Association between Cognitive Frailty and Adverse Outcomes among Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVES

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to pool the effect size of the association between cognitive frailty and adverse outcomes (e.g., falls, disability, and hospitalization) among older adults.

DESIGN

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Embase were searched from their respective inceptions to June 1, 2022. We extracted prospective cohort studies that reported the association between cognitive frailty and adverse outcomes. Random or fixed-effects models based on heterogeneity were used to pool the effect sizes of independent associations of cognitive frailty, frailty only, and cognitive impairment only with each adverse outcome.

RESULTS

Fifteen studies involving 49,122 older adults were included in the meta-analysis. Older adults with cognitive frailty had higher odds ratios (OR) for falls (1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-2.58), disability (3.17, 95%CI: 2.24-4.48), and hospitalization (1.78, 95%CI: 1.48-2.14) compared with those without frailty and cognitive impairment. Older adults with frailty only demonstrated a high risk for falls (pooled OR 1.76, 95%CI: 1.25-2.48), disability (pooled OR 1.82, 95%CI: 1.43-2.33), and hospitalization (pooled OR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.45-1.85). The influence of cognitive impairment only on adverse outcomes was lower compared with cognitive frailty or frailty. Subgroup analyses showed that those with cognitive frailty (defined by the frailty phenotype plus Mini-Mental State Examination) were at greater risk for developing adverse outcomes.

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicate that cognitive frailty is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes (e.g., falls, disability, and hospitalization). Early screening and comprehensive intervention may improve cognitive frailty and reduce the risk for adverse outcomes among older adults.

A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Reveals the Structure of Sex Determining Regions

The Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is a fascinating taxon for evolutionary and ecological research. It is an important food fish and one of the most widely distributed tilapias. Because males grow faster than females, genetically male tilapia are preferred in aquaculture. However, studies of sex determination and sex control in O. mossambicus have been hindered by the limited characterization of the genome. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality genome of O. mossambicus, using a combination of high coverage of Illumina and Nanopore reads, coupled with Hi-C and RNA-Seq data. Our genome assembly spans 1,007 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 11.38 Mb. We successfully anchored and oriented 98.6% of the genome on 22 linkage groups (LGs). Based on re-sequencing data for male and female fishes from three families, O. mossambicus segregates both an XY system on LG14 and a ZW system on LG3. The sex-patterned SNPs shared by two XY families narrowed the sex determining regions to ∼3 Mb on LG14. The shared sex-patterned SNPs included two deleterious missense mutations in ahnak and rhbdd1, indicating the possible roles of these two genes in sex determination. This annotated chromosome-level genome assembly and identification of sex determining regions represents a valuable resource to help understand the evolution of genetic sex determination in tilapias.

[Effect of perioperative accelerated rehabilitation management program for children with congenital spinal deformity]

Objective: To explore the perioperative therapeutic effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in children with congenital spinal deformity and summarize the clinical experience. Methods: Fifty-nine pediatric patients with congenital spinal deformities admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital from May 2020 to January 2021 were included in this study, and all patients underwent posterior spinal osteotomy orthopedic implant fusion with internal fixation. There were 22 males and 37 females, aged (7.4±4.1) years. Patients were divided into ERAS group (n=29) and control group (n=30) according to the management model. Patients in the ERAS group were managed with an accelerated recovery management model during the perioperative period, which mainly included: high protein diet, shortened fasting time, optimized anesthesia protocol, and multimodal analgesia. Patients in the control group received the traditional perioperative management model. The indexes of surgery, diet, pain score and laboratory tests were compared between the two groups. Results: All patients completed the surgery successfully. The mean temperature and pain scores of patients in the ERAS group were lower than those in the control group at 3 days postoperatively (P<0.05). The time to exhaustion and defecation in the ERAS group was (1.0±0.8) d and (2.5±0.9) d postoperatively, both significantly earlier than those in the control group ((3.4±0.8) d and (4.0±1.1) d) (both P<0.05). C-reactive protein was 38(8,46) mg/L in patients of the ERAS group on the day 3 postoperatively, which was significantly lower than that in the control group 47(22,93) mg/L (P=0.023). The hemoglobin level on postoperative day 3 was (110.7±9.6) g/L in the ERAS group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group ((104.5±11.4) g/L) (P=0.029). Postoperative complications occurred in 8(27.6%) and 9(30.0%) patients in the ERAS and control groups, respectively (P=1.000), with mild abdominal pain and bloating being the most common complications in both groups, most of which were not treated specifically. Conclusion: ERAS is a safe and effective perioperative management mode for children with congenital spinal deformity. Compared with the traditional method, it can significantly improve the treatment efficiency and deserve clinical application.

