Tetragonal distortions of some tetragonal Cr3+ centers in fluoroperovskite ABF3 crystals

The tetragonal distortions [characterized by the displacement DeltaR of the F(-) ion intervening in Cr(3+) and V(B) (B(2+) vacancy) or M(+) ion in B(2+) site] for Cr(3+)-V(B) and Cr(3+)-Li(+) centers in Cr(3+)-doped fluoroperovskites KBF(3) (B=Mg, Zn) and ACdF(3) (A=K, Rb, Cs) and also for Cr(3+)-Na(+) center in KZnF(3) have been studied by calculating the EPR parameters D, g(parallel) and g(perpendicular) from the crystal-field theory. From the studies, an interesting trend is suggested, i.e., when the size of the co-doped monovalent impurity M(+) in the nearest neighbor B(2+) site is comparable to that of the replaced B(2+) ion, the displacement DeltaR of the intervening F(-) ion in Cr(3+)-M(+) center is smaller than that in Cr(3+)-V(B) center and if the M(+) iron is much smaller or much larger than that of the replaced B(2+) ion, the displacement DeltaR in Cr(3+)-M(+) center is greater than that in Cr(3+)-V(B) center. The causes of the trend are discussed.

Organofluorine Inhibitors of Amyloid Fibrillogenesis†

The design and application of an effective, new class of organofluorine inhibitors of amyloid fibrillogenesis are described. Based on experimental evidence a core structure containing indol-3-yl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, and carboxylic acid ester functions has been designed. Several substituted derivatives of this core structure have been synthesized, using various indole derivatives. While all inhibitor candidates have shown considerable effect (20-70% inhibition) in structure-activity relationship studies (inhibitor/Abeta = 10 ratio), several compounds have demonstrated excellent activity (93-96% inhibition). Using concentration dependence studies, the activity of the most active molecules have been quantified. These inhibitors practically completely block the fibril formation of Abeta(1)(-)(40), as shown by maximum inhibition values (IC(max) = 98-100%). The median inhibitor concentration values (IC(50) = 0.23-0.53 mol(inhibitor)/mol(A)(beta)) demonstrate favorable stoichiometry for the inhibition. The respective elimination of the functional groups from the core structure has resulted in a partial or complete loss of activity, indicating the significant role of each group. Experiments with these derivatives suggest the particular importance of the acidic hydroxyl group during peptide-inhibitor interaction.

Structural studies of Bcl-xL/ligand complexes using 19F NMR

Fluorine atoms are often incorporated into drug molecules as part of the lead optimization process in order to improve affinity or modify undesirable metabolic and pharmacokinetic profiles. From an NMR perspective, the abundance of fluorinated drug leads provides an exploitable niche for structural studies using 19F NMR in the drug discovery process. As 19F has no interfering background signal from biological sources, 19F NMR studies of fluorinated drugs bound to their protein receptors can yield easily interpretable and unambiguous structural constraints. 19F can also be selectively incorporated into proteins to obtain additional constraints for structural studies. Despite these advantages, 19F NMR has rarely been exploited for structural studies due to its broad lines in macromolecules and their ligand complexes, leading to weak signals in 1H/19F heteronuclear NOE experiments. Here we demonstrate several different experimental strategies that use 19F NMR to obtain ligand-protein structural constraints for ligands bound to the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL, a drug target for anti-cancer therapy. These examples indicate the applicability of these methods to typical structural problems encountered in the drug development process.

Experimental design for a basic mixture on a fluorinated packing

An optimization methodology is introduced for investigating the separation and the retention behavior of analytes on a new fluorinated reversed-phase packing. Ten basic compounds were selected as test probes to study the predictive models developed by using SPSS and MATLAB software. A two-level orthogonal array design (OAD) was used to extract significant parameters. The significant factors were optimised using a central composite design to obtain the quadratic relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Using this strategy, response surfaces were derived as the 3D and contour plots, and mathematical models were defined for the separation. The models had a satisfactory coefficient (R(2) > 0.97, n = 16). For the test compounds, the best separation condition was: MeCN/30 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.1(55.5:44.5, v/v) and 10 basic solutes were resolved in 22 min. The significant influence of the concentration of buffer shows that different mechanisms of separation for basic compounds on the fluorinated packing exist compared with a common ODS stationary phase.

