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Murillo R, Albrecht SS, Daviglus ML, Kershaw KN. The Role of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Explaining the Association Between Acculturation and Obesity Among Mexican-American Adults. Am J Health Promot 2014; 30:50-7. [PMID: 25162320 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.140128-quan-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated associations of acculturation with various types of activity (moderate-vigorous leisure-time physical activity [LTPA], moderate-vigorous work- and transportation-related physical activity, and sedentary activity), and whether these activities mediated the acculturation-obesity association among Mexican-Americans. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. SUBJECTS Mexican-American NHANES participants aged ≥20 years (n = 1902). MEASURES Demographic characteristics, physical activity, sedentary behavior, acculturation, and body mass index. ANALYSIS Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate associations of acculturation with categories of self-reported activity. Path analysis was used to test whether the activity measures mediated acculturation-obesity associations. RESULTS In adjusted models, compared to U.S.-born Mexican-Americans, foreign-born Mexican-Americans living in the United States for less than 10 years were significantly less likely to be in the highest LTPA and sedentary activity categories, and more likely to be in the highest total and transportation activity categories. Foreign-born Mexican-Americans living in the United States for 10 years or more were significantly less likely to engage in high sedentary activity but more likely to engage in high transportation activity. Sedentary behavior was the strongest mediator of the acculturation-obesity association, accounting for 40.7% and 57.1% of the total effect of acculturation on obesity among foreign-born Mexican-Americans living in the United States for less than 10 years and for 10 years or more, respectively, compared to U.S.-born Mexican-Americans. CONCLUSION Reducing sedentary behavior may lower the negative impact of acculturation on obesity.
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202
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Rachele JN, Cuddihy TF, Washington TL, McPhail SM. The association between adolescent self-reported physical activity and wellness: the missing piece for youth wellness programs. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:281-6. [PMID: 24709301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Potential positive associations between youth physical activity and wellness scores could emphasize the value of youth physical activity engagement and promotion interventions, beyond the many established physiological and psychological benefits of increased physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between adolescents' self-reported physical activity and wellness. METHODS This investigation included 493 adolescents (165 males and 328 females) aged between 12 and 15 years. The participants were recruited from six secondary schools of varying socioeconomic status within a metropolitan area. Students were administered the Five-Factor Wellness Inventory and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents to assess both wellness and physical activity, respectively. RESULTS Data indicated that significant associations between physical activity and wellness existed. Self-reported physical activity was shown to be positively associated with four dimensions including friendship, gender identity, spirituality, and exercise-the higher order factor physical self and total wellness, and negatively associated with self-care, self-worth, love, and cultural identity. CONCLUSION This study suggests that relationships exist between self-reported physical activity and various elements of wellness. Future research should use controlled trials of physical activity and wellness to establish causal links among youth populations. Understanding the nature of these relationships, including causality, has implications for the justification of youth physical activity promotion interventions and the development of youth physical activity engagement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome N Rachele
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thomas F Cuddihy
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracy L Washington
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven M McPhail
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Queensland Department of Health, Queensland, Australia
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203
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Stamatakis E, Grunseit AC, Coombs N, Ding D, Chau JY, Phongsavan P, Bauman A. Associations between socio-economic position and sedentary behaviour in a large population sample of Australian middle and older-aged adults: The Social, Economic, and Environmental Factor (SEEF) Study. Prev Med 2014; 63:72-80. [PMID: 24650626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with health-related behaviours but little is known about the socioeconomic gradient of sedentary behaviour. This study aims to assess the associations between SEP and multiple indicators of sedentary behaviour among Australian mid-to-older age adults. METHOD Multivariate analysis of 60,404 (>47years, 26,366 in paid employment) participants in the Social, Economic, and Environmental Factor Study, examining the associations between SEP (educational attainment, household income, and an area-level index of socioeconomic advantage) and self-reported daily time for total sitting, TV viewing, computer use, and car driving. Data was collected in 2010 in New South Wales, Australia. RESULTS For participants in paid employment, we found positive associations with all SEP indicators for total sitting and computer use time, and inverse associations for TV viewing. Driving time was inversely associated with education level only. We observed similar but less pronounced patterns of associations among participants not in paid employment. CONCLUSION Higher SEP is linked to higher total sitting and computer time, particularly among those in paid employment, and lower TV viewing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia; PARG (Physical Activity Research Group), Population Health Domain, University College London, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Anne C Grunseit
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ngaire Coombs
- PARG (Physical Activity Research Group), Population Health Domain, University College London, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Josephine Y Chau
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
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204
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Abstract
Inactivity leads to frailty and loss of function for older adults. Most older adults are sedentary. Participating in a regular routine of physical activity is recommended for maintaining physical function required to sustain quality of life and independence for older adults. Annual screening for level of physical activity is required to determine changes from year to year. Research shows older adults are more likely to initiate a regular routine of physical activity when a health care provider writes a prescription for physical activity including the type, frequency, and specific duration of physical activity sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E Rogers
- Department of Nursing, Donald W Reynolds Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence, College of Nursing, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 North Stonewall Avenue, Office 410, Oklahoma City, OK 73120, USA.
