[Surgical strategy for juxtapapillary ulcers of the duodenum]

Results of surgical treatment of 89 patients with ulcer of the duodenum with postbulbar localization were studied. A classification of postbulbar ulcers was proposed taking into consideration the degree of involvement of bile-excreting pathways and major duodenal papilla into the periulcerous process. In extrapapillary ulcers without involvement of bile-excreting pathways in the cicatricial-ulcerous process resection of the stomach after Bilroth I is recommended with performing gastroduodenal anastomosis with a single layer suture. Resection of the stomach supplemented with biliodigestive anastomosis is recommended in cases with suprapapillary ulcers with the involvement of choledochus. Mechanical jaundice complicated by juxtapapillary ulcer can be cut off by endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. Fulfillment of pancreatoduodenal resection is possible in cases of deep injury of the pancreatic head.

[Choice of the operation for perforated ulcers of the stomach and duodenum]

Actual questions of diagnostics and treatment of 776 patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers are discussed. The most informative method of the diagnosis, particularly covered perforation, is laparoscopy. Decision on the operation must be individually grounded. Radical operations were performed in 599 patients with 2% postoperative lethality. Lethality after suturing of the perforation was 10.3%, after resection operations--4.1%, after suturing the perforation in combination with selective proximal vagotomy--0.3%.

[Morphological reasoning of the resected tissue volume by the perforated ulcer of the duodenum]

102 tissue samples, resected during treatment of the perforated duodenal ulcers. The most pronounced fibroplastic and acute inflammatory tissue changes were registered in the immediate perforation zone and 0,5 sm above. At a distance of 1,0 sm these changes become less evident. Therefore, in patients with the perforated duodenal ulcer and palpable surrounding infiltrate less than 3,0 sm in diameter, the resection line should be no shorter than 1,0 sm away from the perforation.

[Minimal resections in surgical treatment of perforative duodenal ulcers]

289 patients were operated on the reason of perforative duodenal ulcer. Omental tamponade of the ulcer after Oppel-Policarpov was performed in 260 (90%) cases; traditional ulcer closure with omental support - in 13 (4,5%); excision of the ulcer - in 4 (1,4%); truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty - in 9 (3,1%) and gastric resection was performed in 3 (1%) patients. After 277 operations "of minimal volume" major complications were registered in 21 (7,6%) patients with lethal outcomes in 9 cases. All patients received adequate antiulcer drug treatment. Follow-up results, obtained in 153 patients, demonstrated good results of the operation and nonrecurrent course in 133 (86,9%) cases. The omental tamponade of the ulcer after Oppel-Policarpov proved to be the method of choice in treatment of the perforative duodenal ulcer. Early beginning of antiulcer conservative treatment after the operation provide excellent results and stable recovery.

[Tactics of surgical treatment of patients with complicated peptic ulcer disease]

Article presents the results of medical treatment after peptic ulcer surgery. I group--59 patients with late complications after peptic ulcer surgery and II group--16 patients with complications of peptic ulcer disease, operated in presence of absolute indications. 13C-UBT and RUT of biopsy material were used to diagnose Hp infection. Hp positive patients received antibacterial treatment. After 1 month from the end of therapy and 1 year after Hp eradication control investigations by 13C-UBT and endoscopy were performed. 77.3% of all and 84.4% of early non treated patients were Hp positive. All patients (of I and II gr.), who followed control testing after antibacterial treatment were finally detected as Hp negative. In I group, control endoscopy revealed epitelization or scarring of ulcer and reduction of inflammatory changes in gastric and duodenal mucosa in all 44 cases of eradication of Hp infection (in 2 patients with peptic ulcer of GEA ulcer relapsed in later). In II group, in 8 patients, who received antibacterial treatment additionally to surgical method, any late complications after surgery were not revealed. In other 6 Hp positive patients: 2--ulcer recurrence and 2--development of chronic gastritis of operated stomach were noted, which required the treatment of Hp infection in future. It is concluded that 1)surgery does not change Hp-status of patients and Hp infection retains in more than 80% of cases; 2) ulcer recurrence, chronic gastritis of operated stomach or its stump are associated with Hp and regress after Hp eradication; 3) progression of gastritis into atrophic remain after surgery, which increases risk of cancer development and there is possibility of its regression after antibacterial treatment of Hp infection. The recommendations were worked out: 1) perforated, bleeding or stenosing ulcer must be treated only by ulceroraphy, suturing or pyloroplasty respectively, added with subsequent Hp eradication therapy for the prevention of late complications after peptic ulcer surgery; 2) vagotomy or partial gastrectomy must be a forced intervention in cases of decompensate pylorostenosis, resistant to treatment ulcers, as ulcers non-healing or recurring after adequate conservative treatment. Subsequent verification and eradication of Hp infection are necessary.

