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Ramos-Zapata R, Dominguez-Madrigal C, García-Herrera RA, Camacho-Perez E, Lugo-Quintal JM, Tyasi TL, Gurgel ALC, Ítavo LCV, Chay-Canul AJ. Predicting live weight using body volume formula in lactating water buffalo. J DAIRY RES 2023:1-4. [PMID: 37139948 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029923000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Live weight (LW) is an important piece of information within production systems, as it is related to several other economic characteristics. However, in the main buffalo-producing regions in the world, it is not common to periodically weigh the animals. We develop and evaluate linear, quadratic, and allometric mathematical models to predict LW using the body volume (BV) formula in lactating water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) reared in southeastern Mexico. The LW (391.5 ± 138.9 kg) and BV (333.62 ± 58.51 dm3) were measured in 165 lactating Murrah buffalo aged between 3 and 10 years. The goodness-of-fit of the models was evaluated using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R2), mean-squared error (MSE) and root MSE (RMSE). In addition, the developed models were evaluated through cross-validation (k-folds). The ability of the fitted models to predict the observed values was evaluated based on the RMSEP, R2, and mean absolute error (MAE). LW and BV were significantly positively and strongly correlated (r = 0.81; P < 0.001). The quadratic model had the lowest values of MSE (2788.12) and RMSE (52.80). On the other hand, the allometric model showed the lowest values of BIC (1319.24) and AIC (1313.07). The Quadratic and allometric models had lower values of MSEP and MAE. We recommend the quadratic and allometric models to predict the LW of lactating Murrah buffalo using BV as a predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remedio Ramos-Zapata
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Camila Dominguez-Madrigal
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Ricardo-A García-Herrera
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | | | | | - Thobela Louis Tyasi
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Limpopo, South Africa
| | | | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
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202
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Falk S, Petersen J, Svendsen C, Romero-Leguizamón CR, Jørgensen SH, Krauth N, Ludwig MQ, Lundø K, Roostalu U, Skovbjerg G, Nielsen DAG, Ejdrup AL, Pers TH, Dmytriyeva O, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Gether U, Kohlmeier KA, Clemmensen C. GLP-1 and nicotine combination therapy engages hypothalamic and mesolimbic pathways to reverse obesity. Cell Rep 2023:112466. [PMID: 37148870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists promote nicotine avoidance. Here, we show that the crosstalk between GLP-1 and nicotine extends beyond effects on nicotine self-administration and can be exploited pharmacologically to amplify the anti-obesity effects of both signals. Accordingly, combined treatment with nicotine and the GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide, inhibits food intake and increases energy expenditure to lower body weight in obese mice. Co-treatment with nicotine and liraglutide gives rise to neuronal activity in multiple brain regions, and we demonstrate that GLP-1R agonism increases excitability of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Further, using a genetically encoded dopamine sensor, we reveal that liraglutide suppresses nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in freely behaving mice. These data support the pursuit of GLP-1R-based therapies for nicotine dependence and encourage further evaluation of combined treatment with GLP-1R agonists and nicotinic receptor agonists for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Falk
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Svendsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cesar R Romero-Leguizamón
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Heide Jørgensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Krauth
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Q Ludwig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Lundø
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Grethe Skovbjerg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Gubra, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Duy Anh Gurskov Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aske Lykke Ejdrup
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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203
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Springer J, Jové Q, de Lima Junior EA, Ladrón NÁ, López-Soriano FJ, Busquets S, Argiles JM, Marks DL. Effects of S-pindolol in mouse pancreatic and lung cancer cachexia models. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37130578 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that S-pindolol attenuates muscle loss in animal models of cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. In cancer cachexia, it also significantly reduced mortality and improved cardiac function, which is strongly compromised in cachectic animals. METHODS Here, we tested 3 mg/kg/day of S-pindolol in two murine cancer cachexia models: pancreatic cancer cachexia (KPC) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). RESULTS Treatment of mice with 3 mg/kg/day of S-pindolol in KPC or LLC cancer cachexia models significantly attenuated the loss of body weight, including lean mass and muscle weights, leading to improved grip strength compared with placebo-treated mice. In the KPC model, treated mice lost less than half of the total weight lost by placebo (-0.9 ± 1.0 vs. -2.2 ± 1.4 g for S-pindolol and placebo, respectively, P < 0.05) and around a third of the lean mass lost by tumour-bearing controls (-0.4 ± 1.0 vs. -1.5 ± 1.5 g for S-pindolol and placebo, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas loss of fat mass was similar. In the LLC model, the gastrocnemius weight was higher in sham (108 ± 16 mg) and S-pindolol tumour-bearing (94 ± 15 mg) mice than that in placebo (83 ± 12 mg), whereas the soleus weight was only significantly higher in the S-pindolol-treated group (7.9 ± 1.7 mg) than that in placebo (6.5 ± 0.9). Grip strength was significantly improved by S-pindolol treatment (110.8 ± 16.2 vs. 93.9 ± 17.1 g for S-pindolol and placebo, respectively). A higher grip strength was observed in all groups; whereas S-pindolol-treated mice improved by 32.7 ± 18.5 g, tumour-bearing mice only show minimal improvements (7.3 ± 19.4 g, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS S-pindolol is an important candidate for clinical development in the treatment of cancer cachexia that strongly attenuates loss of body weight and lean body mass. This was also seen in the weight of individual muscles and resulted in higher grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Springer
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Queralt Jové
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edson Alves de Lima Junior
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Álvarez Ladrón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Soriano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Argiles
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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204
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Badawy Y, Aljohani NH, Salem GA, Ashour FM, Own SA, Alajrafi NF. Predictability of the Development of Insulin Resistance Based on the Risk Factors Among Female Medical Students at a Private College in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e39112. [PMID: 37378117 PMCID: PMC10292011 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is currently an underlying phenomenon in the etiology of most non-communicable diseases. IR has been proposed as the key linking factor for the metabolic syndrome disease cluster of glucose intolerance. OBJECTIVES This study's target was to assess the predictability of risk factors for IR among female medical students Methods: A cross-sectional study involving female medical students was carried out. The sample size was 272, and a suitable non-probability sampling method was employed. A correlation test was done, and a P value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Each participant underwent assessment of anthropometric measurements and biochemical testing. For assessing lifestyle, validated questionnaires on physical activity, sleep pattern, dietary pattern, and stress were adopted. The anthropometric data such as height, weight, and waist circumference were collected. Biochemical testing involved estimation of the postprandial capillary blood glucose level on campus. Additionally, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured. RESULTS The association of lifestyle risk factors with waist circumference as an indicator of IR was done where the majority of those with high waist circumference were physically inactive and more prone to stress which was statistically significant when compared to those with normal waist circumference. However, poor sleep and unhealthy diet were high among those with high waist circumference, but they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The correlation of waist circumference as an indicator of IR was highly significant with body mass index, postprandial blood sugar, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. A series of unhealthy lifestyle habits was contributable to developing obesity and therefore IR among medical students in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousria Badawy
- Family and Community Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGY
- Family Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nouf H Aljohani
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Gufran A Salem
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Fatima M Ashour
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Sarah A Own
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nora F Alajrafi
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
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205
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Prentice RL, Aragaki AK, Manson JE, Schoeller DA, Tinker LF, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Wallace RB, LaMonte MJ, Tooze JA, Johnson KC, Lampe JW, Neuhouser ML. Total energy expenditure as assessed by doubly labeled water and all-cause mortality in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:955-963. [PMID: 36889672 PMCID: PMC10273089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of TEE with all-cause mortality is uncertain, as is the dependence of this association on age. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between TEE and all-cause mortality, and its age interaction, in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohort of postmenopausal United States women (1992-present). METHODS A cohort of 1131 WHI participants having DLW TEE assessment of ∼10.0 y (median) following WHI enrollment with ∼13.7 y (median) of subsequent follow-up, was used to study the EE associations with all-cause mortality. To enhance the comparability of TEE and total EI, key analyses excluded participants having >5% weight change between WHI enrollment and DLW assessment. The influence of participant age on mortality associations was examined, as was the ability of concurrent and earlier weight and height measurements to explain the results. RESULTS There were 308 deaths following the TEE assessment through 2021. TEE was unrelated to overall mortality (P = 0.83) in this cohort of generally healthy, older (mean 71 y at TEE assessment) United States women. However, this potential association varied with age (P = 0.003). Higher TEE was associated with a higher mortality rate at the age of 60 y and a lower mortality rate at the age of 80 y. Within the weight-stable subset (532 participants, 129 deaths), TEE was weakly positively related to overall mortality (P = 0.08). This association also varied with age (P = 0.03), with mortality HRs (95% CIs) for a 20% increment in TEE of 2.33 (1.24, 4.36) at the age of 60 y, 1.49 (1.10, 2.02) at 70 y of age, and 0.96 (0.66, 1.38) at 80 y of age. This pattern remained, although was somewhat attenuated, following control for baseline weight and weight changes between WHI enrollment and TEE assessment. CONCLUSIONS Higher EE is associated with higher all-cause mortality among younger postmenopausal women, only partially explained by weight and weight change. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Aaron K Aragaki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotech Center and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Robert B Wallace
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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206
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Liu H, Li X, Li P, Hai R, Li J, Fan Q, Wang X, Chen Y, Cao X, Zhang X, Gao R, Wang K, Du C. Glutamatergic melanocortin-4 receptor neurons regulate body weight. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22920. [PMID: 37078546 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201786r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC), enriched in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2) neurons, is a potential homeostasis-regulating hub. However, the identity of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, PVNVGlut2::MC4R and LCVGlut2::MC4R regulation of body weight, and axonal projections of LCVGlut2 neurons remain unclear. Conditional knockout of MC4R in chimeric mice was used to confirm the effects of VGlut2. Interscapular brown adipose tissue was injected with pseudorabies virus to study the central nervous system projections. We mapped the LCVGlut2 circuitry. Based on the Cre-LoxP recombination system, specific knockdown of MC4R in VGlut2 neurons resulted in weight gain in chimeric mice. Adeno-associated virus-mediated knockdown of MC4R expression in the PVN and LC had potential superimposed effects on weight gain, demonstrating the importance of VGlut2 neurons. Unlike these wide-ranging efferent projections, the PVN, hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, supraoptic nucleus of the lateral olfactory tegmental nuclei, and nucleus tractus solitarius send excitatory projections to LCVGlut2 neurons. The PVN → LC glutamatergic MC4R long-term neural circuit positively affected weight management and could help treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rihan Hai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Ruifeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chenguang Du
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
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207
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Zanlorenci S, Gonçalves L, de Lima TR, Silva DAS. Individual and Combined Association between Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Body Weight Dissatisfaction in a Sample of Adolescents from Southern Brazil. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10050821. [PMID: 37238369 DOI: 10.3390/children10050821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The individual and combined association between unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and body weight dissatisfaction in adolescents was investigated. This cross-sectional research used data from 676 students (348 female), aged between 14 and 19 years old (mean of 14.6 years old) from southern Brazil. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and body weight dissatisfaction were assessed through a questionnaire. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors included smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet, and were analyzed as individual factors and as combinations of behaviors. For males, smoking (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.6-4.0) and the combination of smoking/excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.8) were directly associated with the desire to reduce body weight, whereas the combination of smoking/inadequate diet (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6) was associated with the desire to increase body weight. For females, the combinations of inadequate diet/physical inactivity (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0-2.5) and of smoking/excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4-2.8) were directly associated with the desire to reduce body weight. The presence of simultaneous unhealthy lifestyle behaviors is associated with bodyweight dissatisfaction in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellem Zanlorenci
