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Wang XD, Kawano F, Matsuoka Y, Fukunaga K, Terada M, Sudoh M, Ishihara A, Ohira Y. Mechanical load-dependent regulation of satellite cell and fiber size in rat soleus muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290:C981-9. [PMID: 16291821 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00298.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of mechanical unloading and reloading on the properties of rat soleus muscle fibers were investigated in male Wistar Hannover rats. Satellite cells in the fibers of control rats were distributed evenly throughout the fiber length. After 16 days of hindlimb unloading, the number of satellite cells in the central, but not the proximal or distal, region of the fiber was decreased. The number of satellite cells in the central region gradually increased during the 16-day period of reloading. The mean sarcomere length in the central region of the fibers was passively shortened during unloading due to the plantarflexed position at the ankle joint: sarcomere length was maintained at <2.1 μm, which is a critical length for tension development. Myonuclear number and domain size, fiber cross-sectional area, and the total number of mitotically active and quiescent satellite cells of whole muscle fibers were lower than control fibers after 16 days of unloading. These values then returned to control values after 16 days of reloading. These results suggest that satellite cells play an important role in the regulation of muscle fiber properties. The data also indicate that the satellite cell-related regulation of muscle fiber properties is dependent on the level of mechanical loading, which, in turn, is influenced by the mean sarcomere length. However, it is still unclear why the region-specific responses, which were obvious in satellite cells, were not induced in myonuclear number and fiber cross-sectional area.
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152
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Ohira Y, Kawano F, Wang XD, Sudoh M, Iwashita Y, Majima HJ, Nonaka I. Irreversible morphological changes in leg bone following chronic gravitational unloading of growing rats. Life Sci 2006; 79:686-94. [PMID: 16540123 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of gravitational unloading or loading on the growth and development of hindlimb bones were studied in rats. Male Wistar rats were hindlimb-unloaded or loaded at 2-G from the postnatal day 4 to month 3. The morphology and mineral content of tibia and fibula, as well as the mobility of ankle joints, were measured at the end of 3-month suspension or loading, and 1, 2, and 3 months after ambulation recovery. Growth-related increases of bone weight and mineral density were inhibited by unloading. But they were gradually recovered toward the control levels, even though they were still less than those in the age-matched controls after 3 months. None of the parameters were influenced by 2-G loading. However, here we report that chronic unloading causes abnormal morphological development in hindlimb bone of growing rats. Irreversible external bend of the shaft and rotation of the distal end of tibia, which limit the dorsiflexion of ankle joints, were induced following chronic gravitational unloading during developing period. It is also suggested that such phenomena are caused by the abnormal mechanical forces imposed by muscle utilization with altered patterns. The activity of ankle dorsiflexor was increased and that of plantarflexor was inhibited during unloading.
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Homann N, Seitz HK, Wang XD, Yokoyama A, Singletary KW, Ishii H. Mechanisms in alcohol-associated carcinogenesis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 29:1317-20. [PMID: 16088994 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000171892.09367.6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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154
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Yang C, Zhang SY, Wang XD, Fan XD. Magnetic resonance arthrography applied to the diagnosis of intraarticular adhesions of the temporomandibular joint. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 34:733-8. [PMID: 15979852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance arthrography (MRAr) on the diagnosis of intraarticular adhesions of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Twenty-four patients (31 joints) diagnosed as internal disorders of TMJ were examined to establish the presence, suspicion or absence of intraarticular adhesions through MRAr according to the MRAr radiographic criteria in a blind fashion, subsequent arthroscopy were performed on all 31 joints. The findings were compared to MRAr with those of arthroscopy. The comparison data were assessed by generating receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and analyzing the area (Az) under the curve with SPSS11.0 software. The area under the ROC curve was 0.91 (0.86, 0.95), P<0.05. MRAr proves to be an excellent modality to diagnose intraarticular adhesions of TMJ.
