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Hu CC, Wang XH, Chen H. [Progress of lupus anticoagulant detection in venous thromboembolism]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2022; 45:218-221. [PMID: 35135093 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210519-00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lupus anticoagulant is one of the risk factors for venous thromboembolism, and the detection of lupus anticoagulant in patients with venous thromboembolism is important for the choice of treatment options and prognosis of treatment. There was no relevant literature to analyze and summarize the application progress of lupus anticoagulant detection in venous thromboembolism. In order to deepen the understanding of such patients, and help clinicians to conduct reasonable diagnosis, treatment and management of these patients, we reviewed the relevant epidemiology, test precautions, and the value of test results in venous thromboembolism and related treatments.
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Nan LF, Chen XS, Chen H, Hu XH, Wang XH, Hu XP. Development of spirocyclic phosphoramidite-based hybrid diphosphorus ligands for enantioselective iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation of imines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8420-8424. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01801b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel spirocyclic phosphine–phosphoramidite ligands for highly efficient and enantioselective Ir-catalyzed hydrogenation of various imines.
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Guo YY, Hu B, Wang XH, Huang DD, Li J, Zhang D, Li XY, Chen G, Ren DL. [Clinical characteristics of perianal/perineal rhabdomyosarcoma-a report of 15 cases]. ZHONGHUA WEI CHANG WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY 2021; 24:1100-1103. [PMID: 34923795 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20200407-00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Xu Y, Dong XR, Zhang P, Wang XH, Zhou YF, Cheng GQ. [Clinical analysis of 15 patients with epileptic spasms and focal seizures as a single ictal event in neonatal period]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2021; 59:1055-1058. [PMID: 34856665 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210324-00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the phenomenon of epileptic spasms (ES) and focal seizures (FS) in a single ictal event (FS-ES phenomenon) and to study the etiology, manifestations, and prognosis of this phenomenon. Methods: The data of the 15 neonates who had ES and FS in a single ictal event, according to video-electroencephalography (VEEG) recording in Department of Neonatology of Children's Hospital of Fudan University during the period of January 2018 to December 2019, was analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of the 15 neonates, 7 were male and 8 were female. Gestational age was 39 (32-42) weeks. Birth weight was 3 100 (1 825-3 850) g. The initial onset age of convulsions was 2 (1-10) days. The age of the first discovery of FS-ES phenomenon was 25 (14-32) days. The age of seizure-free was 7(1-27) months. All of the initial seizure types were FS. The FS-ES phenomenon of 15 patients started with FS. The FS-ES phenomenon manifested in 2 forms: FS followed by ES (12 cases), ES appeared during an FS without interrupting FS (2 cases). In 1 neonate the spasm occurred in both forms. The etiology included genetic factors (9 cases), intracranial infection (1 case), abnormal brain tissue structure (2 cases), and etiology was unknown in 3 cases. All the neonates had a poor prognosis except one. Conclusions: The FS-ES phenomenon in the neonatal period starts with FS. There are various etiologies. Etiologies of most patients are genetic factors. Most of the patients have a poor prognosis.
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Wang XH, Tang XC, Li X, Qin JZ, Zhong WT, Wu P, Zhang F, Shen YX, Dai TT. Implantation of nanofibrous silk scaffolds seeded with bone marrow stromal cells promotes spinal cord regeneration (6686 words). ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:699-708. [PMID: 34882059 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.2013250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common pathology often resulting in permanent loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function. Numerous studies in which stem cells have been transplanted in biomaterial scaffolds into animals have demonstrated their considerable potential for recovery from SCI. In the present study, a three-dimensional porous silk fibroin (SF) scaffold with a mean pore size of approximately 383 μm and nanofibrous structure was fabricated, the silk scaffold enabling the enhanced attachment and proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Investigation of its therapeutic potential was conducted by implantation of the nanofibrous SF scaffold seeded with BMSCs into a transected spinal cord model. Recovery of the damaged spinal cord was significantly improved after 2 months, compared with a non-nanofibrous scaffold, in combination with decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and improved axonal regeneration at the site of injury. Furthermore, elevated Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores indicated greatly improved hindlimb movement. Together, these results demonstrate that transplantation of neural scaffolds consisting of nanofibrous SF and BMSCs is an attractive strategy for the promotion of functional recovery following SCI.
