301
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Yamada G, Sakamoto Y, Mizuno M, Nishihara T, Kobayashi T, Takahashi T, Nagashima H. Electron and immunoelectron microscopic study of Dane particle formation in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology 1982; 83:348-56. [PMID: 7084614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The site of Dane particle formation in hepatocytes was studied by routine electron and immunoelectron microscopy of liver biopsy specimens from 10 patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic active hepatitis. With routine electron microscopy, core particles were abundant in cytosol, often adjacent to the cell membrane, and occasionally in the microvilli. Figures suggestive of budding of endoplasmic reticulum with a core particle into the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum were observed frequently. There were also figures suggestive of direct budding with a core particle from the surface of the cell. With the immunoelectron microscopy, the core particles were found to be positive for hepatitis B core antigen and the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. These findings suggest that the most plausible mode of formation of the Dane particle is by budding of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive endoplasmic reticulum membrane into the cisternae. In addition, formation of the Dane particle may also take place at the surface of the hepatocyte by a similar mechanism.
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302
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Kusuyama Y, Tanaka S, Sakatsuji K, Nishihara T, Saito K, Ikeda K, Inui J, Iwahashi Y. Central pontine myelinolysis: an immunofluorescent study. ACTA PATHOLOGICA JAPONICA 1982; 32:725-32. [PMID: 7051753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A young pregnant woman showing clinical symptoms of numbness, vertigo, diplopia, and amnesia with associated hypernatremia ran a fulminant course. At autopsy, an area or extensive demyelination in the center of the pons was found and a pathological diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis was made. Since definitive etiology and pathogenesis of the lesion have not been established, we investigated the role of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of this condition by retrospective immunofluorescent study; the result was negative. Possible factors related to the etiology and pathogenesis of the lesion in this case are discussed.
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303
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Yamada G, Mizuno M, Sakamoto Y, Nishihara T, Nagashima H. [Clinical picture and geographical pathology of non-B type hepatocellular carcinoma]. NIHON SHOKAKIBYO GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY 1982; 79:1290-7. [PMID: 6290719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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304
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Kusuyama Y, Nakamine H, Nishihara T, Saito K, Kawamura H, Uemura S, Koike M. Immunofluorescent autopsy study of congenital muscular dystrophy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1982; 24:194-6. [PMID: 7047263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1982.tb08801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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305
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Nishihara T, Kondo M, Nonaka T, Higashi Y. Location of calcium and phosphorus in ashed spores of Bacillus megaterium, determined by electron probe x-ray microanalysis. Microbiol Immunol 1982; 26:167-72. [PMID: 6806573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1982.tb00166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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306
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Kusuyama Y, Nishihara T, Saito K. [The secondary phase of Masugi nephritis in nude mice (author's transl)]. NIHON JINZO GAKKAI SHI 1982; 24:11-16. [PMID: 6980309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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307
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Kusuyama Y, Nishihara T, Saito K. Nephrotoxic nephritis in nude mice. Clin Exp Immunol 1981; 46:20-6. [PMID: 6978213 PMCID: PMC1536332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of T cells in the pathogenesis of murine nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN). The disease was produced by injecting congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their normal heterozygous (nu/+) littermates with rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antiserum. Within 2-4 weeks we noted marked thrombotic lesions and depositions of mouse IgG, IgM, C3 and rabbit IgG along the GBM in both groups of mice. There was no significant difference in the extent of glomerular involvement between the two groups of mice. We conclude that T cell immunodeficiency plays no role in the development of severe glomerular lesions in murine NTN.
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308
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Nishihara T, Yoshimoto I, Kondo M. Studies on the bacterial spore coat. IX. The role of surface charge in germination of Bacillus megaterium spores. Microbiol Immunol 1981; 25:763-71. [PMID: 6793815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1981.tb00080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The surface charge of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores was estimated to be negative, -0.2 ad -0.4 mueq/mg by colloidal titration using glycol chitosan (GCh) and methylglycol chitosan (MGCh), respectively, as positive colloids. MGCh, which reacts with all of the negatively charged groups including carboxylate, inhibited the second stage of the germination to result in semirefractile spores, but GCh, which reacts only with strong acidic groups such as phosphate, did not. The spores produced in a medium with limited phosphate had coats with low phosphate content and carried less negative charge, and they were induced to germinate with 0.4 mM KNO3, which is one-tenth of the minimum concentration required for the germination of the control spores. A similar increase in germinability was observed in spores incubated with calcium acetate. The results suggest that the role of the surface charge in germination is as follows. Strong acidic groups (such as phosphate) in the coat may block the action of ionic germinants and act as a barrier against the initiation of ionic germination. Positively charged compounds (such as calcium) may compensate for this blocking effect. Weak acidic groups (such as carboxylate) may be involved in the later stage of germination.
