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Wei X, Jiang LP, Guo Y, Khan A, Liu YP, Yu HF, Wang B, Ding CF, Zhu PF, Chen YY, Zhao YL, Chen YB, Wang YF, Luo XD. Indole Alkaloids Inhibiting Neural Stem Cell from Uncaria rhynchophylla. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:413-419. [PMID: 28952128 PMCID: PMC5655363 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla is commonly recognized as a traditional treatment for dizziness, cerebrovascular diseases, and nervous disorders in China. Previously, the neuro-protective activities of the alkaloids from U. rhynchophylla were intensively reported. In current work, three new indole alkaloids (1-3), identified as geissoschizic acid (1), geissoschizic acid N 4-oxide (2), and 3β-sitsirikine N 4-oxide (3), as well as 26 known analogues were isolated from U. rhynchophylla. However, in the neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation assay for all isolated compounds, geissoschizic acid (1), geissoschizic acid N 4-oxide (2), isocorynoxeine (6), isorhynchophylline (7), (4S)-akuammigine N-oxide (8), and (4S)-rhynchophylline N-oxide (10) showed unexpected inhibitory activities at 10 μM. Unlike previous neuro-protective reports, as a warning or caution, our finding showcased a clue for possible NSCs toxicity and the neural lesions risk of U. rhynchophylla, while the structure-activity relationships of the isolated compounds were discussed also.
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Shi YK, Wang L, Han BH, Li W, Yu P, Liu YP, Ding CM, Song X, Ma ZY, Ren XL, Feng JF, Zhang HL, Chen GY, Han XH, Wu N, Yao C, Song Y, Zhang SC, Song W, Liu XQ, Zhao SJ, Lin YC, Ye XQ, Li K, Shu YQ, Ding LM, Tan FL, Sun Y. First-line icotinib versus cisplatin/pemetrexed plus pemetrexed maintenance therapy for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (CONVINCE): a phase 3, open-label, randomized study. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:2443-2450. [PMID: 28945850 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icotinib has been previously shown to be non-inferior to gefitinib in non-selected advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients when given as second- or further-line treatment. In this open-label, randomized, phase 3 CONVINCE trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of first-line icotinib versus cisplatin/pemetrexed plus pemetrexed maintenance in lung adenocarcinoma patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible participants were adults with stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinoma and exon 19/21 EGFR mutations. Participants were randomly allocated (1 : 1) to receive oral icotinib or 3-week cycle of cisplatin plus pemetrexed for up to four cycles; non-progressive patients after four cycles were maintained with pemetrexed until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by independent response evaluation committee. Other end points included overall survival (OS) and safety. RESULTS Between January 2013 and August 2014, 296 patients were randomized, and 285 patients were treated (148 to icotinib, 137 to chemotherapy). Independent response evaluation committee-assessed PFS was significantly longer in the icotinib group (11.2 versus 7.9 months; hazard ratio, 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.43-0.87; P = 0.006). No significant difference for OS was observed between treatments in the overall population or in EGFR-mutated subgroups (exon 19 Del/21 L858R). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) in the icotinib group were rash (14.8%) and diarrhea (7.4%), compared with nausea (45.9%), vomiting (29.2%), and neutropenia (10.9%) in the chemotherapy group. AEs (79.1% versus 94.2%; P < 0.001) and treatment-related AEs (54.1% versus 90.5%; P < 0.001) were significantly fewer in the icotinib group than in the chemotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS First-line icotinib significantly improves PFS of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation with a tolerable and manageable safety profile. Icotinib should be considered as a first-line treatment for this patient population.
