[Study of the prevalence and disease burden of chronic disease in the elderly in China]

Objective: To understand the prevalence and disease burden of major chronic diseases in the elderly in China and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of chronic diseases and for the rational allocation of health resources. Methods: We analyzed the prevalence of chronic diseases in residents aged ≥60 years in China by using national and provincial surveillance data of chronic diseases and related risk factors in China. We conducted the analysis on the burden of chronic diseases in the elderly in China by using the data of global burden of disease. Results: The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were 58.3%, 19.4% and 10.5% respectively in residents aged ≥60 years in China. Up to 75.8% of the residents aged ≥60 years had at least one chronic disease. The prevalence rate was higher in women than in men, higher in urban area than in rural area. With the increase of age, the prevalence rate of chronic diseases also increased. The top three chronic diseases with heavy disease burden in residents aged ≥70 years were stroke, myocardial infarction, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of major chronic diseases in the elderly is high with three quarters of the elderly suffering from at least one chronic disease, and the burden of chronic diseases is increasing.

Direct observation of magnetic contrast obtained by photoemission electron microscopy with deep ultra-violet laser excitation

Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) have been investigated in a photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) system excited by a deep ultra-violet (DUV) laser (with λ = 177.3 nm and hυ = 7.0 eV) for the first time. High resolution PEEM magnetic images (down to 43.2 nm) were directly obtained on a (001)-oriented magnetic FePt film surface with a circularly-polarized light under normal incidence. Furthermore, a stepped Cr seeding layer was applied to induce the formation of large-area epitaxial FePt films with (001) and (111) two orientations, where MLD with large asymmetry was observed in the transition area of two phases. It demonstrates that DUV laser can be a powerful source for high resolution magnetic imaging in the laboratory in absence of synchrotron facilities.

[Characteristics of cervical lymph node metastasis of cN0 laryngeal carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the incidence of occult cervical lymph node metastasis and the common neck level of metastases in cN0 laryngocarcinoma, and the relationship between the clinicopathologic features of laryngocarcinoma and cervical lymph node metastasis. Methods: A total of 506 cases with cN0 laryngocarcinoma treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between March 2011 and March 2018 were enrolled, and their medical records and follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 211 cases of were glottic carcinoma in stage T1 without neck dissection and they were observed by clinical follow-up; other 295 cases, including glottic carcinoma, supraglottic carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma in stage T2-T4 were treated with surgical resection of the primary lesions and selective neck dissection. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The total incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 10.87%(55/506), with a lower incidence in T1 stage glottic carcinoma(6/211,2.84%) than that in other cases(49/295,16.61%). The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in glottic carcinoma (29/426, 6.81%) was lower than those in supraglottic carcinoma (22/71,30.99%) and subglottic carcinoma (4/9) (χ(2)=35.810,P<0.01).The pN+ rates of glottic carcinoma at T1, T2, T3 were 2.84%(6/211), 5.31%(6/113), 16.05%(13/81), and 19.05%(4/21), respectively (χ(2)=18.572, P<0.01). The pN+ rates of supraglottic carcinoma at T2, T3 and T4 were 3/13, 32.50%(13/40) and 6/13, respectively (χ(2)=3.649,P>0.05). The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in poorly differentiated carcinoma (17/42, 40.48%) was higher than those in moderately differentiated carcinoma (26/205, 12.68%) and high differentiated carcinoma(12/246, 4.88%)(χ(2)=36.356, P<0.01). Moreover, 85 pN+ lymph nodes were obtained by selective neck dissection, respectively 43(50.59%) in level Ⅱa, 30(35.29%) in level Ⅲ, 1(1.18%) in level Ⅳ and 11(12.94%) in level Ⅵ. Conclusions: The occult cervical lymph node metastasis was frequently found in cN0 laryngocarcinoma. Selective neck dissection should be performed with surgery for the primary lesions in T3-T4 glottic laryngeal cancer, T2-T4 supraglottic laryngeal cancer and subglottic carcinoma, and the neck dissection for level Ⅱa and Ⅲ is appropriate. It is required to detect pre-laryngeal and pre-tracheal lymph nodes in patients with subglottic laryngeal carcinoma.