Nile tilapia Toll-like receptor 7 subfamily: Intracellular TLRs that recruit MyD88 as an adaptor and activate the NF-κB pathway in the immune response

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) subfamily members are important pattern recognition receptors that participate in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In the present study, three TLR family members, OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9, were identified in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. TLR7-, TLR8-and TLR9-deduced proteins have typical structural characteristics of TLRs, including Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and transmembrane region (TM). OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9 were broadly expressed in all of the tissues tested, with the highest expression levels in the brain (TLR7) and spleen (TLR8 and TLR9). Moreover, the expression levels of OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9 were significantly increased in most tested tissues after Streptococcus agalactiae infection in vivo. After LPS stimulation, OnTLR7 and OnTLR9 mRNA expression levels were downregulated in the intestine and upregulated in the liver, spleen and kidney; however, OnTLR8 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the kidney only after LPS stimulation for 5 d. After Poly I:C stimulation, OnTLR7 and OnTLR9 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the intestine, liver, spleen and kidney, and the highest expression was found in the liver, while OnTLR8 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the intestine, liver and kidney and downregulated in the spleen. Subcellular localization of OnTLR7, OnTLR8, and OnTLR9 in 293T cells showed that OnTLR9 was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus while OnTLR8 and OnTLR7 were distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9 in 293T cells had no significant effect on the activity of NF-κB, but they could significantly enhance MyD88-mediated NF-κB activity after cotransfection with MyD88. Pulldown assays showed that OnTLR7, OnTLR8, and OnTLR9 could interact with OnMyD88. Taken together, these results indicate that TLR7 subfamily genes play a role in the immune response to pathogen invasion of Nile tilapia.

Turning Instrument Background Into Science Data for Structural Features of Radiation Belts

Approaches regarding how to turn the instrument background counts into scientifically valuable data are presented in this Technical Report on Methods. The background counts due to penetrating energetic particles of radiation belts detected on Cluster CIS HIA and CODIF instruments and the Double Star HIA instrument are used in these approaches. In HIA spectrograms, the background counts are seen simultaneously in all energy channels marking the entry and exit of the radiation belts by the spacecraft, therefore, the locations of the boundaries of the outer and inner belts can be determined. In the case when HIA measurements are not readily available, a new method is proposed in which supplementary data streams within the CODIF telemetry is exploited. It employs separate counts that register "start," "stop," and "non-valid" signals increasing in the presence of penetrating particles even when no corresponding increase are shown in the energy-time spectrograms. The locations of the radiation belt boundaries are defined by following the changes in counts gradients with time and visual inspection of all the available measurements. The July-August 2007 and September-October 2012 time periods are analyzed for method demonstration on a presence of a third radiation belt, or storage ring.

[Study on serum metabolomics of combined injury induced by gas explosion in rats]

Objective: To analyze the changes of serum metabolomics in rats with combined injuries caused by gas explosion and explore its possible mechanism. Methods: In April 2018, the large coal mine gas explosion test roadway and explosion test system were used to simulate the gas explosion experiment. All 32 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, control group (not involved in the explosion) , close range (40 m) group, medium range (160 m) group and long range (240 m) group, 8 in each group. The respiratory function at 2 hours and the neural behavior at 48 hours were detected after the explosion. The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed after 48 hours, and the serum, lung, liver and other tissues of the rats were isolated and histopathological changes of lung and liver tissues were observed by HE staining. Serum samples were detected by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap Elite/MS) , and metabolic spectrum differences between groups were evaluated by principal component analysis. Differential metabolites were screened and identified, and metabolic pathways were analyzed. Results: Compared with control group, respiratory function indexes (respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory flow rate, peak expiratory flow rate and 1/2 tidal volume expiratory flow) of rats in different explosion groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05) , but respiration pause, inspiratory time and 2/3 tidal volume required time were significantly increased (P<0.05) in 2 hours after the explosion. However, the residence times of the neurobehavioral indicators of the 40 m group and 160 m group were significantly increased (P<0.05) , and the movement distances were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in 48 hours after the explosion. HE staining results showed that the lung and liver tissues of the rats in the gas explosion group structurally damaged, and the cells were disordered, with inflammatory cell infiltration, bleeding and edema. Metabonomics analysis showed that there were significant differences in metabolic profiles between groups. A total of 18 differential metabolites were identified in serum samples, including aconitum acid, citric acid, niacinamide and pyruvate, which involved in 12 major metabolic pathways, including the glutamic acid and glutamine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism, citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) . Conclusion: Gas explosion can cause multi-organ system damage in rats, the mechanism of which may be related to the biosynthesis of alanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, metabolism of niacin and niacinamide, metabolism of acetaldehyde and dicarboxylic acid, and TCA cycle, etc.