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Rong QL, Wang SL, Tang Y, Jin J, Song YW, Wang WH, Liu YP, Fang H, Ren H, Liu XF, Yu ZH, Li YX. [The role of postmastectomy radiotherapy in clinical T1-3N1M0 breast cancer patients with pathological negative lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and mastectomy]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2017. [PMID: 28635235 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the outcomes of clinical T1-3N1M0 breast cancer patients with pathological negative axillary lymph nodes (ypN0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and mastectomy, and investigate the role of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Methods: A total of 185 patients with clinical T1-3N1M0 breast cancer treated between 1999 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were treated with NAC and mastectomy, and achieved ypN0. Of them, 89 patients received additional PMRT and 96 patients did not. 101 patients had clinical stage Ⅱ disease. 84 patients had clinical stage Ⅲ disease. The rates of locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were compared using the log-rank test. Univariate analysis was used to interpret the impact of clinical features and treatment on patients' outcome. Results: The 5-year rates of LRR, DM, DFS, and OS for all patients were 4.5%, 10.4%, 86.6%, and 97.1%, respectively. For patients with and without PMRT, the 5-year LRR rates were 1.1% and 7.5% (P=0.071), the 5-year DM rates were 5.1% and 15.0% (P=0.023), the 5-year DFS rates were 95.0% and 79.0% (P=0.008), and the 5-year OS rates were 100.0% and 94.5% (P=0.089) respectively. In univariate analysis, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) was poor prognostic factor of LRR (P=0.001), < 40 years old and lack of PMRT was a poor prognostic factor for DM (P<0.05), lack of PMRT was a poor prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.008), primary lesion residual and mild-moderate pathological response to NAC were poor prognostic factors for OS (P<0.05). In the subgroup of Stage Ⅲ disease, for patients with and without PMRT, the 5-year LRR rates were 1.9% and 14.4% (P=0.041), the 5-year DFS rates were 91.9% and 67.4% (P=0.022), respectively. In the subgroup of Stage Ⅱ disease, for patients with and without PMRT, the 5-year DM rates were 0 and 11.5% (P=0.044), the 5-year DFS rates were 100.0% and 84.9% (P=0.023), respectively. Conclusions: The LRR rate of clinical T1-3N1M0 breast cancer patients who achieved ypN0 after NAC and mastectomy was low. PMRT decreased the DM rate and increased DFS rate in all patients, and significantly decreased the LRR rate in Stage Ⅲ disease. PMRT should be considered for patients with Stage Ⅲ disease, and further research is warranted to investigate the benefit of PMRT for Stage Ⅱ disease.
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Kong FL, Chen SY, Ran JS, Yang CW, Jiang XS, Lan D, Hu YD, Liu YP. The Identification of SNPs in BCDO2 Gene for Skin Color in Chinese Indigenous Chicken. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang LL, Ma L, Geng CZ, Jia Y, Wang XL, Liu YP. [Correlation between extranodal invasion in axillary lymph node metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer patients]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 46:525-529. [PMID: 28810291 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the significance of extranodal extension of axillary lymph nodes (ALN-ENE) metastases in post-operative primary invasive breast carcinoma of non-specific type. Methods: Six hundred and thirty-eight invasive breast cancer cases confirmed by postoperative pathological examination were collected from January 2006 to December 2008. The relationship of lymph node metastases and ALN-ENE with other lymph node parameters and patient outcome was analyzed. Results: Among 638 cases, 263 (41.2%) showed axillary lymph node metastases. ALN-ENE was present in 91 cases (36.4%). The rate of ALN-ENE increased with pT stage and tumor size. Five-year recurrence-free survival rate (RFS) and 5-year overall survival rate (OS) was 86.6% and 91.2% respectively for ALN-ENE positive group, and both were lower than ALN-ENE negative group (P<0.01). One hundred and forty-nine patients with 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes had a 5-year RFS of 91.9%, and 5-year OS of 92.3%, less than ALN-ENE negative group (P<0.01). Univariate analysis showed ALN-ENE positively correlated with lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis suggested that ENE was associated with increased recurrence risk and shortened recurrence-free and overall survival, especially in patients with 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes; and it was an independent prognostic factor (P<0.01). Conclusions: The number of lymph nodes metastases is an important predictor of survival in breast cancer patients. ALN-ENE is an independent risk indicator for recurrence and overall survival. For patients with 1 to 3 metastatic axillary lymph nodes, ALN-ENE could alter the patient's clinical pathologic staging, and therefore it is an independent prognostic factor.
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Wei X, Khan A, Song D, Dai Z, Liu YP, Yu HF, Wang B, Zhu PF, Ding CF, Zhao XD, Wang YF, Luo XD. Three New Pyridine Alkaloids from Vinca major Cultivated in Pakistan. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017. [PMID: 28620872 PMCID: PMC5507811 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Three new pyridine type alkaloids, (-)-vinmajpyridines A-C (1-3), along with two known alkaloids, have been isolated from the aerial parts of Vinca major cultivated in Pakistan. Their structures have been elucidated by means of NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data. The new alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against glioma initiating cell lines (GITC-3# and GITC-18#), glioblastoma cell lines (U-87MG and T98G), and lung cancer cell line A-549, but none of them was active at 20 μg/mL concentration.
