Phase I evaluation of piperazinedione in patients with advanced cancer

The effects of iv administered piperazinedione were studied in 28 evaluable adult and eight evaluable pediatric patients with advanced cancer. Piperazinedione produced predictable myelosuppression of moderate degree at dosages of 3--3.5 mg/m2/day X 5 days by iv injection. When given in this manner, nausea and vomiting did not occur. Single iv doses of 10--15 mg/m2 produced mild-to-moderate nausea and vomiting and mild myelosuppression. Thrombocytopenia was more severe than leukopenia in both schedules. The drug produced comparable dose-related effects in adults and children. Although no therapeutic response was observed in the adults, a partial remission of 6 months' duration was seen in one child with Hodgkin's disease.

Purification and in vitro labeling of interferon from a human fibroblastoid cell line

Interferon was produced from a clonal human fibroblastoid line. This cell line was derived from an established fibroblastoid culture treated with ethylmethane sulfonate and is capable of producing higher amounts human interferon than primary human fibroblast cultures. The interferon produced from this cell line was purified by concanavalin A and phenyl-Sepharose column chromatography followed by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified interferon was then labeled with [125I]-iodine, with [3H]5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-chloride and with sodium [3H]borohydride after periodate oxidation. An appreciable amount of biological activity was retained after both tritium labelings but not after iodination. When subjected to electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate all three radioactive interferon preparations comigrated with the purified interferon preparation as a single protein component with a molecular weight of 19,000. Both purified and radioactive preparations were also shown to migrate with the antiviral activity in polyacrylamide gels in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The specific activity of purified interferon preparations ranged from 2 X 10(8) to 10 X 10(8) units/mg of protein.

Chemical modifications of tyrosyl residue(s) and action of human-fibroblast interferon

Partially purified and purified human fibroblastoid interferon were iodinated and nitrated under experimental conditions in which the most likely amino acyl residue modified was tyrosine(s). The modification resulted in a loss of human interferon activity suggesting that tyrosyl residue(s) is associated with the antiviral action of human interferon.

Suggested models of ecotaxopathy in lymphoreticular malignancy. A role for iron-binding proteins in the control of lymphoid cell migration

In the present paper we apply the "ecotaxis hypothesis" to the analysis of lymphocyte distribution in Hodgkin's disease and other forms of lymphoid malignancy. The results lead us to consider the possiblity that metal-binding proteins, namely ferritin, transferrin and lactoferrin, play a role in lymphocyte ecotaxopahty. It is suggested that in Hodgkin's disease, a failure of lymph node and spleen monocytes to handle iron normally could explain most of the hematologic, immunologic, pathologic, and epidemiologic features of the disease.

Ecotaxis: the principle and its application to the study of Hodgkin's disease

A study of the function, characterization and distribution of T and B lymphocytes in five children with Hodgkin's disease is presented. The results, indicating that lymphocyte depletion in the peripheral blood does not necessarily reflect an overall lack of circulating lymphocytes, are presented to demonstrate that failure of ecotaxis (normal lymphocyte migration and distribution) can occur in man. The underlying reasons for such failure and their relevance to the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease are discussed.

The changing management of childhood Hodgkin's disease

Between 1929 and September 1974, 211 children under 15 years of age with biopsy-proven Hodgkin's disease were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. For analysis these patients were placed into three historical groups which displayed the most marked changes in diagnostic workup and therapy. They are as follows: Pre-1959-80 patients with "clinical" staging, local field radiation therapy, palliative chemotherapy; 1960-1969-86 patients with lymphangiographic staging, extended field radiation therapy, palliative chemotherapy; 1970-September 1974-45 patients with "contemporary" staging, including laparotomy, involved field radiation therapy, and/or multiple drug chemotherapy. Twenty-seven children with Stage IV disease at diagnosis or those with recurrent disease received this multiple drug regimen. This consisted of Adriamycin, followed by combined prednisone, procarbazine, and vincristine, then cyclophosphamide. Drug cycles were repeated every 3-4 months for a period of about 24 months. Twenty-five achieved remission, 20 complete and 5 partial. The median duration of complete remission was 18 plus months. This multidisciplinary management of Hodgkin's disease has shown early, encouraging results. Longer followup is needed to determine that this improvement in survival will persist into adulthood.

Multidisciplinary treatment of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children

Twenty-nine children under 15 years of age with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma were treated according to a multidisciplinary protocol (T-2). The protocol consisted of surgical removal of the tumor if possible, followed by chemotherapy, and also with radiation therapy in patients with gross or microscopic residual disease. Radiation therapy was given in the 4500-7000 rads range. The chemotherapy consisted of cycles of sequential administration of dactinomycin, Adriamycin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide, with obligatory periods of rest. The drug therapy was continued for 2 years. Following surgery, clinicopathologic staging of the disease revealed 10 patients with no residual disease (I-A), 5 with microscopic residual disease (I-B), 5 with unresectable tumors (II), 6 with unresectable tumors plus regional lymph node involvement (III), and 3 with disseminated tumors (IV). Twenty-four (82%) of the patients (20 Stages I-II, 4 Stage III) are alive with no evidence of disease for 4 plus to 42 plus months. These results are superior to those achieved between 1960-1970 among 108 children treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.

The rationale for multiple drug chemotherapy in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma

Based on our prior experience in treating children with metastatic osteogenic sarcoma, a multidrug regimen was developed. Nine children with evaluable osteogenic sarcoma were treated with vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 on day 1, highdose methotrexate 200-300 mg/kg i.v. on day 2, with p.o. citrovorum factor "rescue" 9 mg every 6 hours x 12, followed in 2 weeks by cyclophosphamide 40 mg/kg i.v., then 2 weeks later Adriamycin 1.5 mg/kg/day x 2; in 2 weeks cyclophosphamide was repeated. After a 2-week rest, the 56-day cycle was repeated for a total period of 1 year. Oropharyngeal mucositis was the most frequent severe manifestation of gastrointestinal toxicity. Hematologic depression was mild to severe. Nine patients with clinically evaluable osteogenic sarcoma and no previous chemotherapeutic treatment were treated with this regimen. One patient had only a transient shrinkage in tumor mass, and one patient had no progression of multiple pulmonary and bone metastases for 16 months while on therapy. Of the remaining seven patients, all had clinically significant responses with tumor regression demonstrated for from 5 to 20+ months. Four of these patients (three presenting with primary tumor and pulmonary metastases) demonstrated regression of their primary tumor. In an attempt to increase the cure rate in osteogenic sarcoma, chemotherapy that has proven to be effective against metastatic osteogenic sarcoma should now be employed as prophylactic therapy, after amputation, at cancer treatment centers where it can be safely and effectively administered.

Usefulness of Serum Lipase, Esterase, and Amylase Estimation in the Diagnosis of Pancreatitis—a Comparison

Sera of 19 individuals with clinically established pancreatitis were analyzed for lipase activity on emulsion-type and aqueous substrates. Serum amylase concentrations were compared. Results obtained on the first and subsequent days of hospitalization clearly indicated that methods for lipase determination in which an emulsion-type substrate is used are of the greatest aid in diagnosing pancreatitis (90 to 92% of patients with pancreatitis had supranormal results). Amylase determinations were nearly as useful as an index (78% correlation), but "lipase" values obtained with methods in which aqueous substrates are used had limited clinical usefulness (29 and 32% correlation). Serum lipase elevations in cases of pancreatitis were generally greater than amylase elevations, with some exceptions. Serum lipase should be determined with a method in which emulsion-type substrates are used. Lipase and amylase values supplement one another.