Functional characterization of two diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 genes in Mortierella alpina

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a crucial enzyme in the triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis pathway. The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina can accumulate large amounts of arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4) in the form of TAG. Therefore, it is important to study the functional characteristics of its DGAT. Two putative genes MaDGAT1A/1B encoding DGAT1 were identified in M. alpina ATCC 32222 genome by sequence alignment. Sequence alignment with identified DGAT1 homologs showed that MaDGAT1A/1B contain seven conserved motifs that are characteristic of the DGAT1 subfamily. Conserved domain analysis showed that both MaDGAT1A and MaDGAT1B belong to the Membrane-bound O-acyltransferases superfamily. The transforming with MaDGAT1A/1B genes could increase the accumulation of TAG in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 4·47 and 7·48% of dry cell weight, which was 7·3-fold and 12·3-fold of the control group, respectively, but has no effect on the proportion of fatty acids in TAG. This study showed that MaDGAT1A/1B could effectively promote the accumulation of TAG and therefore may be used in metabolic engineering aimed to increase TAG production of oleaginous fungi.

Function analysis of a cotton R2R3 MYB transcription factor GhMYB3 in regulating plant trichome development

Cotton is an important fibre-producing crop. Cotton fibres consist of highly elongated trichomes derived from the ovule. To improve the quality of cotton, it is necessary to identify the genes regulating fibre development. GhMYB3 was identified through bioinfomatic analysis and introduced to Arabidopsis and cotton to observe the phenotype. Protein inteaction and promoter bingding assays were conducted to explore the role of GhMYB3 in trichome fibre growth. Cotton fibre development might share a similar regulatory mechanism to Arabidopsis leaf trichomes, which is determined by the essential regulatory complex, MYB-bHLH-WD40. The GL1-like R2R3 MYB transcription factor GhMYB3 interacts with the AtGL3 protein involved in Arabidopsis trichome development. Ectopic expression of GhMYB3 could rescue the glabrous phenotype of the Arabidopsis gl1 mutant and produced more ectopic trichomes on inflorescence stems and floral organs, confirming its orthologous function in plant trichome development. The expression of GhMYB3 increased in response to exogenous gibberellin (GA₃ ), auxin (IAA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Overexpression of this gene in cotton leads to a slight increase in fibre length and lint percentage, possibly by activating the transcription of its downstream gene GhRDL1 or other fibre-related genes. The results increase our understanding of the key role of GhMYB3 in positively controlling plant trichome development, and this gene could be a potential target for molecular breeding in cotton.

[Surveillance of Culex mosquitoes in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2019]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the distribution and density of Culex mosquito populations and the resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to insecticides in Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019.

METHODS

During the period from June to October in 2018 and 2019, six counties (districts, cities) were sampled in southern, northern and central Jiangsu Province as surveillance sites. The density of Culex mosquitoes was measured overnight using the light trapping technique. In addition, Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes were collected from Hai'an of Nantong City and Yandu District of Yancheng City, central Jiangsu Province, and the sensitivity of female first filial generations to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), malation, proposur, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin was tested using the standard WHO insecticide susceptibility test assay.

RESULTS

A total of 104 423 Culex mosquitoes were captured in six surveillance sites of Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019, and Culex quinquefasciatus (49.11%), Culex pipiens pallens (28.38%), and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (21.04%) were predominant species. The density of Culex mosquitoes started to increase since early June, peaked in July and tended to be low in late October. Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes captured from Hai'an was susceptible to malation, while those from Yandu District were moderately resistant to malation. Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes from both Yandu and Hai'an were moderately resistant to proposur, and were resistant to DDT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin.

CONCLUSIONS

Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus are predominant Culex species in Jiangsu Province. Culex pipiens pallens is resistant to DT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin in central Jiangsu Province.

