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Ritz B, Rhodes SL, Qian L, Schernhammer E, Olsen JH, Friis S. L-type calcium channel blockers and Parkinson disease in Denmark. Ann Neurol 2010; 67:600-6. [PMID: 20437557 PMCID: PMC2917467 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate L-type calcium channel blockers of the dihydropyridine class for association with Parkinson disease (PD), because some of these drugs traverse the blood-brain barrier, are potentially neuroprotective, and have previously been evaluated for impact on PD risk. METHODS We identified 1,931 patients with a first-time diagnosis for PD between 2001 and 2006 as reported in the Danish national hospital/outpatient database and density matched them by birth year and sex to 9,651 controls from the population register. The index date for cases and their corresponding controls was advanced to the date of first recorded prescription for anti-Parkinson drugs, if prior to first PD diagnosis in the hospital records. Prescriptions were determined from the national pharmacy database. In our primary analyses, we excluded all calcium channel blocker prescriptions 2 years before index date/PD diagnosis. RESULTS Employing logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, diagnosis of chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder, and Charlson comorbidity score, we found that subjects prescribed dihydropyridines (excludes amlodipine) between 1995 and 2 years prior to the index date were less likely to develop PD (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.97); this 27% risk reduction did not differ with length or intensity of use. Risk estimates were close to null for the peripherally acting drug amlodipine and for other antihypertensive medications. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest a potential neuroprotective role for centrally acting L-type calcium channel blockers of the dihydropyridine class in PD that should be further investigated in studies that can distinguish between types of L-type channel blockers.
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Hoffart A, Friis S. Therapists' Emotional Reactions to Anxious Inpatients During Integrated Behavioral-Psychodynamic Treatment: A Psychometric Evaluation of a Feeling Word Checklist. Psychother Res 2010; 10:462-73. [DOI: 10.1093/ptr/10.4.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Brenner DR, Boffetta P, Duell EJ, Bickeböller H, Rosenberger A, Muscat JE, Yang P, Wichmann E, Schwartz AG, Tjønneland A, Friis S, LeMarchand L, Zhang ZF, Lazarus P, Field JK, McLaughlin JR, Wiencke J, Neri M, Lan Q, Orlow I, Park BJ, Hung RJ. Abstract 4826: International Lung Cancer Consortium: Pooled analysis of previous lung diseases and lung cancer risk. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To clarify the role of previous lung diseases (PLDs) (chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asbestosis and silicosis) in the development of lung cancer we conducted a pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Data from 16 studies (9 population based case-control, 4 hospital based case-control, 2 mixed case-control and 1 cohort - 10 from North America, 5 from Europe and 1 from Asia) were pooled, including 24044 cases and 81256 controls. Study-specific effect estimates were derived using logistic regression models for case-control studies and Cox proportional hazards models for cohort studies adjusted for age, sex, education and pack-years of smoking. Effect estimates were then pooled using random effects models where summary effects for each of the PLDs were evaluated separately. Stratified analyses were conducted based on smoking status, histology and study design or control source. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochrane Q statistic and Galbraith plots, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots as well as the Begg test. A previous history of emphysema conferred a relative risk (RR) of 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67-2.82 (from 15 studies, p-het<.001). A previous history of chronic bronchitis conferred a RR of 1.49, 95% CI: 1.33-1.60 (from 12 studies, p-het.=0.434). Tuberculosis was associated with a RR of 1.54, 95% CI: 1.19-1.99 (from 15 studies, p-het.=0.001). Both asbestosis (RR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.53-4.12 (from 7 studies, p-het=0.379)) and silicosis (RR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.15-2.54, (from 3 studies, p-het. p=0.476)) were also associated with lung cancer risk. When the outlying studies were removed, effect estimates changed minimally and heterogeneity was reduced. Findings were consistent in subgroup analyses by smoking status and histology (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer). Effect estimates among never smokers were for emphysema a RR of 2.21, 95% CI: 0.99-4.90 (from 8 studies), for chronic bronchitis 1.12, 95% CI: 0.78-1.62 (from 9 studies), for pneumonia 1.37, 95% CI: 1.10-1.70 (from 10 studies) and for tuberculosis 1.54, 95% CI: 0.99-2.39 (from 9 studies). In this analysis of data from multiple continents, PLDs were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. The evidence among never smokers supports a direct relationship between previous lung diseases and lung cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4826.