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Liu SQ, Ma YB, Han ZH, Xie X, Wang CY, Tao Y, Chen H, Liu YP. [The Value of SMI in the Evaluation of interventional therapy of liver cancer]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2017; 25:512-516. [PMID: 29055989 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the value of super microvascular imaging(SMI) for evaluating the effect of interventional therapy of liver cancer. Methods: A total of 30 patients with 40 leisions were enrolled in this study, from the tumor intervention department in the third affiliated hospital of suzhou university.This patients were underwent TACE, after the treatment 1 month, CDFI, SMI, and CT were study respectively. Using the continuity correction McNemar matching chi-square test, with P < 0.05 for the standard , CDFI and SMI shows the difference in monitoring the microvascular imaging in and around the tumors leisions. Results: A total of 30 patients, 12 cases were primary liver cancer (7 cases combined with liver cirrhosis), 18cases were metastatic liver cancer; 30 cases including 25 single and 5 multiple. Significant difference were found between CT and SMI in detecting blood flows inside the lesion (χ² = 8.642 9, P < 0.05), and were also found between CT and CDFI in detecting blood flows inside the lesion (χ² = 16.961 5, P < 0.05). The AUROC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of CDFI were 0.647, 29.4%、100%、29.4%、100%、20.0%, while in SMI were 0.809, 61.8%、100%、61.7%、100%、31.5%, respectively. Conclusions: SMI SMI can detect the microvascular inside the lesions. This new method was superior to CDFI, achieving the same effect as CT.
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Gao Z, Ni QW, Gao W, Liu YP, Zhang Q. Application of endoscopy to treat mandibular keratocystic odontogenic tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6209. [PMID: 28700034 PMCID: PMC5505522 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopy to remove keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) with virtual 3D mandibular images. Fifteen patients (mean age, 40.27±14.58 years) who underwent endoscopic mandibular KCOT enucleation between May 2009 and October 2009 were included. Virtual 3D mandibular reconstructions derived from computed tomography (CT) imaging were generated for all patients. Recurrence and pathological fracture were evaluated as the primary outcome variables at 1 and 12 months after operation. Secondary infection and inferior alveolar nerve injury were evaluated as the secondary outcome variables at 1 and 6 months after operation. None of the 15 patients exhibited signs of recurrence or pathological fracture after operation. During long-term follow-up, no symptoms of inferior alveolar nerve injury or secondary infection were observed and no signs of recurrence were found in any of the patients. Endoscopy helps surgeons to remove mandibular KCOTs with small incisions. Moreover, endoscopy can provide clear and magnified views and help to avoid damage to the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Therefore, under the support of preoperative virtual 3D mandibular images, the application of endoscopy to remove the tumors should be considered to be a treatment option for KCOTs.
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Dai Z, Li SR, Zhu PF, Liu L, Wang B, Liu YP, Luo XD, Zhao XD. Isocostunolide inhibited glioma stem cell by suppression proliferation and inducing caspase dependent apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2863-2867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bao MF, Zeng CX, Liu YP, Zhang BJ, Ni L, Luo XD, Cai XH. Indole Alkaloids from Hunteria zeylanica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:790-797. [PMID: 28362501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Six new bisindole alkaloids, hunterizeylines A-F (1-6), three new monomers, hunterizeylines G-I (7-9), and 13 known alkaloids were isolated from an aqueous MeOH extract of the twigs and leaves of Hunteria zeylanica. Hunterizeyline H, geissoschizol, and dihydrocorynantheol displayed weak insecticidal activity against the aphid Rhodobium porosum, with IC50 values of 168.2, 360.5, and 290.6 μM, respectively.
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Zhong QZ, Wang Z, Tang Y, Rong QL, Wang SL, Jin J, Wang WH, Liu YP, Song YW, Fang H, Chen B, Qi SN, Li N, Tang Y, Zhang JH, Li YX. [Prognostic value of sequencing of radiotherapy and chemotherapy following breast-conserving surgery for patients with breast cancer]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2017; 39:308-314. [PMID: 28550675 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of sequencing of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy following breast-conserving surgery for patients with breast cancer. Methods: A total of 1 154 patients withT1-2N0-3M0 breast cancer retrospectively reviewed. All patients received sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy following breast-conserving surgery. Among them, 603 patients received radiotherapy first and 551 patients received chemotherapy first. Log-rank tests were used to determine significance of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in the Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: The 5-year DFS and OS rates for all patients were 93.0% and 97.8%. The 5-year OS rate was 98.6% in the radiotherapy first group and 96.4% in the chemotherapy first group (P=0.191), and the corresponding DFS rate was 92.7% and 93.2% (P=0.430), respectively. Among the patients with Luminal A subtype, the 5-year OS rate was 99.6% in the radiotherapy first group and 97.8% in the chemotherapy first group (P=0.789). Among the patients with Luminal B subtype, the 5-year OS rate was 94.2% and 96.0%, respectively (P=0.680). Among the patients with triple negative breast cancer, the 5-year OS rate was 100% and 90.9%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P=0.019). Among the patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer, The 5-year DFS rate was 80.1% and 100%, respectively (P=0.045). Conclusions: The OS and DFS rates in the chemotherapy first group are not significantly different from those of radiotherapy first group after breast-conserving surgery. Patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer in chemotherapy first group have a much higher DFS rate than that of radiotherapy first group, whereas patients with triple negative breast cancer in radiotherapy first group have a better OS rate than that of chemotherapy first group. Further research is warranted to investigate the benefit of different molecular types in different sequencing of radiotherapy and chemotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.