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Xu TT, Zeng XW, Wang XH, Yang LX, Luo G, Yu T. Cystatin-B Negatively Regulates the Malignant Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Via the Epithelium Proliferation/Differentiation Program. Front Oncol 2021; 11:707066. [PMID: 34504787 PMCID: PMC8421684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.707066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance in the proteolytic process is one of the malignant signs of tumors. Proteolysis is highly orchestrated by cysteine cathepsin and its inhibitors. Cystatin-B (CSTB) is a general cysteine cathepsin inhibitor that prevents cysteine cathepsin from leaking from lysosomes and causing inappropriate proteolysis. Our study found that CSTB was downregulated in both oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and cells compared with normal controls. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CSTB was mainly distributed in the epithelial structure of OSCC tissues, and its expression intensity was related to the grade classification. A correlation analysis between CSTB and clinical prognosis was performed using gene expression data and clinical information acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Patients with lower expression levels of CSTB had shorter disease-free survival times and poorer clinicopathological features (e.g., lymph node metastases, perineural invasion, low degree of differentiation, and advanced tumor stage). OSCC cell models overexpressing CSTB were constructed to assess the effects of CSTB on malignant biological behaviors and upregulation of CSTB inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed based on the TCGA data to explore potential mechanisms, and CSTB appeared to correlate with squamous epithelial proliferation-differentiation processes, such as epidermal cell differentiation and keratinization. Moreover, in WGCNA, the gene module most associated with CSTB expression (i.e., the brown module) was also the one most associated with grade classification. Upregulation of CSTB promoted the expression levels of markers (LOR, IVL, KRT5/14, and KRT1/10), reflecting a tendency for differentiation and keratinization in vitro. Gene expression profile data of the overexpressed CSTB cell line were obtained by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. By comparing the GSEA enrichment results of RNA-seq data (from the OSCC models overexpressing CSTB) and existing public database data, three gene sets (i.e., apical junction, G2/M checkpoint, etc.) and six pathways (e.g., NOTCH signaling pathway, glycosaminoglycan degradation, mismatch repair, etc.) were enriched in the data from both sources. Overall, our study shows that CSTB is downregulated in OSCC and might regulate the malignant characteristics of OSCC via the epithelial proliferation/differentiation program.
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Yao YH, Ye Q, Wang XH, Lin Y, Zhu YH. [Efficacy of the XEN gel stent on intraocular pressure lowering in glaucoma patients]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 57:679-684. [PMID: 34865405 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20201223-00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the XEN gel implant in the treatment of glaucoma. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. Eight patients (8 eyes) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2020 to September 2020 were included, including six males and two females, aged 29 to 74 years. The patients treated with the XEN gel implanting for glaucoma. After detailed ophthalmic examination, all the patients met the surgical indications for the XEN gel implanting. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment and fundus examination results, medication, and surgical complications were evaluated. Results: There were seven patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and one patient with glaucomatocyclitic syndrome. Five patients had received anti-glaucoma surgeries, and the remaining three patients had not received surgical treatment. All XEN gel stents were implanted successfully. All patients were followed up for 4 to 12 months. The preoperative maximum IOP ranged from 11 to 44 mmHg (median, 28 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and the IOP was 10 to 18 mmHg (median, 13 mmHg) at the last follow-up. Two to 4 types of medication were used for glaucoma preoperatively (median, 3), while 0 to 2 types (median, 0) were used at the last follow-up. During the follow-up, 7 cases were completely successful and only one case failed. Intraoperative hemorrhage occurred in two patients, and after effective treatment, the IOP decreased to below 20 mmHg. One patient was found to have an increased IOP with the XEN luminal obstruction, and the XEN drainage tube was recanalized. The IOP was about 10 mmHg at the last follow-up, and no anti-glaucoma drugs were used, but the surgery was assessed as failure by standard. The remaining patients had no other serious complications. Conclusion: This preliminary study shows that the XEN gel drainage may be a safe and effective treatment for patients with glaucoma. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 679-684).