[Application effects of free transplantation of autologous omentum in treating maxillofacial infection complicated with complex sinus tract]

Objective: To investigate the application effects of free transplantation of autologous omentum in treating maxillofacial infection complicated with complex sinus tract. Methods: The retrospective observational study method was used. Four patients with maxillofacial infection complicated with complex sinus tract were admitted to Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from July 2017 to the December 2019, including 3 males and 1 female aged 36-60 years. Preoperative facial computed tomography (CT) was performed on patients for calculating the volume of sinus tract. During the operation, the sinus tract was thoroughly debrided, and the volume of the tissue defect was about 5 cm×3 cm×2 cm-10 cm×5 cm×3 cm after debridement. The tissue defect area was filled with omentum of 100-300 mL which was cut under laparoscopy. The artery and vein on the right side of the omentum were reserved as the vascular pedicle of the donor area, which were anastomosed with the facial artery and external jugular vein of the recipient area. The survival of omentum, and the occurrences of reinfection and complication were observed after operation, respectively. On the 10th day and in 1 month after the operation, the blood supply of omentum was examined by colored Doppler ultrasound and CT angiography, and the filling of tissue defect area was examined by head and face CT. During follow-up after the operation, the recoveries of face appearance and function and scar hyperplasia in the donor area. Results: The transplanted omentums in 4 patients survived after the operation with no reinfection and complication. On the 10th day and in 1 month after the operation, the transplanted omentums had good blood supply, and the filled area with omentum was in good shape, without formation of dead cavity. During follow-up of 6-10 months after surgery, the appearance and function of face recovered well, and there was no obvious scar hyperplasia in the donor area. Conclusions: After free transplantation of omentum in treating maxillofacial infection with complex sinus tract, the patients have good facial appearance and function, and the application of laparoscopy results in little damage to the patients and quick postoperative recovery.

[Structuring process approach to laparoscopic anatomical liver central lobectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and oncological efficacy of structuring process approach to laparoscopic anatomical liver central lobectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 65 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent laparoscopic anatomical liver central lobectomy at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from April 2017 to April 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 39 males and 26 females,aged (M(Q_R)) 61.2 (29.5) years (range:25 to 80 years).The body mass index was (24.2±3.8) kg/m² (range:19.5 to 26.1 kg/m²) and the tumor diameter was (6.7±2.9)cm(range:3.4 to 10.5 cm).This structuring process approach was designed using a series of main vessels as the plane markers, along which liver transection was carried out. The perioperative indicators and early oncological efficacy were then analyzed. Results: All the procedures were successfully carried out laparoscopically. The operative time was (190.5±70.4) minutes (range:90 to 280 minutes). The blood loss was (370.6±120.8)ml(range:100 to 1 050 ml). No patient received blood transfusion or converted to laparotomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases(12.3%). Postoperative hospital stay was (7.5±2.5) days(range:5 to 18 days).There was no perioperative death and rehospitalization within 30 days. Pathological study showed all the operations to be R0 resections, the average surgical margin was (2.4±1.9)cm(range:0.5 to 3.1 cm).The tumor recurrence rate was 12.3% after 1 year follow-up. Conclusion: Structuring process approach to laparoscopic anatomical liver central lobectomy could be used to treat patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Study on emergency metabolic changes of Anopheles sinensis larvae following exposure to deltamethrin]

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the changes of small molecular metabolites in the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of Anopheles sinensis following exposure to deltamethrin, so as to provide the scientific basis for investigating the metabolic pathway and screening metabolic markers of deltamethrin in An. sinensis.

METHODS

The 50% and 75% lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ and LC₇₅) of deltamethrin against the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis were calculated in laboratory. The type and content of An. sinensis larvae metabolites were detected using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) following exposure to deltamethrin at LC₅₀ and LC₇₅ for 30 min and 24 h, and the changes of metabolites were analyzed.

RESULTS

The LC₅₀ and LC₇₅ values of deltamethrin were 4.36 × 10^-3 µg/mL and 1.12 × 10^-2 µg/mL against thelarvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis. Following exposure of the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis to deltamethrin at LC₅₀ and LC₇₅ for 30 min, the differential metabolites mainly included organic oxygen compounds, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, fatty acyl and pyrimidine nucleotides, with reduced glucose levels. Following exposure for 24 h, the differential metabolites mainly included organic oxygen compounds, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, aliphatic acyl and purine nucleotides, with increased glucose level detected.