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155
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Liu Y, Chen JN, Zhao JS, Yu HX, Wang XD, Jiang J, Jin HJ, Zhang JF, Wang LS. Three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis for in vitro toxicity of chlorophenols to HepG2 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 60:791-5. [PMID: 15946721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were applied to investigate two 3D-QSAR models for the cytotoxicity of chlorophenols. These models have evaluated the intensity of chlorophenols' toxicity on HepG2 cells in vitro. The CoMFA model has both high consistency and predictability. The contribution of the electrostatic field to biological activity is greater than that of the steric field. The CoMSIA model used in this study includes two fields, one is hydrophobic field, and the other is electrostatic field. The relative contribution of them is 0.789:0.211. Consisted with the CoMFA model, the CoMSIA electrostatic filed also plays a dominant role. The CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps significantly elucidated that the electrostatic field is more important than the other fields and might be one of the reasons resulting in potential reactive mechanism involved in cell proliferation inhibition.
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156
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Kawano F, Wang XD, Lan YB, Yoneshima H, Ishihara A, Igarashi M, Ohira Y. Hindlimb suspension inhibits air-righting due to altered recruitment of neck and back muscles in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 54:229-42. [PMID: 15541201 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.54.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Effects of 9-week hindlimb suspension and 8-week recovery on air-righting reaction in response to drop from a supine position were studied in adult rats. The righting time in rats at the end of suspension (approximately 220 ms) was longer than the age-matched controls (approximately 120 ms, p <0.05). The unloading-related change in righting time was accompanied by lowered activities of electromyogram (EMG) and altered recruitment of both neck and back muscles at a specific stage of drop. After 8 weeks of reambulation, righting time recovered toward the control level (approximately 153 ms, p <0.05), but the EMG activity of back muscle was still less than controls. In contrast, the EMG of neck muscle during fall was even increased. The differences in the characteristics of the muscle fibers between two groups were minor. It is suggested that inhibition of recruitment, rather than the changes in the fiber characteristics, of neck and back muscles is one of the major causes of the slow air-righting.
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157
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Dai HL, Wang XD, Li YB, Wu J, Zhang J, Zhang HJ, Dong JG, Hou YP. Characterization and haplotype analysis of 10 novel Y-STR loci in Chinese Han population. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 145:47-55. [PMID: 15374594 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2003] [Revised: 03/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed allelic sequences of 10 novel Y-specific STR loci, DYS454, DYS510, DYS513, DYS520, DYS542, DYS544, DYS552, DYS561, DYS587 and DYS593, surveyed the distribution of haplotypes in a Chinese Han population. Extracted DNA was amplified with PCR, followed by a horizontal non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with discontinuous buffer system. Purified alleles were sequenced on DNA sequencer (ABI Model 377) to verify the number of motif repeats. The number of alleles observed at each locus ranged from 3 to 8, yielding 102 haplotypes in 103 unrelated males samples. The allele diversity values for each locus ranged from 0.2099 (DYS544) to 0.7523 (DYS552). The haplotype diversity using all these loci was 0.9998. Our study revealed that they were valuable Y-specific markers for forensic applications.
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158
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Kawano F, Ishihara A, Stevens JL, Wang XD, Ohshima S, Horisaka M, Maeda Y, Nonaka I, Ohira Y. Tension- and afferent input-associated responses of neuromuscular system of rats to hindlimb unloading and/or tenotomy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R76-86. [PMID: 15031139 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00694.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Responses of electromyogram (EMG) in soleus muscle and both afferent and efferent neurograms at the fifth lumbar (L5) segmental level of spinal cord were investigated during acute and chronic unloading induced by hindlimb suspension and/or tenotomy in adult rats. The soleus EMG and afferent neurogram decreased 88 and 37%, respectively, relative to those at quadrupedal posture on the floor after acute hindlimb suspension that causes passive shortening of soleus due to ankle plantarflexion. However, the afferent neurogram ( P < 0.05) and soleus EMG ( P > 0.05) recorded on the floor increased after tenotomy of synergists. Furthermore, the afferent input was inhibited when the soleus EMG disappeared after tenotomy of soleus. The afferent neurogram and EMG of the soleus showed correlated responses to a variety of treatments, suggesting that the afferent neurogram recorded at the L5segmental level reflects the neural input associated with the activity level of the soleus predominantly. The level of efferent neurogram decreased after acute hindlimb suspension but was not influenced significantly by tenotomy of synergists and/or soleus itself. The EMG and afferent neurograms remained low up to the 4th day but recovered to the preexperimental levels within 14 days, due to reorganization of sarcomere number and length, as well as the shortening of muscle fiber length and recovery of tension development. It is suggested that the levels of EMG and afferent neurogram associated with antigravity muscle are closely related to the tension development of the muscle.