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus-Trindade-n. 476, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Leticia Gonçalves
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus-Trindade-n. 476, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus-Trindade-n. 476, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus-Trindade-n. 476, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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208
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Della Corte K, Jalo E, Kaartinen NE, Simpson L, Taylor MA, Muirhead R, Raben A, Macdonald IA, Fogelholm M, Brand-Miller J. Longitudinal Associations of Dietary Sugars and Glycaemic Index with Indices of Glucose Metabolism and Body Fatness during 3-Year Weight Loss Maintenance: A PREVIEW Sub-Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2083. [PMID: 37432216 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sugars are often linked to the development of overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but inconsistencies remain. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations of added, free, and total sugars, and glycaemic index (GI) with indices of glucose metabolism (IGM) and indices of body fatness (IBF) during a 3-year weight loss maintenance intervention. DESIGN The PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions, after an 8-week weight-loss period, on the incidence of T2D. This secondary observational analysis included pooled data assessed at baseline (8), 26, 52, 104 and 156 weeks from 514 participants with overweight/obesity (age 25-70 year; BMI ≥ 25 kg⋅m-2) and with/without prediabetes in centres that provided data on added sugars (Sydney and Helsinki) or free sugars (Nottingham). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were applied for IBF (total body fat, BMI, waist circumference) and for IGM (fasting insulin, HbA1c, fasting glucose, C-peptide). Model A was adjusted for age and intervention centre and Model B additionally adjusted for energy, protein, fibre, and saturated fat. RESULTS Total sugars were inversely associated with fasting insulin and C-peptide in all centres, and free sugars were inversely associated with fasting glucose and HbA1c (Model B: all p < 0.05). Positive associations were observed between GI and IGM (Model B: fasting insulin, HbA1c, and C-peptide: (all p < 0.01), but not for added sugars. Added sugar was positively associated with body fat percentage and BMI, and GI was associated with waist circumference (Model B: all p < 0.01), while free sugars showed no associations (Model B: p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that added sugars and GI were independently associated with 3-y weight regain, but only GI was associated with 3-y changes in glucose metabolism in individuals at high risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Della Corte
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elli Jalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina E Kaartinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liz Simpson
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Moira A Taylor
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Roslyn Muirhead
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ian A Macdonald
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennie Brand-Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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209
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Chovsepian A, Prokopchuk O, Petrova G, Gjini T, Kuzi H, Heisz S, Janssen KP, Martignoni ME, Friess H, Hauner H, Rohm M. Diabetes increases mortality in patients with pancreatic and colorectal cancer by promoting cachexia and its associated inflammatory status. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101729. [PMID: 37094629 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer is considered an emerging diabetes complication, with higher incidence and worse prognosis in patients with diabetes. Cancer is frequently associated with cachexia, a systemic metabolic disease causing wasting. It is currently unclear how diabetes affects the development and progression of cachexia. METHODS We investigated the interplay between diabetes and cancer cachexia retrospectively in a cohort of 345 patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer. We recorded body weight, fat mass, muscle mass, clinical serum values, and survival of these patients. Patients were grouped either into diabetic/non-diabetic groups based on previous diagnosis, or into obese/non-obese groups based on body mass index (BMI≥30kg/m2 was considered obese). RESULTS The pre-existence of type 2 diabetes, but not obesity, in patients with cancer led to increased cachexia incidence (80%, compared to 61% without diabetes, p≤0.05), higher weight loss (8.9 % vs. 6.0 %, p≤0.001), and reduced survival probability (median survival days: 689 vs. 538, Chi square=4.96, p≤0.05) irrespective of the initial body weight or tumor progression. Patients with diabetes and cancer showed higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (0.919 μg/mL vs. 0.551 μg/mL, p≤0.01) and interleukin 6 (5.98 pg/mL vs. 3.75 pg/mL, p≤0.05) as well as lower serum albumin levels (3.98 g/dL vs. 4.18 g/dL, p≤0.05) than patients with cancer without diabetes. In a sub-analysis of patients with pancreatic cancer, pre-existing diabetes worsened weight loss (9.95% vs. 6.93%, p≤0.01), and increased the duration of hospitalization (24.41 days vs. 15.85 days, p≤0.001). Further, diabetes aggravated clinical manifestations of cachexia, as changes in the aforementioned biomarkers were more pronounced in patients with diabetes and cachexia co-existence, compared to cachectic patients without diabetes (C-reactive protein: 2.300 μg/mL vs. 0.571 μg/mL, p≤0.0001; hemoglobin: 11.24 g/dL vs. 12.52 g/dL, p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that pre-existing diabetes aggravates cachexia development in patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer. This is important when considering cachexia biomarkers and weight management in patients with co-existing diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chovsepian
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Petrova
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tefta Gjini
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Kuzi
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Heisz
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc E Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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210
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Wang Y, Ho M, Chau PH, Schembre SM, Fong DYT. Emotional Eating as a Mediator in the Relationship between Dietary Restraint and Body Weight. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081983. [PMID: 37111204 PMCID: PMC10141227 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the relationships between routine and compensatory restraints and body mass index (BMI), as well as to explore the mediating role of emotional and external eating in the relationships between routine and compensatory restraints and BMI. Chinese adults aged ≥18 years with different weight statuses were invited to fill out an online questionnaire. Routine and compensatory restraints and emotional and external eating were assessed using the validated 13-item Chinese version of the Weight-Related Eating Questionnaire. Mediation analyses tested the mediation effects of emotional and external eating on the relationship between routine and compensatory restraints and BMI. In total, 949 participants (26.4% male) responded to the survey (mean age = 33 years, standard deviation (SD) = 14, mean BMI = 22.0 kg/m2, SD = 3.8). The mean routine restraint score was higher in the overweight/obese group (mean ± SD = 2.13 ± 0.76, p < 0.001) than in the normal weight (2.08 ± 0.89) and underweight (1.72 ± 0.94) groups. However, the normal weight group scored higher in compensatory restraint (2.88 ± 1.03, p = 0.021) than the overweight/obese (2.75 ± 0.93) and underweight (2.62 ± 1.04) groups. Routine restraint was related to higher BMI both directly (β = 0.07, p = 0.02) and indirectly through emotional eating (β = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.07). Compensatory restraint was only indirectly related to higher BMI through emotional eating (β = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandy Ho
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan M Schembre
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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211
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Carr AC, Bradley HA, Vlasiuk E, Pierard H, Beddow J, Rucklidge JJ. Inflammation and Vitamin C in Women with Prenatal Depression and Anxiety: Effect of Multinutrient Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040941. [PMID: 37107316 PMCID: PMC10136104 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated inflammation has been associated with adverse mood states, such as depression and anxiety, and antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin C, have been associated with decreased inflammation and improved mood. In the current study comprising a cohort of pregnant women with depression and anxiety, we hypothesised that elevated inflammation would be associated with adverse mood states and inversely associated with vitamin C status and that multinutrient supplementation would optimise vitamin concentrations and attenuate inflammation. Sixty-one participants from the NUTRIMUM trial had blood samples collected between 12 and 24 weeks gestation (baseline) and following 12 weeks of daily supplementation with a multinutrient formula containing 600 mg of vitamin C or active placebo. The samples were analysed for inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines) and vitamin C content and were related to scales of depression and anxiety. Positive correlations were observed between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and all of the mood scales administered (p < 0.05), including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity Scale, the Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). CRP correlated weakly with GAD-7 (p = 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between CRP and the vitamin C status of the cohort (p = 0.045), although there was no association of the latter with the mood scales (p > 0.05). Supplementation with the multinutrient formula resulted in a significant increase in the vitamin C status of the cohort (p = 0.007) but did not affect the inflammatory biomarker concentrations (p > 0.05). In conclusion, greater systemic inflammation was associated with worse mood states; however, 12-week multinutrient supplementation did not alter inflammatory biomarker concentrations. Nevertheless, the vitamin C status of the cohort was improved with supplementation, which may aid pregnancy and infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra C Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Hayley A Bradley
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Emma Vlasiuk
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Pierard
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Beddow
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Julia J Rucklidge
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
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212
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Lombardo M, Feraco A, Camajani E, Caprio M, Armani A. Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081921. [PMID: 37111141 PMCID: PMC10146095 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A strong controversy persists regarding the effect of red wine (RW) consumption and health. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers discourage alcohol consumption in any form, but several studies have demonstrated that low RW intake may have positive effects on CVD risk. This review evaluated randomised controlled trials (RCTs), examining the recent literature on the correlations between acute and chronic RW consumption and health. All RCTs published in English on PubMed from 1 January 2000 to 28 February 2023 were evaluated. Ninety-one RCTs were included in this review, seven of which had a duration of more than six months. We assessed the effect of RW on: (1) antioxidant status, (2) cardiovascular function, (3) coagulation pathway and platelet function, (4) endothelial function and arterial stiffness, (5) hypertension, (6) immune function and inflammation status, (7) lipid profile and homocysteine levels, (8) body composition, type 2 diabetes and glucose metabolism, and (9) gut microbiota and the gastrointestinal tract. RW consumption mostly results in improvements in antioxidant status, thrombosis and inflammation markers, lipid profile, and gut microbiota, with conflicting results on hypertension and cardiac function. Notably, beneficial effects were observed on oxidative stress, inflammation, and nephropathy markers, with a modest decrease in CVD risk in five out of seven studies that evaluated the effect of RW consumption. These studies were conducted mainly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and had a duration between six months and two years. Additional long-term RCTs are needed to confirm these benefits, and assess the potential risks associated with RW consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
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213
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Yamamoto S, Arakaki R, Noguchi H, Takeda A, Uchishiba M, Kamada S, Mineda A, Kon M, Kawakita T, Kinouchi R, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida K, Shinohara N, Iwasa T. New discoveries on the interaction between testosterone and oxytocin in male rats - Testosterone-mediated effects of oxytocin in the prevention of obesity. Physiol Behav 2023; 266:114199. [PMID: 37062515 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are important for the maintenance of metabolism in both sexes. Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide that is synthesized in hypothalamic regions, secreted from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and is involved in the control of appetite, body weight, and metabolism. Estrogen and OT both play a role in the metabolism of nutrients, and OT has potential in the prevention of obesity. However, the relationship between testosterone and OT remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between testosterone and OT in hypogonadal male rats and male rats receiving testosterone replacement therapy. The results obtained showed that testosterone increased serum OT levels and promoted the secretion of adiponectin from visceral fat, and reduced body fat directly and/or indirectly through OT and adiponectin. Testosterone also increased the expression of OT receptors in the hypothalamus to increase sensitivity to OT, and perhaps because of this, OT administration had the effect of reducing food intake and body weight gain in both normal and castrated rats, and this effect was stronger in normal rats. In other words, the preventative effects of OT on obesity may be synergistic with testosterone. Collectively, the present results indicate that testosterone exerts indirect effects to prevent obesity and atherosclerosis through OT and adiponectin. In conclusion, testosterone replacement therapy is useful for preventing obesity caused by hypogonadism, and OT has potential in supportive medicine to prevent obesity and adult diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan; Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Maimi Uchishiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuka Mineda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kon
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Riyo Kinouchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan.