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Chuang SC, Scélo G, Lee YCA, Friis S, Pukkala E, Brewster DH, Hemminki K, Tracey E, Weiderpass E, Tamaro S, Pompe-Kirn V, Kliewer EV, Chia KS, Tonita JM, Martos C, Jonasson JG, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Hashibe M. Risks of second primary cancer among patients with major histological types of lung cancers in both men and women. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:1190-5. [PMID: 20354532 PMCID: PMC2853101 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns of second primary cancers (SPCs) following first primary lung cancers (FPLCs) may provide aetiological insights into FPLC. METHODS Cases of FPLCs in 13 cancer registries in Europe, Australia, Canada, and Singapore were followed up from the date of FPLC diagnosis to the date of SPC diagnosis, date of death, or end of follow-up. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to estimate the magnitude of SPC development following squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), and adenocarcinoma (ADC). RESULTS Among SCC patients, male SIR=1.58 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.50-1.66) and female SIR=2.31 (1.94-2.72) for smoking-related SPC. Among SCLC patients, the respective ratios were 1.39 (1.20-1.60) and 2.28 (1.73-2.95), and among ADC patients, they were 1.73 (1.57-1.90) and 2.24 (1.91-2.61). We also observed associations between first primary lung ADC and second primary breast cancer in women (SIR=1.25, 95% CI=1.05-1.48) and prostate cancer (1.56, 1.39-1.79) in men. CONCLUSION The FPLC patients carried excess risks of smoking-related SPCs. An association between first primary lung ADC and second primary breast and ovarian cancer in women at younger age and prostate cancers in men may reflect an aetiological role of hormones in lung ADC.
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Chang ET, Cronin-Fenton DP, Friis S, Hjalgrim H, Sørensen HT, Pedersen L. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in relation to Hodgkin lymphoma risk in northern Denmark. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:59-64. [PMID: 20056623 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few known modifiable risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma, but the recent finding of an inverse association between routine regular-strength aspirin use and Hodgkin lymphoma risk suggests that aspirin may protect against Hodgkin lymphoma development. To further investigate this association using prospectively collected data, we conducted a population-based case-control study in northern Denmark. A total of 478 incident Hodgkin lymphoma cases were identified in nationwide health-care databases from 1991 to 2008. Ten population controls were matched to each case on age, sex, and county using risk-set sampling. Use of aspirin, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from 1989 to 2007 was ascertained by linkage to a population-based prescription database. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for associations between medication use and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for ever use (>2 prescriptions) compared with never/rare use (< or =2 prescriptions) of low-dose aspirin was 0.7 (0.5-1.2). The association with low-dose aspirin use did not vary appreciably by recentness, duration, or intensity of use. Recent use (>2 prescriptions in the 1-2 years before the index date), short-term use (<7 years), and medium/high-intensity use (> or =25% of duration of use covered by prescription) of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or other NSAIDs was associated with increased Hodgkin lymphoma risk possibly due to prodromal symptoms among cases. In conclusion, our results provide some evidence of a protective effect of low-dose aspirin, but not other NSAIDs, against Hodgkin lymphoma development.
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Jacobsen RB, Olsen HL, Friis S, Schrøder R, Jensen M, Sunesen M. TRP'Ing on QPatch in Multi-Hole Mode. Biophys J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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182
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McPate M, Lilley S, Gosling M, Friis S, Jacobsen R, Tranter P. Evaluation of the QPatch HT and HTX Systems As Methods for Ion Channel Screening. Biophys J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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183
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Rugbjerg K, Friis S, Ritz B, Schernhammer ES, Korbo L, Olsen JH. Autoimmune disease and risk for Parkinson disease: a population-based case-control study. Neurology 2009; 73:1462-8. [PMID: 19776374 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181c06635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory mediators are increased in autoimmune diseases and may activate microglia and might cause an inflammatory state and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Thus, we evaluated whether having an autoimmune disease increases the risk for developing Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS A population based case-control study was conducted in Denmark of 13,695 patients with a primary diagnosis of PD recorded in the Danish National Hospital Register during the period 1986-2006. Each case was matched on year of birth and sex to 5 population controls selected at random from among inhabitants of Denmark who were alive at the date of the patient's diagnosis. The main exposure measure was a hospital diagnosis of 1 of 32 selected autoimmune diseases recorded 5 or more years before the index date in the files of the Danish Hospital Register. RESULTS We observed no overall association between a diagnosis of autoimmune disease and risk for subsequent PD (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.85-1.08). In a subgroup of patients with autoimmune diseases with systemic involvement, primarily rheumatoid arthritis, we saw a decrease in risk for PD of 30%. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the hypothesis that autoimmune diseases increase the risk for Parkinson disease. The decreased risk observed among patients with rheumatoid arthritis might be explained by underdiagnosis of movement disorders such as Parkinson disease in this patient group or by a protective effect of the treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs over prolonged periods.