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159
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Wang XD, Dai HL, Hou YP, Zhu QF, Zhang HJ, Li YB, Wu J, Zhang J, Deng JQ. Allele frequencies of Y-chromosome STR loci DYS463 and DYS467 in a Chinese population. J Forensic Sci 2004; 49:632. [PMID: 15171191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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160
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Aoki N, Scofield GN, Wang XD, Patrick JW, Offler CE, Furbank RT. Expression and localisation analysis of the wheat sucrose transporter TaSUT1 in vegetative tissues. PLANTA 2004; 219:176-84. [PMID: 15014993 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Previously we reported the isolation of three sucrose transporter genes, TaSUT1A, 1B and 1D, all expressed at high levels in the developing grains of hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), but also in a variety of other tissues. In order to further characterise the expression of the TaSUT1 genes in wheat plants, we have analysed TaSUT1 expression in their vegetative tissues using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation and immunolocalisation. The three TaSUT1 genes, which encode 98% identical SUT proteins, all appeared to be expressed at the same level in leaf blades, leaf sheaths and internodes, as well as developing grains, of hexaploid wheat. In mature leaf blades, TaSUT1 protein localised to the plasma membrane of phloem sieve elements in all classes of veins. In contrast, TaSUT1 mRNA was found to be localised to phloem companion cells. A similar localisation pattern for TaSUT1 protein was observed in veins of leaf sheaths and internodes. These results suggest that the wheat SUT1 has a transport function in enucleate sieve elements, in both veins responsible for loading photoassimilates, and in veins for axial transport. Furthermore, transport of the fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein was used to investigate symplasmic connectivity between sieve element-companion cell complexes and non-phloem cells. Observations in source leaves indicated that sieve element-companion cell complexes of minor veins were symplasmically restricted, suggesting a role of TaSUT1 in apoplasmic phloem loading. In contrast, the dye was able to move symplasmically out of the phloem in internodes. In these circumstances TaSUT1 may also have a role in retrieving sucrose leaked to the phloem apoplasm.
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Li X, Wang XD, Zhao X, Dutt Y. Improvement of cotton fiber quality by transforming the acsA and acsB genes into Gossypium hirsutum L. by means of vacuum infiltration. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2004; 22:691-7. [PMID: 14740167 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Revised: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the genetic transformation of cotton pollen by means of vacuum infiltration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is reported. The acsA and acsB genes, which are involved in cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum, were transferred into pollen grains of brown cotton with the aim of improving its fiber quality by incorporating useful prokaryotic features into the colored cotton plants. Transformation was carried out in cotton pollen-germinating medium, and transformation was mediated by vector pCAMBIA1301, which contains a reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (GUS), a selectable marker gene, hpt, for hygromycin resistance and the genes of interest, acsA and acsB. The integration and expression of acsA, acsB and GUS in the genome of transgenic plants were analyzed with Southern blot hybridization, PCR, histochemical GUS assay and Northern blot hybridization. We found that following pollination on the cotton stigma transformed pollen retained its capability of double-fertilization and that normal cotton seeds were produced in the cotton ovary. Of 1,039 seeds from 312 bolls pollinated with transformed pollen grains, 17 were able to germinate and grow into seedlings for more than 3 weeks in a nutrient medium containing 50 mg/l hygromycin; eight of these were transgenic plants integrated with acsA and acsB, yielding a 0.77% transformation rate. Fiber strength and length from the most positive transformants was 15% greater than those of the control (non-transformed), a significant difference, as was cellulose content between the transformed and control plants. Our study suggests that transformation through vacuum infiltration and Agrobacterium mediated transformation can be an efficient way to introduce foreign genes into the cotton pollen grain and that cotton fiber quality can be improved with the incorporation of the prokaryotic genes acsA and acsB.