[Effect of death decoy receptor 3 on prognosis of breast cancer and function of breast cancer cells in vitro]

Objective: To study the effect of death decoy receptor 3 on the prognosis of breast cancer and the invasive function of breast cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Expression of DcR3 were assessed qualitatively by Q-PCR to analyze the correlation in 115 mammary tissue samples with a 10-year median follow-up. The expression of DcR3 was examined in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines using immunocytochemical staining and RT-PCR. DcR3 knock-down cell sub-lines were constructed. The effects of reduced DcR3 expression were observed by establishing invasion and migration models. Results: Patients were divided into the good prognosis group (n=81) and the poor prognosis group (n=26). The expression of DcR3 in the poor prognosis group (133 350+49 646 copies/50 ng RNA)was significantly higher than that in the good prognosis group (5 393+1 428 copies/50 ng RNA, P=0.020). DcR3 transcripts were found to be increased significantly in grade 2 cancers compared to well differentiated grade 1(82 844±34 068 copies/50 ng RNA, n=39,) vs (5 371±3 500 copies/50 ng RNA, n=20, P=0.029).The DcR3 gene of MCF7 cell line and MDA-MB-231 cell line were successfully knocked out and verified that DcR3 knockout. And the invasion and migration of MCF7 cells were inhibited (P=0.009, P=0.001). However, no significant difference was found in these two aspects of the MDA-MB-231 cell line (P=0.475, P=0.102). Conclusion: DcR3 promotes the capacity of invasion of breast cancer cells and plays an important role in the metastasis of breast cancer. DcR3 detection is helpful to the judgment about prognosis of breast cancer.

Evidence of a Resonant Structure in the e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}D^{0}D^{*-} Cross Section between 4.05 and 4.60 GeV

The cross section of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}D^{0}D^{*-} for center-of-mass energies from 4.05 to 4.60 GeV is measured precisely using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two enhancements are clearly visible in the cross section around 4.23 and 4.40 GeV. Using several models to describe the dressed cross section yields stable parameters for the first enhancement, which has a mass of 4228.6±4.1±6.3  MeV/c^{2} and a width of 77.0±6.8±6.3  MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. Our resonant mass is consistent with previous observations of the Y(4220) state and the theoretical prediction of a DD[over ¯]_{1}(2420) molecule. This result is the first observation of Y(4220) associated with an open-charm final state. Fits with three resonance functions with additional Y(4260), Y(4320), Y(4360), ψ(4415), or a new resonance do not show significant contributions from either of these resonances. The second enhancement is not from a single known resonance. It could contain contributions from ψ(4415) and other resonances, and a detailed amplitude analysis is required to better understand this enhancement.

[Study on activities of daily living disability in community-dwelling older adults in China]

Objective: To investigate the disability status and its epidemiological characteristics in the elderly in urban and rural communities in China. Methods: The participants were from the project of Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for Elderly in China conducted in 2015. A total of 23 803 urban and rural residents aged over 60 years were selected through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling in 6 provinces for a set of standardized questionnaire interview and physical examinations. Activities of daily living (ADL) scale was used to assess the disability status of the elderly. χ(2) test was used to analyze the difference in basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disabilities in different elderly populations. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence factors for disability. Results: Taking bath had the highest impairment rate (1.7%) while eating had the lowest impairment rate (0.6%) in BADL. Making phone call had the highest impairment rate (16.6%), followed by taking bus (5.5%) and taking medicine (1.8%) in IADL. The BADL and IADL disability rates in community seniors were 2.1% and 19.1%, respectively. BADL disability rate was higher in females, the widowed, illiterate, the elderly with low body weight or obesity (P<0.05). IADL disability rate was higher in females, rural residents, the widowed, the elderly with lower educational level or lower body weight (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that risk for BADL disability increased with age and abnormal BMI, and decreased with the increase of education level. The risk factors for IADL disability included being female, age, rural residence, being widowed and low BMI. The risk for IADL disability was lower in those with higher education level and overweight or obesity. Conclusion: The present study showed that the disability rate was high in the elderly in China, which was influenced by the aging and multi demographic characteristics of the elderly. It is important to strengthen the prevention of BADL and IADL disabilities and intervention in the elderly.