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Yang X, Chen S, Qi Y, Xu XY, Guan X, Yang YC, Liu YX, Guo YH, Gong WC, Gao YN, Wang XH, Li W, Li LF, Fu K, Zhang HL, Meng B. [Research of prognostic immunophenotypes in 163 patients of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:487-494. [PMID: 34384155 PMCID: PMC8295611 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
目的 筛选并分析与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)预后相关的免疫表型,探究其预后价值。 方法 选取天津医科大学肿瘤医院2011年1月至2016年12月收治的163例DLBCL患者,免疫组织化学染色检测DLBCL常见免疫表型,COX模型探索独立于国际预后指数(IPI)影响总生存(OS)与无进展生存(PFS)的免疫表型,并分析其两两联合表达对预后的影响。 结果 多因素分析显示BCL6阴性(PFS:HR=1.652,95% CI 1.030~2.649,P=0.037)、P53阳性(OS:HR=1.842,95% CI 1.008~3.367,P=0.047)、BCL2强阳性(OS:HR=2.102,95%CI 1.249~3.537,P=0.005;PFS:HR=2.126,95% CI 1.312~3.443,P=0.002)是DLBCL中独立于IPI的预后不良因素。亚组分析显示,在年龄≤60岁组患者中BCL6阴性(PFS:HR=2.042,95%CI 1.021~4.081,P=0.043)、P53阳性(OS:HR=3.069,95% CI 1.244~7.569,P=0.015)和BCL2强阳性(OS:HR=2.433,95% CI 1.165~5.082,P=0.018;PFS:HR=3.209,95%CI 1.606~6.410,P=0.001)对预后影响显著;在IPI 0~2分亚组患者中,BCL6阴性(OS:HR=2.467,95%CI 1.322~4.604,P=0.005;PFS:HR=2.248,95%CI 1.275~3.965,P=0.005)和BCL2强阳性(PFS:HR=2.045,95%CI 1.119~3.735,P=0.020)对预后影响显著。BCL6和BCL2强阳性的联合表达与DLBCL的预后相关(P=0.005和P<0.001),BCL6阳性/BCL2非强阳性(86例)预后最好[3年OS率(71.6±4.9)%,3年PFS率(67.0±5.1)%],BCL6阴性/BCL2强阳性(10例)预后最差[3年OS率(20.0±12.6)%,3年PFS率(10.0±9.5)%];BCL6、P53的联合表达与DLBCL的预后差异无统计学意义(P=0.061和P=0.089),但生存曲线显示BCL6阳性/P53阴性的病例(98例)预后较好[3年OS率(70.6±4.7)%,3年PFS率(64.6±4.9)%];BCL2强阳性、P53的联合表达与DLBCL的预后显著相关(P<0.001和P<0.001),BCL2强阳性/P53阳性的病例(5例)预后最差(3年OS率和PFS率均为0);无论BCL6与P53表达如何,BCL2强阳性的病例预后均比非强阳性病例差。 结论 BCL6阴性、P53阳性、BCL2强阳性三种免疫表型单独及联合表达对DLBCL尤其是年龄≤60岁和IPI 0~2分患者的预后预测具有一定价值。
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Xue C, Chen X, Lin K, Tong Y, Wang X. Identification of Notch signaling pathway gene mutations as a prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4307-4320. [PMID: 34338007 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The authors aimed to identify Notch signaling pathway gene mutations as a prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer. Methods: First, critical Notch signaling pathway genes were screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas and validation sets. Second, immune infiltration, protein-protein interaction network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis analyses were performed. Finally, potential immunotherapy drug targets were screened using T-cell receptors, B-cell receptors and CERES scores for bladder cancer. Results: The NOTCH7 gene was identified, with a significant difference in immune infiltration level between mutant and wild type in bladder cancer, mainly related to T cells. NOTCH7 was an immunotherapy prognostic factor, and IRF1 and B2M were the potential drug targets for NOTCH7 mutation in bladder cancer. Conclusion: NOTCH7 gene mutation can be used as an immunotherapy biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Ji GW, Wang K, Xia YX, Li XC, Wang XH. [Application value of machine learning algorithms for predicting recurrence after resection of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2021; 59:679-685. [PMID: 34192861 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20201026-00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the performance of multiple machine learning algorithms in predicting recurrence after resection of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods: Clinical data of 882 early-stage HCC patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from May 2009 to December 2019 and treated with curative surgical resection were retrospectively collected. There were 701 males and 181 females,with an age of (57.3±10.5)years(range:21 to 86 years). All patients were randomly assigned in a 2∶1 ratio, the training dataset consisted of 588 patients and the test dataset consisted of 294 patients. The construction of machine learning-based prediction models included random survival forest(RSF),gradient boosting machine,elastic net regression and Cox regression model. The prediction accuracy of the model was measured by the concordance index(C-index). The prediction error of the model was measured by the integrated Brier score. Model fit was assessed by the calibration plot. The performance of machine learning models with that of rival model and HCC staging systems was compared. All models were validated in the independent test dataset. Results: Median recurrence-free survival was 61.7 months in the training dataset while median recurrence-free survival was 61.9 months in the validation dataset, there was no significant difference between two datasets in terms of recurrence-free survival(χ²=0.029,P=0.865). The RSF model consisted of 5 commonly used clinicopathological characteristics, including albumin-bilirubin grade,serum alpha fetoprotein,tumor number,type of hepatectomy and microvascular invasion. In both training and test datasets,the RSF model provided the best prediction accuracy,with respective C-index of 0.758(95%CI:0.725 to 0.791) and 0.749(95%CI:0.700 to 0.797),and the lowest prediction error,with respective integrated Brier score of 0.171 and 0.151. The prediction accuracy of RSF model for recurrence after resection of early-stage HCC was superior to that of other machine learning models,rival model(ERASL model) as well as HCC staging systems(BCLC,CNLC and TNM staging),with statistically significant difference(P<0.01). Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between RSF model-predicted probabilities and observed outcomes.All patients could be stratified into low-risk,intermediate-risk or high-risk group based on RSF model;statistically significant differences among three risk groups were observed in both training and test datasets(P<0.01). The risk stratification of RSF model was superior to that of TNM staging. Conclusion: The proposed RSF model assembled with 5 commonly used clinicopathological characteristics in this study can predict the recurrence risk with favorable accuracy that may facilitate clinical decision-support for patients with early-stage HCC.
