151
|
Oostra RJ, Tijmes NT, Cobben JM, Bolhuis PA, van Nesselrooij BP, Houtman WA, de Kok-Nazaruk MM, Bleeker-Wagemakers EM. On the many faces of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Clin Genet 1997; 51:388-93. [PMID: 9237501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disorder, associated with mutations in the mitochondrial DNA, which is notorious for its aspecific presentations. Two pedigrees are described with cases that are atypical for LHON with respect to sex, age of onset, interval between the eyes becoming affected, course of the disease, concomitant disorders, additional test results, final visual acuity, and/or results of mtDNA analysis. Moreover, the pedigrees themselves did not suggest maternal inheritance. We analysed the diagnostic and clinical genetic difficulties related to the atypical aspects of these pedigrees. We conclude that mtDNA analysis is justified in every case of optic nerve atrophy with no clear cause. Identification of one of the three LHON specifically associated mtDNA mutations is essential to confirm the diagnosis.
Collapse
|
152
|
Nystuen A, Costeff H, Elpeleg ON, Apter N, Bonné-Tamir B, Mohrenweiser H, Haider N, Stone EM, Sheffield VC. Iraqi-Jewish kindreds with optic atrophy plus (3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 3) demonstrate linkage disequilibrium with the CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6:563-9. [PMID: 9097959 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/6.4.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iraqi-Jewish optic atrophy plus is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by infantile optic atrophy, an early onset movement disorder, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Other features include spastic paraplegia, mild ataxia, mild cognitive deficiency and dysarthria. This disorder was identified in inbred Iraqi-Jewish kindreds in which relationships between most of the affected individuals were unknown. In this study we identify linkage to chromosome 19q13.2-q13.3 by using a DNA pooling strategy to perform a genome wide screen followed by a high density search for shared segments among affected individuals in candidate regions identified in the initial genome wide screen. A significantly high positive lod score of 6.14 at zero recombination was obtained for the CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene. The existence of multiple recombinant individuals indicates the disease interval can be further narrowed with additional markers. Linkage disequilibrium was seen in six polymorphic markers across a 1 Mb interval. This region is well characterized and contains several candidate genes.
Collapse
|
153
|
Chalmers RM, Riordan-Eva P, Wood NW. Autosomal recessive inheritance of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with optic atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 62:385-7. [PMID: 9120454 PMCID: PMC1074097 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.62.4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three siblings are reported with childhood onset hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) and adult onset optic atrophy. Electrophysiological studies showed an axonal neuropathy and dysfunction of the retinal ganglion cells or optic nerve. The presumed mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. This is the second family in which autosomal recessive inheritance of HMSN and optic atrophy (HMSN type VI) has been described, and the first in which electrophysiological studies have been reported.
Collapse
|
154
|
Weichenhain B, Stemplinger J, Ziegler AG, Rabl W, Standl E, Stiegler H. [Alström syndrome--a rare disease of diabetic association]. MEDIZINISCHE KLINIK (MUNICH, GERMANY : 1983) 1997; 92:175-8. [PMID: 9173210 DOI: 10.1007/bf03043276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alström's disease is a rare hereditary multiple-system illness, whereas a second-messenger defect can be assumed. CASE REPORT We describe a case-the first in Germany of 15 known cases in the world literature-, who suffers from all clinical features, such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, retinitis pigmentosa, pancochlear damage of the ears, hypogonadism, obesity and chronic nephropathy, with the exception of acanthosis nigricans. CONCLUSION Because of the multiplicity of affected organs the diagnosis of Alström's disease is difficult.
Collapse
|
155
|
Iannaccone A, De Propris G, Roncati S, Rispoli E, Del Porto G, Pannarale MR. The ocular phenotype of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Comparison to non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmic Genet 1997; 18:13-26. [PMID: 9134546 DOI: 10.3109/13816819709057879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate 20 patients affected with Bardet-Biedl (BB) syndrome and compare them to an age-matched group of 70 non-syndromic patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) to identify hallmarks peculiar to the BB phenotype. METHODS Patients were examined clinically and with functional tests (color vision, kinetic perimetry, electroretinography, ocular motility tests). Fundus findings were numerically graded for statistical purposes. RESULTS Recurrent ocular features in BB patients were early and severe reduction of visual acuity, constantly altered color vision, high incidence of strabismus and nystagmus, mild-to-severe atrophic changes of the optic disc, and frequently absent or minimal pigmentary retinal changes. Visual acuity was more closely correlated to optic disc than to macular conditions. These findings were remarkably different from non-syndromic RP. CONCLUSIONS This investigation further suggests that retinopathy in BB syndrome has features distinctive from those in non-syndromic RP. The early occurrence of optic disc atrophy in the BB syndrome, even in those patients with healthy maculas, suggests that optic atrophy could often be primary in nature and might play a major role in decreasing central vision in BB patients. Variability of some findings is in line with the documented heterogeneity of the BB syndrome.