[Case-control study on the influencing factors related to cognitive impairment in the elderly population of China]

Objective: To explore the influencing factors affecting the cognitive impairment of the elderly population in China. Methods: A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used in 6 provinces (autonomous administrative regions and municipalities) to select the sample. A total 24 000 urban and rural residents aged 60 years and above received a set of standardized questionnaire interview, physical examinations, laboratory test of lipid and glucose levels of blood and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. The primary screening of cognitive function was assessed by using the Chinese Version of Ascertain Dementia 8, and then suspicious cognitive impairment cases with more than two abnormal results would receive the further cognitive function assessment by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). 1 300 cases with cognitive impairment and 2 600 controls without cognitive impairment were recruited and matched according to their age, gender and resident area in a 1∶2 case-control study. The conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between relevant factors and cognitive impairment. Results: Factors negatively associated with cognitive impairment and their OR (95%CI) values were primary or middle school as 0.63 (0.51-0.77), high school and above as 0.59 (0.39-0.88), daily neighborhood communication as 0.61 (0.50-0.75), weekly participating in social activities 0.59 (0.44-0.79), daily tea drinking as 0.71 (0.58-0.88) and doing regular exercise as 0.71 (0.57-0.88), reading newspaper (occasional: 0.50 (0.37-0.67); frequent: 0.40 (0.28-0.57)), playing majiang or cards (occasional: 0.51 (0.34-0.74); frequent: 0.50 (0.36-0.68)) respectively. Factors positively associated with cognitive impairment and their OR (95%CI) values were APOE-ε4 heterozygote as 1.31 (1.08-1.58), homozygote as 2.74 (1.52-5.00), diabetes onset before 50 years of age and after as 9.03 (3.07-33.60) and 4.40 (3.18-6.17), stroke as 1.90 (1.35-2.69), asthma as 1.95 (1.11-3.42) respectively. Conclusion: APOE-ε4 alleles, lower educational level, stroke, asthma, diabetes are risk factors of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Keeping a healthy lifestyle and preventing chronic diseases in the whole life course could significantly reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment in the elderly.

[Association of miRNA-196b-5p and miRNA-99a-5p with autophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells]

目的

探讨多发性骨髓瘤（MM）细胞miRNA-196b-5p和miRNA-99a-5p表达与自噬和凋亡的关系。

方法

以人MM细胞株U266细胞及45例MM患者瘤细胞为研究对象，以40例健康体检者为对照，采用实时定量PCR法测定细胞中miRNA-196b-5p和miRNA-99a-5p表达水平，采用Western blot法测定自噬相关蛋白（LC3-Ⅱ、LC3-Ⅰ、P62、Beclin-1）、凋亡相关分子（CL caspase3、CL caspase7、Bcl-2、Bax）和TGF-β/Smad通路相关蛋白（TGF-β1、Smad2/3、p-Smad3、Smad7）表达水平，采用流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率，分析miRNA表达水平与MM患者临床特征的相关性。

结果

①与正常浆细胞比较，U266细胞、MM患者瘤细胞的miRNA-196b-5p表达显著增加（0.43±0.15对2.44±0.63、2.02±0.85，P值均<0.001），miRNA-99a-5p表达显著降低（1.87±0.61对0.62±0.15、0.80±0.33，P值均<0.001），LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bcl-2表达显著增加，P62、Bax、CL caspase3、CL caspase7表达显著降低，细胞凋亡率降低（P值均<0.05）。②正常CD138⁺浆细胞分别转染miRNA-196b-5p mimic或miRNA-99a-5p inhibitor 48 h后，与未转染对照组比较，LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin-1、TGF-β1、p-Smad3表达显著增高，P62、Smad7表达显著降低，细胞凋亡率减少（P值均<0.05）；上述反应体系加入自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤后，细胞凋亡率未见明显改变（P值均>0.05）。③miRNA-196b-5p和miRNA-99a-5p表达与MM患者DS分期（P值分别为0.004、0.012）、ISS分期显著相关（P值均为0.001）。

结论

miRNA-196b-5p和miRNA-99a-5p表达与MM患者临床特征密切相关，miRNA-196b-5p过表达和miRNA-99a-5p表达下调通过上调自噬水平抑制骨髓瘤细胞凋亡，其机制与活化TGF-β/Smad信号通路有关。

[The drinking status and associated factors in adults in China]

Objective: To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China. Methods: Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS), a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status. Results: The overall drinking rate was 30.5% in Chinese adults, 53.8% in men, and 12.2% in women. The excessive drinking rate was 14.0% in men and 1.1% in women. The daily drinking rate was 25.7% in men and 10.9% in women. Men mainly consumed multi-type wines, but women preferred beer. The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1%. The excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate, and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age. All the four rates were positively related with physical activity. Conclusions: The drinking rate, excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China. Drinking status was associated with age, sex, marital status, education level, smoking status and physical activity.