Monofluorinated di- and tetrahydropyrans via Prins-type cyclisations

The synthesis of a range of fluorinated heterocycles is described via a Lewis acid-mediated Prins-type cyclisation.

Excited state hydrogen transfer in fluorophenol.ammonia clusters studied by two-color REMPI spectroscopy

Two-color (1 + 1') REMPI mass spectra of o-, m- and p-fluorophenol.ammonia (1 ration) clusters were measured with a long delay time between excitation and ionization lasers. The appearance of NH(4)(NH(3))(n-1)(+) with 100 ns delay after exciting the S(1) state is a strong indication of generation of long-lived species via S(1). In analogy with the phenol.ammonia clusters, we conclude that an excited state hydrogen transfer reaction occurs in o-, m- and p-fluorophenol.ammonia clusters. The S(1)-S(0) transition of o-, m- and p-fluorophenol.ammonia (1 : 1) clusters were measured by the (1 + 1') REMPI spectra, while larger (1 ration) cluster (n = 2-4) were observed by monitoring the long-lived NH(4)(NH(3))(n-1) clusters action spectra. The vibronic structures of m- and p-fluorophenol.ammonia clusters are assigned based on vibrational calculations in S(0). The o-fluorophenol.ammonia (1 : 1) cluster shows an anharmonic progression that is analyzed by a one-dimensional internal rotational motion of the ammonia molecule. The interaction between the ammonia molecule and the fluorine atom, and its change upon electronic excitation are suggested. The broad action spectra observed for the o-fluorophenol.ammonia (1 : n) cluster (n>== 2) suggest the excited state hydrogen transfer is faster than in m- and p-fluorophenol.ammonia clusters. The different reaction rates between o-, m- and p-fluorophenol.ammonia clusters are found from comparison between the REMPI and action spectra.

Stereoelectronic and Steric Effects in the Collagen Triple Helix: Toward a Code for Strand Association

Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. The protein consists of a helix of three strands, each with sequence X-Y-Gly. Natural collagen is most stable when X is (2S)-proline (Pro) and Y is (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (4R-Hyp). We had shown previously that triple helices in which X is (2S,4S)-4-fluoroproline (4S-Flp) or Y is (2S,4R)-4-fluoroproline (4R-Flp) display hyperstability. This hyperstability arises from stereoelectronic effects that preorganize the main-chain dihedral angles in the conformation found in the triple helix. Here, we report the synthesis of strands containing both 4S-Flp in the X-position and 4R-Flp in the Y-position. We find that these strands do not form a stable triple helix, presumably because of an unfavorable steric interaction between fluoro groups on adjacent strands. Density functional theory calculations indicate that (2S,3S)-3-fluoroproline (3S-Flp), like 4S-Flp, should preorganize the main chain properly for triple-helix formation but without a steric conflict. Synthetic strands containing 3S-Flp in the X-position and 4R-Flp in the Y-position do form a triple helix. This helix is, however, less stable than one with Pro in the X-position, presumably because of an unfavorable inductive effect that diminishes the strength of the interstrand 3S-FlpC=O...H-NGly hydrogen bond. Thus, other forces can counter the benefits derived from the proper preorganization. Although (Pro-Pro-Gly)7 and (4S-Flp-4R-Flp-Gly)7 do not form stable homotrimeric helices, mixtures of these two peptides form stable heterotrimeric helices containing one (Pro-Pro-Gly)7 strand and two (4S-Flp-4R-Flp-Gly)7 strands. This stoichiometry can be understood by considering the cross sections of the two possible heterotrimeric helices. This unexpected finding portends the development of a "code" for the self-assembly of determinate triple helices from two or three strands.