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Hvilsom GB, Hölmich LR, Henriksen TF, Lipworth L, McLaughlin JK, Friis S. Local complications after cosmetic breast augmentation: results from the Danish Registry for Plastic Surgery of the breast. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124:919-925. [PMID: 19730312 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181b0389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective long-term data on the occurrence of complications following breast augmentation are sparse and the reported frequencies differ substantially. METHODS The Danish Registry for Plastic Surgery of the Breast has prospectively registered preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data for women undergoing breast augmentation in Denmark since 1999. From the Registry, the authors identified 5373 women with a primary cosmetic breast augmentation between 1999 and 2007. The authors calculated incidence proportions of adverse clinical outcomes within three time intervals (0 to 30 days, 0 to 3 years, and 0 to 5 years) after primary implantation. Outcomes of primary interest were capsular contracture, asymmetry/displacement of the implant, hematoma, and infection. RESULTS During the entire follow-up period (mean, 3.8 years; range, 0.1 to 8.7 years), 16.7 percent of the women were registered with an adverse event and 4.8 percent of the women were registered with a surgery-requiring complication. The most common adverse events within 30 days were hematoma (1.1 percent) and infections (1.2 percent), whereas the most common adverse events within 5 years were change of tactile sense (8.7 percent) and asymmetry/displacement of implant (5.2 percent). Within 5 years, 1.7 percent of the women had a record of severe capsular contracture. Displacement/asymmetry and capsular contracture were the most frequent indications for reoperation with removal or exchange of the implant. CONCLUSIONS Population-based complication frequencies among women with cosmetic breast augmentation in a Danish nationwide implant registry were generally lower than those reported in other studies, although frequencies of complications increased with length of follow-up.
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Bunkan BH, Moen O, Opjordsmoen S, Ljunggren AE, Friis S. Interrater reliability of the comprehensive body examination. Physiother Theory Pract 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09593980290058508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
While the beneficial effects of hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) on cardiovascular disease are well established, much uncertainty remains about their effects on cancer. The statins inhibit the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway, leading to reduced levels of cholesterol and other molecules of importance for critical cellular processes. A growing body of preclinical data indicates that statins may have antineoplastic properties, but some studies raise the possibility that statins may possess a carcinogenic potential. Clinical and observational studies of the association between statin use and cancer have been inconclusive with regard to any chemopreventive or therapeutic effect, but they do provide reassuring evidence that statins do not appear to be carcinogenic. The reasons for the varying results are unclear but they may relate to methodological issues. Additional studies, including Phase II randomized trials and epidemiological studies with accurate measures of statin use and comprehensive control for confounding factors, are needed to determine the potentially beneficially effects of statins on cancer development and progression.
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Hallas J, Friis S, Bjerrum L, Støvring H, Narverud SF, Heyerdahl T, Grønbæk K, Andersen M. Cancer Risk in Long-term Users of Valproate: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1714-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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188
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Joa I, Johannessen JO, Langeveld J, Friis S, Melle I, Opjordsmoen S, Simonsen E, Vaglum P, McGlashan T, Larsen TK. Baseline profiles of adolescent vs. adult-onset first-episode psychosis in an early detection program. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009; 119:494-500. [PMID: 19207132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychotic disorders often start in adolescence. We aim to investigate premorbid and baseline differences characterizing patients with an onset of psychosis in adolescence versus adulthood. METHOD We compare first-episode, DSM-IV non-affective psychosis with onset before (n = 43) and after (n = 189) 18 years on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), level of symptoms, suicidal behaviour, and other baseline clinical and demographic characteristics. RESULTS Adolescent onset patients had poorer premorbid functioning, a longer DUP, higher suicidality, and more depressive symptoms. They also had better cognition, fewer psychotic symptoms, and were more likely to be treated on an out-patient basis. CONCLUSION Adolescents with first-episode psychosis may have a slower and more silent, i.e. insidious onset, and are at risk of experiencing longer treatment delays than adults. They fit the description of what used to be labeled process (versus reactive) schizophrenia.