| | - Maria Cordeiro
- Department of Nursing, Reynolds Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence, College of Nursing, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1300 Olde North Place, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Erica Perryman
- Department of Nursing, Reynolds Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence, College of Nursing, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 North Stonewall Avenue, Office 472, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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205
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Abstract
Walking is the most natural physical activity to maintain and improve fitness and health. Walking downhill is usefully adopted to plan training programmes to improve the strength, particularly in older adults. The present research was aimed to evaluate the influence of downhill walking on leg strength in young adult. A total of 32 females (age 26 ± 4 years; height 1.64 ± 0.05 m; body mass 57.6 ± 5.6 kg) were divided into four groups and they carried out an exercise intervention consisting of three sessions per week for 6 weeks, each lasting 30 minutes. Groups were defined at several workloads characterised by treadmill inclination (%) and walking speed (m · s(-1)): Level Walking at treadmill inclination 0% and walking speed 1.0; Uphill Walking at +20%, 0.75; Downhill Walking (DW) at -20%, 1.36; and Mixed Walking at +20%, 0.75 and -20%, 1.36 each lasting 15 minutes. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) developed by the Quadriceps Femoris and Endurance Time at 60% MVC were evaluated before and after experimental period. At the end of each session, Borg's scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were adopted in order to evaluate perception of rate exertion and pain. Statistical analysis showed significant only in MVC for DW in both right and left legs. Borg's scale and VAS described light activity free of pain. Present findings showed how an eccentric exercise, short lasting and at a low workload, can be useful in inducing improvements in leg strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Rodio
- a Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health , University of Cassino e Southern Lazio , Cassino (FR) , Italy
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206
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Holmstrup M, Fairchild T, Keslacy S, Weinstock R, Kanaley J. Multiple short bouts of exercise over 12-h period reduce glucose excursions more than an energy-matched single bout of exercise. Metabolism 2014; 63:510-9. [PMID: 24439242 PMCID: PMC3965589 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long, uninterrupted bouts of sedentary behavior are thought to negatively influence postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. We examined the effects of a 1-h bout of morning exercise versus intermittent walking bouts of short duration on glucose excursions and insulin secretion over 12-h. MATERIALS/METHODS Eleven young, obese individuals (18-35 years, BMI>30kg/m(2)) with impaired glucose tolerance were studied on three 12-h study days: 1) sedentary behavior (SED); 2) sedentary behavior with 1-h morning exercise (EX) at 60%-65% VO2peak; and 3) sedentary behavior with 12-hourly, 5-min intervals of exercise (INT) at 60%-65% VO2peak. Meals (1046kJ/meal) were provided every 2-h. Blood samples were collected every 10 min and measured for glucose, insulin, and c-peptide concentrations. RESULTS Glucose iAUC (12-h) was attenuated in the INT and SED conditions compared to the EX condition (P<0.05). Glucose concentrations were higher in the EX compared to the SED condition for ~150min (20% of the study day), and comparison of the EX-INT study days revealed that glucose concentrations were greater for~240min (~1/3 of the 12-hday). In the SED condition, the 12-h insulin iAUC was ~15% higher (P<0.05) compared to the INT and EX conditions. Insulin production rate was found to increase ~20% with INT exercise vs. the SED and EX condition (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Short, frequent periods of exercise attenuated glucose excursions and insulin concentrations in obese individuals to a greater degree than an equal amount of exercise performed continuously in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holmstrup
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Fairchild
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
| | - Stefan Keslacy
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Weinstock
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jill Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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207
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Loprinzi PD, Lee H, Cardinal BJ. Daily movement patterns and biological markers among adults in the United States. Prev Med 2014; 60:128-30. [PMID: 24374055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the combined effects of sedentary (SED), light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on biological markers among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS Data from the 2003-2006 NHANES study was used, with 5580 adults (≥20years) included in the study. Participants wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer with accelerometry data used to create four movement pattern groups: ≥150min/week of MVPA and LPA≥SED; ≥150min/week of MVPA and LPA<SED; <150min/week of MVPA but LPA≥SED; and <150min/week of MVPA and LPA<SED. Blood samples were taken to assess various biological parameters (e.g., cholesterol). RESULTS 47.2% (SE: 1.2) of Americans engaged in <150min/week of MVPA and had a negative LPA-SED balance. In general, participants who engaged in ≥150min/week of MVPA, regardless of LPA-SED balance, had more favorable biological levels; however, there was evidence showing that even if individuals engaged in <150min/week of MVPA, but if their LPA exceeded SED, they had more favorable levels of triglycerides and insulin. CONCLUSIONS Programs are needed to increase American's engagement in MVPA, and also ensure that LPA exceeds SED behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Exercise Science, Bellarmine University, Donna & Allan Lansing School of Nursing & Health Sciences, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Hyo Lee