Elemental fluorine. Part 18. Selective direct fluorination of 1,3-ketoesters and 1,3-diketones using gas/liquid microreactor technology

1,3-Ketoesters and 1,3-diketones react with fluorine gas, using Durham multichannel modular microreactor technology, on a preparatively useful scale. High conversions and yields of monofluorinated products were obtained. A consideration of the mechanism of fluorination of dicarbonyl systems provides a rationale of the scope and limitations of the use of microreactor technology for such direct fluorination processes. We conclude that it is especially appropriate for the fluorination of diketones and ketoesters that exist mainly in the enol form at equilibrium and/or undergo rapid keto-enol interconversion. A one-stage route to fluoroketones from ketoesters was achieved by allowing the crude product mixture obtained from the fluorination of the ketoesters to stand for a period of time before reaction work-up.

Attaching the fluorine atom to organic molecules using BrF3 and other reagents directly derived from F2

Elemental fluorine is a starting point for nucleophilic fluorinations (e.g., BrF3), radical fluorinations (e.g., F2 under irradiation), and electrophilic fluorinations (e.g., AcOF). All three categories are represented in this Account. Bromine trifluoride, although commercially available, can be readily made from the elements and is a very good source for naked nucleophilic fluoride ions. To minimize radical reactions, an anchor has to be installed in the molecules with which it reacts. Such an anchor is constituted of a soft base such as nitrogen and especially sulfur atoms. This reagent was used for constructing compounds with a CF2, CF3, CHF2, or CF2COOH group in specific sites. F2 itself was used for completing perfluorination of various polyfluoroethers, while the electrophilic acetyl hypofluorite is an excellent tool for introducing a single fluorine atom into organic molecules such as carboxylic acids and nitro compounds.

Modification of Micronozzle Surfaces Using Fluorinated Polymeric Nanofilms for Enhanced Dispensing of Polar and Nonpolar Fluids

In this work, we report on the surface modification of a micronozzle surface to enhance fluid dispensing in the nanoliter range. Unmodified dispensing chips usually suffer from lateral wetting of the nozzle surfaces by low surface tension liquids resulting in poor control of the volume of the dispensed fluid. Covalent attachment of a fluorinated acrylate polymer to the outer surface of the micronozzle using a novel UV irradiation process helps to overcome capillary and adhesive forces and results in an enhancement of the control on fluid dispensing in the nanoliter range. The modified nozzles have been tested with a variety of fluids having a wide range of surface tensions. The surface modification allows precise control of the dispensing of nanoliter droplets with a high degree of reproducibility.

Measurement of 18 Perfluorinated Organic Acids and Amides in Human Serum Using On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction

We have developed an on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) method coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for measuring trace levels of 18 perfluorinated chemicals (3 perfluorosulfonates, 8 perfluorocarboxylates, 7 perfluorosulfonamides) in serum. Without protein precipitation, only dilution with 0.1 M formic acid, one aliquot of 100 microL of serum was injected into a commercial column switching system that allowed for concurrent SPE and HPLC-MS/MS acquisition. First, the analytes were concentrated on a C18 SPE column. Then, this column was placed automatically in front of a C8 analytic HPLC column for chromatographic separation of the analytes. Detection and quantification were done using negative-ion TurboIonSpray ionization, a variant of electrospray ionization, MS/MS. Excellent recovery was achieved for all analytes including the volatile sulfonamide derivatives that could not be determined before using traditional off-line SPE methods. The high throughput and low limits of detection (0.05-0.8 ng/mL) using a small sample volume (100 microL of serum) and isotope dilution quantification make this method suitable for large-scale epidemiologic studies.

Characterization of monofluorinated polycyclic aromatic compounds by 1H, 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy

Monofluorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (F-PAHs) have attracted much attention in analytical, environmental, toxicological and mechanistic studies because of their physico-chemical properties, which are closely similar to those of the parent PAHs. Because of this, full NMR characterization has become of interest. Complete 1H, 13C and 19F NMR chemical shifts, and also 1J(H,C), (n)J(C,F), (n)J(H,F) and (n)J(H,H) coupling constants, have been assigned for the F-PAHs 1-fluoronaphthalene, 2-fluorofluorene, 5-fluoroacenaphthylene, 2-fluorophenanthrene, 3-fluorophenanthrene, 3-fluorofluoranthene, 1-fluoropyrene, 1-fluorochrysene, 2-fluorochrysene, 3-fluorochrysene and 9-fluorobenzo[k]fluoranthene. To allow comparison with the corresponding parent PAHs, the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo[k]fluoranthene were determined. Chemical shift increments and the effects on the coupling constants from the fluorine substitution are discussed.