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Zhao YL, Cao J, Shang JH, Liu YP, Khan A, Wang HS, Qian Y, Liu L, Ye M, Luo XD. Airways antiallergic effect and pharmacokinetics of alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 27:63-72. [PMID: 28314480 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae), an important herbal medicine, has been widely used to treat respiratory tract diseases, such as cough, asthma, phlegm, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PURPOSE To evaluate pharmacological effect of alkaloids from A. scholaris on ovalbumin induced airways allergic inflammatory model, and explore whether the dosing frequency is related to pharmacokinetics. STUDY DESIGN After oral administration of total alkaloids, the pharmacokinetic study of it was investigated. In addition, anti-allergic studies were carried out on ovalbumin-sensitized airways allergic inflammatory model of mice. METHODS The pharmacokinetics of total alkaloids (TA) was investigated in SD rat plasma by a fully-validated LC-MS/MS method. Then, an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized airways allergic inflammatory model was established, in which mice were intra-gastrically administrated by 3 times a day (8.3 and 16.7mg/kg) based on the pharmacokinetic behavior of TA) and single (25, 50mg/kg) treatment regimen. Dexamethasone was used as a positive control for corticosteroid drugs. Cellular infiltration was assessed in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Expressions of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the BALF were determined, levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eotaxin in serum were measured, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum and BALF were examined. Finally, histopathological examination in the lung was assessed by H. E. staining. RESULTS The time course of plasma concentration of 4 bioactive indole alkaloids fitted an open two-compartment model after oral administration of total alkaloids at doses of 10, 25, and 50mg/kg. The area under the curve and the maximum concentration values of four major alkaloids increased dose-dependently, and half-life suggested a short-lasting pharmacological effect. Then, an ovalbumin-provoked airways allergic inflammatory model indicated that the pharmacological effect of administration of total alkaloids 3 times a day was a little better than that of single dose daily. The percentage of eosinophils in BALF was reduced obviously and the pathological damage of lung was also attenuated. There was also a significant reduction in IL-4 and promotion in IL-10 in the BALF. Serum IgE and eotaxin expression also significantly decreased in treated animals. Furthermore, the activity of SOD elevated remarkably and lipid peroxidation product (MDA) decreased in the administrated mice. CONCLUSION The pharmacological effects administrated for 3 times a day had precedence over single dose daily, which was related to the prolonged retention time and the maintained plasma concentration. Moreover, scholaricine and vallesamine might be responsible for the treatment of allergic asthma, mainly in total alkaloids.
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Liu Y, Liu YP, Liu JY, Yang HC, Wang ZD. [Expression of FoxM1 and BCRP in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type and its prognosis significance]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 46:30-33. [PMID: 28072973 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between expression of FoxM1 and BCRP in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) tissues and the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of the patients. Methods: Seventy-eight cases of IBC-NST with excision were included. The expression of FoxM1 and BCRP was assessed by immunohistochemistry and its relationship with the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis was evaluated. Results: FoxM1 was expressed in 71.8%(56/78) of IBC-NST, and the expression was related to tumor diameter, TNM staging, ER, PR and HER2. BCRP was expressed in 53.8% (42/78) of IBC-NST, and the expression was related to age, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, ER and HER2. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the survival time was related to tumor diameter, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and the expression of FoxM1, BCRP, ER, PR and HER2. Cox multivariate analysis showed that TNM staging, FoxM1, BCRP, HER2 were determinants of patient survival time. Conclusions: The expression of FoxM1 is associated with tumor diameter, TNM staging, ER, PR and HER2 while BCRP is associated with age, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, ER and HER2. Both FoxM1 and BCRP have prognostic significance in IBC-NST patients.