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bradley J Cardinal
- Program in Exercise and Sport Science, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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208
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Espinel PT, Chau JY, van der Ploeg HP, Merom D. Older adults' time in sedentary, light and moderate intensity activities and correlates: application of Australian Time Use Survey. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 18:161-6. [PMID: 24702944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding how older adults spend their time between active and sedentary activities is an important aspect of healthy ageing. This study examined the time spent in all-domains of sedentary, light and moderate intensity physical activities in old age and identified high-risk groups. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of Australian 2006 Time Use Survey. METHODS Participants comprised non-working older adults with at least one 24-h time use diary (n=992). Primary activities were recoded by activity domain and intensity. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratios of having high sedentary time, low light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and being insufficiently active (<30 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MVPA) by sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Older adults spent 223 and 121 min/day of their waking time in LIPA and MVPA, respectively, mostly (88%) attributed to household chores. One third of participants spent ≥600 min/day in sedentary activities, 63% spent ≥180 min/day in LIPA, 85% achieved sufficient levels of MVPA by all domains, but only 30% of participants by the leisure/transport domains. Neither age nor socio-economic indicators were associated with insufficient MVPA. Marital status and living arrangement were significant correlates of low MVPA and LIPA but moderated by gender. The only correlate of high sedentary time (>10 h/day) was disability or long-term health condition. CONCLUSIONS The majority of older Australians are sufficiently active when considering all domains. Household domain is the main source of LIPA and MVPA. In old age, prolonged sitting is associated with disability. Marital status and living arrangements can be used to identify physically inactive seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola T Espinel
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Josephine Y Chau
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hidde P van der Ploeg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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209
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Alosco ML, Spitznagel MB, Cohen R, Raz N, Sweet LH, Josephson R, Hughes J, Rosneck J, Gunstad J. Decreased physical activity predicts cognitive dysfunction and reduced cerebral blood flow in heart failure. J Neurol Sci 2014; 339:169-75. [PMID: 24581672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment in heart failure (HF) is believed to result from brain hypoperfusion subsequent to cardiac dysfunction. Physical inactivity is prevalent in HF and correlated with reduced cardiac and cognitive function. Yet, no longitudinal studies have examined the neurocognitive effects of physical inactivity in HF. The current study examined whether reduced physical activity increases risk for cognitive impairment and brain hypoperfusion over time in HF. METHODS At baseline and 12 months later, 65 HF patients underwent neuropsychological testing, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, and were asked to wear an accelerometer for seven days. RESULTS Lower baseline step count and less time spent in moderate free-living activity best predicted worse attention/executive function and decreased cerebral perfusion at the 12-month follow-up. Decreased baseline cerebral perfusion also emerged as a strong predictor of poorer 12-month attention/executive function. CONCLUSIONS Lower physical activity predicted worse cognition and cerebral perfusion 12 months later in HF. Physical inactivity in HF may contribute to cognitive impairment and exacerbate risk for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which physical inactivity leads to cognitive dysfunction in HF, including clarification of the role of cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, USA; The Institute on Aging, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, USA
| | - Naftali Raz
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Richard Josephson
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joel Hughes
- Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA; Cardiac Rehabilitation, Summa Health System, Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Jim Rosneck
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, Summa Health System, Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - John Gunstad
- Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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210