Late results of a simple closure technique and Helicobacter pylori eradication in duodenal ulcer perforation

BACKGROUND AND AIM

The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients operated on for duodenal ulcer perforation and to evaluate the late results of a simple closure technique in patients positive and negative for H. pylori.

METHODS

The data of 84 patients who underwent simple closure for duodenal ulcer between 2003-2007 were retrospectively studied. Antral biopsy material taken from all patients during laparotomy was studied with the rapid urease test and the patients were then separated into 2 groups. Group 1 (H. Pylori positive) received postoperative H. pylori eradication treatment, and Group 2 (H. pylori negative) received only lansaprasol treatment after surgery. All patients were evaluated with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy on the 6th and 14th postoperative weeks. Primary treatment failure was considered in patients who had non-healing ulcers after 14 weeks. Patients with healed ulcers were scheduled for annual examinations. The results were compared between the groups.

RESULTS

The rate of H. pylori infection in duodenal ulcer perforation was found to be 80.9%. Ulcer healing rates on the postoperative 6th and 14th weeks were 88.2% and 97.5% in the first group, and 68.8% and 81.2% in the second group, respectively. Mean postoperative follow-up was 41.28 +/- 17.63 (range 17-73) months. Ulcer recurrence rate was found to be 4.54% in Group 1 and 30.76% in group 2 (p = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONS

All patients with a perforated peptic ulcer should be treated with simple closure of the perforation followed by medical therapy aimed at healing the ulcer. We believe that H. pylori negative patients have more risk of recurrence and such patients require close postoperative follow-up.

Laparoscopic correction of perforated peptic ulcer: first choice? A review of literature

BACKGROUND

Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU), despite antiulcer medication and Helicobacter eradication, is still the most common indication for emergency gastric surgery associated with high morbidity and mortality. Outcome might be improved by performing this procedure laparoscopically, but there is no consensus on whether the benefits of laparoscopic closure of perforated peptic ulcer outweigh the disadvantages such as prolonged surgery time and greater expense.

METHODS

An electronic literature search was done by using PubMed and EMBASE databases. Relevant papers written between January 1989 and May 2009 were selected and scored according to Effective Public Health Practice Project guidelines.

RESULTS

Data were extracted from 56 papers, as summarized in Tables 1-7. The overall conversion rate for laparoscopic correction of perforated peptic ulcer was 12.4%, with main reason for conversion being the diameter of perforation. Patients presenting with PPU were predominantly men (79%), with an average age of 48 years. One-third had a history of peptic ulcer disease, and one-fifth took nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Only 7% presented with shock at admission. There seems to be no consensus on the perfect setup for surgery and/or operating technique. In the laparoscopic groups, operating time was significant longer and incidence of recurrent leakage at the repair site was higher. Nonetheless there was significant less postoperative pain, lower morbidity, less mortality, and shorter hospital stay.

CONCLUSION

There are good arguments that laparoscopic correction of PPU should be first treatment of choice. A Boey score of 3, age over 70 years, and symptoms persisting longer than 24 h are associated with higher morbidity and mortality and should be considered contraindications for laparoscopic intervention.