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Li DX, Liu YP, Song JQ, Li MQ, Qin YP, Yang YL. [Two cases with generalized intracranial calcification due to hereditary folate malabsorption and literature review]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 54:931-935. [PMID: 27938595 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical, biochemical and genetic features of two Chinese children with hereditary folate malabsorption. Method: Clinical features, laboratory examinations, treatment and SLC46A1 gene of two cases were studied. Reports on hereditary folate malabsorption utill September of 2016 were searched and the clinical and genetic characteristics of reported cases were summarized. Result: The two patients presented with megaloblastic anemia from their infant period and seizures, psychomotor retardation and regression. In case1, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 100 fl. Serum folate was 9.96 nmol/L. Folate and 5-methylenetetrahydrofolate in cerebrospinal fluid were 0 and 0.01 separately. In case 2, MCV was 93.9 fl. Serum folate was 4.49 nmol/L. The concentration of folate and 5-methylenetetrahydrofolate in cerebrospinal fluid were both zero. On their brain CT, progressive bilateral symmetrical calcification was observed. On their SLC46A1 gene, four mutations were identified. Case 1 had one novel mutation, c. 1238T>C (L413P) and c. 194-195insG (p.Cys66LeufsX99). From Case 2, two reported mutations, c. 1A>T (M1L) and c. 194-195insG (p.Cys66LeufsX99) were identified. The administration of folinic acid (60 to 120 mg per day) was initiated after diagnosis. Clinical improvement and normalized hematologic markers were observed after treatment. Totally 37 cases were reported in reviewed English literature, including 30 cases with mutations on SLC46A1 gene (only one Chinese patient). All the cases had the onset in infancy. The ratio of boys to girls was 1 to 1.5. Main manifestations were characterized by megaloblastic anemia (77%), failure to thrive (50%), diarrhea (27%), psychomotor retardation (63.6%), epilepsy (27%), and infection of respiratory system (45.5%). The concentration of folate in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid was decreased (72.7% and 63.6% respectively). Hypoimmunoglobulinemia accounted for 27.3%. Most of mutations in HFM were distributed between p. 65 and p. 68 (c.194-c.204), mainly due to insertion- or deletion-related frame shifts or generation of stop codons. Oral and parenteral folinic acid treatment was effective. Conclusion: Hereditary folate malabsorption often presented with megaloblastic anemia, abnormalities of digestive and nervous system, and hypoimmunoglobulinemia with recurrent infections. Low level of serum and CSF folate and screening SLC46A1 gene are keys to the etiologic study of the patients. Early supplement with folinic acid is beneficial to the prognosis.
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Wang B, Dai Z, Liu L, Wei X, Zhu PF, Yu HF, Liu YP, Luo XD. Indole Glycosides from Aqueous Fraction of Strychnos nitida. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2016; 6:285-290. [PMID: 27830475 PMCID: PMC5136373 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three new indole glycosides 22-deoxystrictosamide (1), 22-deoxystrictosamide N b-oxide (2) and vincosamide 2'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-11-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), together with four known analogues were isolated from aqueous fraction of Strychnos nitida. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. All the alkaloids were tested for their cytotoxic activity, but they did not show any exciting result.
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Liu YP, Wang CG, Tan HF, Wadee MK. The interactive bending wrinkling behaviour of inflated beams. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472:20160504. [PMID: 27713665 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A model is proposed based on a Fourier series method to analyse the interactive bending wrinkling behaviour of inflated beams. The whole wrinkling evolution is tracked and divided into three stages by identifying the bifurcations of the equilibrium path. The critical wrinkling and failure moments of the inflated beam can then be predicted. The global-local interactive buckling pattern is elucidated by the proposed theoretical model and also verified by non-contact experimental tests. The effects of geometric parameters, internal pressure and boundary conditions on the buckling of inflated beams are investigated finally. The results reveal that the interactive buckling characteristics of an inflated beam under bending are more sensitive to the dimensions of the structure and boundary conditions. We find that for beams which are simply supported at both ends or clamped and simply supported, boundary conditions may prevent the wrinkling formation. The results provide significant support for our understanding of the bending wrinkling behaviour of inflated beams.