Collapse
|
156
|
Abstract
We report a case of DeSanctis-Cacchione Syndrome presenting with unusual features like early onset of cutaneous lesions and optic atrophy.
Collapse
|
157
|
Hollódy K, Kollár K. [PEHO syndrome (progressive encephalopathy, edema, hypsarrhythmia. optic atrophy)]. Orv Hetil 1997; 138:425-8. [PMID: 9091844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors report the case of a now 2-year-old boy with PEHO syndrome. The syndrome is rare and it has not been published yet in Hungary. The syndrome was named after the first letters of its main characteristic signs: progressive encephalopathy, edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy. The aetiology of the syndrome is still unknown. Autosomal recessive inheritance is likely. The prognosis is poor. Intractable infantile spasms and the arrest of the psychomotoric and mental development can be expected.
Collapse
|
158
|
Votruba M, Moore AT, Bhattacharya SS. Genetic refinement of dominant optic atrophy (OPA1) locus to within a 2 cM interval of chromosome 3q. J Med Genet 1997; 34:117-21. [PMID: 9039986 PMCID: PMC1050863 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (OPA, MIM 165500) is an eye disease characterised by variable optic atrophy and reduction in visual acuity. It has an insidious onset in the first decade of life and is clinically highly heterogeneous. It is associated with a centrocecal scotoma of varying size and density and an acquired blue-yellow dyschromatopsia. Recent studies of three large Danish pedigrees have mapped a gene for dominant optic atrophy (OPA1) to a 10 cM region on chromosome 3q, between markers D3S1314 and D3S1265 (3q28-qter). Genetic linkage analysis in five British pedigrees confirms mapping to chromosome 3q28-qter. Haplotype analysis of a seven generation pedigree positions the disease causing gene between loci D3S3590 and D3S1305, corresponding to a genetic distance of 2 cM. This represents a significant linkage refinement and should facilitate positional cloning of the disease gene.
Collapse
|
159
|
Shevell MI, Colangelo P, Treacy E, Polomeno RC, Rosenblatt B. Progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy (PEHO syndrome). Pediatr Neurol 1996; 15:337-9. [PMID: 8972535 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-8994(96)00161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy syndrome is a recently described rare disorder of infantile regression, intractable seizures, and cerebellar atrophy that occurs almost exclusively in the Finnish population. We report the first North American child with this condition.
Collapse
|
160
|
Khalifa MM, Yamashiro H, Duncan AM, Hefferon M, Martin AE. A female with monosomy 18 mosaicism: a previously undescribed chromosome abnormality. Clin Genet 1996; 49:318-20. [PMID: 8884084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1996.tb03798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on a patient with monosomy 18 mosaicism, a previously undescribed chromosome abnormality. The phenotype is reminiscent of chromosome 18 ring mosaicism. The reason that the patient survived may be attributed to low level mosaicism for the monosomy.