Short-term lactation and mammary metabolism responses in lactating goats to graded removal of methionine from an intravenously infused complete amino acid mixture

To investigate the possible pathways of Met deficiency to depress milk protein synthesis, 4 lactating goats fitted with jugular vein, mammary vein, and carotid artery catheters and transonic blood flow detectors on the external pudic artery were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Goats were fasted for 24 h followed by a 9-h intravenous infusion of an AA mixture plus glucose. Milk yield was recorded and samples were taken in h 2 to 8 of the infusion period, and mammary biopsy was performed in the last hour. Treatments were graded removal of Met from the infused AA mixture to achieve Met content in the infusate of 100 (complete), 60, 30, or 0% of that in casein. Graded Met removal decreased yield of milk, milk protein, and lactose linearly and tended to decrease yield of milk fat linearly. Milk protein yield decreased to 82, 78, and 69% that of complete mixture infusion, respectively, when the 60, 30, and 0% Met infusate was infused. Circulating Met decreased linearly with graded Met removal. Arterial and venous Met decreased to 36 and 23% that of complete mixture infusion, respectively, when all Met was removed out of the mixture. Concomitant with the decreased circulating concentration was a similar increase in mammary Met affinity as reflected by the linearly increased mammary Met clearance rate. The increased affinity plus the linearly increased mammary blood flow totally offset the negative effect of decreased circulating Met concentration on mammary Met uptake. The overall result was similar mammary Met uptakes across treatments ranging from 285.9 to 339.5 μmol/h. Mammary uptakes of the other AA measured were generally not affected by treatments except for a linearly decreased Thr uptake and a trend of linearly increased Glu uptake. Consistent with the behavior of an AA mainly catabolized in the liver and mainly used for protein synthesis in peripheral tissues, mammary uptake to milk output ratios of Met measured in the present study ranged from 1.25 to 1.49 and was not affected by treatments. For the other AA measured, the ratio of Thr was linearly decreased and that of Glu was linearly increased by graded Met removal. Graded Met removal linearly elevated circulating urea N and glucose concentrations, indicating enhanced whole-body catabolism of AA and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Treatments had no significant effects on circulating insulin, growth hormone, and the other hormones and metabolites measured. Phosphorylation status of eIF4E binding protein 1 tended to decrease linearly and that of p70S6k was linearly decreased by graded Met removal, indicating depressed signal in the intracellular mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. In conclusion, results of the present study indicated that the mTORC1 pathway and whole-body AA catabolism rather than mammary uptake appeared the drivers for changes in milk protein synthesis in response to varying Met supply.

[Analysis on geographic distribution of high blood pressure prevalence in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in China, 2014]

Objective: To understand and evaluate the characteristics of geographic distribution of high blood pressure prevalence in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in China in 2014, and provide evidence for the prevention of hypertension in children and adolescents. Methods: The data of 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health conducting 31 provinces (except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) were collected. A total of 216 299 children and adolescents who had complete blood pressure records were selected as study subjects. The low, middle and high prevalence areas were identified according to their high blood pressure detection rates in the children and adolescents,<4%, 4%-7% and >7%, to analyze the geographic distribution of high blood pressure prevalence in the children and adolescents. The environmental data in the capitals of 31 provinces in 2014 were collected to analyze the correlation between environmental factors and blood pressure Z score in the children and adolescents. Results: The average detection rates of high blood pressure was 6.4% in 31 provinces (1.5%-14.2%). The high prevalence areas were mainly distributed in the eastern China, especially the Circum-Bohai sea area, low prevalence areas were mainly distributed in the central and western areas of China and some provinces in the east. Correlation analysis results showed that the annual average temperature, annual average air humidity and local altitude were negatively correlated with blood pressure Z score, including diastolic and systolic blood pressure, in both boys and girls. The annual average sunshine time, PM(2.5) and PM(10) concentrations, content of SO(2) were positively correlated with blood pressure Z score in both boys and girls. Conclusions: There was a significant difference in high blood pressure of children and adolescents among 31 provinces. More attention should be paid to the children and adolescents living high prevalence area. And it is necessary to understand environmental factors which can affect the blood pressure of children and adolescents.