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Poulsen AH, Christensen S, McLaughlin JK, Thomsen RW, Sørensen HT, Olsen JH, Friis S. Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer: a population-based cohort study. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1503-7. [PMID: 19352380 PMCID: PMC2694435 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use leads to hypergastrinaemia, which has been associated with gastrointestinal neoplasia. We evaluated the association between PPI use and risk of gastric cancer using population-based health-care registers in North Jutland, Denmark, during 1990–2003. We compared incidence rates among new users of PPI (n=18 790) or histamine-2-antagonists (H2RAs) (n=17 478) and non-users of either drug. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) adjusted for multiple confounders. We incorporated a 1-year lag time to address potential reverse causation. We identified 109 gastric cancer cases among PPI users and 52 cases among H2RA users. After incorporating the 1-year lag time, we observed IRRs for gastric cancer of 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8–2.0) among PPI users and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8–1.8) among H2RA users compared with non-users. These estimates are in contrast to significant overall IRRs of 9.0 and 2.8, respectively, without the lag time. In lag time analyses, increased IRRs were observed among PPI users with the largest number of prescriptions or the longest follow-up compared with H2RA users or non-users. Although our results point to a major influence of reverse causation and confounding by indication on the association between PPI use and gastric cancer incidence, the finding of increased incidence among PPI users with most prescriptions and longest follow-up warrants further investigation.
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Mathes C, Friis S, Finley M, Liu Y. QPatch: the missing link between HTS and ion channel drug discovery. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2009; 12:78-95. [PMID: 19149494 DOI: 10.2174/138620709787047948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The conventional patch clamp has long been considered the best approach for studying ion channel function and pharmacology. However, its low throughput has been a major hurdle to overcome for ion channel drug discovery. The recent emergence of higher throughput, automated patch clamp technology begins to break this bottleneck by providing medicinal chemists with high-quality, information-rich data in a more timely fashion. As such, these technologies have the potential to bridge a critical missing link between high-throughput primary screening and meaningful ion channel drug discovery programs. One of these technologies, the QPatch automated patch clamp system developed by Sophion Bioscience, records whole-cell ion channel currents from 16 or 48 individual cells in a parallel fashion. Here, we review the general applicability of the QPatch to studying a wide variety of ion channel types (voltage-/ligand-gated cationic/anionic channels) in various expression systems. The success rate of gigaseals, formation of the whole-cell configuration and usable cells ranged from 40-80%, depending on a number of factors including the cell line used, ion channel expressed, assay development or optimization time and expression level in these studies. We present detailed analyses of the QPatch features and results in case studies in which secondary screening assays were successfully developed for a voltage-gated calcium channel and a ligand-gated TRP channel. The increase in throughput compared to conventional patch clamp with the same cells was approximately 10-fold. We conclude that the QPatch, combining high data quality and speed with user friendliness and suitability for a wide array of ion channels, resides on the cutting edge of automated patch clamp technology and plays a pivotal role in expediting ion channel drug discovery.
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Friis S, Mathes C, Sunesen M, Bowlby M, Dunlop J. Characterization of compounds on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 channels using higher throughput electrophysiology. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 177:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lipworth L, Tarone RE, Friis S, Ye W, Olsen JH, Nyren O, McLaughlin JK. Cancer among Scandinavian women with cosmetic breast implants: a pooled long-term follow-up study. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:490-3. [PMID: 19003966 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
No increased risks of specific types of cancer following breast implantation have been consistently reported, but data on risk beyond 15 years are limited. We have pooled the results of 2 nationwide cohort studies of 3,486 Swedish and 2,736 Danish women who underwent cosmetic breast implantation between 1965 and 1993. Cancer incidence through 2002 was ascertained through nationwide cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare cancer incidence among women with implants with women in the general population. Mean duration of follow up was 16.6 years (range 0.1-37.8 years). Over 50% of women were followed for 15 years or more after breast implantation and 13.3% for at least 25 years. There was a reduced incidence of breast cancer (SIR=0.73; 95% CI 0.58-0.90), whereas lung cancer was above expectation (SIR=1.64; 95% CI 1.10-2.36). The increased risk of lung cancer is expected due to the high prevalence of smoking among the women with implants in our study. With respect to other site-specific cancers, no significantly increased or decreased SIR was observed. This study, which includes women followed for almost 4 decades, represents the longest follow up of women with cosmetic breast implants to date. The results provide no evidence of an association between breast implants and any type of cancer.