CONCLUSIONS

Carbohydrate, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, fatty acyls, amino acids and their derivatives may play important roles in deltamethrin metabolism in the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis.

Application Prospects and Prospect of Metabolomics in the Identification of Sudden Cardiac Death

Abstract

In cases of sudden death, the prevention of sudden cardiac death and the analysis of the cause of death after sudden cardiac death have always been a difficult problem. Therefore, clinical research and forensic pathological identification of sudden cardiac death are of great significance. In recent years, metabolomics has gradually developed into a popular field of life science research. The detection of "metabolic fingerprints" of biological fluids can provide an important basis for early diagnosis of diseases and the discovery of potential biomarkers. This article reviews the current research status of sudden cardiac death and the research on metabolomics of cardiovascular diseases that is closely related to sudden cardiac death and analyzes the application prospects of metabolomics in the identification of the cause of sudden cardiac death.

Efficient Inhibition of Streptococcus agalactiae by AIEgen-Based Fluorescent Nanomaterials

Streptococcus agalactiae, referred to as group B streptococcus (GBS), is a prominent co-pathogenic bacterium causing the onset and death of human, animal, and aquatic products. Although antibiotics are efficient against GBS, antibiotic resistance through antibiotic overuse is an equally serious problem. Therefore, the treatment of GBS infection appears strongly dependent on nonantibiotic therapy, such as photodynamic therapy. Different from other photosensitizers (PSs), luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgen) can efficiently generate fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, TBP-1, an efficient AIE PSs, is chosen to resist GBS, and its antibacterial activity and the killing mechanism toward GBS are investigated. The ROS generation performance and the images of GBS treated with TBP-1 in the dark or under white light irradiation were investigated. TBP-1 with its high ROS generation ability can efficiently kill GBS and serve as a novel treatment strategy against GBS infection.

[Surveillance of human soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Jurong City from 2016 to 2020]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections in Jurong City from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the control strategy.

METHODS

During the period from 2016 to 2020, the permanent residents at ages of over 3 years living in Jurong City were selected as the study subjects. Stool samples were collected for the detection of soil-transmitted nematode eggs using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two detections for one stool sample), and the species of hookworm was identified in stool-positive stool samples using the culture method. The prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted nematode infections were calculated, and the change of the infection prevalence among years was examined using the Cochran-Armitage test for trend.

RESULTS

A total of 10 011 people-time populations were detected for soil-transmitted nematode infections in Jurong City from 2016 to 2020, and 56 egg-positives were identified, with mean prevalence of 0.56%. The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections appeared a tendency towards a decline year by year in Jurong City (χ²_trend = 5.15, P < 0.01). The mean prevalence of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections was 0.44%, 0.11% and 0.20% in Jurong City from 2016 to 2020, respectively, and individuals with hookworm infections accounted for 78.57% of all cases with soil-transmitted nematode infections. Single parasite (98.21%) and mild infection were pre-dominant in individuals with soil-transmitted nematode infections, and no multiple infections were seen after 2016.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of human soil-transmitted nematodiasis is low in Jurong City. Based on reinforcement of soil-transmitted nematodiasis surveillance, an increase in the health education investment is required to consolidate the control achievements.

Distant hybridization and gynogenesis between Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Jaguar cichlid Parachromis managuensis

To investigate the distant hybridization and gynogenesis between Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Jaguar cichlid Parachromis managuensis, reciprocal crossing was first performed between the two species. No offspring, however, were viable when there were these hybridizations. Gynogenesis was induced in O. niloticus and P. managuensis using ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated spermatozoa from P. managuensis and O. niloticus, respectively. The morphology during embryonic development indicated gynogenetic offspring of both O. niloticus and the P. managuensis were normal and deformed, and the results from flow cytometric analysis indicated normal fry were diploid and deformed fry were haploid. Gynogenetic O. niloticus and P. managuensis had the same DNA content and chromosome number as their species of origin, indicating that gynogenetic individuals were produced in both species. The presence of only females for both gynogenetic P. managuensis and O. niloticus was indicative of an XX genotype in the female P. managuensis and O. niloticus. Results from studies on genetic diversity indicated the average heterozygosity of the gynogenetic diploid population of O. niloticus were less than that of the cultured population, but the genetic homozygosity of the gynogenetic diploid population of O. niloticus was greater than that of the cultured population after one generation of gynogenesis, which achieved the goal of rapidly establishing genetic homozygosity.