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162
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Jiang CS, Li SC, Yu HB, Eom D, Wang XD, Ebert P, Jia JF, Xue QK, Shih CK. Building Pb nanomesas with atomic-layer precision. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:106104. [PMID: 15089221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel scheme for manipulating metallic nanostructures involving a macroscopic number of atoms, yet with precise control in their local structures. The scheme entails a two-step process: (a) a triggering step using a scanning tunneling microscope, followed by (b) self-driven and self-limiting mass-transfer process. By using this scheme, we construct Pb nanomesas on Si(111) substrates whose thickness can be controlled with atomic-layer precision. The kinetic barrier for the mass transfer and the underlying mechanism behind this novel manipulation are determined.
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163
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Sun J, Wang XD, Liu H, Xu JG. Ketamine suppresses endotoxin-induced NF-kappaB activation and cytokines production in the intestine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48:317-21. [PMID: 14982564 DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-5172.2004.0312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine has been advocated for anesthesia in endotoxemic and other severely ill patients because it is a cardiovascular stimulant. However, ketamine also suppresses serum levels of endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and reduces mortality in mice in endotoxin shock. Our study was designed to investigate the protective effect of ketamine on the endotoxin-induced proinflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation in vivo. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: saline controls; rats challenged with endotoxin (5 mg kg(-1)) and treated with saline; challenged with endotoxin (5 mg kg(-1)) and treated with ketamine (0.5 mg kg(-1)); challenged with endotoxin (5 mg kg(-1)) and treated with ketamine (5 mg kg(-1)); challenged with endotoxin (5 mg kg(-1)) and treated with ketamine (50 mg kg(-1)); and saline injected and treated with ketamine (50 mg kg(-1)). TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NF-kappaB were investigated in the tissues of the intestine (jejunum) after 1, 4 and 6 h. RESULTS Endotoxin caused transient production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and activation of NF-kappaB in the intestine at peak times of 1, 4 and 1 h, respectively. Ketamine 0.5 mg kg(-1) suppressed endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha elevation and inhibited NF-kappaB activation in the intestine; a dose of 5 mg kg(-1) was required to inhibit IL-6. CONCLUSION Ketamine suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the intestine, possibly via inhibition of NF-kappaB.
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164
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Deng JQ, Shi MS, Ying BW, Jia ZJ, Hou YP, Suo YP, Li YB, Wu J, Yan J, Wang XD, Dai HL, Zhu QF. Population data of two X-chromosome STR loci GATA186D06 and GATA198A10 in China. J Forensic Sci 2004; 49:173. [PMID: 14979368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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165
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Dai HL, Wang XD, Dong JG, Zhang HJ, Hou YP, Li YB, Wu J, Zhang J. Allele diversities and haplotypes of two novel Y-STR in a Chinese population. J Forensic Sci 2003; 48:1430. [PMID: 14640299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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166
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Tang JP, Hou YP, Zhang HJ, Zhu QF, Wang XD, Li YB, Wu J, Liao LC. Allele frequencies of two Y-STRs in a Chinese population. J Forensic Sci 2003; 48:1186. [PMID: 14535694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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167
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Wang XD, Dai HL, Hou YP, Tang JP, Zhu QF, Ji Q, Dong JG, Li YB, Wu J, Zhang J. Distributions of allelic frequencies and haplotypes of two new Y-STR loci in a Chinese Han population. J Forensic Sci 2003; 48:903-4. [PMID: 12877320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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168
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Lawrence CW, Gibbs PE, Murante RS, Wang XD, Li Z, McManus TP, McGregor WG, Nelson JR, Hinkle DC, Maher VM. Roles of DNA polymerase zeta and Rev1 protein in eukaryotic mutagenesis and translesion replication. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2003; 65:61-9. [PMID: 12760021 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2000.65.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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169