Ecological restoration of eroded karst utilizing pioneer moss and vascular plant species with selection based on vegetation diversity and underlying soil chemistry

Soil erosion in karst areas not only destroys the natural environment but also accelerates the decline in land productivity together with the associated increase in poverty for local communities. There are no simple or straightforward answers to controlling soil erosion on karst. Such erosion has become a serious problem in China. This study addresses both the diversity of vegetation (mosses, herbs, shrubs and trees) on karst and the underlying soil chemical characteristics, in order to provide a scientific basis by which suitable plant species can be selected for recovery and restoration of karst degraded by soil erosion. Vegetation diversity and soil chemistry were assessed in areas with five different grades of soil erosion in Guiyang Karst Park, Guizhou, China. Mosses are more tolerant than vascular plants of soil erosion and associated environmental degradation of karst and the order of species diversity was: mosses > herbs > shrubs > trees. Mosses were found to play a major role in ecological restoration of microhabitats on karst. Soil microbial biomass carbon was found to be significantly higher in soil under mosses than in bare soil associated with other plant categories. Mosses were more effective in converting unavailable potassium to available potassium. Vascular plants were found to have a positive effect on total nitrogen fixation and the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Increasing soil degradation was associated with lower levels of total Nitrogen in soil underlying mosses than in soil underlying vascular plants. Thus, based on their different but complementary contributions to soil chemistry, mosses and vascular plants in combination can provide the most practical outcome for the repair and restoration of areas of karst affected by soil erosion. The combination of the moss species, Homomallium plagiangium, Cyrto-hypnum pygmaeuman and Brachythecium perminusculum, the herbs Veronica arvensis and Youngia japonica, and the tree Prunus salicina, are recommended as suitable pioneer plant species to cultivate for use in restoration of regions of karstic soil erosion.

[Analysis of risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma]

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in central region of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). To evaluate the reliability of different risk factors on the prognosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in PTMC patients, and to provide the clinical support for PTMC in the central area. Methods: The clinical data of 700 patients with PTMC treated with surgery from January 2015 to July 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in central region were analyzed by single factor analysis, multivariate Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve. Results: Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) rate was 48.29% (338/700). Multifactor analysis indicated that age≤45 years old, male, multifocality, capsule invasion, the tumor calcification and tumor diameter ≥5 mm were independent risk factors for CLNM in patients with PTMC. In the risk prediction of CLNM, the optimal critical value of diameter prediction was 7 mm and the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC=0.647. The optimal threshold for age prediction was 41 years old and AUC=0.597. Single factor analysis for ROC curve showed that gender factor AUC=0.588, tumor number factor AUC=0.627, tumor location factor AUC=0.613. and calcification factor AUC=0.603. The ROC curve of multiple risk factors was analyzed according to age, gender, diameter, location, number of cancer foci and calcification, and AUC=0.768. Conclusions: Age less than 45 years old, male, multiple cancer foci, focal invasion and capsule invasion, calcification, and tumor diameter ≥5 mm are independent risk factors for CLNM of PTMC. With an accumulation of multiple risk factors, CLNM risk increases, and central lymph node dissection should be recommend.