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Shang YF, Liu T, Yu JN, Xu XR, Zahid KR, Wei YC, Wang XH, Zhou FL. Half-year follow-up of patients recovering from severe COVID-19: Analysis of symptoms and their risk factors. J Intern Med 2021; 290:444-450. [PMID: 33904618 PMCID: PMC8242565 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the sequelae of COVID-19. METHODS We followed up 1174 patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)who were recovered and discharged for 6 months. RESULTS There were 175 cases with clear IgG results 6 months after discharge, of which 82 (46.9%) were IgG (+) and 16 (9.1%) were IgG (dim+). Four hundred and forty-one participants (55.4%) had some kind of sequelae. The most common symptoms were fatigue (25.3%), sleep disorder (23.2%) and shortness of breath (20.4%). In those who had sequelae, 262 (59.4%) had more than one symptom. Critical cases were more likely to have cough (20.5% vs 11.6%, p = 0.023) and hypomnesis (15.1% vs 8.0%, p = 0.041) than severe cases. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that women are more likely to have multiple symptoms (p = 0.002), fatigue (p = 0.009) and sleep disorder (p = 0.008), whereas critical illness was found as independent risk factor for hypomnesis (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the duration of antibody and sequelae of COVID-19 and compared the differences amongst different populations.
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Wang XH, Liu T, Lin X, Zhai M, Ji DL, Gao H. [The Ophthalmology-centered medical industry in Suzhou in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties - from the Painting Album of Cityscapes and Business]. ZHONGHUA YI SHI ZA ZHI (BEIJING, CHINA : 1980) 2021; 51:195-200. [PMID: 34645115 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20210120-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Painting Album of Cityscapes and Business was finished in the early Qing Dynasty with realism. This painting album described the prosperity in business and everyday life in Suzhou during the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasties. They were drawn and painted retrospectively, ie, the content of the pictures was based on existing paintings handed down. In the painting album, more than ten medical-related elements were specifically depicted, such as traditional Chinese medicine clinics and pharmacies and seven ophthalmology-related elements including one clinic specialized in ophthalmology, two spectacle shops, two people wearing eyeglasses and three blind people. Up to now, no specialized ophthalmology clinics and spectacle shops have been found in earlier literature and paintings. It can be speculated that the Painting Album of Cityscapes and Business is the earliest album of paintings depicting clinics specialized in ophthalmology and spectacle shops in China. This painting album provides important information for the study of the medical industry in Suzhou in the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasties, particularly, in terms of ophthalmology-related diagnosis and treatment.
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Wang WT, Wang XH, He B, Shen N. [Imaging phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on biphasic quantitative CT features]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 101:2242-2245. [PMID: 34333939 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20201223-03443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis was performed on the biphasic CT of 40 patients [43-80 (66.1±9.0) years old, including 37 males] with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to measure the percentage of emphysema (Emph%); the percentage of small airway disease (SAD%) and the square root of the wall area of hypothetical airway with internal perimeter of 10 mm (Pi10). Based on the cluster analysis of Emph%, SAD% and Pi10, the patients were divided into five imaging phenotypes including no obvious imaging abnormality type (n=11), small airway disease-dominant type (n=9), bronchial wall thickening-dominant type (n=8), emphysema-dominant type (n=6) and mixed type (n=6). Patients with the same Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade had similar degree of airflow limitation, but the lesion components were not identical. Being different from the traditional imaging classification, even in the cases of mild emphysema, they can be further divided into small airway disease-dominant type and bronchial wall thickening-dominant type according to the difference of airway disease.
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Xue EC, Wang SY, Zheng HC, Wang MY, Wang XH, Chen X, Jiang J, Li J, Li N, Zhou ZB, Zhu HP, Wu T. [Progress in genetic epidemiology of non-syndromic cleft palate only]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:1133-1138. [PMID: 34814521 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200409-00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common birth defects is cleft palate only (CPO) of which non-syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) accounts for 50%. NSCPO is a complex disease where multiple genes and environmental factors contribute to its risk. Unlike non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), previous genome-wide association studies only identified a few common genetic variations achieving genome-wide significance. This review summarizes the recent findings on genetic epidemiology of NSCPO. According to the current evidence, the candidate genes are divided into three categories: candidate genes with strong evidence, candidate genes with suggestive evidence, and candidate genes with inadequate evidence. The findings of epigenetic studies, the next generation sequencing studies, interaction analysis on NSCPO are also reviewed.