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Liu YP, Chen YX, Qiu LR. [Novel SLC26A3 mutation in an infant with congenital chloride-losing diarrhea initially misdiagnosed as Bartter's syndrome]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 54:783-785. [PMID: 27784486 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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168
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Cheng GG, Li D, Hou B, Li XN, Liu L, Chen YY, Lunga PK, Khan A, Liu YP, Zuo ZL, Luo XD. Melokhanines A-J, Bioactive Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids with Diverse Skeletons from Melodinus khasianus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2158-2166. [PMID: 27584856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The new melokhanines A-J (1-10) and 22 known (11-32) alkaloids were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Melodinus khasianus. The new compounds and their absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and computational data. Melokhanine A (1), composed of a hydroxyindolinone linked to an octahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine moiety, is an unprecedented monoterpenoid indole alkaloid. Melokhanines B-H (2-8) possess a new 6/5/5/6/6 pentacyclic indole alkaloid skeleton. Alkaloids 1-16, 25-27, 31, and 32 showed the best antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC range 2-22 μM). Among the seven dermatophytes tested, compound 1 showed significant inhibitory activity against Microsporum canis, M. ferrugineum, and Trichophyton ajelloi (MIC range 38-150 μM), i.e., half the efficacy of the positive control, griseofulvin.
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Lam SP, Wong CCY, Li SX, Zhang JH, Chan JW, Zhou JY, Liu YP, Yu MWM, Wing YK. Caring burden of REM sleep behavior disorder - spouses' health and marital relationship. Sleep Med 2016; 24:40-43. [PMID: 27810184 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is noxious due to the high prevalence of sleep-related injuries to patients and their bed-partners. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of patients' RBD symptoms on their spouses, in terms of the quality of sleep, and physical, mental and marital aspects. METHOD A cross-sectional study comparing spouses of iRBD patients to the spouses of the age-and-sex-matched OSAS patients. RESULTS 40 iRBD patients and their spouses (patients' age 66.6 ± 9.1, male 90%; spouses' age 62.9 ± 7.5), and 35 OSAS patients and their spouses (patients' age 67.8 ± 8.7 years old, male 80%; spouses' age 64.1 ± 9.1) were recruited. Almost all iRBD spouses (90%) reported disturbances by the nocturnal RBD behavioral symptoms of their bedpartners. About two-thirds (62.5%, N = 25) of the iRBD spouses reported a history of being injured during sleep. Spouses of both iRBD and OSAS patients reported a comparably high prevalence of insomnia, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Spouses of iRBD patients, however, reported more impaired quality of life and marital relationship. Nearly two-thirds of RBD couples continued co-sleeping, despite the risk of sleep-related injuries and nocturnal disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Both iRBD and OSAS spouses exhibited a high prevalence of insomnia and mood problems. In particular, iRBD significantly and negatively affect the spouses' quality of life and the marital relationship. Optimization of iRBD treatment, proper diagnosis, and management of sleep and mental health aspects of spouses may help to lessen the caring burden.
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Liu YP, Yang J, Jia H, Shi J. [Application of gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of inner ear to observe bilateral inner ears hydrops in patients with unilateral Meniere's disease]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2016; 30:1290-1296. [PMID: 29797973 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.16.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Xinhua Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute,Shanghai,200092,China This study was designed to study the correlation between endolympahatic hydrops image results and auxiliary examinations by magnetic resonance imaging after intratympanic administration of gadolinium in both ears in unilateral Meniere's disease patients.Meanwhile,the contralateral endolympahatic hydrops of the "asym ptomatic " ear in patients with unilateral Meniere's was also observed.Method:Thirty-one patients with unilateral Meniere's disease were enrolled in this study.All the patients underwent pure tone audiometry,electrocochleography(ECochG),cervical-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(cVEMP) before intratympanic gadolinium contrast agents injected.All the patients underwent three-dimensional fast fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence magnetic resonance imaging(3D-FLAIR MRI) after intratympanic gadolinium contrast agents injected 24 hours.The images were graded in accordance with the severity of endolympatic hydrops.Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the scores of the images and results of auxiliary examination results.Meanwhile,Student's t test was performed for the significance test of the age,duration of the disease and the hearing level of the affected ears between the group with contralateral endolympatic hydrops and the group without contralateral endolympatic hydrops.Result:Pure tone average and the degree of the cochlear hydrops(r=0.383,P <0.05),the SP/AP ratio and the degree of the cochlear hydrops(r=0.496,P<0.01),and interaural amplitude difference and the degree of the vestibular hydrops(r=0.635,P<0.01) showed a significant correlation.The duration of the disease[(6.7±6.3) years vs(2.9±3.1) years,P <0.05] and the hearing level of the affected ear[(70.3±7.4)dB vs(52.5±3.8)dB,P <0.05)] showed a significant difference between the group with contralateral endolympatic hydrops and the group without contralateral endolympatic hydrops.Conclusion:Pure tone average and the degree of the cochlear hydrops,-SP/AP ratio and the degree of the cochlear hydrops,and interaural amplitude difference and the degree of the vestibular hydrops also showed a significant correlation,which suggesting that MRI image can reflect the auditory-vestibular function in patients with Meniere's disease.Endolympatic hydrops and hearing loss are closely related,but not necessarily result in Meniere's disease symptoms.Patients with longer duration of the disease and worse hearing in the affected ears are more likely to develop bilateral endolympatic hydrops.