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214
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Ahmed N, Kassis A, Malone J, Yang J, Zamzami E, Lin AH, Gordon S, Gong M, Bardo M, Dalmasso C, Loria AS. Prenatal Morphine Exposure Increases Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Programs Neurogenic Hypertension in the Adult Offspring. Hypertension 2023; 80:1283-1296. [PMID: 37042247 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid overdose and opioid use disorder epidemics are concomitant with increased metabolic and CVD risk. Although opioid use disorder causes adverse pregnancy outcomes, the offspring's cardiovascular health is understudied. We hypothesized that offspring exposed to morphine in utero would show increased CVD risk factors and endogenous opioid system dysregulation. METHODS Sprague Dawley dams were treated with saline (vehicle, n=10) or escalating doses of morphine (5-20 mg/kg per day, SC, n=10) during gestation. Cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were assessed in adult offspring. RESULTS Litter size and pups' birth weight were not different in response to morphine exposure. Female and male morphine-exposed offspring showed reduced body length at birth (P<0.05) and body weight from weeks 1 to 3 of life (P<0.05), followed by a catch-up growth effect. By week 16, female and male morphine-exposed rats showed reduced tibia length (P<0.05) and fat mass. In utero morphine exposure increases the mean arterial pressure and the depressor response to mecamylamine (5 mg/kg per day, IP) increases were abolished by a chronic treatment with an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (prazosin; 1 mg/kg per day, IP). Although circulating levels of angiotensin peptides were similar between groups, in utero morphine exposure exacerbated maximal ex vivo Ang (angiotensin) II-induced vasoconstriction (P<0.05) and induced endothelial dysfunction in a sex-specific manner (P<0.05). Proenkephalin, an endogenous opioid peptide that lowers blood pressure and sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction, showed reduced mRNA expression in the heart, aorta, and kidneys from morphine versus vehicle group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among the effects of in utero morphine exposure, neurogenic hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and metabolic dysfunction could be associated with the dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (N.A., A.K., J.M., J.Y., E.Z., C.D., A.S.L.)
| | - Alana Kassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (N.A., A.K., J.M., J.Y., E.Z., C.D., A.S.L.)
| | - Jena Malone
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (N.A., A.K., J.M., J.Y., E.Z., C.D., A.S.L.)
| | - Jodie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (N.A., A.K., J.M., J.Y., E.Z., C.D., A.S.L.)
| | - Esraa Zamzami
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (N.A., A.K., J.M., J.Y., E.Z., C.D., A.S.L.)
| | - An-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (A.-H.L., S.G., M.G.)
| | - Scott Gordon
- SAHA Cardiovascular Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (S.G., A.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (A.-H.L., S.G., M.G.)
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (A.-H.L., S.G., M.G.)
| | - Michael Bardo
- and Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (M.B.)
| | - Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (N.A., A.K., J.M., J.Y., E.Z., C.D., A.S.L.)
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (N.A., A.K., J.M., J.Y., E.Z., C.D., A.S.L.)
- SAHA Cardiovascular Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. (S.G., A.S.L.)
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215
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Shah M, Borquez AA, Cortez D, McCanta A, De Filippo P, Whitehill R, Imundo J, Moore JP, Sherwin E, Howard T, Rosenthal E, Kertesz N, Chang P, Madan N, Kutalek S, Hammond B, Janson CM, Ramesh Iyer V, Williams MR. Transcatheter Leadless Pacing in Children: A PACES Collaborative Study in the Real-World Setting. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2023; 16:e011447. [PMID: 37039017 DOI: 10.1161/circep.122.011447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter Leadless Pacemakers (TLP) are a safe and effective option for adults with pacing indications. These devices may be an alternative in pediatric patients and patients with congenital heart disease for whom repeated sternotomies, thoracotomies, or transvenous systems are unfavorable. However, exemption of children from clinical trials has created uncertainty over the indications, efficacy, and safety of TLP in the pediatric population. The objectives of this study are to evaluate clinical indications, procedural characteristics, electrical performance, and outcomes of TLP implantation in children. METHODS Retrospective data were collected from patients enrolled in the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society TLP registry involving 15 centers. Patients ≤21 years of age who underwent Micra (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN) TLP implantation and had follow-up of ≥1 week were included in the study. RESULTS The device was successfully implanted in 62 of 63 registry patients (98%) at a mean age of 15±4.1 years and included 20 (32%) patients with congenital heart disease. The mean body weight at TLP implantation was 55±19 kg and included 8 patients ≤8 years of age and ≤30 kg in weight. TLP was implanted by femoral (n=55, 87%) and internal jugular (n=8, 12.6%) venous approaches. During a mean follow-up period of 9.5±5.3 months, there were 10 (16%) complications including one cardiac perforation/pericardial effusion, one nonocclusive femoral venous thrombus, and one retrieval and replacement of TLP due to high thresholds. There were no deaths, TLP infections, or device embolizations. Electrical parameters, including capture thresholds, R wave sensing, and pacing impedances, remained stable. CONCLUSIONS Initial results from the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society TLP registry demonstrated a high level of successful Micra device implants via femoral and internal venous jugular approaches with stable electrical parameters and infrequent major complications. Long-term prospective data are needed to confirm the reproducibility of these initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maully Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.S., C.M.J., V.R.I.)
| | - Alejandro A Borquez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego (A.A.B., M.R.W.)
| | - Daniel Cortez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (D.C)
| | - Anthony McCanta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Irvine (A.M.)
| | - Paolo De Filippo
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy (P.D.F.)
| | - Robert Whitehill
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (R.W.)
| | - Jason Imundo
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA (J.I.)
| | - Jeremy P Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Mattel Children's Hospital (J.P.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Sherwin
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, DC (E.S.)
| | - Taylor Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor University, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (T.H.)
| | - Eric Rosenthal
- Evelina Children's Hospital, Guys & St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (E.R.)
| | - Naomi Kertesz
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (N.K.)
| | - Philip Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Shands Children's Hospital, Gainesville (P.C.)
| | - Nandini Madan
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital of Children (N.M.)
| | - Steven Kutalek
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.K.)
| | - Benjamin Hammond
- Department of Pediatrics, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (B.H.)
| | - Christopher M Janson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.S., C.M.J., V.R.I.)
| | - V Ramesh Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.S., C.M.J., V.R.I.)
| | - Matthew R Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego (A.A.B., M.R.W.)
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Zhang SY, Bruce K, Danaei Z, Li RJW, Barros DR, Kuah R, Lim YM, Mariani LH, Cherney DZ, Chiu JFM, Reich HN, Lam TKT. Metformin triggers a kidney GDF15-dependent area postrema axis to regulate food intake and body weight. Cell Metab 2023; 35:875-886.e5. [PMID: 37060902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, the most widely prescribed medication for obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D), lowers plasma glucose levels, food intake, and body weight in rodents and humans, but the mechanistic site(s) of action remain elusive. Metformin increases plasma growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels to regulate energy balance, while GDF15 administration activates GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL) that is highly expressed in the area postrema (AP) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of the hindbrain to lower food intake and body weight. However, the tissue-specific contribution of plasma GDF15 levels after metformin treatment is still under debate. Here, we found that metformin increased plasma GDF15 levels in high-fat (HF) fed male rats through the upregulation of GDF15 synthesis in the kidney. Importantly, the kidney-specific knockdown of GDF15 expression as well as the AP-specific knockdown of GFRAL expression negated the ability of metformin to lower food intake and body weight gain. Taken together, we unveil the kidney as a target of metformin to regulate energy homeostasis through a kidney GDF15-dependent AP axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Kyla Bruce
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Zahra Danaei
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Rosa J W Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barros
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Rachel Kuah
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura H Mariani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David Z Cherney
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Jennifer F M Chiu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Heather N Reich
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada.
