[Acute myopia with increased intraocular pressure due to a decompensated juvenile diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]

We report on a 33-year-old woman, whose diabetes mellitus was kept under control with depot insulin and diet for 18 years. One evening she notices blurred vision in both eyes which markedly increased during the following days. We found flat anterior chambers, an increased ocular pressure up to 34 mm Hg, and a myopia up to-3,5 D. on both sides. Bloodsugar tests revealed varying results. After the diabetic metabolic state was normalized, the myopia and the raised intraocular pressure ceased to exist.

Anomalous myopias and the intermediate dark focus of accommodation

The dark focus of accommodation for an individual observer correlates highly with the magnitude of night, empty field, and instrument myopia. These anomalous myopias are interpreted as resulting from the passive return of accommodation to an individually determined intermediate dark focus when the stimulus for accommodation is degraded or absent, or when the need for accommodation is eliminated.

["Implicit time". Practical and theoretical aspects]

52 normal subjects were studied as control for our "Ganzfeld" method of E.R.G. Separately 132 patients with different retinopathies; inflammatory and degenerative (or dystrophic) were studied and results compared and discussed. It seems that the amplitude is involved - diminished - in some retinopathies, but implicit time only when widespead alteration of neuro-epithelim accured.

[Pigment glaucoma. Scanning-electronmicroscopic findings. (author's transl)]

In case of a patient suffering from pigment glaucoma trabeculectomy was performed on both eyes. In one trabecular section the outer wall of Schlemm's canal, and in the other the trabecular framework were investigated by scanning-electronmicroscopy. The intertrabecular spaces were largely blocked by pigment granula, which, in some places, were stored in the clump cells of the iris. Even the outer wall of Schlemm's canal was dotted with pigment granula. The scanning-electronmicroscopic findings revealed the pigmental drainage blocking of the aqueous humour and explained the acute pressure rise in the pigment glaucoma with wide iridocorneal angle by an acute obstruction of the already largely blocked intertrabecular spaces.

Lacquer crack lesions in pathologic myopia

In evaluating the anatomic and functional status of 22 eyes of 14 patients demonstrating lacquer cracks, these lesions occurred in the eyes of young adults with posterior staphylomas and markedly increased axial lengths. Decreased visual acuity and altered visual fields were the rule; choroidal hemorrhage and focal chorioretinal atrophy were less frequently associated. Fluorescein angiography revealed early and late pseudofluorescence and late staining of the lesions. These clinical data suggest that lacquer cracks represent healed, mechanical breaks in the pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane-choriocapillaris complex. The presence of these lesions implies a guarded prognosis for the retention of central vision.

Application of visually evoked response near the threshold of vision to objective measurement of dark adaptation

The visually evoked response (VER) to dim lights with intensities within the scotopic or lower mesopic range increased in amplitude during the progressive dark adaptation. The VER amplitude vs. time curve resembled the psychophysical dark adaptation curve. The spectral sensitivity curve of the dark-adapted VER matched the C.I.E. scotopic sensitivity curve. The dark-adapted VER was abnormal in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and with congenital stationary night blindness and recordable in a patient with cone dysfunction. There was a close correlation between the VER threshold and subjective threshold of visual perception. The dark-adapted VER may be useful as an objective index of dark adaptation.

[The influence of the eye prominence on the EOG potential level (author's transl)]

The influence of globe prominence on the electro-oculogram potential level was measured in patients with unilateral protrusio bulbi, myopia or hyperopia. The EOG potential level on the side with the more prominent globe was lower if the prominence was due to protrusion. If the prominence was due to myopia, the EOG potential was higher compared to the contralateral non-myopic eye. In hyperopic eyes the potential level was lower.

The assessment of near vision

There are many variables in the physiology of near vision, the end-point criteria, the types available, and the measurements made. I have suggested a hard criterion of the smallest print at the nearest distance. This controls the physiological variables and provides repeatable data for the evaluation of vision, accommodation, and binocular function.

Congenital stationary nightblindness

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Differential diagnosis between the primary total choroidal vascular atrophies

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