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Liu L, Song CW, Khan A, Li XN, Yang XW, Cheng GG, Liu YP, Luo XD. A potent antibacterial indole alkaloid from Psychotria pilifera. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2016; 18:798-803. [PMID: 26963582 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1158710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new strychnine alkaloid, 16,17,19,20-tetrahydro-2,16-dehydro-18-deoxyisostrychnine (1), and fourteen known alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of Psychotria pilifera. Their structures were identified on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. The new alkaloid (1) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, equivalent to cefotaxime with MIC value of 0.781 μg/ml.
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Li D, Zhao YL, Qin XJ, Liu L, Yang XW, Chen YY, Wang B, Wei X, Liu YP, Luo XD. Spiralosides A-C, Three New C27-Steroidal Glycoalkaloids from the Fruits of Solanum spirale. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2016; 6:225-31. [PMID: 27318495 PMCID: PMC4940254 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Three new C27-steroidal glycoalkaloids, spiralosides A-C (1-3), were obtained from the total alkaloids of Solanum spirale by chromatographic methods. On the basis of spectroscopic evidence, spiralosides A-C were elucidated as (22R,25S)-22,26-epiminocholest-5-ene-3β,16α-diol-N-acetyl-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1), (22R,25S)-22,26-epiminocholest-5-ene-3β,16α-diol-N-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (2), (22R,25S)-22,26-epiminocholest-3β,16α-diol-N-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (3), respectively. The total alkaloids of S. spirale have been screened for their antitussive and expectorant effects in intact animal model.
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Wang Z, Wang WH, Wang SL, Jin J, Song YW, Liu YP, Ren H, Fang H, Tang Y, Chen B, Qi SN, Lu NN, Li N, Tang Y, Liu XF, Yu ZH, Li YX. [Prognostic differences of phenotypes in pT1-2N0 invasive breast cancer: a large cohort study with cluster analysis]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2016; 38:440-447. [PMID: 27346402 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find phenotypic subgroups of patients with pT1-2N0 invasive breast cancer by means of cluster analysis and estimate the prognosis and clinicopathological features of these subgroups. METHODS From 1999 to 2013, 4979 patients with pT1-2N0 invasive breast cancer were recruited for hierarchical clustering analysis. Age (≤40, 41-70, 70+ years), size of primary tumor, pathological type, grade of differentiation, microvascular invasion, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) were chosen as distance metric between patients. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using Ward's method. Cophenetic correlation coefficient (CPCC) and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to validate clustering structures. RESULTS The CPCC was 0.603. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.617 (P<0.001), which indicated a good fit of hierarchy to the data. A twelve-cluster model seemed to best illustrate our patient cohort. Patients in cluster 5, 9 and 12 had best prognosis and were characterized by age >40 years, smaller primary tumor, lower histologic grade, positive ER and PR status, and mainly negative HER-2. Patients in the cluster 1 and 11 had the worst prognosis, The cluster 1 was characterized by a larger tumor, higher grade and negative ER and PR status, while the cluster 11 was characterized by positive microvascular invasion. Patients in other 7 clusters had a moderate prognosis, and patients in each cluster had distinctive clinicopathological features and recurrent patterns. CONCLUSIONS This study identified distinctive clinicopathologic phenotypes in a large cohort of patients with pT1-2N0 breast cancer through hierarchical clustering and revealed different prognosis. This integrative model may help physicians to make more personalized decisions regarding adjuvant therapy.
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Lin LM, Peng F, Liu YP, Chai DJ, Ning RB, Xu CS, Lin JX. Coadministration of VDR and RXR agonists synergistically alleviates atherosclerosis through inhibition of oxidative stress: An in vivo and in vitro study. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:273-281. [PMID: 27428295 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes contributes to atherosclerosis partially through induction of oxidative stress. Both vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists exhibit anti-atherogenic effects. METHODS We explored the effects of combination treatment with VDR and RXR agonists (represented by calcitriol and bexarotene, respectively) on atherosclerosis progression and the mechanisms involved, using a diabetes model of mice. The animals were intragastrically fed calcitriol (200 ng/kg, twice-a-week), bexarotene (10 mg/kg, once-daily) either alone or in combination for 12 weeks. RESULTS VDR and RXR agonists delayed atherosclerosis progression independent of serum lipid and glucose levels, and significantly reduced the protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit gp91phox and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65, as well as plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Combination therapy alleviated atherosclerosis and inhibited indexes of oxidative stress and inflammation to a greater extent than either monotherapy. In the in vitro study, naturally occurring VDR ligand 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) and RXR ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis-RA), both significantly inhibited high-glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Co-administration of VDR and RXR ligands produced synergistic protection against endothelial apoptosis by antagonizing the protein kinase C /NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species pathway. The inhibitory effects of 9-cis-RA on oxidative stress was attenuated when VDR was downregulated by VDR siRNA; however, downregulation of RXR by RXR siRNA imposed no influence on the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with VDR and RXR agonists synergistically alleviated diabetic atherosclerosis through inhibition of oxidative stress, and the preventive effects of RXR agonist may partially depend on VDR activation.