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217
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Jobanputra R, Sargeant JA, Almaqhawi A, Ahmad E, Arsenyadis F, Webb DR, Herring LY, Khunti K, Davies MJ, Yates T. The effects of weight-lowering pharmacotherapies on physical activity, function and fitness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13553. [PMID: 36721366 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Weight-lowering pharmacotherapies provide an option for weight management; however, their effects on physical activity, function, and cardiorespiratory fitness are not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to investigate the effect of licensed weight loss pharmacotherapies on physical activity, physical function, and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with obesity. Fourteen trials met our prespecified inclusion criteria: Five investigated liraglutide, four semaglutide, three naltrexone/bupropion, and two phentermine/topiramate. All 14 trials included a self-reported measure of physical function, with the pooled findings suggesting an improvement favoring the pharmacotherapy intervention groups (SMD: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.32) and effects generally consistent across different therapies. Results were also consistent when stratified by the two most commonly used measures: The Short-Form 36-Item Questionnaire (SF-36) (0.24; 0.17 to 0.32) and the Impact of Weight on Quality Of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) (0.29; 0.23 to 0.35). Meta-regression confirmed a significant association between pharmacotherapy induced weight loss and improved physical function for IWQOL-Lite (p = 0.003). None of the studies reported a physical activity outcome, and only one study reported objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness. Improvements in self-reported physical function were observed with weight loss therapy, but the effect on physical activity or objectively measured physical function and fitness could not be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Jobanputra
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jack A Sargeant
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Abdullah Almaqhawi
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, College Of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehtasham Ahmad
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Franciskos Arsenyadis
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David R Webb
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Louisa Y Herring
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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218
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Kaye E, McDonough R, Singhal A, Garcia RI, Jurasic M. Effect of Overweight and Obesity on Periodontal Treatment Intensity. JDR Clin Trans Res 2023; 8:158-167. [PMID: 35148660 PMCID: PMC10029136 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221074354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with greater utilization of medical resources, but it is unclear if a similar relationship exists for dental care. OBJECTIVES This retrospective cohort study compared periodontal disease treatment among obese, overweight, and normal-weight patients attending an urban US dental school clinic. METHODS Periodontal, demographic, and medical history data for 3,443 adult patients examined between July 1, 2010, and July 31, 2019, were extracted from electronic health records. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from self-reported height and weight and categorized as obese (≥30 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), or normal (18-24.9 kg/m2). Periodontal disease was categorized using clinical probing measures. Procedure codes defined treatment type (surgical, nonsurgical, local chemotherapeutics, or none). Logistic regression models controlling for initial periodontal disease severity, age, gender, tobacco use, history of diabetes, dental insurance type, and follow-up (log of days) estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of any treatment among obese and overweight relative to normal-weight patients. The association between BMI and a periodontal treatment intensity score, based on treatment type, number of teeth treated, and number of visits, was evaluated with multivariable negative binomial regression. RESULTS Mean age at baseline was 44 ± 15 y, and severe periodontal disease was present in 32% of obese, 31% of overweight, and 21% of normal-weight patients. Average follow-up was 3.9 ± 1.6 y. Obese and overweight patients were more likely to have nonsurgical scaling and root planing or surgical procedures than normal-weight patients. Adjusted odds of any treatment were higher among obese (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14-1.72) and overweight (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.97-1.42) relative to normal weight. Obese and overweight patients had 40% and 24% higher treatment intensity scores, respectively, than normal-weight patients. CONCLUSION These results indicate obese and overweight individuals require more intensive periodontal treatment compared to normal-weight individuals, independent of initial disease severity. KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study can be used by dental providers and policymakers to better understand patient characteristics that influence the variability in frequency and length of periodontal treatment. Knowledge of a patient's body mass index may be useful in identifying patients who possibly will have a poorer periodontal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kaye
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R McDonough
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Singhal
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R I Garcia
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Jurasic
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of General Dentistry, Director of the Center for Clinical Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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219
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Tak J, Bok M, Rho H, Park JH, Lim Y, Chon S, Lim H. Effect of diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplements with allulose on weight and glycemic profiles in overweight or obese type 2 diabetic patients. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:241-256. [PMID: 37009137 PMCID: PMC10042715 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplements (ONS) have anti-hyperglycemic effects, while D-allulose exerts anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of diabetes-specific ONS, including allulose, on glycemic and weight changes in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SUBJECTS/METHODS A single-arm, historical-control pilot clinical trial was conducted on 26 overweight or obese patients with T2DM (age range: 30-70 yrs). The participants were administered 2 packs of diabetes-specific ONS, including allulose (200 kcal/200 mL), every morning for 8 weeks. The glycemic profiles, obesity-related parameters, and lipid profiles were assessed to evaluate the efficacy of ONS. RESULTS After 8 weeks, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level significantly decreased from 139.00 ± 29.66 mg/dL to 126.08 ± 32.00 mg/dL (P = 0.007) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) improved (7.23 ± 0.82% vs. 7.03 ± 0.69%, P = 0.041). Moreover, the fasting insulin (δ: -1.81 ± 3.61 μU/mL, P = 0.017) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (δ: -0.87 ± 1.57, P = 0.009) levels decreased at 8 weeks, and body weight significantly decreased from 67.20 ± 8.29 kg to 66.43 ± 8.12 kg (P = 0.008). Body mass index (BMI) also decreased in accordance with this (from 25.59 ± 1.82 kg/m2 to 25.30 ± 1.86 kg/m2, P = 0.009), as did waist circumference (δ: -1.31 ± 2.04 cm, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of diabetes-specific ONS with allulose in overweight or obese patients with T2DM improved glycemic profiles, such as FBG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, and reduced body weight and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Tak
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Minkyung Bok
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Rho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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220
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Sahin Z, Ozcan M, Ozkaya A, Canpolat S, Kutlu S, Kelestimur H. Percentages of serum, liver and adipose tissue fatty acids and body weight are affected in female rats by long-term Central kisspeptin treatments. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:307-315. [PMID: 32951481 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1819339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the possible effects of long-term exogenous kisspeptin and its antagonist P234 on serum, liver and adipose tissue fatty acids (FA) profiles, as well as body weight, in female rats. Kisspeptin (50 pmol) and P234 (1 nmol) were administrated to the weaned Sprague-Dawley female rats by an intracerebroventricular injection from the 26th postnatal day to the 60th postnatal day. Percentages of the serum total saturated FA (∑SFA) and total monounsaturated FA (∑MUFA) were lower in the kisspeptin group. In the adipose tissue, ∑SFA was lower and total unsaturated FA higher in the P234 group. Moreover, long-term central kisspeptin injection caused a decrease in the body weight. When compared to the kisspeptin group, the final body weights were higher in the P234 and kisspeptin + P234 groups. According to our results, we suggest that kisspeptin has a regulatory role in FA metabolism and regulation of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozkaya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Selim Kutlu
- Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
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221
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Carr AC, Lykkesfeldt J. Factors Affecting the Vitamin C Dose-Concentration Relationship: Implications for Global Vitamin C Dietary Recommendations. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071657. [PMID: 37049497 PMCID: PMC10096887 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C status is known to be associated with several demographic and lifestyle factors. These include gender, age, ethnicity, pregnancy/lactation, body weight, smoking status and dietary habits. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 datasets to assess the impact of these factors on vitamin C dose-concentration relationships to establish if there are higher requirements for vitamin C in certain subpopulations, and the possible extent of these additional requirements. The final cohort comprised 2828 non-supplementing adult males and females (aged 18-80+ years) with both vitamin C serum concentrations and dietary intake data available. The data were subsequently stratified by gender, age tertiles (≤36, 37-58, ≥59 years), ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and total Hispanic), socioeconomic tertiles (poverty income ratios: ≤1.35, 1.36-3.0, >3.0), weight tertiles (<72, 72-91, >91 kg), BMI tertiles (<26, 26-32, >32 kg/m2) and smoking status. Sigmoidal (four parameter logistic) curves with asymmetrical 95% confidence intervals were fitted to the dose-concentration data. We found that males required vitamin C intakes ~1.2-fold higher than females to reach 'adequate' serum vitamin C concentrations of 50 µmol/L. Males had both higher body weight and a higher prevalence of smoking than females. Smokers required vitamin C intakes ~2.0-fold higher than non-smokers to reach adequate vitamin C concentrations. Relative to adults in the lighter weight tertile, adults in the heavier weight tertile required ~2.0-fold higher dietary intakes of vitamin C to reach adequate serum concentrations. We did not observe any impact of ethnicity or socioeconomic status on the vitamin C dose-concentration relationship, and although no significant difference between younger and older adults was observed at vitamin C intakes > 75 mg/day, at intakes < 75 mg/day, older adults had an attenuated serum response to vitamin C intake. In conclusion, certain demographic and lifestyle factors, specifically gender, smoking and body weight, have a significant impact on vitamin C requirements. Overall, the data indicate that the general population should consume ~110 mg/day of vitamin C to attain adequate serum concentrations, smokers require ~165 mg/day relative to non-smokers, and heavier people (100+ kg) require ~155 mg/day to reach comparable vitamin C concentrations. These findings have important implications for global vitamin C dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra C Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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222
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Abo-Khookh AM, Ghoneim HA, Abdelaziz RR, Nader MA, Shawky NM. The dual inhibitor Sacubitril-valsartan ameliorate high-fat high-fructose-induced metabolic disorders in rats superiorly compared to valsartan only. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7086143. [PMID: 36966365 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sacubitril-valsartan, a recently approved treatment for heart failure, has shown some promise as a possible therapeutic option for diabetes mellitus. It is still not clear whether those beneficial effects are comparable to valsartan effects. In this work, we aimed at investigating Sacubitril-valsartan effect on metabolic changes in a model of high-fat high fructose diet-induced diabetes mellitus, in comparison to the metabolic changes induced by valsartan only. METHODS Rats were ad libitum fed with either standard chow plus tap water for drinking (controls) or 60% beef tallow and 10% fructose drinking water (diseased) for 11 weeks. Starting in week 9, each group was subdivided into four, namely vehicle, pioglitazone, Sacubitril-valsartan and valsartan. Treatments were administered from weeks 9 to 11, while rats were maintained in their respective diet groups. KEY FINDINGS Sacubitril-valsartan treatment significantly decreased daily food intake, body weight and epididymal white adipose weight, and normalized insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin in high-fat high fructose. Both valsartan and Sacubitril-valsartan only attenuated the elevated fasting blood glucose levels, glucose, insulin and pyruvate tolerance and increased protein kinase B phosphorylation in diseased rats. CONCLUSIONS Sacubitril-valsartan may be an effective modulator of diabetes mellitus-associated metabolic aberration, superiorly compared to valsartan only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abo-Khookh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania R Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noha M Shawky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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223
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Cyrenne-Dussault M, Sirois M, St-Pierre J, Drouin-Chartier JP. Household food insecurity and changes in BMI z-score in a pediatric obesity management clinic. J Nutr 2023; 153:1323-1329. [PMID: 36963503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multicomponent lifestyle interventions are fundamental in pediatric obesity management. However, whether household food insecurity influences the efficacy of such interventions remains undocumented. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare changes in body mass index z-score (BMIz) among children whose family received lifestyle counseling at a pediatric obesity management clinic in Montreal (Canada) according to their household food security status. METHODS This is a retrospective, longitudinal analysis of medical records of children (2-17 years) with overweight or obesity who received lifestyle counseling at a pediatric obesity management clinic. The number of visits at the clinic and the duration of the follow-up were individualized. Household food security status was assessed using Health Canada's Household Food Security Survey Module at the first visit at the clinic. BMIz was calculated and updated at each visit. A reduction of ≥0.25 in BMIz between the last and the first visit at the clinic was considered clinically meaningful. Statistical significance was considered at P<0.05. RESULTS Among the 214 children included in the study, 83 (38.8%) lived in a food insecure household. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, differences in BMIz between the last and the first appointment tended to be smaller among children who lived in a food insecure household compared with those in a food secure household [ΔBMIzfood insecurity=-0.432 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.672, -0.193) vs ΔBMIzfood security=-0.556 (95% CI: -0.792, -0.319; P=0.14)]. Differences were most notable in the first 6 months of follow-up. The odds ratio of achieving a clinically significant reduction in BMIz over follow-up associated with household food insecurity, compared with household food security, was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.31, 1.05; P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS In this sample of children followed at a pediatric obesity clinic, those who lived in a food insecure household experienced smaller BMIz reductions compared with those who lived in a food secure household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cyrenne-Dussault
- NUTRISS (Nutrition, Health and Society) Research Center, Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Sirois
- Maison de Santé Prévention - Approche 180 de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Maison de Santé Prévention - Approche 180 de Montréal, QC, Canada;; Department of Paediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier
- NUTRISS (Nutrition, Health and Society) Research Center, Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada;.
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224
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Carruba MO, Ragni M, Ruocco C, Aliverti S, Silano M, Amico A, Vaccaro CM, Marangoni F, Valerio A, Poli A, Nisoli E. Role of Portion Size in the Context of a Healthy, Balanced Diet: A Case Study of European Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5230. [PMID: 36982138 PMCID: PMC10049364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a generalised increase in food portion sizes has probably contributed to the growing global obesity epidemic. Increasing awareness of appropriate portion sizes could contribute to reversing this trend through better control of calorie intake. In this study, a comparison of standard portion sizes in European countries for various food categories shows a wide variability of their importance for food, nutrient, and energy consumption according to government and institutional websites. On the other hand, the overall averages appear to be largely in line with the values indicated by the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, which is the most comprehensive and detailed document among those evaluated. The exceptions are milk and yoghurt, for which the reference portions in Europe are generally higher, and vegetables and legumes, for which portions are smaller than those reported in the Italian document. Moreover, the portion sizes of staple foods (e.g., pasta and potatoes) vary according to different food traditions. It is reasonable to consider that the creation of harmonised standard reference portions common to the European countries, based on international guidelines and scientific evidence, would significantly contribute to consumers' nutritional education and ability to make informed choices for a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele O. Carruba
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (M.O.C.)