Collapse
|
161
|
Ammann D, Weissert M, Gottlob I. [Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome: a case presentation]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1996; 208:356-7. [PMID: 8766048 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1035236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
162
|
Taylor RW, Birch-Machin MA, Schaefer J, Taylor L, Shakir R, Ackrell BA, Cochran B, Bindoff LA, Jackson MJ, Griffiths P, Turnbull DM. Deficiency of complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in late-onset optic atrophy and ataxia. Ann Neurol 1996; 39:224-32. [PMID: 8967754 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410390212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are increasingly being recognized as an important cause of neurological disease in humans. In many of these patients, the biochemical defect results from an abnormality of the mitochondrial genome. Respiratory chain defects involving complex II, which is entirely encoded by the nuclear genome, are comparatively rare. We report the clinical and biochemical findings in 2 elderly sisters who presented with late-onset neurodegenerative disease. In both patients, a partial deficiency of complex II (approximately 50% of control values) was shown to be present in mitochondria from muscle and platelets. The enzyme defect was not expressed in cultured skin fibroblasts or immortalized lymphocytes. There was an overexpression of the 70-kd flavoprotein subunit in muscle mitochondria from both patients, although we showed that this subunit is present in normal amounts in mitochondrial membranes. Our studies highlight the diversity of the clinical presentation of respiratory chain disease and that complex II deficiency should enter the differential diagnosis of certain patients with late-onset neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
|
163
|
Chalmers RM, Bird AC, Harding AE. Autosomal dominant optic atrophy with asymptomatic peripheral neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60:195-6. [PMID: 8708653 PMCID: PMC1073804 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.60.2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The association between hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) and optic atrophy has been termed HMSN type VI. The autosomal dominant inheritance of this syndrome is reported. Three generations were affected with optic atrophy, which differed in some respects from classic dominant optic atrophy, and an asymptomatic, mainly sensory, neuropathy.
Collapse
|
164
|
Fujimoto S, Yokochi K, Nakano M, Wada Y. Progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy (PEHO syndrome) in two Japanese siblings. Neuropediatrics 1995; 26:270-2. [PMID: 8552220 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-979771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on two Japanese siblings (one female and one male) with PEHO syndrome (progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy). They showed profound generalized hypotonia early in infancy and developed infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia within the first year of life. Abnormal eye movement and visual failure with optic atrophy were also observed early in infancy. Psychomotor development was arrested and serial neuroradiological studies showed slight progressive brain atrophy, dominantly of the brainstem. This is the first case report of PEHO syndrome, other than those dealing with the Finnish population.
Collapse
|
165
|
Terasaki H, Miyake Y, Awaya S, Horio N. [Visual functions of dominantly inherited juvenile optic atrophy]. NIPPON GANKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 1995; 99:964-71. [PMID: 7676899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Visual functions including color vision and spectral sensitivity were investigated in 18 of 36 patients and in 2 persons with normal visual acuity in 8 families with dominantly inherited juvenile optic atrophy. Seven of the 8 families had at least one member who showed mainly acquired blue-yellow color vision deficiency. However, only 4 patients showed typical blue-yellow color vision deficiency, which suggested nonspecific characteristics of color vision deficiency in optic neural diseases. One family showed mainly acquired red-green color vision deficiency. Spectral sensitivity functions measured in 5 patients of 3 families showed sensitivity loss in the middle and long wavelength range as well as markedly decreased sensitivity in the short wavelength range. Decrease in spectral sensitivity in the short wavelength range or minimal blue-yellow color vision defect in a subject's brothers with normal visual acuity is interesting, but further study is needed because blue sensitivity decreases easily in various conditions.
Collapse
|
166
|
Abstract
The fifteenth known case of GAPO syndrome is presented: a probable autosomal-recessive condition of growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia (failure of tooth eruption), and optic atrophy. This article contains the clinical report of a 9-year-old girl and a short review of the hitherto-known cases. The syndrome could be attributed to either ectodermal dysplasia or perhaps an accumulation of extracellular connective tissue matrix.
Collapse
|
167
|
Moro F, Cavallaro N. [Optic glioma in 3 patients with Recklinghausen disease]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1995; 206:178-83. [PMID: 7616728 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1035426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with neurofibromatosis demonstrate a very variable clinical picture with signs that are largely age dependent. Rarely a glioma is the first presenting sign of the disease. PATIENTS Three patients with gliomas of the optic nerve and chiasm with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) were followed for 10-20 years. Clinical course and therapy are discussed. CONCLUSION The correct diagnosis of exophthalmos, papilledema or optic atrophy in childhood is facilitated by family history and examination of an adult member of the family, who is likely to have already developed café-au-lait spots, neurofibromas of the skin, axillary freckles and Lisch nodules as clinical signs of neurofibromatosis.
Collapse
|
168
|
Lizcano-Gil LA, García-Cruz D, García-Cruz O, Sánchez-Corona J. Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome: further delineation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 55:420-2. [PMID: 7762580 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320550407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome is an entity characterized by proportionate short stature and low weight of prenatal onset, moderate to severe mental retardation, seizures, and typical facial changes including microcephaly, telecanthus, upward or downward slanting palpebral fissures, prominent eyes, ocular abnormalities, hypoplastic maxilla, short philtrum, and large mouth. This is the seventh reported case, and the first one in which the patient also presents with optic atrophy. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been proposed until now, however, the increased paternal age seen in this case is suggestive of a possible autosomal dominant de novo mutation.