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309
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Mizuno M, Yamada G, Sakamoto Y, Nishihara T, Yumoto Y, Moritsugu Y, Nagashima H. Serodiagnosis of type A hepatitis by detection of immunoglobulin M-type antibody to hepatitis A virus. ACTA MEDICA OKAYAMA 1981; 35:77-84. [PMID: 6269362 DOI: 10.18926/amo/31270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Serum specimens from 12 patients with type A hepatitis were analyzed for immunoglobulin M-type antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HA). A recently developed solid-phase radioimmunoassay kit for IgM anti-HA (HAVAB-M, Abbott Laboratories) and a competitive binding radioimmunoassay kit (HAVAB, Abbott Laboratories) with or without 2-mercaptoethanol treatment, as modified by Yano et al. (Acta Hepatol. Jpn. 21, 704-712, 1980) were used to obtain an M-index. All specimens obtained within 60 days of the onset of illness and specimens from 2 of 4 patients later than 60 days after the onset were positive with the HAVAB-M test. This test gave negative results to sera which were positive for anti-HA by a standard HAVAB test in the following: 3 patients with type B hepatitis; 5 with non-A, non-B hepatitis; 11 healthy adults; and 10 sera strongly positive for rheumatoid factor. The M-index for type A hepatitis in sera within 30 days of the onset (mean value of the M-index, m, = 1.52; standard deviation, SD, = 0.25) was significantly higher than that for non-A hepatitis (m = 1.05; SD = 0.15) and for healthy adults (m = 1.02; SD = 0.10). The simplicity and usefulness of the HAVAB-M test in diagnosis of acute type A hepatitis over those measuring the M-index by HAVAB tests were shown by direct comparison of the results.
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310
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Nishihara T, Yutsudo T, Ichikawa T, Kondo M. Studies on the bacterial spore coat. (8) On the SDS-DTT extract from Bacillus megaterium spores. Microbiol Immunol 1981; 25:327-31. [PMID: 6789038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1981.tb00034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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311
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Uchida Y, Nishihara T, Ichikawa T, Kondo M. [The effect of various extraction procedures on germination of PCMB-treated Bacillus megaterium spores (author's transl)]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1981; 36:741-745. [PMID: 6808190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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312
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Nishihara T, Kusuyama Y, Gen E, Tamaki N, Saito K. Masugi nephritis produced by the antiserum to heterologous glomerular basement membrane. I. Results in mice. ACTA PATHOLOGICA JAPONICA 1981; 31:85-92. [PMID: 7015788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1981.tb00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotoxic activity of rabbit antisera to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) from three different donors (rat, gerbil, and man) was examined in mice of various strains. Animals receiving a small dose (0.1 ml) of anti-rat GBM or a large dose (0.3 ml X 2) of anti-gerbil GBM developed massive proteinuria and irreversible glomerular lesions which were identical to those seen in rats receiving anti-rat GBM, i.e. rat Masugi nephritis. Linear deposition of rabbit IgG, host's immunoglobulins and C3 was characteristically seen. Necrotizing changes and crescent formation accompanied by plasmic exudation, cellular proliferation and/or infiltration of PMNs and monocytes occurred after the injection. In animals receiving anti-human GBM, linear deposition of rabbit IgG and less marked glomerular changes were seen. The finding of no specificity in species between GBM antigens of rat and mouse indicates the usefulness of rat GBM for mouse Masugi nephritis or anti-GBM disease.
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313
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Abstract
The structure of the skeleton of spores of Bacillus megaterium was examined after ashing in a plasma asher and the elemental composition of the ashed whole spores was determined with an analytical electron microscope. All spores were ashed in situ although they shrank by about 15%. Even P and S, in addition to metals, were recovered well from ashed samples. Ash was rich in the core and the coat, and poor in the cortex. Ca, P, S, and Mg were detected in the core and coat of the spore of B. megaterium QM B1551. Ca in the core was markedly decreased by germination or autoclaving. In the spore of B. megaterium ATCC 19213, almost all of the ash was detected in the core and its elemental composition was similar to that of the core of the strain QM B1551 spore. These reuslts suggest strongly that the core is the site of Ca associated with dipicolinic acid.