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Friis S, Poulsen AH, Sørensen HT, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Vogel U, McLaughlin JK, Blot WJ, Olsen JH. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer: a Danish cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20:731-40. [PMID: 19122977 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-008-9286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The optimal duration and dose of aspirin and non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the potential prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been established. We examined this issue in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study. METHODS Self-reported NSAID use at entry (January 1995-May 1997) was updated through June 2006, using a nationwide prescription database. CRC incidence was ascertained from nationwide registers. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute confounder-adjusted incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS From 51,053 cohort subjects, we identified 615 CRC cases during 1995-2006. Daily aspirin use at entry was associated with a decreased risk of CRC (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.49-1.10). A similar risk reduction was seen among subjects with 10 or more prescriptions for aspirin or non-aspirin NSAIDs and five or more years of follow-up. Most aspirin prescriptions were for 75-150 mg aspirin tablets. Among non-aspirin NSAID users, only those with body mass index (BMI) above 25 showed risk reductions [RR, 0.69 (0.47-1.03) for 10 or more prescriptions]. CONCLUSIONS Long-term consistent use of aspirin or non-aspirin NSAIDs appears necessary to achieve a protective effect against CRC. Further studies of the effective dose of aspirin and the potential interaction between NSAID use and BMI are warranted.
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Jónsdóttir H, Friis S, Horne R, Pettersen KI, Reikvam A, Andreassen OA. Beliefs about medications: measurement and relationship to adherence in patients with severe mental disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009; 119:78-84. [PMID: 18983630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) has satisfactory psychometric properties in patients with severe mental disorders and if their scores differ from those of patients with severe medical disorders. To investigate if the scores are related to medication adherence. METHOD Two hundred and eighty psychiatric patients completed the BMQ and reported how much of their medication they had taken the past week. Serum concentrations of medications were analyzed. BMQ scores were compared with those of patients with chronic medical disorders. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory for all subscales. The psychiatric group scored lower on the necessity of taking medication than the medical group. Non-adherent patients felt medication to be less necessary and were more concerned about it than adherent patients. The necessity subscale predicted adherence fairly well. CONCLUSION The BMQ has satisfactory psychometric properties for use in patients with severe mental disorders. The constructs measured by the BMQ are related to adherence in these patients.
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Jensen AØ, Thomsen HF, Engebjerg MC, Olesen AB, Friis S, Karagas MR, Sørensen HT. Use of oral glucocorticoids and risk of skin cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a population-based case-control study. Br J Cancer 2008; 100:200-5. [PMID: 19034275 PMCID: PMC2634665 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In North Jutland County, Denmark, we investigated whether use of oral glucocorticoids was associated with an increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). From the Danish Cancer Registry we identified 5422 BCC, 935 SCC, 983 MM, and 481 NHL cases during 1989–2003. Using risk-set sampling we selected four age- and gender-matched population controls for each case from the Civil Registration System. Prescriptions for oral glucocorticoids before diagnosis were obtained from the Prescription Database of North Jutland County on the basis of National Health Service data. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs), adjusting for chronic medical diseases (information about these were obtained from the National Patient Registry) and use of other immunosuppressants. We found slightly elevated risk estimates for BCC (IRR, 1.15 (95% CI: 1.07–1.25)), SCC (IRR, 1.14 (95% CI: 0.94–1.39)), MM (IRR, 1.15 (95% CI: 0.94–1.41), and NHL (IRR, 1.11 (95% CI: 0.85–1.46)) among users of oral glucocorticoids. Our study supports an overall association between glucocorticoid use and risk of BCC that cannot be explained by the presence of chronic diseases or concomitant use of other immunosuppressants.
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Ringen PA, Melle I, Birkenaes AB, Engh JA, Faerden A, Vaskinn A, Friis S, Opjordsmoen S, Andreassen OA. The level of illicit drug use is related to symptoms and premorbid functioning in severe mental illness. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008; 118:297-304. [PMID: 18759810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is conflicting data on drug abuse and outcome in severe mental illness. This study aims to investigate if the amount of illicit psychoactive drug use is related to symptom load or premorbid functioning across diagnosis in patients with severe mental illness. METHOD Symptom load, sociodemographic status, premorbid functioning and the level of use of illicit psychoactive drugs were assessed in 423 subjects with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS High amount of illicit drug use was associated with poorer premorbid academic functioning. In schizophrenia, there was a significant positive association between amount of drug use and severity of psychiatric symptoms. The association between symptom load and drug use was significant after controlling for premorbid functioning. CONCLUSION The results suggest a direct association between the quantity of current drug use and more severe symptoms in schizophrenia. Poor premorbid functioning was related to high amount of use, but did not explain the difference in symptom load.