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (M.O.C.)
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (M.O.C.)
| | - Sofia Aliverti
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia, 38, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Amico
- Health and Welfare Unit, Censis Foundation, Piazza di Novella, 2, 00199 Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta M. Vaccaro
- Health and Welfare Unit, Censis Foundation, Piazza di Novella, 2, 00199 Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Marangoni
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia, 38, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia, 38, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (M.O.C.)
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Gallè F, Valerio G, Muscariello E, Daniele O, Di Mauro V, Forte S, Mastantuono T, Ricchiuti R, Liguori G, Pecoraro P. Can a Multidisciplinary Weight Loss Treatment Improve Motor Performance in Children with Obesity? Results from an Observational Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060899. [PMID: 36981556 PMCID: PMC10048705 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the relationship between weight status and children's motor skill competence has been receiving increasing attention, given its possible role in the prevention and treatment of obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary obesity treatment on motor performance in a sample of Italian children and adolescents. Visual and auditory reaction time (VRT and ART), vertical jump elevation (VJE) and power (VJP), body mass index (BMI) and BMI-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), waist circumference (WC), body composition, dietary habits and physical activity (PA) levels were assessed at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Significant improvements were observed in BMI-SDS and FFM, diet and PA levels. Adolescents showed significant improvements in VRT and ART. Jump elevation and power increased in both children and adolescent subgroups. Girls exhibited greater changes than boys in both VRT and ART and VJP but lower changes in VJE. VRT improvement was related to age (OR = 0.285, 95%CI 0.098-0.830, p = 0.021) and FFM (OR = 0.255, 95%CI 0.070-0.933, p = 0.039). An increase in VJE was associated with BMI-SDS (OR = 0.158, 95%CI 0.036-0.695, p = 0.015) and with PA level (OR = 19.102, 95%CI 4.442-82.142, p < 0.001); the increase in VJP was related with the increase in PA (OR = 5.564, 95%CI 1.812-17.081, p = 0.003). These findings suggest the possible effects of a multidisciplinary obesity treatment on children's motor competence. Since the improvement in motor skills can increase children's motivation and adherence to weight loss treatment in the long term, these aspects should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Espedita Muscariello
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Via Montedoro 47, Torre del Greco, 80059 Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Daniele
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Via Montedoro 47, Torre del Greco, 80059 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Mauro
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Via Montedoro 47, Torre del Greco, 80059 Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Forte
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Via Montedoro 47, Torre del Greco, 80059 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Mastantuono
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Via Montedoro 47, Torre del Greco, 80059 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricchiuti
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Pecoraro
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Via Montedoro 47, Torre del Greco, 80059 Naples, Italy
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226
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Alley J, Jibril AN, Saleh SM, Umar M, Sirajo MU. Histomorphological study of hepatic lobules of adult Wistar rats administered with aqueous extracts of leaves of cassia singueana. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023:dmdi-2023-0002. [PMID: 36930739 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cassia singueana is widely used in northern Nigeria as an herb for the treatment of enamors ailments. Nevertheless the toxicity of the herb on liver architecture; the hepatic lobule and body weight is yet to be authenticated. METHODS A total of 24 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 150 g were randomly placed into four groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats. Group A served as the control group while groups B, C and D were given 150, 300, and 450 mg of Cassia singueana leaves extract respectively for 14 days. The animals were weighed before, during and after the treatment phase subsequently, they were sacrificed and the liver tissues were processed and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, Masson's and Trichrome Stain, Gordon and Sweet's Stain, and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)Stain. RESULTS There was no significant change in the animal's body weight of in all the groups when compared to the control group. Our histology result showed that Cassia singueana induced vascular lesion and hepatocytes degeneration putatively though mechanism of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis). It was also found that Cassia singueana has no toxic effect on the reticular fibers of the liver. High dose of Cassia singueana was found to induce the deposition of PAS positive materials in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS The Cassia singueana leaves extract induce hepatocyte degeneration and vascular lesion in the hepatic lobules of the wistar rats, without affecting the animals' body weight.
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227
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Štšepetova J, Rätsep M, Gerulis O, Jõesaar A, Mikelsaar M, Songisepp E. Impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Inducia on metabolic and antioxidative response in cholesterol and BMI variable indices: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:1-16. [PMID: 36437811 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics may have potential in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in middle-aged persons with borderline metabolic indices. The ability of potential probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Inducia to reduce CVD risk factors in persons with variable cholesterol and body mass indices (BMI) was assessed. In two parallel-armed double-blind placebo-controlled interventions (n=136) and (n=104), participants daily received either test yoghurt (Inducia) or placebo yoghurt. BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose, cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidative stress and immunological markers were measured. Total counts of lactobacilli and L. plantarum Inducia were evaluated using real-time PCR. Significant reduction of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and non-high-density cholesterol occurred in both trials. The change in cholesterol (P=0.023) in persons with normal BMI and borderline cholesterol levels after four weeks of yoghurt consumption was detected. A difference was also found between placebo and test yoghurt groups (P=0.042) in LDL-c with normal BMI. Blood glucose reduction (P=0.01) and antioxidative effect was detected in overweight volunteers of the test yoghurt group. The suppression of oxidised LDL was associated with lowered oxidative stress index and total peroxide concentration values and faecal recovery of Inducia. The Inducia strain expresses antioxidative effect on blood lipids and has anti-glycaemic impact that allow to apply it as dietary probiotic supplement for the management of CVD risks in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Štšepetova
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Rätsep
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - O Gerulis
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Jõesaar
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Mikelsaar
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Songisepp
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
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228
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Maunze B, Choi S. Hypothalamic PACAP:PAC1R involvement in feeding and body weight regulation. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7077470. [PMID: 36917637 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its cognate receptor PAC1R play key roles in energy balance. Central neuropeptide systems like PACAP are critical to the neuroendocrine system that regulate energy homeostasis in regions of the hypothalamus. A thorough investigation into central PACAP's influence on energy balance presents an opportunity to reveal putative causes of energy imbalance that could lead to obesity. In this review, we provide a brief overview of preclinical studies that have examined hypothalamic PACAP's influence on feeding behavior and metabolic regulation. Notably, due to the complexity and pleiotropic nature of the PACAP system, we highlight the need for a nuanced examination of PACAP signaling that utilizes a complex intersection of signaling circuitry in energy regulation that could ultimately offer insights to future therapeutic targets relevant for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Maunze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - SuJean Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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229
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Unhapipatpong C, Polruang N, Shantavasinkul PC, Julanon N, Numthavaj P, Thakkinstian A. The effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:1005-1016. [PMID: 36898635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin supplementation may promote weight loss and ameliorate obesity-related complications through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE An umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on anthropometric indices. METHODS Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) of RCTs were identified from electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar) up to 31 March, 2022, without language restriction. SRMAs were included if they assessed curcumin supplementation on any of the following: BMI, body weight (BW), or waist circumference (WC). Subgroup analyses were performed, stratifying by patient types, severity of obesity, and curcumin formula. The study protocol was a priori registered. RESULTS From an umbrella review, 14 SRMAs with 39 individual RCTs were included with a high degree of overlap. In addition, searching was updated from the last search of included SRMAs in April 2021 up to 31 March, 2022, and we found 11 additional RCTs, bringing the total up to 50 RCTs included in the updated meta-analyses. Of these, 21 RCTs were deemed of high risk of bias. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced BMI, BW, and WC with mean differences (MDs) of -0.24 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.32, -0.16 kg/m2), -0.59 kg (95% CI: -0.81, -0.36 kg), and -1.32 cm (95% CI: -1.95, -0.69 cm), respectively. The bioavailability-enhanced form reduced BMI, BWs, and WC more, with MDs of -0.26 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.38, -0.13 kg/m2), -0.80 kg (95% CI: -1.38, -0.23 kg) and -1.41 cm (95% CI: -2.24, -0.58 cm), respectively. Significant effects were also seen in subgroups of patients, especially in adults with obesity and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces anthropometric indices, and bioavailability-enhanced formulas are preferred. Augmenting curcumin supplement with lifestyle modification should be an option for weight reduction. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022321112 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022321112).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanita Unhapipatpong
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nint Polruang
- Department of Pharmacy, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prapimporn Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkul
- Division of Nutrition and Biochemical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Narachai Julanon
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pawin Numthavaj
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Akuta N, Kawamura Y, Fujiyama S, Nakamichi K, Saegusa E, Ogura H, Kato M, Doi E, Inoue N, Sezaki H, Hosaka T, Kobayashi M, Saitoh S, Arase Y, Ikeda K, Suzuki Y, Kumada H, Suzuki F. Treatment efficacy of diet and exercise program for fatty liver and pretreatment predictors. Hepatol Res 2023. [PMID: 36891614 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Both diet and exercise counseling are recommended for patients with fatty liver, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), to achieve weight loss goals. However, data evaluating treatment efficacy are limited. METHODS The subjects of this retrospective cohort study were 186 consecutive Japanese cases with fatty liver diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Treatment efficacy and predictive factors of "Hospitalization Program for Improvement Purpose for Fatty Liver" as a combined diet and aerobic and resistance exercise program were evaluated according to the hospitalization group (153 cases) or the no hospitalization group (33 cases). To balance the confounding biases, treatment efficacy was evaluated using propensity score-matched analysis. In the hospitalization group, a diet of 25-30 kcal/kg multiplied by ideal body weight (BW) daily and aerobic and resistance exercise (exercise intensity of 4-5 metabolic equivalents daily, respectively) were performed for 6 days. RESULTS In liver function tests and BW at 6 months compared with baseline, the rates of decrease of the hospitalization group (24 cases) were significantly higher than those of the no hospitalization group (24 cases), using propensity score-matched analysis. In markers of glycolipid metabolism and ferritin levels, the rates of the hospitalization group were not different from those of the no hospitalization group. In the hospitalization group (153 cases), multivariate regression analysis identified the etiology of non-NAFLD, the presence of diabetes mellitus, and large waist circumference as independent predictors of decreased rates of hemoglobin A1c levels. CONCLUSION The diet and exercise program for fatty liver improved liver function tests and BW. Further study should be performed to develop a feasible and suitable program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Akuta
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawamura
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Fujiyama
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Eiji Saegusa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ogura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Department of Rehabilitation, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Doi
- Department of Nutrition, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Department of Nutrition, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sezaki
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosaka
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Saitoh
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuji Arase
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kumada
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Suzuki