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314
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Kusuyama Y, Nishihara T, Saito K. [Experimental glomerulonephritis in nude mice (author's transl)]. NIHON JINZO GAKKAI SHI 1980; 22:729-37. [PMID: 7206333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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315
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Nishihara T, Tomita M, Yamanaka N, Ichikawa T, Kondo M. Studies on the bacterial spore coat. (7) Properties of alkali-soluble components from spore coat of Bacillus megaterium. Microbiol Immunol 1980; 24:105-12. [PMID: 6770233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1980.tb00568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Properties of alkali-soluble components from the spore coat of Bacillus megaterium were examined by physicochemical methods. They were composed of acidic polypeptides of various molecular weights with small amounts of phosphorus and sugar. They were allowed to dissociate to unit components by incubation with SDS. The major component was partially purified by gel filtration, and shown to have a mean molecular weight of about 11,000.
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316
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Mills DR, Kramer FR, Dobkin C, Nishihara T, Cole PE. Modification of cytidines in a Q beta replicase template: analysis of conformation and localization of lethal nucleotide substitutions. Biochemistry 1980; 19:228-36. [PMID: 6986163 DOI: 10.1021/bi00542a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The solution conformation of MDV-1( + ) RNA, a small RNA template replicated autocatalytically in vitro by Q beta replicase, was investigated with sodium bisulfite, a reagent that selectively converts single-stranded cytidines to uridines. The reactivity of 45 of the 76 cytidines in MDV-1( + ) RNA was determined by nucleotide sequence analysis. Only 14 of these 45 cytidines were converted to uridine. Treatment of the RNA with methoxyamine, another single-strand-specific cytidine modification reagent, gave results in good agreement with the bisulfite data. The limited reactivity of MDV-1 ( + ) RNA with these reagents indicates that it is a highly structured molecule. A secondary structure consistent with the chemical modification data is proposed. Modification of MDV-1 ( + ) RNA by bisulfite renders it inactive as a template for RNA replication. This inactivation and the modification of the cytidines at the 3' end of the molecule occur at very similar rates. By using a short complementary RNA "mask" to protect just these cytidines, we demonstrated that the loss of activity resulted from their modification. This implies that one or more of the cytidines in the 3'-terminal sequence is required for template activity and that changes within this sequence can have lethal consequences. The effects of modification elsewhere in the sequence are discussed.
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317
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Nishihara T. [Diet for patients with pregnancy toxemias]. JOSANPU ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL FOR MIDWIFE 1980; 34:34-8. [PMID: 6900685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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318
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Urch UA, Nishihara T, Hedrick JL. The use of radioiodinated protein substrates for the assay of trypsin and the hatching enzyme from the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Anal Biochem 1979; 100:352-6. [PMID: 525784 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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319
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Nishihara T. Growth and sporulation of auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis in a medium with limited nutrients. Microbiol Immunol 1979; 23:727-34. [PMID: 120486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1979.tb00515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth and sporulation were examined for 30 auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis in a chemically defined medium with suboptimal amounts of nutrients. All strains except for some adenine-requiring mutants could not overtake sporulation stage II when amino acids, vitamins, or bases were limited, whereas they sporulated fairly well without limitation. Abnormal structures, a cell with thickened cell wall and a cell with several refractile bodies, were found in some strains after the vegetative growth stopped.
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320
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Sarala PK, Nishihara T, Oh SJ. Meralgia paresthetica: electrophysiologic study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979; 60:30-1. [PMID: 420568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conduction velocity of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was studied orthodromically. The mean value in 20 control subjects was 57.51 +/- 8.61 (SD) m/sec. In 9 patients with meralgia paresthetica, the sensory nerve condition in the symptomatic nerves was definitely abnormal: nerve potential was absent in 6 and condition velocity was slow in 3. In 1 patient, a possible asymptomatic entrapment neuropathy was suggested by this test. Conduction velocity of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve can be used as an objective diagnostic aid in meralgia paresthetica.