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Song TY, Deng J, Fang F, Chen CH, Wang XH, Wang X, Zhuo XW, Dai LF, Wang HM, Tian XJ. [The etiology of 340 infants with early-onset epilepsy]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2021; 59:387-392. [PMID: 33902223 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20201016-00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the etiology of epilepsy onset before 6 months old and improve clinical understanding. Methods: The medical history, electroencephalogram, brain imaging, genetic examination and other clinical data of 340 patients who were diagnosed with epilepsy with onset under 6 months of age and were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Rank sum test was used to compare the ages of onset of different etiologic groups. Results: Of the 340 patients, 196 were males and 144 were females. The age of onset was 90.5 (48.0, 135.5) days. In the 250 (73.5%) underwent genetic test, 103 (41.2%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, involving 43 single gene variants and 2 chromosomal abnormalities. Seventy-nine patients (23.2%) had genetic etiology, 66 (19.4%) had structural etiology, 19 (5.6%) had metabolic etiology, 13 (3.8%) had multiple etiologies, and 163 (47.9%) had unknown etiology. In the 79 cases with genetic etiology, 30 single gene variants were detected, including 19 cases of PRRT2, 10 cases of KCNQ2, 7 cases of SCN1A, 6 cases of SCN2A, 6 cases of STXBP1, 5 cases of CDKL5, 2 cases of ARX, and 1 case of each of 23 gene variants. Two cases had chromosomal abnormalities which were 21-trisomy and 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome respectively. Among the 66 cases with structural etiologies, 37 cases had acquired factors such as perinatal brain injury, 28 cases had congenital factors such as cortical malformation and 1 case was perinatal brain injury combined megalencephaly. The onset age of genetic etiology was 95 (26, 128) days, that of structural etiology was 90 (58, 30) days, and that of metabolic etiology was 57 (30, 90) days. The onset age of metabolic etiology was earlier than that of structural etiology (U=436.500, P=0.044). Conclusions: Genetic etiology is the most common defined etiology of infants with early-onset epilepsy aged 0-6 months, and there are certain differences in the age of onset between different etiologies. Proper application of genetic test is helpful to identify the etiology and guide treatment.
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Xia YX, Zhang F, Li XC, Kong LB, Zhang H, Li DH, Cheng F, Pu LY, Zhang CY, Qian XF, Wang P, Wang K, Wu ZS, Lyu L, Rao JH, Wu XF, Yao AH, Shao WY, Fan Y, You W, Dai XZ, Qin JJ, Li MY, Zhu Q, Wang XH. [Surgical treatment of primary liver cancer:a report of 10 966 cases]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2021; 59:6-17. [PMID: 33412628 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20201110-00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of primary liver cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 10 966 surgically managed cases with primary liver cancer, from January 1986 to December 2019 at Hepatobiliary Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate and postoperative recurrence rate. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival process of different groups, and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. In addition, 2 884 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with more detailed follow-up data from 2009 to 2019 were selected for survival analysis. Among 2 549 patients treated with hepatectomy, there were 2 107 males and 442 females, with an age of (56.6±11.1) years (range: 20 to 86 years). Among 335 patients treated with liver transplantation, there were 292 males and 43 females, with an age of (51.0±9.7) years (range: 21 to 73 years). The outcomes of hepatectomy versus liver transplantation, anatomic versus non-anatomic hepatectomy were compared, respectively. Results: Of the 10 966 patients with primary liver cancer, 10 331 patients underwent hepatectomy and 635 patients underwent liver transplantation. Patients with liver resection were categorized into three groups: 1986-1995(712 cases), 1996-2008(3 988 cases), 2009‒2019(5 631 cases). The 5-year overall survival rate was 32.9% in the first group(1986-1995). The 5-year overall survival rate of resected primary liver cancer was 51.7% in the third group(2009-2019), among which the 5-year overal survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and mixed liver cancer were 57.4%, 26.6% and 50.6%, respectively. Further analysis was performed on 2 549 HCC patients with primary hepatectomy. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates were 88.1%, 71.9%, 60.0%, and 41.0%, respectively, and the perioperative mortality rate was 1.0%. Two hundred and forty-seven HCC patients underwent primary liver transplantation, with 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates of 84.0%, 64.8%, 61.9%, and 57.6%, respectively. Eighty-eight HCC patients underwent salvage liver transplantation, with the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates of 86.8%, 65.2%, 52.5%, and 52.