[Migration of gastrostomy button as a cause of duodenal ulcer and upper digestive bleeding]

PEG or Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a well known and widely used procedure. With adequate methodology of instrumentation and follow up it has very low rate of complications directly related or non-related to the procedure. Such complications include accidental retirement, wound infection, deterioration of tube, migration to sub-cutaneous tissue and others. We present a case in which a patient with long history of PEG shows up at our ER with melena (upper GI bleeding).

[Surgical treatment of patients with recurrent postoperative complicated duodenal ulcers]

Complex examination and surgical treatment, using various organ-preserving operations, was done in 54 patients, suffering recurrent postoperative complicated duodenal ulcers. Performance of pathogenetically unsatisfactory volume of the first operation, technical faults, absence of pathogenetically substantiated therapy in postoperative period had constituted the causes of unsatisfactory results of the first operation. Reconstructive organ preserving intervention, consisting of impact on all chains of recurrent ulcerogenesis, with subsequent pathogenetically substantiated rehabilitation of patients, were consider the operation of choice.

Principles of source control in the management of sepsis

The term "source control" encompasses all those physical measures used to control a focus of invasive infection and to restore the optimal function of the affected area. Source-control measures can be categorized into 3 broad modalities: drainage controls the liquid component of an infection by converting a closed space infection to a controlled sinus or fistula; debridement is the physical removal of solid necrotic tissue (removal of an infected device can be considered a form of debridement); definitive measures seek to restore optimal function to the involved area. This article discusses specific approaches to source control in the abdomen, chest, and skin and soft tissues.

[The choice of surgical tactics in patients with unstable hemostasis and gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding]

Treatment results of 476 patients with acute gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding were analyzed. Men comprised 75% (n=357), women - 25% (n=119). All patients were divided in two groups. Treatment principles of patients of the first group (36.8%; n=175) were based on active conservative treatment. Surgery was performed in 70.3%, postoperative lethality comprised 12.2%, overall mortality was 9.7%. Second group consisted of 301 patients (63.2%). Individual based active surgical treatment was performed, including clinical and endoscopic evaluation of local hemostasis, prognostic criteria of bleeding recurrence, differential approach in time, extent and method of the applied surgery. Operative treatment was used in 81.1% of patients of the second group, postoperative lethality comprised 9.8%, overall mortality was 8.0%. Emergency operations were performed in 43.6% (n=160) of all patients, early elective surgery in 56.4% (n=207). Postoperative lethality comprised 10.6%, overall mortality rate was 8.6%. Therefore, individual based active surgical treatment proved to be preferable. Gastric resection showed to be more advisable then organ-preserving operations, considering emergency ulcer surgery.

[Is it possible to expand the indications for primary radical operations for perforated gastric and duodenal ulcer?]

A retrospective analysis of 365 completed patient records received by the duty surgical hospital with perforated gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. All the patients were operated on urgently. Diagnosis of purulent peritonitis was set 17% of patients, "serous"--47.4%, "seroplastic"- 35.6%. 75.3%, perform suturing of perforated openings, regardless of the form of peritonitis. The remaining 24.7%--interventions that address as a perforation, and the impact on the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. When radical surgery, which were performed in selected patients even with purulent peritonitis, deaths were reported. And when suturing the ulcer defect lethality was 14.5%. In this group of patients were comparable in age and severity of general condition. It is concluded that that the operations of suturing perforated ulcers were used unnecessarily broad, and the majority of patients admitted to hospital with a perforated stomach ulcer and duodenum may increase the volume of surgical benefit for radical treatment of complications as well as most of peptic ulcer.

[Surgical tactics and causes of death in ulcer gastroduodenal bleedings]

4212 patients with ulcer gastrointestinal bleedings were treated during 1990-2007 years. 364 patients had gastric ulcers, other patients had duodenal ulcers. 1819 patients (43.2%) were operated. 418 patients (23%) were operated due to ineffective endoscopic hemostasis and recurrent bleedings. 409 patients (22.5%) underwent urgent operations because of risk for recurrent bleeding. Elective operations were carried out to 1358 patients (74.7%). Postoperative lethality amounted 5.8% including 19.1% lethality after emergency operations, 4.2% lethality - after urgent operations and 0.8% lethality - after delayed operations. The general hospital lethality amounted 3.3%. Lethality can be decreased by extension of indications for urgent operations, preventing recurrent bleedings.