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Ringen PA, Lagerberg TV, Birkenaes AB, Engn J, Faerden A, Jónsdottir H, Nesvåg R, Friis S, Opjordsmoen S, Larsen F, Melle I, Andreassen OA. Differences in prevalence and patterns of substance use in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2008; 38:1241-1249. [PMID: 18070373 DOI: 10.1017/s003329170700236x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have partly overlapping clinical profiles, which include an over-representation of substance-use behaviour. There are few previous studies directly comparing substance-use patterns in the two disorders. The objective of the present study was to compare the prevalence of substance use in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and investigate possible differences in pattern and frequency of use. METHOD A total of 336 patients with schizophrenia or bipolar spectrum disorder from a catchment area-based hospital service were included in a cross-sectional study. In addition to thorough clinical assessments, patients were interviewed about drug-use history, habits and patterns of use. The prevalence and drug-use patterns were compared between groups. RESULTS Patients with bipolar disorder had higher rates of alcohol consumption, while schizophrenia patients more often used centrally stimulating substances, had more frequent use of non-alcoholic drugs and more often used more than one non-alcoholic drug. Single use of cannabis was more frequent in bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION The present study showed diagnosis-specific patterns of substance use in severe mental disorder. This suggests a need for more disease-specific treatment strategies, and indicates that substance use may be an important factor in studies of overlapping disease mechanisms.
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Jensen AØ, Bautz A, Olesen AB, Karagas MR, Sørensen HT, Friis S. Mortality in Danish patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer, 1978-2001. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:419-25. [PMID: 18616784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a growing public health problem among Caucasians, thus mortality data that may provide insight into the clinical course and foster our understanding of NMSC are important. OBJECTIVES We examined total and cause-specific mortality among patients with NMSC registered in the Danish Cancer Registry from 1978 to 2001. METHODS A total of 82 837 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 13 453 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were followed through the National Death Registry for specific causes of death. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed based on mortality rates in the general population. RESULTS Among patients with BCC, we found a slightly reduced total mortality [SMR 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-0.98] with decreased SMRs seen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus. The SMR for suicide was increased. Among patients with SCC, we found an increased total mortality (SMR 1.30, 95% CI 1.26-1.33) due primarily to excess deaths from cancers, COPD, CVD and infectious diseases. CONCLUSIONS We found markedly different mortality patterns among patients with BCC and those with SCC, suggesting important differences in the clinical course of these patients.
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Chuang S, Scelo G, Tonita J, Tamaro S, Jonasson J, Kliewer E, Hemminki K, Weiderpass E, Pukkala E, Tracey E, Friis S, Pompe-Kirn V, Brewster D, Martos C, Chia K, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Hashibe M. Risk of second primary cancer among patients with head and neck cancers: a pooled analysis of 13 cancer registries. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Schrøder RL, Friis S, Sunesen M, Mathes C, Willumsen NJ. Automated Patch-Clamp Technique: Increased Throughput in Functional Characterization and in Pharmacological Screening of Small-Conductance Ca2+ Release-Activated Ca2+ Channels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:638-47. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057108320274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of an automated patch clamp for the characterization and pharmacological screening of calcium release—activated calcium (CRAC) channels endogenously expressed in RBL-2H3 cells was explored with the QPatch system. CRAC currents (I CRAC) are small, and thus precise recordings require high signal-to-noise ratios obtained by high seal resistances. Automated whole-cell establishment resulted in membrane resistances of 1728 ± 226 MΩ ( n = 44). CRAC channels were activated by a number of methods that raise intracellular calcium concentration, including EGTA, ionomycin, Ins(1,4,5)P3, and thapsigargin. ICRAC whole-cell currents ranged from 30 to 120 pA with rise times of 40 to 150 s. An initial delay in current activation was observed in particular when ICRAC was activated by passive store depletion using EGTA. Apparent rundown of ICRAC was commonly observed, and the current could be reactivated by subsequent addition of thapsigargin. ICRAC was blocked by SKF-96365 and 2-APB with IC50 values of 4.7 ± 1.1 µM ( n = 9) and 7.5 ± 0.7 ( n = 9) µM, respectively. The potencies of these blockers were similar to values reported for ICRAC in similar conventional patch-clamp experiments. The study demonstrates that CRAC channels can be rapidly and efficiently targeted with automated patch-clamp techniques for characterization of physiological and pharmacological properties. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:638-647)
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