Collapse
|
169
|
Newman NJ, Torroni A, Brown MD, Lott MT, Wallace DC, Philen R, Roman GC. Cuban optic neuropathy. Neurology 1995; 45:397. [PMID: 7710535 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.45.2.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
170
|
Caldemeyer KS, Smith RR, Edwards-Brown MK. Familial hypophosphatemic rickets causing ocular calcification and optic canal narrowing. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16:1252-4. [PMID: 7677018 PMCID: PMC8337831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In a case of familial hypophosphatemic rickets, marked bone thickening caused narrowing of the optic canals, resulting in bilateral optic atrophy. The case also showed metastatic calcification in the walls of both globes.
Collapse
|
171
|
Valanne L, Pihko H, Katevuo K, Karttunen P, Somer H, Santavuori P. MRI of the brain in muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease. Neuroradiology 1994; 36:473-6. [PMID: 7991095 DOI: 10.1007/bf00593687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease belongs to the spectrum of rare congenital syndromes with migration disorders of the brain and muscular dystrophy, along with the Walker-Warburg syndrome and Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy. Their features overlap, and differential diagnosis presents some difficulties. We examined the brain of 10 patients with MEB using high-field MRI and found a uniform pattern consisting of a pachygyria-type cortical migration disorder, septal and corpus callosum defects and severe hypoplasia of the pons in 7 of them.
Collapse
|
172
|
Phadke SR, Haldhar A, Sharma AK, Pande R, Bhatia V, Agarwal SS. GAPO syndrome in a child without dermal hyaline deposit. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 51:191-3. [PMID: 7521121 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320510303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A 5-year-old girl with GAPO syndrome from India lacked PAS-positive hyaline material in the skin biopsy from thigh and scalp. The role of this pathological change, earlier reported by Wajntal et al. [1990] in the pathogenesis of GAPO syndrome, needs to be reexamined.
Collapse
|
173
|
Abstract
A 37-year-old woman had optic atrophy in both eyes and low-tone hearing disturbance of both ears noted after 34 years of age. Her visual acuity was 0.5 in the right eye and 0.6 in the left. The visual fields of both eyes showed slight progressive concentric narrowing. Hearing loss was gradually progressive. Her 13-year-old daughter also had optic atrophy in both eyes and low-tone hearing loss in both ears after 11 years of age. Her visual acuity was 0.8 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left. Her visual fields showed slight concentric narrowing. She had enlarged blind spots in both eyes. The mother and her daughter had deuteranomaly. Family history showed that the father, one brother and three sisters of the mother had congenital hearing loss. No other cause for the optic nerve atrophy and hearing disturbance could be found except heredity.
Collapse
|
174
|
Grollman EM, Papacostas SS. Acquired dementia with retinitis pigmentosa. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994; 7:18-22. [PMID: 8192825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of mental retardation and retinitis pigmentosa has been well described in a number of congenital syndromes such as the Lawrence-Moon and Bardet-Biedl disorders. In contrast to this, little information is available regarding the association of acquired dementia with retinitis pigmentosa. This report summarizes the clinical features of a developmentally normal adult having the unusual symptom complex of retinitis pigmentosa, early-onset dementia, sensorineural hearing loss, and sensorimotor neuropathy. Though the coexistence of retinitis pigmentosa and dementia in this particular patient may be completely coincidental, it could be representative of a previously unrecognized subset of dementing illness. The literature pertaining to related symptom complexes is reviewed and discussed.
Collapse
|
175
|
Warburg M, Sjö O, Fledelius HC, Pedersen SA. Autosomal recessive microcephaly, microcornea, congenital cataract, mental retardation, optic atrophy, and hypogenitalism. Micro syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1993; 147:1309-12. [PMID: 8249951 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1993.02160360051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Three affected children from an inbred family had microcornea, microcephaly, congenital cataract, severe mental retardation, retinal dystrophy, optic nerve atrophy, hypothalamic hypogenitalism, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. The disorder is presumably autosomal recessive; no identical syndrome has been described, but we consider syndromes with similar features.
Collapse
|