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321
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Ito M, Nishihara T, Magaribuchi T, Koshimizu K. [Three cases of hemolytic Streptococcus infection in guinea-pigs (author's transl)]. JIKKEN DOBUTSU. EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS 1978; 27:177-81. [PMID: 668816 DOI: 10.1538/expanim1978.27.2_177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Three cases of naturally occurring hemolytic streptococcus infection were detected in guinea-pigs which had been delivered from different sources to the Division of Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, during the period from November, 1976, till February, 1977. The clinical manifestations of the infection were differentiated into two types; ie, the acute type with sepsis and pneumonia as main pathologic changes, and the chronic type with abscess formation of submaxillary lymph node. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was isolated from the conjunctiva of about 56% of these guinea-pigs. Healthy guinea-pigs housed with spontaneously infected ones in the same cage suffered from the infection, showing manifestation and pathologic changes similar to the spontaneous cases. Some of them, however, remained apparently healthy for about 2 months harboring the organisms in the conjunctiva or nasal cavity. It is presumed that such carriers become a source of the infection in nature.
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322
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Magaribuchi T, Ito M, Nishihara T, Koshimizu K. [Maintenance of mice in automatic rearing system. I. Rearing tests with ICR mice (author's transl)]. JIKKEN DOBUTSU. EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS 1977; 26:309-15. [PMID: 590349 DOI: 10.1538/expanim1957.26.4_309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Female ICR:JCL mice were reared in wire-mesh cages with nozzles for automatic water supply on a battery with an automatic washing system, and the evaluation of this system was made in comparison with the conventional feeding system with water bottles, alumite cages and changes of the bedding. In weight gains, feed intakes, water consumption, leucocyte and erythrocyte counts, hematocrit values or vaious organ weights during the period from 3 to 14 weeks of age, animals maintained by the automatic rearing system showed no significant difference as compared with those maintained by the conventional system, providing evidence for a conspicuous labor saving with the automatic control system.
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323
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Ishihara H, Nagano H, Nishihara T, Kondo M. [Studies on lipids of spore-forming bacteria. I. Fatty acid composition and distribution in dormant and germinated spores of Bacillus subtilis (author's transl)]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1977; 32:697-702. [PMID: 410966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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324
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Ishihara H, Nagano H, Nishihara T, Kondo M. [Studies on lipids of spore-forming bacteria. III. Composition of lipids in vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus subtilis (author's transl)]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1977; 32:709-14. [PMID: 410968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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325
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Ishihara H, Nagano H, Nishihara T, Kondo M. [Studies on lipids of spore-forming bacteria. II. Changes in fatty acid composition of Bacillus subtilis cells during growth and sporulation (author's transl)]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1977; 32:703-7. [PMID: 410967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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326
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Hiwada K, Nishihara T, Kokubu T, Tanaka H, Yoshida N. [Determination of plasma renin concentration with a commercial renin kit]. NIHON RINSHO. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 1977; 35:2625-8. [PMID: 926351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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327
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Wolf DP, Nishihara T, West DM, Wyrick RE, Hedrick JL. Isolation, physicochemical properties, and the macromolecular composition of the vitelline and fertilization envelopes from Xenopus laevis eggs. Biochemistry 1976; 15:3671-8. [PMID: 986165 DOI: 10.1021/bi00662a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a step toward defining in molecular terms the sperm-triggered block to polyspermy reaction established by the egg at fertilization, vitelline (VE) and fertilization (FE) envelopes were isolated from eggs of the Sounth African clawed toad Xenopus laevis and some of their physicochemical properties determined. Envelopes were isolated after lysis of the fertilized or unfertilized eggs by sieving techniques; isolated envelopes retained their in situ morphology as determined by electron microscopy. The isolated envelopes had different solubility properties and, in general, VE was more readily dissolved by aqueous solvents than FE, although both could be completely dissolved by detergents or chaotropic agents. Changes in envelope solubility correlated with the progression of the cortical reaction implicating a role for cortical granule material in modifying the solubility properties of the envelope. The VE and FE were composed of protein and carbohydrate with no lipid components detected. As determined by immunodiffusion experiments, the FE contained the same antigens as the VE plus components derived from the cortical granules and the innermost jelly layer, J. The macromolecular composition of the envelopes was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The VE contained at least 11 glycoproteins with molecular weights ranging from 125 000 to less than 16 000 with two components (40 000 and 33 000) accounting for almost two-thirds of the total stainable material. The FE contained ten glycoproteins that had the same molecular weights as those in the VE. One glycoprotein component underwent a reduction in molecular weight from 77 000 to 67 500 when the VE was converted to the FE. This molecular weight change was interpreted as the probable result of limited proteolysis. In addition, the FE gel electrophoresis patterns contained macromolecular components derived from the cortical granules and jelly layer, J, consistent with the immunodiffusion experiments. These components were absent when the FE was prepared in the absence of Ca2+, suggesting a role for Ca2+ in binding the VE, cortical granules, and J components together. We concluded that the conversion of the glycoproteinaceous VE to FE at fertilization is caused by interaction of the VE with components from the cortical granules and jelly layer J. These interactions are of both a chemical and physical nature.