[Causes and management of frontal sinusitis after transfrontal craniotomy]

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the causes and the strategy of frontal sinusitis after transfrontal craniotomy by endoscopic frontal sinus surgery and traditional surgery with facial incision. Method:A total of thirty-four patients with frontal sinusitis after transfrontal craniotomy were admitted, with the symptom of purulence stuff, headache and upper eyelid discharging. The onset time was 2.6 years on average. The frontal sinus CT and MRI images showed frontal sinusitis. Twenty-seven patients were treated with endoscopic frontal sinus surgery, and seven patient was treated with combined endoscopic and traditional frontal sinus surgery. In the revision surgery, the bone wax and inflammatory granulation tissue were cleaned out in both operational methods. The cure standard was that the postoperative frontal sinus inflammation disappeared and the drainage of the volume recess was unobstructed. Result:Thirty-four patients had a history of transfrontal craniotomy, and there was a record of bone wax packing in every operation. Among twenty-seven patients with endoscopic frontal sinus surgery, Twenty-five cases cured and two cases were operated twice. Seven patients were cured with combined endoscopic and traditional frontal sinus surgery. Conclusion:The frontal sinusitis after transfrontal craniotomy may be related to the inadequate sinus management, especially bone wax to be addressed to the frontal sinus ramming leading to frontal sinus mucosa secretion obstruction and poor drainage. Endoscopic frontal sinus surgery is a way of minimally invasive surgery. The satisfying curative effect can be obtained by endoscopic removal of bone wax, inflammatory granulation tissue, and the enlargement of frontal sinus aperture after exposure to the frontal sinus, and some cases was treated with both operation method.

[Nasal acinar cell carcinoma：a case report]

Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare type of low-grade malignant tumor of the parotid gland epithelium. The progression of the disease is slow, and its tissue type and cell morphology are diverse. The diagnosis of tumor is difficult so that it is easy to cause missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. A 72-year-old patient, without the history of surgery and trauma, complained of nasal congestion, bloody sputum, and loss of olfactory. CT and MRI suggested that the nasal cavity and sinuses were occupied with soft tissue. An endoscopic nasal cavity and sinus mass resection was performed under general anesthesia. No recurrence was observed after 1 year of follow-up. The nasal symptoms disappeared and the recovery effect was good.

[An analysis of the evaluation results of symptom checklist 90 for occupational females in different industries]

Objective: To evaluate the mental health of occupational females in different industries. Methods: We investigated the psychologic status of Chinese occupational females using symptom checklist 90. And statistical software was applied to analyze results of symptom checklist 90. Results: There were 41, 166 effec-tive questionnaires. The number of positive questionnaires was 14 361, and the positive rate was 34.89%. The positive rate of obsessive-compulsive factor was 24.07%. The positive rate of somatization factor was 16.12%. The positive rate of depression was 15.50%. The median positive item number was 20 (IQR: 34) , and the median split of positive symptoms was 2.11 (IQR: 0.37) . There were differences in the positive rate of SCL-90 scale among different age groups, different regions and different industries, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The positive rate of SCL-90 for the occupational females was 34.89%. The top three factors of the high-est positive SCL-90 were obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatization and depression. Conclusion: There were differences in the psychological status of occupational females for different regions, different ages and different occupations.

[Computer aided design and three-dimensional printing for apicoectomy guide template]

OBJECTIVE

To establish an apicoectomy guide template design and manufacturing method, based on multi-source data fusion, computer aided design (CAD) and fused deposition modeling (FDM). The feasibility of the guide template was preliminary evaluated by the in vitro model experiment.

METHODS

An extracted upper anterior tooth, after root canal treatment, was optical scanned, after which the extracted upper anterior tooth was poured in an apicoectomy plaster model. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning of the apicoectomy plaster model was performed, after which optical scanning of the plaster model for apical resection surgery was carried out. All of the relevant CBCT and optical scanning data of the extracted upper anterior tooth and the apicoectomy plaster model were introduced into the Geomagic Studio 2012 software. The multi-source data fusion technology was used to virtually simulate the three-dimensional positional relationship of the extracted tooth, the dentition, the alveolar bone and the gingival, based on which, the three-dimensional design of the apicoectomy guide template was completed in the Geomagic Studio 2012 software. With the technology of fused deposition modeling, the apical resection surgical guide template was three-dimensionally printed with the material of polylactic acid (PLA). Under the guidance of the surgical guide template, the root apical resection was performed on the plaster model. After the apicoectomy, the extracted upper anterior tooth was taken off from the apicoectomy plaster model and then was given the optical scanning. The apical resection length and angle were calculated by the function of distance measurement and angle measurement, and the results were compared with the preset values.

