythroid lineages possessed the del(5q) clonal marker, whereas the T-lymphocytes did not. Interestingly, in one case, cells of B-lymphoid lineage also showed the presence of the del(5q). This is the first report to date showing involvement of an acquired 5q deletion associated with MDS in B-cells. This result suggests that in some cases, MDS arises in a multipotent cell with a capacity to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid cells.
Collapse
|
72
|
Lillington DM, Jaju RJ, Shankar AG, Neat M, Kearney L, Young BD, Saha V. Cytogenetic and molecular evidence of marrow involvement in extramedullary acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2000; 110:547-51. [PMID: 10997963 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma was made in a 2-year-old child based on the detection of myelomonocytic blasts in tissue obtained from a subcutaneous nodule with no evidence of concomitant disease in the bone marrow. The child responded to systemic chemotherapy and is in remission 3 years later. An identical clone with an in frame fusion of the MLL and AF10 genes was identified from both tissue and bone marrow samples. The generation of an in frame MLL-AF10 fusion requires complex intra- and interchromosomal exchanges between chromosomes 10 and 11. In this case, an intrachromosomal rearrangement of chromosome 5 was also observed. This case illustrates the presence of systemic disease in extramedullary leukaemia, its response to systemic rather than topical therapy and suggests that the events leading to chromosomal translocations in leukaemia may be part of a generalized intracellular event.
Collapse
|
73
|
McDonell N, Ramser J, Francis F, Vinet MC, Rider S, Sudbrak R, Riesselman L, Yaspo ML, Reinhardt R, Monaco AP, Ross F, Kahn A, Kearney L, Buckle V, Chelly J. Characterization of a highly complex region in Xq13 and mapping of three isodicentric breakpoints associated with preleukemia. Genomics 2000; 64:221-9. [PMID: 10756090 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chromosomal abnormality represented by an isodicentric X chromosome [idic(X)(q13)] is associated with a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and preleukemia observed in elderly females. A previous study localized the breakpoints of two acquired isodicentric X chromosomes associated with myelodysplasia to a 450-kb region proximal to the XIST gene. Here we report the construction and extensive characterization of a reliable 1-Mb P1 artificial chromosome and bacterial artificial chromosome contig covering a highly problematic region in Xq13 that includes the previously described isodicentric breakpoint region. In addition to mapping of the brain-specific gene (NAP1L2) and the phosphoglyceryl kinase alpha subunit 1 gene (PHKA1) and generation and mapping of a large number of STSs throughout the contig, we have mapped a putative transcriptional regulatory protein (HDACL1), and 35 ESTs. Sequencing data, Southern blot analysis, and fiber-FISH analysis have permitted characterization of extensive region-specific duplications and triplications in addition to an unusually high concentration of long interspersed repeat elements, both of which could be implicated in isodicentric chromosome formation and other Xq13 chromosome aberrations. FISH analysis of metaphase chromosomes from two previously unpublished AML patients and one preleukemic patient using cosmid clones and selected subclones allowed mapping of the idic(X)(q13) breakpoints to a 100-kb interval, consistent with the involvement of an X-linked gene in the genesis of this form of preleukemia, disruption of which may represent a preliminary step in progression to AML. Assembly and physical mapping of this complex 1-Mb contig establish a foundation for ongoing sequencing and gene identification projects in the region.
Collapse
|
74
|
Game L, Close J, Stephens P, Mitchell J, Best S, Rochette J, Louis-dit-Sully C, Riley J, See CG, Sanseau P, Kearney L, Bethel G, Humphray S, Dunham I, Mungall A, Thein SL. An integrated map of human 6q22.3-q24 including a 3-Mb high-resolution BAC/PAC contig encompassing a QTL for fetal hemoglobin. Genomics 2000; 64:264-76. [PMID: 10756094 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have previously assigned a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for hemoglobin F and F cells to a region of approximately 4 Mb between the markers D6S408 and D6S292 on chromosome 6q23. An initial yeast artificial chromosome contig of 13 clones spanning this region was generated. Further linkage analysis of an extended kindred refined the candidate interval to 1-2 cM, and key recombination events now place the QTL within a region of <800 kb. We describe a high-resolution bacterial clone contig spanning 3 Mb covering this critical region. The map consists of 223 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and 100 P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) clones ordered by sequence-tagged site (STS) content and restriction fragment fingerprinting with a minimum tiling path of 22 BACs and 1 PAC. A total of 194 STSs map to this interval of 3 Mb, giving an average marker resolution of approximately one per 15 kb. About half of the markers were novel and were isolated in the present study, including three CA repeats and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Altogether 24 expressed sequence tags, 6 of which are unique genes, have been mapped to the contig.
Collapse
|
75
|
Harrison CJ, Gibbons B, Yang F, Butler T, Cheung KL, Kearney L, Dirscherl L, Bray-Ward P, Gregson M, Ferguson-Smith M. Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization and cross species color banding of a case of chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic crisis with a complex Philadelphia translocation. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 116:105-10. [PMID: 10640141 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exciting new techniques in molecular cytogenetics--namely, spectral karyotyping, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), and cross species color banding--have been recently developed. An increasing number of reports demonstrate the success of these procedures in providing additional cytogenetic information--identifying marker chromosomes and revealing the presence of previously undetected chromosomal changes. However, these procedures have their limitations, and their absolute sensitivity in the accurate identification of subtle chromosomal abnormalities remains to be established. M-FISH and color banding have been applied to a case of chronic myeloid leukemia with a complex Philadelphia translocation involving chromosomes 9, 17, and 22, which had initially been identified from G-banded chromosome analysis. The abnormalities were confirmed by chromosome "painting" and specific probes. Although M-FISH and color banding revealed no additional cryptic chromosomal changes, this study has clearly demonstrated the success of these multiple color FISH approaches in the accurate characterization of a complex rearrangement with subtle abnormalities.
Collapse
|