Stability of fluorinated surfactants in advanced oxidation processes—A follow up of degradation products using flow injection–mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–multiple stage mass spectrometry

The advanced oxidation process (AOP) reagents ozone (O3), O3/UV, O3/H2O2, and H2O2/Fe2+ (Fenton's reagent) were applied to the anionic and the non-ionic fluorinated surfactants perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and N-ethyl-N-(perfluoroalkyl)-sulfonyl-glycinic acid (HFOSA-glycinic acid) or N-ethyl-N-perfluoroalkyl sulfonylamido-2-ethanol polyethoxylates (NEtFASE-PEG), their methyl ethers (NEtFASE-PEG methyl ether) and partly fluorinated alkyl-ethoxylates (FAEO) dissolved in ultrapure water. To monitor the efficiencies of destruction samples were taken during the treatment period of 120 min. After sample concentration by C18-solid phase extraction (SPE) and desorption MS, coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) or electrospray interface (ESI) was applied for detection. No elimination of PFOS was observed while HFOSA-glycinic acid and AOP treated non-ionic surfactants were eliminated by oxidation. Degradation products could be detected and identified. So PFOS was observed during HFOSA-glycinic acid oxidation. Polyethylene glycols (PEG) and PEG methyl ethers were generated from non-ionic fluorinated surfactants beside their oxidation products--aldehydes and acids--all identified by tandem (MS-MS) or multiple stage mass spectrometry (MSn). AOP treatment of FAEO blend resulted in a mixture of partly fluorinated alcohols, separated and identified using GC-MS.

Crossing conventional boundaries in half a century of research

An overview of the research of the Olah group over five decades--ranging from synthetic reagents and methods to mechanistic-structural studies to new hydrocarbon chemistry and the development of methanol based fuels and hydrocarbon synthesis--is presented.

1H, 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy of polyfluorinated ureas. Correlations involving NMR chemical shifts and electronic substituent effects

Seventeen N-(mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-fluorophenyl)-N'-(3-nitrophenyl)ureas were prepared and characterized. Complete assignment of their (1)H, (13)C and (19)F NMR data was undertaken and the correlation of the chemical shifts of the ureido protons with field-inductive and mesomeric electronic substituent parameters was studied using the Swain-Lupton model. The best correlations were obtained when the study was limited to certain substitution patterns, e.g. non-ortho, mono-ortho- and di-ortho-fluorinated ureas, which reveal probable changes in conformations caused by the degree of ortho fluorination at the phenyl ring. Additionally, there is an excellent linear cross-correlation between the chemical shifts of the fluorine atoms and the ipso carbon atoms for the whole group of fluorinated ureas.

Synthesis of 4-Aryl-2-pyrrolidones and β-Aryl-γ-amino-butyric Acid (GABA) Analogues by Heck Arylation of 3-Pyrrolines with Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates. Synthesis of (±)-Rolipram on a Multigram Scale and Chromatographic Resolution by Semipreparative Chiral Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography

We report herein a new, practical, and economic synthesis of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Rolipram on a multigram scale as well as the synthesis of new 4-aryl pyrrolidones and beta-aryl-gamma-amino butyric acids (GABA derivatives) employing an efficient Heck-Matsuda arylation of 3-pyrroline with aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates. Racemic Rolipram was resolved into its enantiomers using chiral simulated moving bed chromatography having the low-cost microcrystalline cellulose triacetate as a chiral stationary phase.

Synthesis of phosphorofluoridates and phosphorofluoridothioates via the phosphoramidite approach

We present a very efficient synthetic procedure leading to the phosphorofluoridates RO-P(O)(OH)F 1 or phosphorofluoridothioates RO-P(S)(OH)F 2, which is based on the intermediary of fluorophosphoramidites (RO)P(F)N(i)Pr2 5 [R = 9-(hydroxyethyloxymethyl)guaninyl), 3'azido-3'deoxythymidinyl, thymidinyl, anhydrothymidinyl, cholesteryl, N6-benzoyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxyadenosinyl]. The activation of the amino group was performed with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS).