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Wang XD, Bohlscheid JC, Edwards CG. Fermentative activity and production of volatile compounds by Saccharomyces grown in synthetic grape juice media deficient in assimilable nitrogen and/or pantothenic acid. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 94:349-59. [PMID: 12588542 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To understand the impact of assimilable nitrogen and pantothenic acid on fermentation rate and synthesis of volatile compounds by Saccharomyces under fermentative conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS A 2 x 3 factorial experimental design was employed with the concentrations of yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) (60 and 250 mg l(-1)) and pantothenic acid (10, 50 and 250 microg l(-1)) as variables. In media containing 250 microg l(-1) pantothenic acid, H2S production by two different species of Saccharomyces decreased when YAN was increased from 60 to 250 mg l(-1). Conversely, H2S production was significantly higher when the concentration of assimilable nitrogen was increased if pantothenic acid was deficient (10 or 50 microg l(-1)). Yeast synthesis of other volatile compounds were impacted by both assimilable nitrogen and pantothenic acid. CONCLUSIONS While growth and fermentative rate of Saccharomyces was more influenced by nitrogen than by pantothenic acid, complicated interactions exist between these nutrients that affect the synthesis of volatile compounds including H2S. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study has important implications for the winemaking industry where a better understanding of the nutritional requirements of Saccharomyces is necessary to reduce fermentation problems and to improve final product quality.
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170
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Dib M, Zhao X, Wang XD, Andersson R. Role of mast cells in the development of pancreatitis-induced multiple organ dysfunction. Br J Surg 2002. [PMID: 11856129 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.01991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated mast cells can produce and release a number of inflammatory mediators involved in the pathophysiology of acute conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of activated tissue mast cells in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS AP was induced by the intraductal infusion of 5 per cent sodium taurodeoxycholate in the rat. Some 30 min before induction of AP, a mast cell stabilizer (sodium cromoglycate (SCG)) or antihistamines (pyrilamine, cyproheptadine, meclizine and amitriptyline) were administered intra peritoneally. Plasma exudation of radiolabelled albumin, histamine, myeloperoxidase (MPO), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1 and adhesion molecules (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) 1 and L-selectin) were measured. RESULTS The mast cell stabilizer significantly reduced plasma exudation in the pancreas, colon and lungs (P < 0.05), decreased the release of histamine at 1 h (P < 0.05), and reduced MPO activity and MCP-1 levels in the colon and lungs (P < 0.05) but not in the pancreas. Expression of PECAM-1 and L-selectin on total circulating leucocytes in rats with AP and SCG pretreatment did not differ from that in sham controls, while levels in animals that had AP and saline pretreatment were half of those seen following sham operation. CONCLUSION Activation of mast cells after induction of AP is involved in the development of endothelial barrier dysfunction in both the pancreas and extrapancreatic organs/tissues, particularly in the lungs and colon. This may, at least partly, contribute to the sequential development of multiple organ dysfunction and organ/tissue-specific endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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171
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Yamashima T, Zhao L, Wang XD, Tsukada T, Tonchev AB. Neuroprotective effects of pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxal against ischemia in monkeys. Nutr Neurosci 2002; 4:389-97. [PMID: 11842915 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2001.11747375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, in monkeys undergoing 20 min whole brain ischemia we demonstrated that the activated calpain-induced lysosomal disruption with the resultant leakage of cathepsins B and L, causes neuronal death in the cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 sector on day 5. Selective cathepsin inhibitors significantly protected ischemic CA1 neurons from delayed necrosis. Recently, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxal (hydrochloride) (PL) were demonstrated to inhibit cathepsins B and L in vitro, because the active aldehyde at position 4 of the pyridine ring has an affinity for the active site -SH of cysteine residues of cathepsins. Here, we studied whether PLP and PL can, in vivo, protect monkey CA1 neurons from ischemic insult. In monkeys undergoing 20 min whole brain ischemia, 15 mg/kg body weight/day of drugs were intravenously injected for 10 days before and after the ischemic insult. Histological analysis of the surviving CA1 neurons was done using the hippocampus resected on day 5 after ischemia. For PLP or PL, approximately 17% (P = 0.0639) or 54% (P < 0.0001) of the total population (100%) of control CA1 neurons were, respectively, saved from the ischemia-induced neuronal death, showing a remarkable contrast to the surviving neurons (approximately 3.9%) in non-treated monkeys. These data suggested that PL (perhaps PLP intracellularly) is useful as a novel neuroprotectant in primates.