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the two groups with liver transplantation (P>0.05). Comparing the overall survival rates and recurrence rates of primary hepatectomy (2 549 cases) with primary liver transplantation (247 cases), the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates in patients within Milan criteria treated with hepatectomy and transplantation were 96.3%, 87.1%, 76.9%, 54.7%, and 95.4%, 79.4%, 77.4%, 71.7%, respectively (P=0.754). The 1-, 3-, 5-year recurrence rates were 16.3%, 35.9%, 47.6% and 8.1%, 11.7%, 13.9%, respectively(P<0.01). The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-year overall survival rates in patients with no large vessels invasion beyond the Milan criteria treated with liver resection and transplantation were 87.2%, 65.9%, 53.0%, 33.0% and 87.6%, 71.8%, 71.8%, 69.3%, respectively(P=0.003); the 1-, 3-, 5-year recurrence rate were 39.2%, 57.8%, 69.7% and 29.7%, 36.7%, 36.7%, respectively (P<0.01). The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates in patients with large vessels invasion treated with liver resection and transplantation were 62.1%, 36.1%, 22.2%, 15.0% and 62.9%, 31.8%,19.9%, 0, respectively (P=0.387); the 1-, 3-, 5-year recurrence rates were 61.5%, 74.7%, 80.8% and 59.7%, 82.9%, 87.2%, respectively(P=0.909). Independent prognostic factors for both overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates of HCC patients treated with liver resection included gender, neoadjuvant therapy, symptoms, AST, intraoperative or postoperative blood transfusion, tumor number, tumor size, cirrhosis, macrovascular invasion, microvascular invasion, and pathological differentiation. Propensity score matching analysis of 443 pairs further showed that there was no significant difference in overall survival rate between anatomical liver resection and non-anatomical liver resection(P=0.895), but the recurrence rate of non-anatomical liver resection was higher than that of anatomical liver resection(P=0.035). Conclusions: In the past decade, the overall survival rate of HCC undergoing surgical treatment is significantly higher than before. For HCC patients with good liver function reservation, surgical resection can be performed first, and salvage liver transplantation can be performed after recurrence. The effect of salvage liver transplantation is comparable to that of primary liver transplantation. As for the choice of liver resection approaches, non-anatomical resection can reserve more liver tissue and can be selected as long as the negative margin is guaranteed.
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Li Y, Wang XJ, Li YN, Wang XH, Shi YQ, Chen M. [Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of primary intestinal extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 41:818-821. [PMID: 33190438 PMCID: PMC7656077 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical features and survival analysis of primary intestinal extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type(ENKTL). Methods: Patients with intestinal lymphoma at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University were collected from January 2009 to December 2019, and those with primary intestinal ENKTL screened. The general situation, main symptoms, ECOG scale, lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), and β(2)-microglobulin(β(2)-MG)in the serum, lesion site and form, numbers of extranodal invasion, Lugano stage, pathological features, and lifetime and survival outcomes were evaluated. Results: In total, 34 patients with confirmed diagnosis of primary intestinal ENKTL were identified. The incidence rate of primary intestinal ENKTL is 16.2% (34/210). A total of 26 patients were men and 8 were women with the median age at diagnosis of 45 (range, 20-69)years and patients younger than 60 years account for 85.3%. It included abdominal pain (76.5%), diarrhea(20.6%), hematochezia(29.4%), and abdominal mass(2.9%), 85.3% with B-symptoms, and abnormally elevated LDH in the serum(73.5%). The lesion sites included large intestine(52.9%), small intestine(29.4%), and both of them(17.7%). The lesion forms were featured by mass(8.8%), ulcer(32.4%), diffuse infiltration(2.9%), and hybrid(55.9%). Lugano stage included stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ (70.6%)24 patients and stage Ⅳ(29.4%)10 patients. About 94.1% patients were EBER positive. The median survival time was 60 days. The overall survival rate had significant differences on ECOG scale, LDH in the serum, IPI score and complications(P=0.037, 0.009, 0.002, and 0.000, respectively). Conclusion: Primary intestinal ENKTL was commonly observed in men at young or middle age, and the most common symptom was abdominal pain, often with B-symptoms, abnormally elevated LDH in the serum. The most common site was the large intestine. The lesion forms were mainly featured by the hybrid and ulcer. It seemed that patients with IPI low-risk group and without any complication would have longer survival time.