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Yue M, Liu XJ, Ding Y, Wang XL, Yang HC, Liu YP. [Effect of bufalin on proliferation and apoptosis through ERK/RSK2 pathway in human esophageal carcinoma cell line xenografts in nude mice]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2016; 38:325-32. [PMID: 27188603 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of bufalin on proliferation and apoptosis through ERK/RSK2 pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. METHODS The subcutaneous xenograft model of esophageal cancer ECA109 cells in nude mice was established. The mice were divided into the model group, low-dose bufalin group, medium-dose bufalin group, high-dose bufalin group, PD98059 group and combination group to evaluate the effect of bufalin on the xenografts. The morphology of xenografts was observed by microscopy. The cell apoptosis index of xenografts was detected by TUNEL assay. The expression of ERK and RSK2 mRNA of human ECA109 cell transplantation tumor in nude mice was examined by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels of ERK, p-ERK, RSK2, p-RSK2, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, Bad and p-Bad in the xenografts were examined by Western blot and Immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The tumor size of nude mice in the model group, low-dose bufalin group (BL), medium -dose bufalin group (BM), high-dose bufalin group (BH), PD98059 group and combined therapy group (BP) was (1.758±0.181) cm(3,) (1.680±0.150) cm(3,) (1.285±0.134) cm(3,) (0.873±0.095) cm(3,) (0.815±0.108) cm(3) and (0.530±0.104) cm(3,) respectively. Histological examination showed that the xenografts of each group had varying degrees of necrosis, and the most extensive necrosis was observed in the BP group. The TUNEL assay showed that the cell apoptosis index of xenografts in the model, BL, BM, BH, PD98059 and BP groups was (6.0±0.6)%, (11.0±0.7)%, (19.1±0.9)%, (25.1±1.4)%, (20.0±1.2)% and (17.1±0.7)%, respectively, which is highest in the BH group. The real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the ΔCT values of ERK mRNA in the model, BL, BM, BH, PD98059 and BP groups were 0.270±0.084, 0.293±0.081, 0.596±0.224, 0.857±0.183, 0.868±0.187 and 1.313±0.282, respectively. The ΔCT values of RSK2 mRNA in the model, BL, BM, BH, PD98059 and BP groups were 0.340±0.062, 0.337±0.071, 0.642±0.226, 0.915±0.170, 0.923±0.176 and 1.413±0.269, respectively. The relative expression of ERK and RSK2 mRNA was gradually decreased. Western blot and immunohistochemistry results showed that the protein levels of ERK, RSK2 and Bad in each group were not significantly different (P>0.05). The protein levels of p-ERK in the model, BL, BM, BH, PD98059 and BP groups were 0.721±0.094, 0.695±0.095, 0.555±0.080, 0.388±0.052, 0.341±0.060, 0.235± 0.056, respectively. The median immunoreactivity scores of p-ERK in each group were 8, 8, 6, 4, 5 and 3. The protein levels of p-RSK2 in the model, BL, BM, BH, PD98059 and BP groups were 0.613±0.085, 0.612±0.084, 0.427±0.089, 0.305±0.056, 0.258±0.051, 0.158±0.058, respectively. The median immunoreactivity scores of p-RSK in each group were 8, 8, 5, 3, 3 and 1. The protein level of GSK3β in the model, BL, BM, BH, PD98059 and BP groups were increased gradually, while the protein level of p-GSK3β and p-Bad were decreased gradually. CONCLUSIONS Bufalin exerts significant inhibitory effect on the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma xenogragts in nude mice. Bufalin may suppress the growth of xenogragts in nude mice by down-regulating the level of ERK and RSK2 phosphorylation, inhibit the proliferation of xenogragts via inactivating GSK3β and promote apoptosis through down-regulation of p-Bad.
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