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328
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Nishihara T. [Nutritional instruction. 6. Diet instruction for pregnant patients with diabetes]. JOSANPU ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL FOR MIDWIFE 1976; 30:372-3. [PMID: 1048223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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329
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Nishihara T. [Nutritional instruction. 5. Pregnancy anemia and diet instruction]. JOSANPU ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL FOR MIDWIFE 1976; 30:312-3. [PMID: 1048211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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330
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Nishihara T. [Dietary instruction. 4. Dietary instruction for patients with pregnancy toxemia]. JOSANPU ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL FOR MIDWIFE 1976; 30:246-7. [PMID: 1047711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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331
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Nishihara T. [Dietary instructions. 3. Dietary instructions for pregnant women]. JOSANPU ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL FOR MIDWIFE 1976; 30:184-5. [PMID: 1047127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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332
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Nishihara T. [Diet for patients with morning sickness]. JOSANPU ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL FOR MIDWIFE 1976; 30:56-7. [PMID: 1044735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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333
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Mills DR, Kramer FR, Dobkin C, Nishihara T, Speigelman S. Nucleotide sequence of microvariant RNA: another small replicating molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:4252-6. [PMID: 1060104 PMCID: PMC388698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.11.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvariant RNA, a small self-replicating molecule (114 nucleotides long), has been isolated from Qbeta replicase reactions incubated in the absence of exogenous template. Its complete nucleotide sequence has been determined. Comparison with MDV-1 RNA, a somewhat larger endogenous Qbeta replicase product (220 nucleotides long) that had previously been characterized, revealed no significant sequence similarity. Since Qbeta replicase can mediate the synthesis of both of these disparate RNA molecules, primary sequence cannot be the sole determining factor in the processes of enzyme recognition and replication. This implies that the key is to be found in the secondary or tertiary structures. The availability of two different replicating molecules of defined sequence should aid in identifying these critical structural features.
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334
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Abstract
The change of motility and the presence of flagella were followed throughout growth and sporulation in a standard sporulating strain and in 19 cacogenic sporulation mutants of Bacillus subtilis. For the standard strain, the fraction of motile cells decreased during the developmental period to less than 10% at T4. Motility was lost well before the cells lose their flagella. Conditions reducing the decrease of motility also reduced sporulation: motile cells never contained spores. The decrease of motility was not coupled with a decrease in the cellular concentration of adenosine 5'-triphosphate or a decline in oxygen consumption, but an uncoupling agent immediately destroyed motility at any time. Apparently, motility decreased during development because it became increasingly uncoupled from the energy generating systems of the cell. The motility of sporulation mutants decreased after the end of growth at the same time as or earlier than the motility of the standard strain; the early decrease of motility in an aconitase mutant, but not that in an alpha-ketoglurate dehydrogenase mutant, could be avoided by addition of L-glutamate. Sporulation or related events such as extracellular antibiotic or protease production were not needed for the motility decline.