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Robbins LB, Pfeiffer KA, Wesolek SM, Lo YJ. Process evaluation for a school-based physical activity intervention for 6th- and 7th-grade boys: reach, dose, and fidelity. Eval Program Plann 2014; 42:21-31. [PMID: 24121658 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate the reach, dose, and fidelity of Guys Only Activity for Life (G.O.A.L.), a 7-week pilot intervention conducted from February to March 2011 to increase 6th and 7th grade boys' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). One middle school was randomly assigned to the G.O.A.L. intervention and another from the same urban school district in the Midwestern U.S. to a comparison condition. Thirty boys, ages 10-14 years, participated in each school. The intervention, guided by the Health Promotion Model (HPM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), consisted of a 90-min after-school physical activity club 4 days/week and one motivational interviewing session with a registered (school) nurse. Data were gathered via attendance records, club observations, heart rate monitors, audio-taping of motivational interviewing sessions, and surveys. On average boys attended the club 2.11 days/week (SD=.86). A trained independent process evaluator reported that the physical activity club instructors provided the boys with the opportunity for a mean of 25.8 min/day of MVPA. Using a four-point Likert scale (1=disagree a lot; 4=agree a lot), the process evaluator perceived that the club was delivered with high fidelity and adherence to the underlying theories (M=3.48; SD=0.39). Sessions with the nurse lasted an average of 13 min, 29 s. All boys attended. Two trained independent coders indicated that the nurse demonstrated at least beginning proficiency for all tasks associated with motivational interviewing, with the exception of using sufficient open- as opposed to closed-ended questions and reflections compared to questions. Fidelity related to session delivery and adherence to the theories was high (M=3.83; SD=0.19). The process evaluation data indicated that strategies are needed to increase attendance and boys' MVPA during the club time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine B Robbins
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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211
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Hamer M, Poole L, Messerli-Bürgy N. Television viewing, C-reactive protein, and depressive symptoms in older adults. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 33:29-32. [PMID: 23665253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence for a link between sedentary behavior and mental health, although the mechanisms remain unknown. We tested if an underlying inflammatory process explains the association between sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms. We conducted a two year follow-up of 4964 (aged 64.5±8.9 years) men and women from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a cohort of community dwelling older adults. Self-reported TV viewing time was assessed at baseline as a marker of leisure time sedentary behavior. The eight-item Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was administered to measure depressive symptoms at follow-up. At baseline, TV time was associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), adjusted geometric mean CRP values were 2.94 mg/L (<2 h/d TV); 3.04 mg/L (2-4 h/d TV); 3.29 mg/L (4-6 h/d TV); 3.23 mg/L (>6 h/d TV). We observed both a direct association of TV time on CES-D score at follow-up (B=0.08, 95% CI, 0.05, 0.10) and indirect effects (B=0.07, 95% CI, 0.05, 0.08). The indirect effects were largely explained through lack of physical activity, smoking, and alcohol, but not by CRP or body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hamer
- Population Health Domain Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Psychobiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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212
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Hinckson EA, Hopkins WG, Aminian S, Ross K. Week-to-week differences of children's habitual activity and postural allocation as measured by the ActivPAL monitor. Gait Posture 2013; 38:663-7. [PMID: 23548581 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of sitting and standing is possible with the ActivPAL accelerometer, using algorithms to classify activity into time spent sitting, standing and stepping. The purpose of this study was to determine children's week-to-week differences in time spent sitting/lying and standing along with other measures as provided by the ActivPAL accelerometer during continuous wearing of the ActivPAL monitor. METHODS Fifty-six children (age 10.2±0.9 years, mean±SD) were recruited from 30 urban schools in Auckland, New Zealand. Children wore the monitor for 24h per day up to 14 days. Analyses were performed with mixed modeling. Reliability was expressed as change in the mean from week to week, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). RESULTS Mean week-to-week differences in percent time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping on week days and weekend days for girls and boys were typically small. Step and sit-to-stand counts differences were small and unclear respectively. ICC values ranged from 0.40 to 0.79 during week days and 0.25-0.60 during weekends. SEM for time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping were ∼3.5%, ∼2.5% and ∼1.5% respectively. CONCLUSION The ActivPAL showed moderate to low week-to-week reliability for habitual activity and postural allocation under free living conditions in boys and girls. Interventions aimed at a moderate reduction in sitting time (∼5% of the day) will require modest sample sizes for adequate precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Hinckson
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Centre for Child Health Research, Institute of Public Health and Mental Health, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, New Zealand.