Diode laser spectroscopy of the nu(8) band of the SF(5)Cl molecule

Diode laser spectra of SF(5)Cl have been recorded in the nu(8) band region at a temperature of ca. 240 K, a pressure of 0.25 mbar and an instrumental bandwidth of ca. 0.001 cm(-1). Four regions have been studied: a first one in the P-branch (906.849-907.687 cm(-1)), a second one in the Q-branch (910.407-910.944 cm(-1)), and two other ones in the R-branch (913.957-914.556 and 917.853-918.705 cm(-1) ). The whole nu(1)/nu(8) dyad of SF(5)35Cl has been previously recorded in the group of Professor H. Burger in Wuppertal, thanks to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. These data have thus been combined with our diode laser ones in the aim of refining the analysis. We used an effective Hamiltonian developed up to the fourth order and a set of programs called C(4nu)TDS. One thousand three hundred and forty-six transitions for nu(1), 495 (FTIR: 351; diode laser: 144) transitions for nu(8), and 406 ground state combination differences have been assigned and fitted. A global fit has been obtained with a rms of 0.00081 cm(-1) for the nu(1) band, 0.0012 cm(-1) for the FTIR data of the nu(8) band, 0.00055 cm(-1) for the diode laser data of this same band, and 0.00064 cm(-1) for the ground state. It appears that more data (for instance, using a supersonic jet) are still necessary to obtain a completely satisfactory analysis of the nu(8) region.

Macrophage-Mediated Endothelial Inflammatory Responses to Airborne Particulates: Impact of Particulate Physicochemical Properties

Epidemiological studies have implicated a role for airborne particulates of <2.5 microm diameter in the development/exacerbation of chronic cardiopulmonary disease; however, specific pathogenic mechanisms and the etiological significance of particle physicochemical properties remain unresolved. Using a microporous aluminosilicate zeolite Y as a manifold, we have synthesized 1 microm particulates of pure carbon (C), carbon-iron (C/Fe), and carbon-iron/fluoro-aluminum silicate (C-Fe/F-Al-Si). We have used these particulates, as well as coal fly ash (CFA) and diesel exhaust particulates (DEP), to test the hypotheses that human macrophages treated with particulates elaborate proinflammatory cytokines in quantities sufficient to induce endothelial adhesion molecule expression and that macrophage responses to particulate exposure vary as a function of particulate physicochemical properties. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (Mø) were exposed for 24 h to sublethal concentrations of particulates, at which time phagocytosis was evident from optical microscopy. Human arterial, microvascular, or venous endothelial cells (EC) were treated with clarified supernatants recovered from Mø cultures, stained with fluorescein-conjugated mononclonal antibodies specific for endothelial adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, or E-selectin, and assayed by fluorescence flow cytometry. Data generated by these experiments demonstrate that while supernatants of Mø exposed to CFA and C particulates are relatively ineffective, supernatants from DEP, C/Fe, or C-Fe/F-Al-Si strongly induced adhesion molecule expression on EC, responses which were completely attenuated by antibody with blocking specificity for tumor necrosis factor alpha. Because the only difference between C and C/Fe particulates is the presence of surface iron on C/Fe, these findings suggest particulate-induced oxidative stress as a contributing factor in Mø activation and implicate redox active iron as a major determinant of particulate bioreactivity.