RESULTS

The length of the apical resection was 2.88 mm along the direction of the long axis of the tooth, which was 0.12 mm lower than the preset 3 mm. The included angle between the apical resection plane and the long axis of the tooth was 77.9°, 12.1° lower than the preset 90°.

CONCLUSION

This study successfully established a digital design and production method of apicoectomy guide template by combing the multi-source data fusion, CAD and FDM technology. The design route and the production method are feasible. The study will provide a technology and methodology reference for the development of domestic special software for the digital design of apicoectomy guide template.

[Prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female workers in a city and related occupational influencing factors: an analysis of 9944 cases]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female workers in a city and related occupational influencing factors. Methods: From June to September, 2016, a cross-sectional survey was used to select 9 944 female workers from six districts of Beijing and then a face-to-face questionnaire survey was performed. Univariate analysis using chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors for reproductive system diseases. Results: The age of 9944 female workers ranged from 18 to 65 years (mean 35.53±9.52 years) , and among them, 7 351 (73.92%) were married. The overall prevalence rate of reproductive system diseases among these 9944 female workers during the past three months was 28.29%, and the prevalence rates of hyperplasia of mammary glands, vaginitis, and hysteromyoma were 15.54%, 11.25%, and 6.77%, respectively. After adjustment for age, marital status, education level, and annual family income, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that frequent overtime work (odds ratio[OR]=1.119, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.070-1.343) , frequent night shifts (OR=1.198, 95%CI: 1.054-1.361) , standing for a long time (OR=1.197, 95%CI: 1.063-1.347) , sitting for a long time (OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.191-1.479) , heavy workload (OR=1.429, 95%CI: 1.262-1.615) , exposure to lead (OR=1.696, 95%CI: 1.307-2.201) , exposure to mercury (OR=1.452, 95%CI: 1.086-1.940) , and exposure to ionizing radiation (OR=1.679, 95%CI: 1.424-1.980) were associated with reproductive system diseases. Conclusion: The prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female workers in Beijing is not optimistic. Reproductive system diseases are associated with frequent overtime work, frequent night shifts, standing for a long time, sitting for a long time, heavy workload, and exposure to lead, mercury, and ionizing radiation.

[A meta-analysis of Symptom Checklist-90 assessment results in Chinese nurses]

Objective: To investigate the application of Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) in Chinese nurses. Methods: We performed a literature search for articles in Chinese on the mental health of nurses investigated using the SCL-90 that were published from January 2007 to December 2016. A total of 129 articles were included, involving 178 groups of valid samples as well as 36316 subjects in 27 provinces or cities in China. The metafor package of R 3.2.1 software and Excel were used for meta-analysis and data statistics. Results: Heterogeneity was identified for the nine factors included in the literature data (Q test: P<0.05; I(2) test >40%) , so a random effects model was used. For all factors except interpersonal relationship factor, the 95% confidence intervals of the pooled effect sizes did not include 0. For all factors except interpersonal relationship factor (Egger test: P<0.05) , no significant asymmetry or incompleteness appeared in the funnel plots. The fail-safe number of each factor was much larger than 5k+10. The merger scores and mean values of nine factors were higher than the national norm. Conclusion: The SCL-90 is widely used in the study of mental status of Chinese nurses, but the SCL-90 norm for nurses is lacking.

[Analysis on cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers of 15 provinces in China]

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers aged ≥18 years in China, to explore the influence of population economic factors on them. Methods: A total of 3 367 farmers, including fishermen or hunters, aged ≥18 years were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015. Basic information (age, gender), data on anthropometric (body height, weight and waist size), blood biochemical and socioeconomic (occupation, income, education level and living area) were included. According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005, five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity, increased triglycerides, decreased HDL-C, increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose. Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors. Results: In 3 367 framers of 15 provinces (autonomous region and municipality), the prevalence rates of central obesity, increased blood pressure, increased plasma glucose, increased triglycerides and decreased HDL-C were 51.8%, 59.0%, 17.0%, 25.5% and 38.7% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks for central obesity (OR=3.69, 95%CI: 3.17-4.28) and decreased HDL-C (OR=3.28, 95%CI: 2.81- 3.82) were higher in women than in men, and the risks for increased blood pressure (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.63-0.84), increased blood glucose (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.97) were lower in women than in men. Age was positively correlated with the prevalence or co-prevalence of metabolic risk factors (trend P<0.05). Framers in western China had obviously lower risk for central obesity compared with farmers in central China. No significant correlation was found between farmers' income level, education level or the prevalence of metabolic risk factors. Conclusion: In 15 provinces of China, the prevalence of at least 1 kind of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 85.5% of the farmers, and the co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 60% of farmers. The prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with age and gender. It is suggested to take targeted nutritional intervention and health education according to the distribution characteristics of prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic factors and strengthen the early prevention and control programs of the diseases.