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213
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Harrington DM, Barreira TV, Staiano AE, Katzmarzyk PT. The descriptive epidemiology of sitting among US adults, NHANES 2009/2010. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 17:371-5. [PMID: 23988785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using NHANES 2009/2010, to describe the amount of time a representative sample of the U.S. population spends sitting by age, sex, ethnicity, education, and body mass index. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. METHODS Participants (n=5911, ≥20 years) self-reported demographic variables and the amount of time they spend sitting on a typical day. Body mass index was calculated from measured height and weight. RESULTS Mean self-reported sitting time was 285min/day for males and 281min/day for females. Mexican-Americans reported sitting less than both non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks (all p<0.0001). Non-Hispanic White males reported sitting more than non-Hispanic Black males, while Non-Hispanic White females reported sitting more than Other Hispanic females (both p<0.0001). No significant differences were found between sexes in any age group. There was a trend for increased sitting time with increasing age for females (p for trend=0.0045), for all Mexican-American and Hispanic participants and non-Hispanic Black males (all p≤0.006) and with increasing education (p for trend <0.0001). At the College Graduate level, females reported sitting less than males (p<0.0001). Obese females reported sitting more than normal weight and overweight females (p=0.0008). There were no significant differences in sitting time by body mass index for males. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported sitting time differed by ethnicity, age group, education and body mass index but there was no overall difference by sex. These results represent the most up to date prevalence of self-reported sitting for the US adult population. Certain groups should be targeted to reduce sitting time, for example those with higher educational attainment and obese females.
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214
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Loprinzi PD. Association between accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior and objectively-measured hearing sensitivity in older US adults. Prev Med 2013; 57:143-5. [PMID: 23707813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between sedentary behavior and hearing sensitivity among a nationally representative sample of older US adults. METHODS Data from the 2003-2006 NHANES study was used, with 682 older adults (≥ 55 years) included in the study. Participants wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer to measure sedentary behavior and hearing sensitivity was objectively measured in a sound-isolating room. RESULTS After adjustments, and comparisons to those with moderate or greater hearing loss, participants 65 years and older with hearing within normal limits (coefficient=-0.07; 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.01) engaged in less sedentary behavior; participants with mild hearing loss (coefficient=0.02; 95% CI: -0.01-0.07) did not differ in sedentary behavior than those with moderate or greater hearing loss. Sedentary behavior was not associated with hearing among those 55 and older. CONCLUSIONS Adults 65 and older with hearing in normal limits engage in less sedentary behavior than their counterparts with moderate or greater hearing loss. Evaluation and implementation of strategies to limit sedentary behaviors among older adults with greater hearing impairment, in particular, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Bellarmine University, Department of Exercise Science, Donna & Allan Lansing School of Nursing & Health Sciences, Louisville, KY 40205, USA.
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215
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McCormack GR, Hawe P, Perry R, Blackstaffe A. Associations between familial affluence and obesity risk behaviours among children. Paediatr Child Health 2013; 16:19-24. [PMID: 22211068 DOI: 10.1093/pch/16.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of studies examining associations between socioeconomic status and obesity among children are mixed. OBJECTIVE To examine whether physical activity, television viewing, computer use, and fruit, vegetable, soft drink and sweet consumption differed according to familial affluence of children attending schools in disadvantaged communities. METHOD A total of 218 children (seven to 11 years of age) recruited from three Calgary (Alberta) schools located in two adjacent socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods completed online surveys during the spring of 2005/2006. The number of days per week participating in vigorous physical activity for more than 20 min, and weekly frequency of fruit, vegetable, sweet and soft drink consumption were collected. Time spent watching television and using a computer during a normal school day was also captured. A family affluence scale was used to assess socioeconomic status (number of family holidays in the past year, ownership of motor vehicles and computers, and bedroom sharing). Associations between familial affluence and obesity risk behaviours were estimated using Pearson's correlation and demographic-adjusted logistic regression ORs. RESULTS Higher family affluence scale scores were significantly associated with weekly fruit consumption (r=0.14). Children with lower affluence were less likely to participate in vigorous physical activity five days/week or more (OR=0.39), and to use a computer for more than 2 h/day (OR=0.41) than children with higher affluence. Linear trends between familial affluence and the likelihood of participating in physical activity and using a computer were also found. However, no other behaviours were related to affluence. CONCLUSIONS Increasing opportunities for physical activity and accessibility to healthy food may be important for reducing obesity risk among less affluent children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Population Health Intervention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