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Dziemidok P, Gorczyca-Siudak D, Makara-Studzińska M. Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Depression in 140 Hospitalized Diabetic Patients with Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Evaluated Using Beck Depression Inventory and 6-Item Neuropathy Total Symptom Score Questionnaire. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939043. [PMID: 36860122 PMCID: PMC9990322 DOI: 10.12659/msm.939043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is one of the most common and costliest long-term complications. The pain and function limitations may lead to depression. This study aimed to assess the influence of demographic and clinical factors on the prevalence of depression among diabetic patients with distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 140 patients with diabetic DSPN completed the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) measuring characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression. The intensity of neuropathic complaints was assessed using the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score- 6 items (NTSS-6). Testing for peripheral neuropathy was performed. All patients completed questionnaires, which included anthropometric measures, social parameters, and medical aspects. Statistical analyses were done using STATISTICA 8 PL software. RESULTS Statistically significant relationships were found between the depression symptoms in diabetic patients and the intensity of subjective neuropathy symptoms evaluated by NTSS-6, body mass index (BMI), and education level. On average, each 1-point increase in NTSS-6 predicted a 16% increase in the risk of depression. Each 1 kg/m² increase in the BMI was associated with a 10% increase of depression risk. CONCLUSIONS The study showed the positive quantitative relationship between diabetic DSPN and depression symptoms. The BMI, severity of neuropathy symptoms, and lower level of education had a statistically significant association with the level of depression and may be useful in evaluating the risk of depression among DSPN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dziemidok
- Faculty of Human Sciences, College of Economics and Innovation in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Daria Gorczyca-Siudak
- Faculty of Human Sciences, College of Economics and Innovation in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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232
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Pelouto A, Refardt JC, Christ-Crain M, Zandbergen AAM, Hoorn EJ. Overcorrection and undercorrection with fixed dosing of bolus hypertonic saline for symptomatic hyponatremia. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:322-330. [PMID: 36881992 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current guidelines recommend treating symptomatic hyponatremia with rapid bolus-wise infusion of fixed volumes of hypertonic saline regardless of body weight. We hypothesize that this approach is associated with overcorrection and undercorrection in patients with low and high body weight. DESIGN Single-center, retrospective cohort study. METHODS Data were collected on patients treated with ≥1 bolus 100 or 150 mL 3% NaCl for symptomatic hyponatremia between 2017 and 2021. Outcomes were overcorrection (plasma sodium rise > 10 mmol/L/24 h, > 18 mmol/L/48 h, or relowering therapy) and undercorrection (plasma sodium rise < 5 mmol/L/24 h). Low body weight and high body weight were defined according to the lowest (≤60 kg) and highest (≥80 kg) quartiles. RESULTS Hypertonic saline was administered to 180 patients and caused plasma sodium to rise from 120 mmol/L to 126.4 mmol/L (24 h) and 130.4 mmol/L (48 h). Overcorrection occurred in 32 patients (18%) and was independently associated with lower body weight, weight ≤ 60 kg, lower baseline plasma sodium, volume depletion, hypokalemia, and less boluses. In patients without rapidly reversible causes of hyponatremia, overcorrection still occurred more often in patients ≤ 60 kg. Undercorrection occurred in 52 patients (29%) and was not associated with body weight or weight ≥ 80 kg but was associated with weight ≥ 100 kg and lean body weight in patients with obesity. CONCLUSION Our real-world data suggest that fixed dosing of bolus hypertonic saline may expose patients with low and high body weight to more overcorrection and undercorrection, respectively. Prospective studies are needed to develop and validate individualized dosing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Pelouto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Room Ns403, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie C Refardt
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Christ-Crain
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne A M Zandbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Room Ns403, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Room Ns403, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Pangemanan L, Irwanto I, Maramis MM. Psychological dominant stressor modification to an animal model of depression with chronic unpredictable mild stress. Vet World 2023; 16:595-600. [PMID: 37041835 PMCID: PMC10082728 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.595-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a protocol widely used to create an animal model of depression with food deprivation, water deprivation, and physical-dominant stressors as routine procedures. However, human depression mainly involves psychological stressors and does not always involve a lack of food and water; thus, CUMS procedures should be modified accordingly. Therefore, this study aimed to create an animal model of depression, mainly focusing on a psychologically dominant stressor without food and water deprivation. Materials and Methods The CUMS and control groups, respectively, received CUMS modification (psychologically dominant stressors without food and water deprivation) for 21 days. A 24-h sucrose preference test (SPT) was used to assess the successful creation of an animal model of depression. Daily food intake measurements, weekly weight monitoring, and weight gain calculations were performed. Either an independent sample t-test or the Mann-Whitney test was used. Results Of the 42 rats included, 39 completed the study. Chronic unpredictable mild stress procedures for 21 days significantly reduced the SPT (p < 0.05), mean body weight (p < 0.05), and weekly weight gain (p < 0.05) in the CUMS group compared to the control group. However, the weekly average food intake did not statistically differ between the two groups. Conclusion Psychological dominant CUMS modification to an animal model of depression resulted in lower SPT, body weight, and weekly weight gain in the CUMS group than in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pangemanan
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Irwanto Irwanto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Irwanto Irwanto, e-mail: Co-authors: LP: , MMM:
| | - Margarita M. Maramis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Huang L, Chen Y, Wen S, Lu D, Shen X, Deng H, Xu L. Is time-restricted eating (8/16) beneficial for body weight and metabolism of obese and overweight adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1187-1200. [PMID: 36911845 PMCID: PMC10002957 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a new therapeutic strategy for the management of weight loss and dysmetabolic diseases. At present, TRE (8/16, 8 h eating:16 h fasting) is the most common form of TRE. Therefore, this meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TRE (8/16) in overweight and obese adults to determine its impact on body weight and metabolism. Articles reviewed from PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register for the relevant RCTs that compared TRE (8/16) to non-TRE in overweight and obese adults. Eight RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Participants following TRE (8/16) showed significant body weight reduction (mean difference [MD]: -1.48 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.53 to -0.44) and fat mass reduction (MD: -1.09 kg, 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.63). There was no significant difference in lean mass change with TRE intervention (MD: -0.48 kg, 95% CI: -1.02 to 0.05, p = .08, I 2 = 41%). The energy restriction and early TRE (eTRE) subgroups resulted in greater weight loss. TRE (8/16) showed beneficial effects on the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, MD: -0.32, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.06), but had no significant effect on other parameters of glucose metabolism and lipid profiles. In conclusion, TRE (8/16), especially eTRE, or in combination with caloric intake restriction, is a potential therapeutic strategy for weight control in overweight and obese adults. TRE (8/16) also reduced HOMA-IR; therefore, it may have a positive effect on glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu China.,The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chengdu China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu China.,The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chengdu China
| | - Shu Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Danhua Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu China.,The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoyang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu China.,The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chengdu China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu China.,The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chengdu China
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu China.,The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chengdu China
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235
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Szinay D, Forbes CC, Busse H, DeSmet A, Smit ES, König LM. Is the uptake, engagement, and effectiveness of exclusively mobile interventions for the promotion of weight-related behaviors equal for all? A systematic review. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13542. [PMID: 36625062 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mobile health interventions are promising behavior change tools. However, there is a concern that they may benefit some populations less than others and thus widen inequalities in health. This systematic review investigated differences in uptake of, engagement with, and effectiveness of mobile interventions for weight-related behaviors (i.e., diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior) based on a range of inequality indicators including age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020192473). Six databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Pubmed, and Web of Science) were searched from inception to July 2021. Publications were eligible for inclusion if they reported the results of an exclusively mobile intervention and examined outcomes by at least one inequality indicator. Sixteen publications reporting on 13 studies were included with most reporting on multiple behaviors and inequality indicators. Uptake was investigated in one study with no differences reported by the inequality indicators studied. Studies investigating engagement (n = 7) reported differences by age (n = 1), gender (n = 3), ethnicity (n = 2), and education (n = 2), while those investigating effectiveness (n = 9) reported differences by age (n = 3), gender (n = 5), education (n = 2), occupation (n = 1), and geographical location (n = 1). Given the limited number of studies and their inconsistent findings, evidence of the presence of a digital divide in mobile interventions targeting weight-related behaviors is inconclusive. Therefore, we recommend that inequality indicators are specifically addressed, analyzed, and reported when evaluating mobile interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Szinay
- Behaviour and Implementation Science, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Department of Behaviour Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia C Forbes
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Heide Busse
- Leibniz Institute of Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Digital Public Health Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ann DeSmet
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline S Smit
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research/ASCoR, Department of Communication Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M König
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Behavioural Science Group, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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236
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Baruzzi C, Snow NP, Vercauteren KC, Strickland BK, Arnoult JS, Fischer JW, Glow MP, Lavelle MJ, Smith BA, Steakley D, Lashley MA. Estimating body mass of wild pigs ( Sus scrofa) using body morphometrics. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9853. [PMID: 36911312 PMCID: PMC9994471 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are invading many areas globally and impacting biodiversity and economies in their non-native range. Thus, wild pigs are often targeted for eradication efforts. Age- and sex-specific body measurements are important for informing these eradication efforts because they reflect body condition, resource availability, and fecundity, which are common indicators of population trajectory. However, body mass is often difficult to collect, especially on large individuals that require specialized equipment or multiple people to weigh. Measurements that can be rapidly taken by a single land or wildlife manager on any size wild pig without aid from specialized equipment would be beneficial if they accurately infer wild pig body mass. Our goals were to assess whether morphometric measurements could accurately predict wild pig body mass, and to provide tools to directly input these measures and estimate wild pig body mass. Using linear models, we quantified the relationship between body mass and morphometric measurements (i.e., body length, chest girth, ear length, eye to snout length, hindfoot length, shoulder length, and tail length) from a subset (n = 102) of wild pigs culled at the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Mississippi, USA. We evaluated separate models for each individual morphometric measurement. We then used the model coefficients to develop equations to predict wild pig body mass. We validated these equations predicting body mass of 1592 individuals collected across eight areas in Australia, Guam, and the USA for cross-validation. Each developed equation remained accurate when cross-validated across regions. Body length, chest girth, and shoulder length were the morphometrics that best predicted wild pig body mass. Our analyses indicated it is possible to use the presented equations to infer wild pig body mass from simple metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Baruzzi
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, North Florida Research and Education Center University of Florida Quincy Florida USA.,Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi USA
| | - Nathan P Snow
- National Wildlife Research Center USDA/APHIS Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | | | - Bronson K Strickland
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi USA
| | - Jacques S Arnoult
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi USA
| | - Justin W Fischer
- National Wildlife Research Center USDA/APHIS Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Michael P Glow
- National Wildlife Research Center USDA/APHIS Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Michael J Lavelle
- National Wildlife Research Center USDA/APHIS Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Benjamin A Smith
- National Wildlife Research Center USDA/APHIS Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Daryl Steakley
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi USA
| | - Marcus A Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
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237