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335
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Nishihara T. [Structure specific to the 5'-terminal of mRNA]. TANPAKUSHITSU KAKUSAN KOSO. PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACID, ENZYME 1975; 20:608-9. [PMID: 1237152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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336
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Kramer FR, Mills DR, Cole PE, Nishihara T, Spiegelman S. Evolution in vitro: sequence and phenotype of a mutant RNA resistant to ethidium bromide. J Mol Biol 1974; 89:719-36. [PMID: 4449129 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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337
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Nishihara T, Minami J, Watabe K, Sato K, Kondo M. Studies on the bacterial spore coat. 5. Effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate sonic treatment on the spore of Bacillus thiaminolyticus. MICROBIOS 1974; 10A SUPPL:81-90. [PMID: 4142065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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338
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Wyrick RE, Nishihara T, Hedrick JL. Agglutination of jelly coat and cortical granule components and the block to polyspermy in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:2067-71. [PMID: 4525317 PMCID: PMC388387 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.5.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A block to polyspermy in amphibians is established at fertilization by the conversion of the vitelline envelope to the fertilization envelope. In Xenopus laevis a major ultrastructural change in the envelope at fertilization is the appearance of an electron-dense layer, termed the F layer, between the envelope and the inner-most jelly coat layer, J(1). The F layer is derived, at least in part, from materials released from the cortical granules. Further definition of the origin and chemical nature of the F layer was sought by using isolated cortical granule (CG) exudate and jelly coat layer J(1). In double diffusion experiments, the isolated components interacted in an agglutination reaction producing a band of precipitation. The agglutination involved alpha-galactoside residues and metal ions (Ca(++)). Employing chemically modified jelly, we demonstrated that sulfhydryl-disulfide interchanges were not involved in the agglutination and, with (35)S-labeled jelly, that the agglutinating J(1) component possessed sulfate esters. Both the CG exudate and the J(1) components contained carbohydrate, as evidenced by their lectin reactivity. A number of ionic polymers, both natural and synthetic, were tested as chemical analogs of CG exudate and J(1); none gave an agglutination band. Dissolved jelly coat material from eggs of two different species of frogs agglutinated with CG exudate, while jelly from sea urchin eggs and hyaluronic acid from mammalian eggs did not. Thus, the agglutination reaction was chemically and phylogenetically specific. An electron-dense layer, similar to the F layer, formed on the outer of the vitelline envelope when jellied unfertilized eggs were immersed in CG exudate; such eggs were not fertilizable. We suggest that in Xenopus laevis, and perhaps other organisms as well, an agglutination type of reaction between cortical granule components and egg integuments is a participant in the structural and molecular events establishing a block to polyspermy.
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Watabe K, Nishihara T, Kondo M. Biochemical studies on germination of bacterial spores. II. The inhibitory mechanism of D-alanine on L-alanine-induced germination of Bacillus thiaminolyticus. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1974; 18:181-4. [PMID: 4431101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1974.tb00807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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340
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Nishihara T, Haruna I, Yamaguchi N, Watanabe I. Change in the template specificity of RNA phage SP-replicase by the E. coli cell component. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1972; 238:141-2. [PMID: 4559663 DOI: 10.1038/newbio238141a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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341
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Tamura M, Nakajima T, Takaura H, Maruno H, Nishihara T. [Surgical treatment of tuberculous pyothorax]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 1972; 25:311-7. [PMID: 4672205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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342
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Mori T, Saito K, Nishihara T, Tamaki N, Nagai K. Electron microscopic observations on the fine structure of the glomerular basement membrane. WAKAYAMA MEDICAL REPORTS 1971; 15:43-51. [PMID: 4111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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343
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Nishihara T, Yamaguchi Y, Haruna I, Hori K, Okamoto T. [Symposium; biosynthesis of RNA]. SEIKAGAKU. THE JOURNAL OF JAPANESE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY 1970; 42:397-9. [PMID: 5528670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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344
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Kondo M, Nishihara T. [Bacterial spore coat. 3. Morphological changes of the spore coat during germination of Bacillus megaterium]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1970; 25:278-84. [PMID: 4988792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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345
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Nishihara T. [Bacterial spore coat. 4. Chemical changes of the spore coat during germination of Bacillus megaterium]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1970; 25:285-91. [PMID: 4988793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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346
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Nishihara T. [RNA phage. On the structure of phage particles and its components]. TANPAKUSHITSU KAKUSAN KOSO. PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACID, ENZYME 1970; 15:658-70. [PMID: 4988632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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347
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Kondo M, Nishihara T. [Bacterial spore coat. II. Chemical structure of fractions isolated from the spore coat of Bacillus megaterium]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1970; 25:215-21. [PMID: 4988341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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348
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Kawasaki C, Nishihara T, Kondo M. [Bacterial spore coat. I. Morphological structure of spore coat of Bacillus magaterium]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1970; 25:209-14. [PMID: 4988340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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349
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350
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