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172
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Dib M, Zhao X, Wang XD, Andersson R. Role of mast cells in the development of pancreatitis-induced multiple organ dysfunction. Br J Surg 2002; 89:172-8. [PMID: 11856129 DOI: 10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.01991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated mast cells can produce and release a number of inflammatory mediators involved in the pathophysiology of acute conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of activated tissue mast cells in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS AP was induced by the intraductal infusion of 5 per cent sodium taurodeoxycholate in the rat. Some 30 min before induction of AP, a mast cell stabilizer (sodium cromoglycate (SCG)) or antihistamines (pyrilamine, cyproheptadine, meclizine and amitriptyline) were administered intra peritoneally. Plasma exudation of radiolabelled albumin, histamine, myeloperoxidase (MPO), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1 and adhesion molecules (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) 1 and L-selectin) were measured. RESULTS The mast cell stabilizer significantly reduced plasma exudation in the pancreas, colon and lungs (P < 0.05), decreased the release of histamine at 1 h (P < 0.05), and reduced MPO activity and MCP-1 levels in the colon and lungs (P < 0.05) but not in the pancreas. Expression of PECAM-1 and L-selectin on total circulating leucocytes in rats with AP and SCG pretreatment did not differ from that in sham controls, while levels in animals that had AP and saline pretreatment were half of those seen following sham operation. CONCLUSION Activation of mast cells after induction of AP is involved in the development of endothelial barrier dysfunction in both the pancreas and extrapancreatic organs/tissues, particularly in the lungs and colon. This may, at least partly, contribute to the sequential development of multiple organ dysfunction and organ/tissue-specific endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Wang XD, Russell RM. Antioxidants and lung cancer prevention. NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES. CLINICAL & PERFORMANCE PROGRAMME 2002; 4:39-53; discussion 53-4. [PMID: 11490581 DOI: 10.1159/000061823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Yu H, Jiang CS, Ebert P, Wang XD, White JM, Niu Q, Zhang Z, Shih CK. Quantitative determination of the metastability of flat Ag overlayers on GaAs(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:016102. [PMID: 11800970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.016102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Atomically flat ultrathin Ag films on GaAs(110) can be formed through a kinetic pathway. However, such films are metastable and will transform to 3D islands upon high temperature annealing. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we have measured quantitatively the layer-resolved metastability of flat Ag overlayers as they evolve toward their stable state, and deduced the corresponding kinetic barrier the system has to overcome in reaching the stable state. These results indicate that the metastability of the Ag overlayer is defined by the quantum nature of the conduction electrons confined within the overlayer.
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175
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Wang XD, Yang C, Qiu WL, Zhou XJ, Cai XY, Ha Q. [An experimental study on arthroscopic chondrocytes transplantation for repair of osteochondral defects in TMJ]. SHANGHAI KOU QIANG YI XUE = SHANGHAI JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2001; 10:256-9. [PMID: 14994011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To certify the feasibility of arthroscopic chondrocytes transplantation in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the nature of repaired tissue with autologous chondrocytes transplantation in osteochondral defects. METHODS The animal models of osteochondral defects in TMJ were established in 12 rhesus monkeys. Autologous auricular chondrocytes were transplanted to the defects by arthroscope. Healing of the defects was assessed by gross examination, light microscope, immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The repaired tissues with chondrocytes transplantation were fibrocartilages. CONCLUSION The technique of arthroscopic chondrocytes transplantation is feasible and the nature of repaired tissue is closest to the normal cartilage, compared with those of subchondral drilling and cartilage transplantation.
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