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Kringle EA, Tucker D, Wu Y, Lv N, Kannampallil T, Barve A, Dosala S, Wittels N, Dai R, Ma J. Associations between daily step count trajectories and clinical outcomes among adults with comorbid obesity and depression. Ment Health Phys Act 2023; 24:100512. [PMID: 37206660 PMCID: PMC10191421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the relationship between features of daily measured step count trajectories and clinical outcomes among people with comorbid obesity and depression in the ENGAGE-2 Trial. Methods This post hoc analysis used data from the ENGAGE-2 trial where adults (n=106) with comorbid obesity (BMI ≥30.0 or 27.0 if Asian) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10) were randomized (2:1) to receive the experimental intervention or usual care. Daily step count trajectories over the first 60 days (Fitbit Alta HR) were characterized using functional principal component analyses. 7-day and 30-day trajectories were also explored. Functional principal component scores that described features of step count trajectories were entered into linear mixed models to predict weight (kg), depression (Symptom Checklist-20), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7) at 2-months (2M) and 6-months (6M). Results Features of 60-day step count trajectories were interpreted as overall sustained high, continuous decline, and disrupted decline. Overall sustained high step count was associated with low anxiety (2M, β=-0.78, p<.05; 6M, β=-0.80, p<.05) and low depressive symptoms (6M, β=-0.15, p<.05). Continuous decline in step count was associated with high weight (2M, β=0.58, p<.05). Disrupted decline was not associated with clinical outcomes at 2M or 6M. Features of 30-day step count trajectories were also associated with weight (2M, 6M), depression (6M), and anxiety (2M, 6M); Features of 7-day step count trajectories were not associated with weight, depression, or anxiety at 2M or 6M. Conclusions Features of step count trajectories identified using functional principal component analysis were associated with depression, anxiety, and weight outcomes among adults with comorbid obesity and depression. Functional principal component analysis may be a useful analytic method that leverages daily measured physical activity levels to allow for precise tailoring of future behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Tucker
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Yichao Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Nan Lv
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Thomas Kannampallil
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Amruta Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Nancy Wittels
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Ruixuan Dai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
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238
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Han W, Wang L, Ohbayashi K, Takeuchi M, O'Farrell L, Coskun T, Rakhat Y, Yabe D, Iwasaki Y, Seino Y, Yada T. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide counteracts diet-induced obesity along with reduced feeding, elevated plasma leptin and activation of leptin-responsive and proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:1534-1546. [PMID: 36852745 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To clarify the effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists (GIPRAs) on feeding and body weight. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute and subchronic effects of subcutaneous GIPFA-085, a long-acting GIPRA, on blood glucose, food intake, body weight, respiratory exchange ratio and plasma leptin levels were measured in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and/or functional leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. The effects of GIPFA-085 on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons from lean and DIO mice were studied by measuring cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ). RESULTS Single bolus GIPFA-085 (30, 300 nmol/kg) dose-dependently reduced blood glucose in glucose tolerance tests, elevated plasma leptin levels at 0.5-6 hours and inhibited food intake at 2-24 hours after injection in DIO mice. Daily GIPFA-085 (300 nmol/kg) inhibited food intake and increased fat utilization on day 1, and reduced body weight gain on days 3-12 of treatment in DIO, but not ob/ob, mice. GIPFA-085 increased [Ca2+ ]i in the ARC leptin-responsive and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. GIPFA-085 and leptin cooperated to increase [Ca2+ ]i in ARC neurons and inhibit food intake. CONCLUSIONS GIPFA-085 acutely inhibits feeding and increases lipid utilization, and sustainedly lowers body weight in DIO mice via mechanisms involving rises in leptin and activation of ARC leptin-responsive and POMC neurons. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of GIPRAs for treating obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Han
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kento Ohbayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yermek Rakhat
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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239
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Baer DJ, Dalton M, Blundell J, Finlayson G, Hu FB. Nuts, Energy Balance and Body Weight. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051162. [PMID: 36904160 PMCID: PMC10004756 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over several decades, the health benefits of consuming nuts have been investigated, resulting in a large body of evidence that nuts can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The consumption of nuts, being a higher-fat plant food, is restricted by some in order to minimize weight gain. In this review, we discuss several factors related to energy intake from nuts, including food matrix and its impact on digestibility, and the role of nuts in regulating appetite. We review the data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies conducted to examine the relationship between nut intake and body weight or body mass index. Consistently, the evidence from RCTs and observational cohorts indicates that higher nut consumption does not cause greater weight gain; rather, nuts may be beneficial for weight control and prevention of long-term weight gain. Multiple mechanisms likely contribute to these findings, including aspects of nut composition which affect nutrient and energy availability as well as satiety signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Baer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(301)-504-8719
| | - Michelle Dalton
- School of Psychology, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK
| | - John Blundell
- School of Psychology, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115, USA
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240
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Mateo-Orcajada A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Montoya-Lozano JM, Abenza-Cano L. Differences in Kinanthropometric Variables and Physical Fitness of Adolescents with Different Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Weight Status: "Fat but Healthy Diet" Paradigm. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904151 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation provides a new paradigm, the fat but healthy diet, through which to analyze the importance of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD) in the adolescent population. To this end, the objectives were to analyze the existing differences in physical fitness, level of physical activity, and kinanthropometric variables in males and females with different AMD and to determine the existing differences in physical fitness, level of physical activity, and kinanthropometric variables in adolescents with different body mass index and AMD. The sample consisted of 791 adolescent males and females whose AMD, level of physical activity, kinanthropometric variables, and physical condition were measured. The results showed that when analyzing the whole sample, the differences were only significant in the level of physical activity among adolescents with different AMD. However, when considering the gender of the adolescents, the males also showed differences in the kinanthropometric variables, while the females did so in the fitness variables. In addition, when considering gender and body mass index, the results showed that overweight males with better AMD showed less physical activity and higher body mass, sum of three skinfolds, and waist circumference, and females did not show differences in any variable. Therefore, the benefits of AMD in anthropometric variables and physical fitness of adolescents are questioned, and the fat but healthy diet paradigm cannot be confirmed in the present research.
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241
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Chiavaroli L, Cheung A, Ayoub-Charette S, Ahmed A, Lee D, Au-Yeung F, Qi X, Back S, McGlynn N, Ha V, Lai E, Khan TA, Blanco Mejia S, Zurbau A, Choo VL, de Souza RJ, Wolever TM, Leiter LA, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, Sievenpiper JL. Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and adiposity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:741-765. [PMID: 36842451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) providing excess energy increase adiposity. The effect of other food sources of sugars at different energy control levels is unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of food sources of fructose-containing sugars by energy control on adiposity. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched through April 2022 for controlled trials ≥2 wk. We prespecified 4 trial designs by energy control: substitution (energy-matched replacement of sugars), addition (energy from sugars added), subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted), and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). Independent authors extracted data. The primary outcome was body weight. Secondary outcomes included other adiposity measures. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence. RESULTS We included 169 trials (255 trial comparisons, n = 10,357) assessing 14 food sources at 4 energy control levels over a median 12 wk. Total fructose-containing sugars increased body weight (MD: 0.28 kg; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.50 kg; PMD = 0.011) in addition trials and decreased body weight (MD: -0.96 kg; 95% CI: -1.78, -0.14 kg; PMD = 0.022) in subtraction trials with no effect in substitution or ad libitum trials. There was interaction/influence by food sources on body weight: substitution trials [fruits decreased; added nutritive sweeteners and mixed sources (with SSBs) increased]; addition trials [dried fruits, honey, fruits (≤10%E), and 100% fruit juice (≤10%E) decreased; SSBs, fruit drink, and mixed sources (with SSBs) increased]; subtraction trials [removal of mixed sources (with SSBs) decreased]; and ad libitum trials [mixed sources (with/without SSBs) increased]. GRADE scores were generally moderate. Results were similar across secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Energy control and food sources mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on adiposity. The evidence provides a good indication that excess energy from sugars (particularly SSBs at high doses ≥20%E or 100 g/d) increase adiposity, whereas their removal decrease adiposity. Most other food sources had no effect, with some showing decreases (particularly fruits at lower doses ≤10%E or 50 g/d). This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02558920 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02558920).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annette Cheung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub-Charette
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amna Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - XinYe Qi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Songhee Back
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Néma McGlynn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ethan Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian L Choo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Ms Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril Wc Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David Ja Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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242
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Dahlén E, Kindblom JM, Kimland EE. Defined daily doses in pediatric dosing- a theoretical example. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01061. [PMID: 36808833 PMCID: PMC9939876 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A defined daily dose for children (cDDD) taking body weight into account, was proposed as a better measure of drug utilization in children than the World Health Organization's DDD. There is no global definition of DDDs for children, and it is unclear which standard doses should be used for children when conducting drug utilization studies. We used doses according to the authorized medical product information and body weight according to national pediatric growth curves to calculate theoretical cDDD for three common medicines in children in a Swedish setting. These examples demonstrate that the concept of cDDD may not be optimal for drug utilization studies in children, especially not for younger children and when dosing is done according to weight is crucial. Validation of cDDD in real-world data is warranted. When conducting pediatric drug utilization studies, accessibility to individual-level data on body weight and age combined with dosing information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Dahlén
- Swedish Medical Products AgencyUppsalaSweden,Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationStockholmSweden
| | - Jenny Marianne Kindblom
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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243
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Conlon RPK, Hu H, Saptono A, Hawkins MS, Parmanto B, Levine MD, Buysse DJ. Formative Development of ClockWork for the Postpartum Period: A Theory-Based Intervention to Harness the Circadian Timing System to Address Cardiometabolic Health-Related Behaviors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3669. [PMID: 36834364 PMCID: PMC9961849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 before pregnancy have greater difficulty losing the weight gained during pregnancy, and this postpartum weight retention predicts higher risk for cardiometabolic disease. The postpartum period involves substantial disruptions in circadian rhythms, including rhythms related to eating, physical activity, sleep, and light/dark exposure, each of which are linked to obesity and cardiometabolic disease in non-pregnant adult humans and animals. We posit that a multi-component, circadian timing system-based behavioral intervention that uses digital tools-ClockWork-will be feasible and acceptable to postpartum individuals and help promote weight- and cardiometabolic health-related behaviors. We provide data from stakeholder interviews with postpartum individuals (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25; n = 7), which were conducted to obtain feedback on and improve the relevance and utility of digital self-monitoring tools for health behaviors and weight during the postpartum period. Participants perceived the ClockWork intervention and digital monitoring app to be helpful for management of postpartum weight-related health behaviors. They provided specific recommendations for increasing the feasibility intervention goals and improving app features for monitoring behaviors. Personalized, easily accessible interventions are needed to promote gestational weight loss after delivery; addressing circadian behaviors is an essential component of such interventions. Future studies will evaluate the efficacy of the ClockWork intervention and associated digital tools for improving cardiometabolic health-related behaviors linked to the circadian timing system during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P. Kolko Conlon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Haomin Hu
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andi Saptono
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marquis S. Hawkins