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Xu YW, Xu ZD, An R, Zhang H, Wang XH. Revealing the synergistic mechanism of Shenfu Decoction for anti-heart failure through network pharmacology strategy. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:536-549. [PMID: 32616194 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the targets and synergistic mechanism of Shenfu Decoction (SFD) in the treatment of heart failure. A heart failure animal models was established to evaluate the pharmacological effects of SFD for anti-heart failure, then constructed ingredient-target interaction network by developing ingredient and target databases, the Discovery sdudio software was used for molecular docking. In addition, we validated the predicted protein targets of active ingredients in SFD by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. Our results demonstrated that SFD could enhance ejection fraction, alleviate myocardial histopathological characteristics, and reduce the level of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), aldosterone (ALD), atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and Renin (REN) in heart failure rat model. In addition, the ingredient database including 349 constituents and target database including 236 proteins were established, and 75 proteins were screened and identified by molecular docking strategy. 22 core target proteins were identified through network pharmacology, and the component-core target network was constructed. Finally, the affinity between the compounds and targets were verified by the SPR analysis method. The present study suggested that SFD may act on ACE 2, REN, ACE, ICAM-1, EGF, HTR2B, PARP1, NPPB and other proteins through AC, BAC, ACN, Re, Rg1, Rb1 to exert synergistic effects against heart failure.
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Pan W, Zhao JL, Xu J, Zhang M, Fang T, Yan J, Wang XH, Zhou Q. Lumbar alignment and patient-reported outcomes after single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with and without local coronal imbalance. J Neurosurg Spine 2020:1-7. [PMID: 33276333 DOI: 10.3171/2020.7.spine20703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the preoperative radiographic features of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) with and without local coronal imbalance (LCI) and to investigate the surgical outcomes of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of DLS with LCI at the spondylolisthesis level. DLS with scoliotic disc wedging and/or lateral listhesis at the same involved segment, as well as LCI, constitutes a distinct subgroup. However, previous studies concerning surgical outcomes focused mainly on sagittal profiles. There is a paucity of valid data regarding lumbar coronal alignment and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after surgery in DLS with LCI. METHODS The authors reviewed consecutive patients who received TLIF for L4/5 DLS between 2009 and 2018. Patients were assigned to the LCI and non-LCI groups based on preoperative radiographs. Demographics, radiographic parameters related to both sagittal and coronal alignment, and PROs were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS There were 21 patients in the LCI and 80 in the non-LCI group. Compared with the non-LCI group, the LCI group was characterized by lower preoperative lumbar lordosis on sagittal alignment (38.3° vs 43.7°, p < 0.05), higher lumbar Cobb angle on coronal alignment (12.4° vs 5.1°, p < 0.05), and worse lumbar coronal balance (18.5 mm vs 6.8 mm, p < 0.05). After surgery, lumbar alignment in the sagittal and coronal planes was significantly improved in the LCI group, whereas no significant changes occurred in the non-LCI group. Scores on the preoperative Oswestry Disability Index and the visual analog scale for back pain and leg pain scores were significantly higher in the LCI group, whereas no differences were found between the 2 groups in the postoperative evaluation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DLS with LCI constitutes a distinct subgroup characterized by coronal malalignment and loss of whole lumbar lordosis, which may result in worse PROs. The TLIF procedure allows the reconstruction of the coronal and sagittal lumbar profile and achievement of satisfactory PROs.
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Qiu ML, Xie Y, Wang XH, Wang XQ, Zhao DB, Zhou HQ, Zhou YQ, Yan L, Liang BL, Shen HL, Cao SY, Ding Y, Gu JR, Zeng XF, Yang KH. [Practice guideline for patients with osteoporosis]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 2020; 59:953-959. [PMID: 33256336 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20200904-00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, osteoporosis (OP) has become one of the main diseases affecting the health of middle-aged and elderly people in China, and the prevalence of OP has increased significantly. The clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines for this disease are also constantly updated. The overall principles speciallyemphasise that doctors and patients need to work together to negotiate the details of the diagnosis and treatment guidelines, in order to improve the OP clinical diagnosis and treatment rate. Therefore, patients' knowledge of the disease, understanding of clinical guidelines, and cooperation with doctors to implement diagnosis and treatment plans are very important. In this study, from the most concerned issues of the patients, we established the OP patient practice guideline working group. 14 recommendations, as the OP patient practice guidelines, are proposed in accordance with the relevant principles of the "World Health Organization guidelines development manual" and the international normative process.