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216
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van Stralen MM, Yıldırım M, Wulp A, te Velde SJ, Verloigne M, Doessegger A, Androutsos O, Kovács É, Brug J, Chinapaw MJM. Measured sedentary time and physical activity during the school day of European 10- to 12-year-old children: the ENERGY project. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 17:201-6. [PMID: 23707474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe the time devoted to sedentary and physical activities at school in five European countries and to examine differences according to country, sex, ethnicity, parental education and weight status. DESIGN cross-European cross-sectional survey. METHODS Primary schoolchildren (n=1025) aged 10-12 years in Belgium, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, and Switzerland wore accelerometers for at least six consecutive days. Only weekdays were used for this study to calculate the percentages of school-time spent in sedentary activities and moderate to vigorous intensity activity. Trained research assistants measured height and weight. Sex and date of birth were self-reported by the child and parental education and ethnicity were parent-reported. RESULTS European schoolchildren spent on average 65% of their time at school in sedentary activities and 5% on moderate to vigorous intensity activities, with small differences between countries. Girls spent a significant larger amount of school-time in sedentary activities (67%) than boys (63%; p<0.0001), and spent less time in moderate to vigorous intensity activities (4% versus 5%; p<0.001). Overweight children spent significantly less time in moderate to vigorous intensity activities (4%) than normal weight children (5%,p < 0.01) [corrected]. Parental education or ethnicity were not associated with time spent in sedentary or physical activities. CONCLUSIONS European schoolchildren spend a small amount of their school-time in moderate to vigorous intensity activities and a large amount in sedentary activities, with small but significant differences across countries. Future interventions should target more physical activities and less sedentary time at school particularly in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje M van Stralen
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and the Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mine Yıldırım
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and the Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wulp
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and the Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia J te Velde
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maïté Verloigne
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Éva Kovács
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Johannes Brug
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and the Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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217
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Douris PC, Ingenito T, Piccirillo B, Herbst M, Petrizzo J, Cherian V, McCutchan C, Burke C, Stamatinos G, Jung MK. Martial arts training attenuates arterial stiffness in middle aged adults. Asian J Sports Med 2013; 4:201-7. [PMID: 24427479 PMCID: PMC3880664 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Arterial stiffness increases with age and is related to an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Poor trunk flexibility has been shown to be associated with arterial stiffness in middle-aged subjects. The purpose of our research study was to measure arterial stiffness and flexibility in healthy middle-aged martial artists compared to age and gender matched healthy sedentary controls. Methods Ten martial artists (54.0 ± 2.0 years), who practice Soo Bahk Do (SBD), a Korean martial art, and ten sedentary subjects (54.7 ± 1.8 years) for a total of twenty subjects took part in this cross-sectional study. Arterial stiffness was assessed in all subjects using pulse wave velocity (PWV), a recognized index of arterial stiffness. Flexibility of the trunk and hamstring were also measured. The independent variables were the martial artists and matched sedentary controls. The dependent variables were PWV and flexibility. Results There were significant differences, between the SBD practitioners and sedentary controls, in PWV (P = 0.004), in trunk flexibility (P= 0.002), and in hamstring length (P= 0.003). Conclusion The middle-aged martial artists were more flexible in their trunk and hamstrings and had less arterial stiffness compared to the healthy sedentary controls. The flexibility component of martial art training or flexibility exercises in general may be considered as a possible intervention to reduce the effects of aging on arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Douris
- Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, USA
- Address: Department of Physical Therapy New York Institute of Technology Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA.
| | - Teresa Ingenito
- Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Barbara Piccirillo
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Meredith Herbst
- Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - John Petrizzo
- Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Vincen Cherian
- Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Burke
- Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - George Stamatinos
- Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Min-Kyung Jung
- New York York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
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218
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Mitra A, Dewanjee D, Dey B. Mechanistic studies of lifestyle interventions in type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2012; 3:201-7. [PMID: 23301122 PMCID: PMC3538986 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v3.i12.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of lifestyle interventions in the non-pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes via a mechanistic approach.
METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was carried out on 60 type 2 diabetic male and female volunteers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with their proper consent and permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission for 1 year. 30 patients were included in the test group and 30 patients in the control group. Demographic details, anthropometrical status, physical activity, food habits and blood glucose lipid profile of the volunteers were recorded at baseline, the test group was directed for lifestyle intervention and final blood glucose lipid data were collected at the end of one year of patient follow-up.
RESULTS: After 1 year, the test group who had a lifestyle intervention was found to show a significant improvement in blood glucose lipid profile. The fasting plasma glucose level (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose level (PPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) values of the test group were reduced significantly, up to 145 ± 2.52, 174 ± 2.59, 6.3 ± 0.32 and 25 ± 0.41 respectively at the end of the study period, in comparison to the control group where FPG, PPG, HbA1c and BMI values were 193 ± 3.36, 249 ± 4.24, 7.2 ± 0.42 and 26 ± 0.65 respectively. Improvement in the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) values of the test group was also remarkable in comparison to the control group. The TC, TG, HDL and LDL values of the test group were reduced significantly, up to 149 ± 3.32, 124 ± 2.16, 58 ± 0.62 and 118 ± 2.31, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The significant improvement in the blood glucose lipid profile of the test group after 1 year signifies the value of non-pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes via lifestyle intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analava Mitra
- Analava Mitra, Debasis Dewanjee, Baishakhi Dey, School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur 721302, India
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219
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Touré K, Ba A, Menta I, Samb A, Seck D, Cissé F. [Comparative study of repolarization in professional footballers and in sedentary black senegalese]. Mali Med 2012; 27:13-18. [PMID: 30049074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the EKG of Senegalese black football players in comparison with sedentary adults of the same age by focusing on repolarization. 100 high-level football players and 50 Senegalese black sedentary adults have each had 12 classic recordings. The ST segment elevation or depression presented no significant difference between both groups. Without taking into account the amplitude of the T wave, the frequency of the negative T waves in each recording was significantly higher in the soccer player's than in the sedentary group. Early repolarization is more frequent in the sportsmen's compared to the sedentary but without significant statistical difference. As for the QTc interval, no significant difference between the two groups was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Ba
- Laboratoire Physiologie UCAD Dakar Sénégal
| | | | - A Samb
- Laboratoire Physiologie UCAD Dakar Sénégal
| | - D Seck
- Laboratoire Physiologie UCAD Dakar Sénégal
| | - F Cissé
- Laboratoire Physiologie UCAD Dakar Sénégal
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220
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Chatterjee P, Banerjee AK, Das P, Debnath P. A regression equation for the estimation of maximum oxygen uptake in nepalese adult females. Asian J Sports Med 2010; 1:41-5. [PMID: 22375191 PMCID: PMC3289163 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Validity of the 20-meter multi stage shuttle run test (20-m MST) has not been studied in Nepalese population. The purpose of this study was to validate the applicability of the 20-m MST in Nepalese adult females. METHODS Forty female college students (age range, 20.42 ~24.75 years) from different colleges of Nepal were recruited for the study. Direct estimation of VO(2) max comprised treadmill exercise followed by expired gas analysis by scholander micro-gas analyzer whereas VO(2) max was indirectly predicted by the 20-m MST. RESULTS The difference between the mean (±SD) VO(2) max values of direct measurement (VO(2) max = 32.78 +/-2.88 ml/kg/min) and the 20-m MST (SPVO(2) max = 32.53 + /-3.36 ml/kg/min) was statistically insignificant (P>0.1). Highly significant correlation (r=0.94, P<0.01) existed between the maximal speed of the 20-m MST and VO(2) max. Limits of agreement analysis also suggest that the 20-m MST can be applied for the studied population. CONCLUSION The results of limits of agreement analysis suggest that the application of the present form of the 20-m MST may be justified in the studied population. However, for better prediction of VO(2) max, a new equation has been computed based on the present data to be used for female college students of Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Chatterjee
- Department of Physiology, SR College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, India
- Department of Physical Education, Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
- Corresponding Author: Address: Reader & HOD, Department of Physiology, S. R. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, India. E-mail:
| | - Alok K Banerjee
- Department of Physical Education, Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Paulomi Das
- Department of Physiology, Nepalgunj Medical College, Chisapani, Banke, Nepal
- Department of Physical Education, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Parimal Debnath
- Department of Physical Education, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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