Measurement of the Absolute Branching Fraction of the Inclusive Decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X

Based on an e^{+}e^{-} collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567  pb^{-1} taken at the center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=4.6  GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X to be B(Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X)=(38.2_{-2.2}^{+2.8}±0.9)% using the double-tag method, where X refers to any possible final state particles. In addition, we search for direct CP violation in the charge asymmetry of this inclusive decay for the first time, and obtain A_{CP}≡[B(Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X)-B(Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}→Λ[over ¯]+X)]/[B(Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X)+B(Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}→Λ[over ¯]+X)]=(2.1_{-6.6}^{+7.0}±1.6)%, a statistically limited result with no evidence of CP violation.

[The association between the malnutrition and blood pressure in Chinese Han students aged 7-18 years in 2014]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between malnutrition and the level of blood pressure (BP) as well as elevated BP (EBP) in Han students aged 7 to 18 years in China. Methods: 170 037 subjects with normal nutritional status and malnutrition were enrolled in this study from 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health with a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling framework covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities after the exclusion of 44 317 overweight and obese students. According to the standard of "Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents" (WS/T456-2014), the nutritional status of children were classified into two categories, normal nutritional status and malnutrition containing stunting, mild wasting and moderate severe wasting. The level of BP and prevalence of EBP were compared between students with normal nutritional status and malnutrition. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between malnutrition and EBP. Results: The levels of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in Chinese Han students aged 7-18 years who were non-overweight and non-obesity status were (103.4±12.3) and (64.7±9.5) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), respectively. The prevalence of EBP, systolic EBP and diastolic EBP in Chinese Han malnourished students (N=21 012) were 3.1% (n=649), 1.5% (n=324) and 2.1% (n=445), respectively, which was significantly lower than those (N=148 320) with normal nutritional status (4.5% (n=6 707), 2.6% (n=3 872) and 2.7% (n=3 959)), and the corresponding differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The OR (95%CI) between malnutrition and EBP was 0.68 (0.62-0.73), which were 0.65 (0.58-0.72) and 0.68 (0.60-0.77) for boys and girls. The OR (95%CI) between EBP and stunting as well as mild wasting and moderate severe wasting were 0.69 (0.62-0.77), 0.63 (0.55-0.72) and 0.79 (0.60-1.05), respectively. Conclusion: The level of BP and prevalence of EBP in Chinese Han students with malnutrition were lower than those with normal nutritional status. The negative correlation existed between malnutrition and EBP in Chinese Han students aged 7 to 18 years.

[The epidemiological characteristics and related factors of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from 7 provinces in China, 2012]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and related factors of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in 7 provinces in China. Methods: Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, 93 primary and secondary schools were selected from Guangdong, Hunan, Liaoning provinces, Shanghai, Chongqing, Tianjin municipalities and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China, 2012. A total of 16 434 students aged 6-17 years old with completed physical and lipid profiles parameters were selected into this study from above 93 primary and secondary schools. Dyslipidemia was determined by the definition of Expert Advice on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents in 2009. Logistic regression model was used to explore the factors related to dyslipidemia. Results: The prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, elevated triglyceride, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and dyslipidemia was 5.4% (887 cases), 15.7% (2 578 cases), 3.0% (492 cases), 13.5% (2 221 cases) and 28.5% (4 679 cases) among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, respectively. Sugary drinks intake ≥once per week (OR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.05-1.24), sedentary time >10 hours per day (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.28), overweight (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.33-1.70), and obesity (OR=2.62, 95%CI: 2.31-2.96) were significantly associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in 7 provinces in China, 2012. Sugary drinks intake ≥once per week, sedentary time >10 hours per day, overweight and obesity might be the risk factors of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents.