BioAggregate and iRoot BP Plus optimize the proliferation and mineralization ability of human dental pulp cells

AIM

To investigate the cytotoxicity of BioAggregate and iRoot BP Plus root canal sealer (iRoot BP Plus) to human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and their effect on proliferation and mineralization of hDPCs and to compare their performance with that of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

METHODOLOGY

Human dental pulp cells were seeded onto the prepared BioAggregate, iRoot BP Plus and MTA, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 cell proliferation kit on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. ALP activity was measured to evaluate the cell differentiation potential on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The expression of odontoblastic differentiation-related genes (dentine phosphoprotein, dentine matrix protein-1 and osteocalcin) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical tests used were one-way anova and post hoc Tukey's test.

RESULTS

The proliferation of hDPCs in the MTA group was suppressed throughout the culture period, whereas the BioAggregate group and the iRoot BP Plus group first significantly increased cell numbers on day 1 (P < 0.01) and then decreased on day 3 to day 7. ALP activity was enhanced in all the three groups from day 3, whilst iRoot BP Plus showed significantly higher ALP activity than MTA (P < 0.01). qRT-PCR indicated that both BioAggregate and iRoot BP Plus groups were associated with a higher upregulation of mineralization and odontoblastic differentiation-associated gene expressions as compared to MTA group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

BioAggregate and iRoot BP Plus were nontoxic and able to induce mineralization and odontoblastic differentiation-associated gene expression in hDPCs.

Secondary degeneration detected by combining voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics in subcortical strokes with different outcomes in hand function

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Secondary degeneration of the pyramidal tract after focal motor pathway stroke has been observed by diffusion tensor imaging. However, the relationships between outcomes in hand function and secondary degeneration in widespread regions are not well understood. For the first time, we investigated the differences of secondary degeneration across the whole brain between subgroups of patients with stroke.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We selected 23 patients who had a subcortical stroke in the left motor pathway and displayed only motor deficits. The patients were divided into 2 subgroups: CPH (11 patients) and PPH (12 patients). Twelve healthy controls matched for age and handedness were also recruited. We used both optimized VBM and TBSS to explore differences of FA across the whole brain between CPH and PPH. Furthermore, ROI analysis was carried out in the identified regions detected by VBM analysis to further quantify the degree of secondary degeneration in the CPH and PPH and compare these with healthy controls.

RESULTS

Compared with PPH, FA was significantly decreased in the CPH in widespread regions of the motor system remote from the primary lesion, including the ipsilesional brain stem, medial frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, supplementary motor area, and contralesional postcentral gyrus. In addition, FA within these identified regions correlated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores (hand+wrist).

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests a potential biomarker for outcome differences in hand function after subcortical stroke.

Reduced regional gray matter volume in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a voxel-based morphometry study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Decreased oxygen supply may cause neuronal damage in the brains of patients with COPD, which is manifested by clinical symptoms such as neuropsychological deficits and mood disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate brain gray matter change in COPD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Using voxel-based morphometry based on the high-resolution 3D T1-weighted MR images of GM volume, we investigated 25 stable patients with COPD and 25 matching healthy volunteers. A battery of neuropsychological tests was also performed.

RESULTS

Patients with COPD (versus controls) showed reduced GM volume in the frontal cortex (bilateral gyrus rectus, bilateral orbital and inferior triangular gyri, and left medial superior gyrus), right anterior insula, cingulate cortex (left anterior and middle gyri, right middle gyrus), right thalamus/pulvinar, right caudate, right putamen, right parahippocampus, and left amygdala. In COPD, in some of these regions, regional GM volume had positive correlations with arterial blood po(2), while in some regions, regional GM volume had negative correlations with disease duration. Patients with COPD (versus controls) had poorer performance in the Mini-Mental State Examination, Visual Reproduction, and Figure Memory tests. Moreover, the GM volume in the inferior triangular frontal cortex in patients with COPD was significantly correlated with the Picture Memory score.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest GM reductions in a number of brain regions in COPD, which were associated with disease severity and may underlie the pathophysiologic and psychological changes in patients with COPD.

Patterns in cortical connectivity for determining outcomes in hand function after subcortical stroke

Background and Purpose

Previous studies have noted changes in resting-state functional connectivity during motor recovery following stroke. However, these studies always uncover various patterns of motor recovery. Moreover, subgroups of stroke patients with different outcomes in hand function have rarely been studied.

Materials and Methods

We selected 24 patients who had a subcortical stroke in the left motor pathway and displayed only motor deficits. The patients were divided into two subgroups: completely paralyzed hands (CPH) (12 patients) and partially paralyzed hands (PPH) (12 patients). Twenty-four healthy controls (HC) were also recruited. We performed functional connectivity analysis in both the ipsilesional and contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) to explore the differences in the patterns between each pair of the three diagnostic groups.

Results

Compared with the HC, the PPH group displays reduced connectivity of both the ipsilesional and contralesional M1 with bilateral prefrontal gyrus and contralesional cerebellum posterior lobe. The connectivity of both the ipsilesional and contralesional M1 with contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex was reduced in the CPH group. Additionally, the connectivity of the ipsilesional M1 with contralesional postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule and ipsilesional inferior parietal lobule was reduced in the CPH group compared with the PPH group. Moreover, the connectivity of these regions was positively correlated with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores (hand+wrist) across all stroke patients.

Conclusions

Patterns in cortical connectivity may serve as a potential biomarker for the neural substratum associated with outcomes in hand function after subcortical stroke.

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China

BACKGROUND

The Wenchuan earthquake was a catastrophic earthquake in China. The aim of this study is to explore longitudinally the rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake, and to identify independent predictors of PTSD.

METHOD

PTSD and depression symptoms among adolescents at 6, 12 and 18 months after the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated using the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Subjects in this study included 548 high school student survivors in a local boarding high school.

RESULTS

The rates of PTSD symptoms were 9.7%, 1.3% and 1.6% at the 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-ups, respectively. BDI scores were found to be the best predictor of severity of PTSD at 6, 12 and 18 months. Gender was another variable contributing significantly to PTSD at 6 and 12 months after the earthquake. In the 12-month follow-up, home damage was found to be a predictor of severity of PTSD symptoms. Being a child with siblings was found to be a predictor of severity of PTSD symptoms at 12 and 18 months after the earthquake.

CONCLUSIONS

PTSD symptoms changed gradually at various stages after the earthquake. Depression symptoms were predictive of PTSD symptoms in the 18-month follow-up study. Other predictors of PTSD symptoms included female gender and being a child with siblings. The results of this study may be helpful for further mental health interventions for adolescents after earthquakes.

Multiple intravenous infusions phase 1b: practice and training scan

BACKGROUND

Minimal research has been conducted into the potential patient safety issues related to administering multiple intravenous (IV) infusions to a single patient. Previous research has highlighted that there are a number of related safety risks. In Phase 1a of this study, an analysis of 2 national incident-reporting databases (Institute for Safe Medical Practices Canada and United States Food and Drug Administration MAUDE) found that a high percentage of incidents associated with the administration of multiple IV infusions resulted in patient harm.

OBJECTIVES

The primary objectives of Phase 1b of this study were to identify safety issues with the potential to cause patient harm stemming from the administration of multiple IV infusions; and to identify how nurses are being educated on key principles required to safely administer multiple IV infusions.

DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS

A field study was conducted at 12 hospital clinical units (sites) across Ontario, and telephone interviews were conducted with program coordinators or instructors from both the Ontario baccalaureate nursing degree programs and the Ontario postgraduate Critical Care Nursing Certificate programs. Data were analyzed using Rasmussen's 1997 Risk Management Framework and a Health Care Failure Modes and Effects Analysis.

RESULTS

Twenty-two primary patient safety issues were identified with the potential to directly cause patient harm. Seventeen of these (critical issues) were categorized into 6 themes. A cause-consequence tree was established to outline all possible contributing factors for each critical issue. Clinical recommendations were identified for immediate distribution to, and implementation by, Ontario hospitals. Future investigation efforts were planned for Phase 2 of the study.

LIMITATIONS

This exploratory field study identifies the potential for errors, but does not describe the direct observation of such errors, except in a few cases where errors were observed. Not all issues are known in advance, and the frequency of errors is too low to be observed in the time allotted and with the limited sample of observations.

CONCLUSIONS

The administration of multiple IV infusions to a single patient is a complex task with many potential associated patient safety risks. Improvements to infusion and infusion-related technology, education standards, clinical best practice guidelines, hospital policies, and unit work practices are required to reduce the risk potential. This report makes several recommendations to Ontario hospitals so that they can develop an awareness of the issues highlighted in this report and minimize some of the risks. Further investigation of mitigating strategies is required and will be undertaken in Phase 2 of this research.

Untreated cavitated dentine lesions: impact on children's quality of life

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the impact of dental caries prevalence and the consequences of untreated cavitated dentine lesions on quality of life of 6- and 7-year-old Brazilian children. A total of 826 schoolchildren were assessed using ICDAS and pufa (to score consequences of dental caries on soft tissues) indices. History of extraction and toothache was recorded. Oral health-related quality of life was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the prevalence of dentine carious lesions, pufa, history of extraction and toothache with the B-ECOHIS scores. A total of 587 questionnaires were analyzed. The prevalence of cavitated dentine lesions and pufa was 74.8 and 26.2%, respectively. Some 21.8% of children reported toothache and 9.2% had had at least one tooth extraction. The chance (OR) for children with cavitated dentine lesions, pufa ≥1, history of extraction and toothache of having higher B-ECOHIS scores than those not affected was 1.90 (95% CI: 1.18-3.06), 6.26 (95% CI: 3.63-10.83), 6.87 (95% CI: 2.75-17.16) and 3.68 (95% CI: 2.12-6.39), respectively. Children's quality of life was negatively influenced by untreated cavitated dentine lesions and their consequences.

P3-07-13: Validation and Comparison of Models To Predict Nonsentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients with Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Background: Several models for predicting the risk of nonsentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) have been developed. Independent validation of these models in different populations is necessary before clinical application. This study aimed to validate and compare these models in Chinese patients.

Patients and Methods: A total of 159 breast cancer patients with positive SLNs treated at our institution were included. Chi-squared tests, RP-ROC, CART and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for NSLN involvement in our population. ROC curves, calibration plots and false-negative (FN) rates were evaluated for 11 reported models. The threshold of each model for classifying patients into the low-risk group was adjusted to render the FN rate close to 10%.

Results: In total, 81 (50.9%) patients had at least one NSLN involvement. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the number of negative SLNs (P&lt;0.01, HR=0.63) and the metastasis size of the positive SLNs (P&lt;0.01, HR=1.15) independently predicted the NSLN status in our population. The Cambridge and Mou models outperformed the others, both with AUCs of 0.73. The other models performed as follows: the Mayo, Tenon, MDA, MSKCC, Ljubljana, SNUH and Louisville models had AUCs of 0.68, 0.66, 0.66, 0.64, 0.62, 0.61 and 0.60, respectively. The Stanford and Saidi models did not present any discriminative capabilities, with AUCs of 0.54 and 0.50, respectively. The Cambridge, MSKCC and Mayo models were well calibrated. The Ljubljana model did not calibrate well.

Biological characteristics of a cell subpopulation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES

To isolate the CD133+CD44+ cells from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) Tca8113 cell line and investigate biological characteristics of them.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Immunomagnetic microbeads were applied to sort the CD133+CD44+ cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect isolation purity. The proliferation, clone-formation efficiencies, invasion and migration, gene expressions, and tumor-formation abilities were analyzed among CD133+CD44+, CD133-CD44-, and total population of cells.

RESULTS

The average purities of CD133+ and CD44+ cells reached 97.3% and 98.7%, respectively. The proliferation of CD133+CD44+ cells was significantly higher than the other two groups. The clone-forming efficiency of three groups was 70%, 8%, and 14%, respectively. The average invaded and migrated cell numbers of CD133+CD44+ and total population cells were 132 and 36.2, 311.6, and 156.2, respectively. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Sox2 in CD133+CD44+ cells were significantly higher than those in total population cells. A total of 10(4) CD133+CD44+ cells could form secondary tumors in nude mice, while the total population group needed 10(6) cells.

CONCLUSIONS

The CD133+CD44+ subpopulation cells possess stem-like characteristics. They appear to be the potential targets for future biology therapy of human TSCC.

Emu model of full-range femoral head osteonecrosis induced focally by an alternating freezing and heating insult

The emu, a large bipedal bird with hip joint biomechanics similar to humans, was used to establish an experimental model of femoral head osteonecrosis and subsequent femoral head collapse. Focal lesions were induced in 20 adult male emus using an alternating liquid nitrogen freezing and radiofrequency heating insult. At 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-surgery, hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Before the emus were sacrificed, barium sulphate was infused to the lower extremity to study blood vessel distribution patterns. Femoral samples were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and evaluated histologically. Hip MRI showed changes from broad oedema to femoral head collapse. Emus developed a crippled gait from post-operative week 6. Micro-CT scans and histology showed human-like osteonecrotic changes with an impaired local blood supply. The protocol resulted in consistent full-range osteonecrosis of the femoral head that may serve as a model for testing potential treatments.

Sequential extraction study of stability of adsorbed mercury in chemically modified activated carbons

Activated carbons chemically modified with sulfur and bromine are known for their greater effectiveness in capturing vapor Hg from coal combustion and other industrial flue gases. The stability of captured Hg in spent activated carbons determines the final fate of Hg and is critical to devising Hg control strategy. However, it remains a subject that is largely unknown, particularly for Br-treated activated carbons. Using a six-step sequential extraction procedure, this work evaluated the leaching potential of Hg captured with four activated carbons, one lignite-derived activated carbon, and three chemically treated with Br(2), KClO(3), and SO(2). The results demonstrated clearly the positive effect of Br- and SO(2)-treatment on the stability of captured Hg. The Hg captured with brominated activated carbon was very stable and likely in the form of mercurous bromide complex. Sulfur added at high temperature with SO(2) was able to stabilize a majority of Hg by forming sulfide and possibly sulfonate chelate. The presence of sulfate however made a small fraction of captured Hg (<10%) labile under mild conditions. Treating activated carbon with KClO(3) lowered the overall stability of captured Hg. A positive dependence of Hg stability on Hg loading temperature was observed for the first time.

Expression of smoothened in mouse embryonic maxillofacial development

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays many key roles in the development of Drosophila and vertebrate embryos including regulation of craniofacial development. The seven-transmembrane protein, smoothened (Smo) transduces the Hh signal across the plasma membrane as an essential receptor of PTCHED1/2. There are few studies that evaluate the detailed expression of Smo in mouse embryonic craniofacial development. We investigated the expression patterns of Smo during murine embryonic craniofacial development using in situ hybridization (ISH), studies of whole-mounts and sections, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real time PCR, and Western blot analysis. We found that Smo mRNA was expressed in the face of mouse embryos at 11 and 12.5 days post coitum (dpc). After 13.5 dpc, the expression decreased to a low level and was faintly detected after birth. Smo protein could be detected also in embryos at 11, 12.5, and 14.5 dpc. After 15.5 dpc, the expression was very faint and paralleled the gene expression studies. No expression was detected in whisker follicle during facial development and faint signal was detected in Meckel's cartilage. These findings concerning Smo expression should guide further investigation of sonic Hh signaling pathway gene function during maxillofacial development.

Intrapericardial pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting tumor. Most cases are intra-adrenal, and intrapericardial pheochromocytomas are extremely rare. We report a case of a 30-year-old woman with a seven-year history of hypertension. The concentration of blood noradrenaline was found to be elevated. Chest computed tomography scan showed a limited bulge in the superior border of the right atrium. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the existence of a tumor. Coronary arteriography detected a mass near the right atrium, which was nourished by an aberrant branch of the right coronary artery. After preoperative preparation, the patient underwent pericardial tumor resection. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient was successfully discharged 20 days later.

Porous Polymer-Ceramic Systems for Tissue Engineering Support the Formation of Mineralized Bone Matrix

Osteoblast cell differentiation and bone formation using rat calvaria cells were studied on the surface of a porous 3-dimensional polymer matrix of 50:50 poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA)/ hydroxyapatite (HA). Cell proliferation was determined at 24 hr, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Exponential growth was observed during the first week and a steady increase in the population continued until 21 days after cells were seeded. Cell growth kinetics on PLAGA/HA showed an exponential pattern. Environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of multilayers of cells growing throughout the polymer matrices by day 7 and through day 21. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was demonstrated after 21 days of culture on PLAGA/HA using a commercial diagnostic kit. Light microscopy observations of experiment cultures revealed active osteoblastic cells forming a characteristic mineralized matrix in the presence of β-glycerophosphate as a phosphate donor. Mineralization was not seen when the matrix alone was incubated with the reagent, indicating that the mineralization was due to the cells and not the HA in the matrix. These results suggested that the 3-dimensional PLAGA/HA matrix studied provided an excellent matrix for bone cell differentiation and mineralization in vitro and therefore may be a good candidate as a synthetic implant for bone regeneration.

Abstract P6-14-09: Acute-Phase Reactions Following Treatment with Zoledronic Acid or Denosumab: Results from a Randomized, Controlled Phase 3 Study in Patients with Breast Cancer and Bone Metastases

Background: Intravenous (IV) bisphosphonates (BP) are currently used to treat bone metastases and prevent skeletal-related events (SRE) in patients with advanced breast cancer. In a phase 3 study, denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, was shown to be superior to zoledronic acid (ZA) in delaying or preventing SREs in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases. This prespecified analysis compares ZA and denosumab for the incidence of acute-phase reactions (flu-like syndrome including pyrexia, chills, flushing, bone pain, arthralgias, and myalgias) during the first 3 days after initial treatment in that study.

Methods: Eligible patients were randomized in a double-blind, double-dummy fashion to receive IV ZA 4 mg (adjusted for creatinine clearance as specified by the Zometa label) or subcutaneous denosumab 120 mg every 4 weeks. Most patients (99%) were women; mean (SD) age was 57 (12) years, and baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. Safety analyses were conducted in patients who received ≥1 dose of denosumab (N=1020) or ZA (N=1013). Patient records were searched for adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs that occurred during the first 3 days after the first administration of study drug, using 37 prespecified MedDRA 12.0 preferred terms potentially indicating acute-phase reactions. Per study protocol, AEs were considered serious if they were fatal, life-threatening, required or prolonged in-patient hospitalization, resulted in a persistent or significant disability, or were considered to present a significant medical hazard.

Results: AEs associated with acute-phase reactions in the first 3 days after treatment occurred in fewer patients in the denosumab group (10.4%) than in the ZA group (27.3%; P&lt;0.0001), and no events were attributed to denosumab. The most common acute-phase reaction AEs included pyrexia (0.9% denosumab, 11.5% ZA), fatigue (2.4% denosumab, 4.0% ZA), bone pain (1.3% denosumab, 3.6% ZA), chills (0.3% denosumab, 3.6% ZA), and arthralgia (1.5% denosumab, 3.2% ZA). No patients (0%) in the denosumab group and 10 patients (1%) in the ZA group reported serious AEs associated with acute-phase reactions during the first 3 days. These events included pyrexia (n=7); bone pain (n=2); and asthenia, back pain, chest pain, chills, headache, and malaise (n=1 each). For 6 of the 10 patients, events of pyrexia, chest pain, chills, and bone pain were resolved within 4 days. Three patients with serious acute-phase reaction AEs discontinued ZA treatment after the first dose. Conclusion: Patients treated with denosumab experienced no serious AEs of acute-phase reaction and significantly fewer overall AEs of acute-phase reaction than patients receiving ZA.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-14-09.