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Jiang HF, Deng J, Fang F, Li H, Wang XH, Dai LF. [Early onset epileptic encephalopathy caused by mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA synthetase gene deficiency: report of two cases and literature review]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2020; 58:893-899. [PMID: 33120460 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20200716-00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the clinical features of two early onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) patients with arginyl-tRNA synthetase (RARS2) gene variations and to review related literature. Methods: The clinical data and genetic features of two pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 (PCH6) patients with RARS2 variation diagnosed by the Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. A literature search with "RARS2" "pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6" and "early onset epileptic encephalopathy" as key words was conducted at China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and PubMed (up to May 2020), literature about RARS2 gene variation patients and their complete clinical data were chosen and reviewed. Results: The onset age of the two cases (1 male, 1 female) were 2 months and 29 days respectively and the early onset symptom of them was epileptic encephalopathy. The main symptoms included seizures, development delay, microcephaly and lactic acidosis. In addition to these symptoms, the female also had dyspnea, hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis after birth. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the two patients were normal at first. Follow up at four-month (case 1) and eight-month (case 2) MRI showed atrophy of cerebral and cerebellar, but the pons was not affected. All four heterozygous variations in RARS2 gene revealed by whole-exome sequencing (p.Arg560His and p.Arg6His from case 1, p.Arg254Trp and p.Phe5Ser from case 2) were novel. No eligible reports were found in Chinese journals, while 17 reports were found in English literature. Excluded cases with incomplete data together with these two cases, a total of 34 patients from 20 families were found. All patients had developmental delay while 94% (32/34) patients showed the initial symptoms within 3 months, 93% (28/30) patients were diagnosed as epilepsy, 89% (25/28) patients had progressively microcephaly and 52% (16/31) cases did not show the pons atrophy on brain MRI. Twenty of 28 cases (71%) were refractory epilepsy. There were 31 types of gene variations and most of them were missense variations (21/31, 68%). Conclusions: The majority of PCH6 cases caused by RARS2 gene variation show the initial symptoms within 3 months, characterized by EOEE, most of them are refractory epilepsy, accompanied by developmental delay, microcephaly and increased lactic acid. Brain MRI indicates progressive cerebral or pontocerebellar atrophy.
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Wang XH, Li SY, Dan XL, Cai DC. [A case of alcoholic liver failure combined with leukemoid reaction]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2020; 28:882-884. [PMID: 33105935 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20200717-00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sun M, Li H, Zhou XL, Wang XH, Nie HX, Li X, Zhang HM. [Association of Urinary Phenol Concentration and Blood Biochemical Indices in Coke Oven Workers]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2020; 38:440-443. [PMID: 32629575 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20191212-00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association of urinary phenol concentration and blood biochemical indices in coke oven workers. Methods: From April to may 2019, we investigated 771 employing coke oven workers from a coke plant in Taiyuan city, and categorized into benzene-exposed group (n=402) and control group (n=369) based on their benzene exposures in workplace and urophenol concentrations. All subjects were interviewed face-to-face using a questionnaire including name, age (year) , gender, smoking and drinking habits, personal vocational history, working length (year) , and occupational protection, etc. Post-shift urine samples detected using a gas chromatography-hydrogen flame ionization detector. Fasting venous blood was drawn in the morning and centrifuged, the separated serum were detected the following items using an automatic blood biochemistry analyzer. Covariance and multiple linear regression were used to test the association of urinary phenol concentration and the levels of all the blood biochemical indices. Results: The subjects were predominantly males (n=719, 93.3%) , with an average age of (42.3±8.2) years and an average working length of (20.6±8.2) years. Compared with the control group, the benzene-exposed group were significantly different in age, working length of years, gender, smoking and drinking habits (P<0.05) . The median (interquartile interval) concentration of urinary phenol was 6.00 (0.00-33.00) μg/ml in the benzene-exposed group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) . Covariance analysis indicated that the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and high density cholesterol in the benzene-exposed group were significantly reduced compared with the control group, yet the serum creatinine, serum uric acid and triglyceride were significantly increased (P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression showed that, an increase of each natural logarithm (Ln) transformed urinary phenol concentration was significantly associated with increases in serum uric acid level [9.82 (95%CI: 2.18-17.47) μmol/L] and cholesterol level[0.10 (95%CI:0.00-0.20) mmol/L]. An increase of each Ln-transformed accumulated benzene exposure levels was significantly associated with an increase in total cholesterol level[0.09 (95%CI: 0.01-0.17) mmol/L]. Conclusion: Occupational benzene exposure is possibly related to the variation of purine and total cholesterol metabolism in coke oven workers.
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Zheng BQ, Yan YL, Ou M, Wang XH. Successful treatment of acquired cutis laxa with urticarial eruption by diphenyl sulfone. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:599-603. [PMID: 33058256 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang XH, Teng MZ, Liu Q, Bao J, Zhuang RJ, Wang XY. Mechanism of complement activation on cardiac immune and inflammatory response caused by ischemic postconditioning in acute myocardial infarction. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:1763-1769. [PMID: 33164480 DOI: 10.23812/20-229-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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