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Giuliani C, Pirazzini C, Delledonne M, Xumerle L, Descombes P, Marquis J, Mengozzi G, Monti D, Bellizzi D, Passarino G, Luiselli D, Franceschi C, Garagnani P. Centenarians as extreme phenotypes: An ecological perspective to get insight into the relationship between the genetics of longevity and age-associated diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vaiserman AM, Koliada AK, Marotta F. Gut microbiota: A player in aging and a target for anti-aging intervention. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:36-45. [PMID: 28109835 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-associated alterations in composition, diversity and functional features of intestinal microbiota are well-described in the modern literature. They are suggested to be caused by an age-related decline in immune system functioning (immunosenescence) and a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammaging), which accompany many aging-associated pathologies. The microbiota-targeted dietary and probiotic interventions have been shown to favorably affect the host health and aging by an enhancement of antioxidant activity, improving immune homeostasis, suppression of chronic inflammation, regulation of fat deposition and metabolism and prevention of insulin resistance. Recently, a high effectiveness and safety of novel therapeutic application such as fecal microbiota transplantation in the prevention and treatment of age-related pathological conditions including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease has been demonstrated. In this review, recent research findings are summarized on the role of gut micribiota in aging processes with emphasis on therapeutic potential of microbiome-targeted interventions in anti-aging medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera Research Group for Aging-Intervention & Montenapoleone Clinic, Healthy Aging Unit, Milano, Italy
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53
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Zole E, Zadinane K, Pliss L, Ranka R. Linkage between mitochondrial genome alterations, telomere length and aging population. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:431-438. [PMID: 28340313 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1303490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variations in individuals from Latvian Caucasian population in different age groups. We showed a positive correlation between TL and mtDNA copy number in individuals of up to 90 years of age; however, this correlation was not observed in the 90-100 years age group. While TL shortened with age and mtDNA content decreased with increasing age, in this study it was observed that mtDNA copy number in nonagenarians was slightly higher than in the 60-89 years age group. The presence of heteroplasmy in the mtDNA HVS-I control region did not correlate with TL and mtDNA copy number. TL and mtDNA values also did not differ between mitochondrial haplogroups. In conclusion, while both TL and mtDNA are involved in the aging process and link between these cell components exists, nonagenarians may have differences in senescence-related pathways and systems, which may function as a protective mechanism that allows them to live longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egija Zole
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia.,b Faculty of Biology , University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
| | | | - Liana Pliss
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia.,c Riga Stradins University , Riga , Latvia
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54
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Lin Y, Chen J, Shen B. Interactions Between Genetics, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors for Healthcare. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1005:167-191. [PMID: 28916933 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5717-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of diseases are strongly associated with a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Understanding the interplay between genetic and nongenetic components provides deep insights into disease pathogenesis and promotes personalized strategies for people healthcare. Recently, the paradigm of systems medicine, which integrates biomedical data and knowledge at multidimensional levels, is considered to be an optimal way for disease management and clinical decision-making in the era of precision medicine. In this chapter, epigenetic-mediated genetics-lifestyle-environment interactions within specific diseases and different ethnic groups are systematically discussed, and data sources, computational models, and translational platforms for systems medicine research are sequentially presented. Moreover, feasible suggestions on precision healthcare and healthy longevity are kindly proposed based on the comprehensive review of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, No.1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.1 Kerui road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215011, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, No.1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China. .,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China. .,Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Kulminski AM, Raghavachari N, Arbeev KG, Culminskaya I, Arbeeva L, Wu D, Ukraintseva SV, Christensen K, Yashin AI. Protective role of the apolipoprotein E2 allele in age-related disease traits and survival: evidence from the Long Life Family Study. Biogerontology 2016; 17:893-905. [PMID: 27447179 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a classic example of a gene exhibiting pleiotropism. We examine potential pleiotropic associations of the apoE2 allele in three biodemographic cohorts of long-living individuals, offspring, and spouses from the Long Life Family Study, and intermediate mechanisms, which can link this allele with age-related phenotypes. We focused on age-related macular degeneration, bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, stroke, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diseases of heart (HD), cancer, and survival. Our analysis detected favorable associations of the ε2 allele with lower LDL-C levels, lower risks of HD, and better survival. The ε2 allele was associated with LDL-C in each gender and biodemographic cohort, including long-living individuals, offspring, and spouses, resulting in highly significant association in the entire sample (β = -7.1, p = 6.6 × 10-44). This allele was significantly associated with HD in long-living individuals and offspring (relative risk [RR] = 0.60, p = 3.1 × 10-6) but this association was not mediated by LDL-C. The protective effect on survival was specific for long-living women but it was not explained by LDL-C and HD in the adjusted model (RR = 0.70, p = 2.1 × 10-2). These results show that ε2 allele may favorably influence LDL-C, HD, and survival through three mechanisms. Two of them (HD- and survival-related) are pronounced in the long-living parents and their offspring; the survival-related mechanism is also sensitive to gender. The LDL-C-related mechanism appears to be independent of these factors. Insights into mechanisms linking ε2 allele with age-related phenotypes given biodemographic structure of the population studied may benefit translation of genetic discoveries to health care and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA.
| | - Nalini Raghavachari
- National Institute on Aging, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2292, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Konstantin G Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Svetlana V Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anatoliy I Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
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Gene expression signatures of human cell and tissue longevity. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16014. [PMID: 28721269 PMCID: PMC5514998 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different cell types within the body exhibit substantial variation in the average time they live, ranging from days to the lifetime of the organism. The underlying mechanisms governing the diverse lifespan of different cell types are not well understood. To examine gene expression strategies that support the lifespan of different cell types within the human body, we obtained publicly available RNA-seq data sets and interrogated transcriptomes of 21 somatic cell types and tissues with reported cellular turnover, a bona fide estimate of lifespan, ranging from 2 days (monocytes) to a lifetime (neurons). Exceptionally long-lived neurons presented a gene expression profile of reduced protein metabolism, consistent with neuronal survival and similar to expression patterns induced by longevity interventions such as dietary restriction. Across different cell lineages, we identified a gene expression signature of human cell and tissue turnover. In particular, turnover showed a negative correlation with the energetically costly cell cycle and factors supporting genome stability, concomitant risk factors for aging-associated pathologies. In addition, the expression of p53 was negatively correlated with cellular turnover, suggesting that low p53 activity supports the longevity of post-mitotic cells with inherently low risk of developing cancer. Our results demonstrate the utility of comparative approaches in unveiling gene expression differences among cell lineages with diverse cell turnover within the same organism, providing insights into mechanisms that could regulate cell longevity.
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Santos-Lozano A, Santamarina A, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Fiuza-Luces C, Cristi-Montero C, Bernal-Pino A, Lucia A, Garatachea N. The genetics of exceptional longevity: Insights from centenarians. Maturitas 2016; 90:49-57. [PMID: 27282794 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As the world population ages, so the prevalence increases of individuals aged 100 years or more, known as centenarians. Reaching this age has been described as exceptional longevity (EL) and is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Many genetic variations known to affect life expectancy exist in centenarians. This review of studies conducted on centenarians and supercentenarians (older than 110 years) updates knowledge of the impacts on longevity of the twenty most widely investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; GIDFYS, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
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