Efforts towards the Design of ?Teflon? Proteins:In vivo Translation with Trifluorinated Leucine and Methionine Analogues

In vivo incorporation of monofluorinated noncanonical amino acids into recombinant proteins has been well-established for decades. Proteins fluorinated in this way proved to be useful tools for many practical applications. In contrast, trifluorinated amino acids have been incorporated in only a few peptides and relatively small proteins by using expression systems in living cells. A novel class of proteins with a fluorous core can be envisaged only if full replacement of the core-building hydrophobic and aliphatic amino acids such as leucine or methionine with the related analogues trifluoromethionine and trifluoroleucine would be feasible. However, our systematic efforts to introduce these amino acids in larger proteins (over 10 Da) that contain different structural motifs clearly show that only partial substitutions are possible. The reasons are high toxicity of these substances and difficulties to accommodate them into the compact cores of natural proteins without adverse effects on their structural integrity. Therefore, engineering of such three dimensional 'Teflon'-like structures would require, besides an expansion of the amino acid repertoire of the genetic code, a de novo protein design as well.

State-of-the art of selective detection and identification of I-, Br-, Cl-, and F-containing compounds in gas chromatography and liquid chromatography

This review article presents an overview of halogen-specific detection in gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC). Attention is primarily focused on the use of plasma emission spectroscopy and plasma mass spectrometry as detectors, but other halogen-selective detection principles are also mentioned. Different instrumental configurations are discussed both with respect to technical set-up and performance, the principal reasons for halogen-selective detection are highlighted, and recent applications are reviewed from areas such as environmental chemistry, petroleum characterization, and drug analysis.

Preparation and promotion of fruit growth in kiwifruit of fluorinated N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl ureas

Seventeen phenyl-fluorinated analogues of thidiazuron [N-phenyl-N'-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea, TDZ] have been prepared and characterized. The effects of each fluorinated urea on growth and quality of kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa) were evaluated by comparison with untreated (control) and TDZ-treated fruits. The results obtained showed a clear dependence of the growth-promoting activity of these fluorinated ureas on the pattern and degree of fluorine substitution in the phenyl ring. The most effective for promoting fruit growth was N-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-N'-(1',2',3'-thiadiazol-5'-yl)urea at 25 ppm (at harvest, treated fruits were 58% heavier than untreated ones) followed by N-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N'-(1',2',3'-thiadiazol-5'-yl)urea at 10 ppm (50%). Comparatively, TDZ-treated fruits were 31% (10 ppm) and 38% (25 ppm) heavier than untreated ones. The results also indicate that the effects of the more active phenyl-fluorinated ureas on some standard quality parameters of fruits, for example, percent of fruit dry matter content, soluble solids contents, total titratable acids, shape, and internal structure, are similar to those of TDZ. Quantitative structure-activity relationships have been derived for the fruit growth promoting activity of the phenyl-fluorinated analogues of TDZ.

Reverse Fluorous Solid-Phase Extraction: A New Technique for Rapid Separation of Fluorous Compounds

Fluorous-tagged compounds can rapidly be separated from organic (non-tagged) compounds by the new separation technique of reverse fluorous solid-phase extraction (r-fspe). In a reversal of the roles of solid and liquid phases in standard fluorous spe, a mixture is charged to a polar solid phase (standard silica gel) and then eluted with a fluorous solvent or solvent mixture. The organic components of the mixture are retained, while the fluorous components pass. [structure: see text]

Extractionless GC/MS analysis of γ-hydroxybutyrate and γ-butyrolactone with trifluoroacetic anhydride and heptafluoro-1-butanol from aqueous samples

gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a DEA Schedule I drug of abuse commonly spiked into beverages to incapacitate victims of sexual assault. GHB is a challenging drug for analysis by GC/MS because of its small size, charged nature, low volatility, and intramolecular esterification leading to gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). In this work an extractionless technique has been developed that allows for the use of an aqueous sample for direct derivatization. The technique uses a solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butanol (HFB) to derivatize the active hydrogens of GHB. The conversion of GBL into GHB can be forced under alkaline conditions by diluting the sample in 10 mM borate buffer, pH 12. GBL found in beverages intended for human consumption is treated as a Schedule I control substance analogue. Spikes of the two compounds into several beverage matrices gave quantitative recovery of GHB by GC/MS. The derivatization produces higher molecular mass products whose fragmentation pattern provides multiple peaks for confirmation and quantification. The concentration of GBL can also be indirectly determined by the method developed. Therefore, this extractionless technique is rapid, sensitive, and selective for the confirmation of the presence of GHB and GBL in commercial beverages.