[Laparoscopic treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer: 84 cases in Tunisia]

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of the laporascopic treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer.

METHODS

This retrospective study included patients who underwent laparoscopic treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer during the seven-year period from 2001 to 2007. The procedure included direct suture of the perforated ulcer followed by peritoneal lavage. All patients received medical treatment including Helicobacter pylori eradication and proton pump inhibitor therapy.

RESULTS

A total of 84 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery for perforated duodenal ulcer during the study period. There were 81 men and 3 women with a mean age of 28 years. Laparoscopic examination confirmed diagnosis of perforated duodenal ulcer in all cases. Direct suture of the ulcer was successful in 72 cases. In the remaining 12 cases conversion to open surgery was necessary due to difficulty in achieving peritoneal lavage in 6 cases, ulcer size and edge friability in 5, and septic shock in one. The mean duration of the procedure was 95 minutes (range, 60 to 180 minutes). The mean postoperative complication rate was 15.4%. Complications included peritonintis in one case and digestive fistula in one. There were no postoperative deaths. All patients were re-examined after 25 months. Two patients presented recurrences after the laparoscopic treatment and required tri-therapy.

CONCLUSION

Laparoscopic suture of perforated duodenal ulcer is safe and effective. It avoids the need for laparotomy that is associated with a risk for septic and parietal complications. Since medical treatment is effective for ulcerous disease, there are currently no indications for radical treatment.

[Preoperative delay in patients with peptic ulcer perforation: a clinical audit from the Danish National Indicator Project]

INTRODUCTION

Mortality following perforated peptic ulcer in Denmark is nearly 30%. Delayed surgery is a prognostic factor, but only half of the patients are operated within six hours of perforation - a predefined quality of care criterion in The Danish National Indicator Project. A clinical audit was conducted to investigate possible reasons.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

All patients (n = 89) surgically treated for peptic ulcer perforation in six university hospitals in Denmark over a period of one year were included. The association between a number of predefined variables related to the internal organisation of health care, the patient's pathological picture and the quality of treatment given, and a preoperative delay of at least 6 hours was examined using modified Poisson regression analyses.

RESULTS

The following variables were associated with a preoperative delay = 6 hours: 1) out of hospital versus in hospital perforation (adjusted relative risk (RR) 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-4.05), 2) no classical clinical symptoms of ulcer perforation (adjusted RR with peritonism 0.32; 95% CI 0.14-0.73), 3) first physician attendance later than median time, i.e. > 25 minutes after debut (adjusted RR 2.78; 95% CI 1.32-5.87), 4) first attendance not by senior physician (adjusted RR 1.97; 95% CI 0.95-4.05) and/or senior physician not called in (adjusted RR 2.53; 95% CI 1.12-5.75), and 5) oxygen saturation not monitored upon admission (adjusted RR 1.45; 95% CI 0.73-2.91).

CONCLUSION

Although of limited size, this audit suggests that long preoperative delay in patients with peptic ulcer perforation is associated with factors related to both the internal organisation of the healthcare system, the patient's pathological picture, and the quality of diagnosis and treatment given.

[Duodenogastric reflux in patients with recurrent postoperative complicated duodenal ulcers]

Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) was revealed in 52.6% patients, suffering recurrent postoperative complicated duodenal ulcers (RPOCDU). Pylorodestructive operations performance, pyloric involvement into ulcerative infiltrate and absence of chronic duodenal impassability (CHDI) correction during the first operation done had constituted the DGR occurrence causes. While establishing the indications for elective operation performance as well as choosing the surgical method of the RPOCDU treatment it is necessary to take into account the presence and severity degree of DGR. Surgical treatment of DGR must obligatory include not only the pyloric preservation and strenghtening, but the CHDI correction as well. Selective periarterial sympathectomy of duodenum constitutes an effective method, improving her tone without pyloric innervations disturbing.