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bambang Parmanto
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michele D. Levine
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel J. Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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244
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Cheatham CN, Gustafson KL, McAdams ZL, Turner GM, Dorfmeyer RA, Ericsson AC. Standardized Complex Gut Microbiomes Influence Fetal Growth, Food Intake, and Adult Body Weight in Outbred Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:484. [PMID: 36838449 PMCID: PMC9961083 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity places a tremendous burden on individual health and the healthcare system. The gut microbiome (GM) influences host metabolism and behaviors affecting body weight (BW) such as feeding. The GM of mice varies between suppliers and significantly influences BW. We sought to determine whether GM-associated differences in BW are associated with differences in intake, fecal energy loss, or fetal growth. Pair-housed mice colonized with a low or high microbial richness GM were weighed, and the total and BW-adjusted intake were measured at weaning and adulthood. Pups were weighed at birth to determine the effects of the maternal microbiome on fetal growth. Fecal samples were collected to assess the fecal energy loss and to characterize differences in the microbiome. The results showed that supplier-origin microbiomes were associated with profound differences in fetal growth and excessive BW-adjusted differences in intake during adulthood, with no detected difference in fecal energy loss. Agreement between the features of the maternal microbiome associated with increased birth weight here and in recent human studies supports the value of this model to investigate the mechanisms by which the maternal microbiome regulates offspring growth and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa N. Cheatham
- Comparative Medicine Program, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kevin L. Gustafson
- Comparative Medicine Program, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Zachary L. McAdams
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics Program, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Giedre M. Turner
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Dorfmeyer
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Comparative Medicine Program, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics Program, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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245
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Pontiroli AE, Centofanti L, Le Roux CW, Magnani S, Tagliabue E, Folli F. Effect of Prolonged and Substantial Weight Loss on Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040940. [PMID: 36839298 PMCID: PMC9964297 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Overweight and obesity are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), and bariatric surgery (BS), able to induce sustained and prolonged weight loss, might represent the ideal treatment in the prevention of AF. Previous studies could not definitely establish a role for weight loss and BS in preventing incident AF so far. During the last few years, several studies on the effect of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular diseases have been published, and we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of weight loss through BS in the prevention of incident AF in obesity. Methods. This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guideline. Eligible studies were controlled trials evaluating the appearance of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing weight loss through BS as compared with patients receiving medical treatment. Quality of studies was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, and risk-of-bias was evaluated employing the Egger's test. All analyses were run by a random-effects model according to Hartung and Knapp and sensitivity analyses were performed. Heterogeneity was assessed through Q and I2 statistics for each comparison, and potential publication bias was formally investigated. Results. Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis, and the overall result was statistically significant [OR = 0.665 (0.475-0.929), p = 0.017], with significant heterogeneity (Q = 48.98, p < 0.001; I2 = 81.6%), but with no publication bias. In sensitivity analyses, the amount of weight loss, percentage of patients with diabetes and value of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, were all associated with significance of effect. Since age was different in one study, a sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding this study; OR was similar [OR = 0.608 (0.454-0.814), p < 0.001]; heterogeneity was reduced but still significant (Q = 35.74, p < 0.001, I2 = 77.6%) and again no publication bias was detected. Conclusions. Bariatric surgery as compared to medical treatment is associated with reduced appearance of incident AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E. Pontiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Centofanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carel W. Le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Elena Tagliabue
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Value-Based Healthcare Unit, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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246
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Donnachie C, Sweeting H, Hunt K. A Qualitative Study on Young Men's Experiences of Intentional Weight-Gain. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3320. [PMID: 36834015 PMCID: PMC9964095 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study investigated how young men perceive their body image and experiences of purposively gaining weight, and what these reveal about broader sociocultural meanings around food, consumption and male body image. The participants in this study were a subsample of men participating in the 'GlasVEGAS' study which examined the effect of weight-gain and weight loss on metabolism, fitness and disease risk in young adult men. Twenty-three qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen men (mean age 23 years) at GlasVEGAS baseline (n = 10) and weight-gain (6-week) follow-up assessment (n = 13). Data were analysed using the principles of framework analysis. The majority of men viewed the foods provided as part of the GlasVEGAS study as 'luxury' items despite their being of low nutritional value. The weight-gain process prompted men to reflect on how cultural norms and social environments may amplify overeating. Several described being surprised at how quickly they assimilated unhealthy eating habits and/or gained weight. Some valued changes in their appearance associated with weight-gain, including appearing larger or having increased muscle size. These factors are vital to consider when developing weight management initiatives targeting young men, including the valorisation of unhealthy foods, wider social influences on diet and male body image ideals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Donnachie
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RS, UK
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, UK
| | - Helen Sweeting
- Retired—Previously MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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247
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Anthony RM, Amundson MD, Brejda J, Becvarova I. Acceptance of a Novel, Highly Palatable, Calorically Dense, and Nutritionally Complete Diet in Dogs with Benign and Malignant Tumors. Vet Sci 2023; 10. [PMID: 36851452 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished appetite and poor eating behavior accompanied by weight loss or cachexia are often reported in dogs living with cancer. This study was conducted to determine the acceptance and eating enthusiasm in dogs with cancer for a new therapeutic, nutritionally balanced, and calorically dense food designed for dogs with cancer. Adult dogs with diagnosis of cancer were recruited from general and oncology practices and were fed the study food for 28 days. Evaluations included physical examination, body weight, food intake, caloric intake, hematology and serum biochemistry, and owner assessments, namely food evaluation, quality of life, and stool scores. The dogs transitioned smoothly and tolerated the food very well. The results showed high food acceptance within the first day, with continued eating enthusiasm over the 28 days. Significant increases in food and caloric intake were observed, with the study food having a positive impact on body weight in dogs that were losing weight and helping to maintain a high quality of life. Blood laboratory parameters remained within reference ranges. Thus, the therapeutic study food was well accepted and efficacious in supporting continued eating and required caloric intake, promoting a healthy weight gain and maintaining a high quality of life in dogs with cancer.
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248
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Kusuda S, Hashizume R, Yoshikawa A, Kimpara H, Sanada N, Sanada Y. Reproductive status of a female white cockatoo (Cacatua alba) based on relationships among urofecal steroid hormone dynamics, molting, and body weight. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:207-213. [PMID: 36574998 PMCID: PMC10017294 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed reproductive physiology of cockatoos based on gonadal hormone dynamics is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate ovarian activity by monitoring urofecal sex steroid hormone profiles in a captive female white cockatoo (Cacatua alba) and to noninvasively reveal basic reproductive physiology by comparing the hormone profiles with the laying dates, body mass changes, and molt progress. Urofeces were collected regularly for approximately 4 years from one female that frequently laid unfertilized eggs under single-rearing conditions. Urofecal progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. In addition, body mass and the number of fallen feathers were measured periodically. The urofecal P4 concentration peaked at an average of 17.7 days after the start of the rise in urofecal E2 concentration, and egg laying began on the day after the peak urofecal P4 concentration. The clutch size was usually two eggs, with an average interval of 4.5 days between eggs in each egg-laying cycle. There was a significant correlation between the dynamics of E2 concentration in urofeces and body mass. The results strongly suggest that E2 and P4 reflect the follicle growth and ovulation status, respectively, and that noninvasive monitoring of hormone dynamics using urofeces can accurately capture ovarian activity in the white cockatoo. Furthermore, changes in body mass can predict follicular growth, and reproduction and molt are antagonistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kusuda
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryoko Hashizume
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akari Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kimpara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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249
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Harrison SJ, Siegel PB, Honaker CF, Lewis RM. Population dynamics of a long-term selection experiment in White Plymouth Rock chickens selected for low or high body weight. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102575. [PMID: 36907125 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The population dynamics of 2 lines of chickens from a long-term (59 generations) selection experiment were assessed based on pedigree data. These lines were propagated from phenotypic selection for low and high 8-wk BW in White Plymouth Rock chickens. Our objective was to determine whether the 2 lines maintained similar population structures over the selection horizon to allow meaningful comparisons of their performance data. A complete pedigree of 31,909 individuals, consisting of 102 founders, 1,064 from the parental generation, and 16,245 low weight (LWS) and 14,498 high weight (HWS) select chickens, was available. Inbreeding (F) and average relatedness (AR) coefficients were computed. Average F per generation and AR coefficients were 1.3 (SD 0.8) % and 0.53 (SD 0.001) for LWS, and 1.5 (SD 1.1) % and 0.66 (SD 0.001) for HWS. Mean F for the entire pedigree was 0.26 (0.16) and 0.33 (0.19), and maximum F was 0.64 and 0.63, in LWS and HWS, respectively. Based on Wright's fixation index, at generation 59, substantial genetic differences were established between lines. The effective population size was 39 in LWS and 33 in HWS. The effective number of founders was 17 and 15, effective number of ancestors were 12 and 8, and genome equivalents were 2.5 and 1.9 in LWS and HWS, respectively. About 30 founders explained the marginal contribution to both lines. By generation 59, only 7 male and 6 female founders contributed to both lines. Moderately high levels of inbreeding and low effective population sizes were inevitable, as this was a closed population. However, effects on the fitness of the population were expected to be less substantial because founders were a combination of 7 lines. The effective numbers of founders and ancestors were relatively low compared to the actual number of founders, as few ancestors contributed to descendants. Based on these evaluations, it can be inferred that LWS and HWS had similar population structures. Comparisons of selection responses in the 2 lines therefore should be reliable.
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250
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Lyu D, Sun S, Shan X, Wang W. Inbreeding evaluation using microsatellite confirmed inbreeding depression in growth in the Fenneropenaeus chinensis natural population. Front Genet 2023; 14:1077814. [PMID: 36845375 PMCID: PMC9947229 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1077814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding inbreeding depressions (IBDs), the effect on the phenotypic performance of inbreeding, is of major importance for evolution and conservation genetics. Inbreeding depressions in aquatic animals were well documented in a domestic or captive population, while there is less evidence of inbreeding depression in natural populations. Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, is an important species in both aquaculture and fishery activities in China. To investigate inbreeding depression in natural populations, four Fenneropenaeus chinensis natural populations (Huanghua, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, and Haiyang) were collected from the Bohai and Yellow seas. Microsatellite markers were used to evaluate individual inbreeding coefficients (F) of all samples. Furthermore, the effects of inbreeding on growth traits were investigated. The results showed marker-based F was continuous and ranged from 0 to 0.585, with an average of 0.191 ± 0.127, and there was no significant difference among the average F of the four populations. Regression analysis using the four populations showed inbreeding had a very significant (p < 0.01) effect on body weight. When analyzing a single population, regression coefficients were also all negative and those in Huanghua and in Qingdao were significant at the level of p < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively. Inbreeding depressions, expressed as the percent change in body weight per 10% increase in F, were 2.75% in Huanghua, 2.22% in Qingdao, and 3.69% in all samples. This study provided a piece of rare evidence of inbreeding depression in natural populations and also guidance toward the conservation of wild Fenneropenaeus chinensis resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujuan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Weiji Wang,
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