51
|
Prata JC, da Costa JP, Lopes I, Andrady AL, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. A One Health perspective of the impacts of microplastics on animal, human and environmental health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146094. [PMID: 33677304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics contamination is widespread in the environment leading to the exposure of both humans and other biota. While most studies overemphasize direct toxicity of microplastics, particle concentrations, characteristics and exposure conditions being used in these assays needs to be taken into consideration. For instance, toxicity assays that use concentrations over 100,000 times higher than those expected in the environment have limited practical relevance. Thus, adverse effects on animal and human health of current environmental concentrations are identified as a knowledge gap. Conversely, this does not suggest the lack of any significant effects of microplastics on a global scale. The One Health approach provides a novel perspective focused on the intersection of different areas, namely animal, human, and environmental health. This review provides a One Health transdisciplinary approach to microplastics, addressing indirect effects beyond simple toxicological effects. Microplastics can, theoretically, change the abiotic properties of matrices (e.g., soil permeability) and interfere with essential ecosystem functions affecting ecosystem services (e.g., biogeochemical processes) that can in turn impact human health. The gathered information suggests that more research is needed to clarify direct and indirect effects of microplastics on One Health under environmentally relevant conditions, presenting detailed knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Prata
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João P da Costa
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Anthony L Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhang X, Xia M, Su X, Yuan P, Li X, Zhou C, Wan Z, Zou W. Photolytic degradation elevated the toxicity of polylactic acid microplastics to developing zebrafish by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125321. [PMID: 33582471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics (BPs), as alternatives to conventional plastics, are increasingly consumed, but pose potential threats to aquatic ecosystems. In addition, the impact of natural aging on the toxicity of BPs is poorly understood. In this study, the photodegradation of polylactic acid (PLA, a typical BP) microplastics (MPs) under ultraviolet irradiation in water for 90 days was investigated, and the toxicities of virgin and degraded PLA to infantile zebrafish were compared. The results revealed that the size of MPs was reduced from ~25.56 to ~11.22 µm after degradation and nanoparticles were generated with a maximum yield of 7.13%. The formation of abundant oxygen-containing groups (i.e. C˭O and C-O-C) improved the hydrophilia and stability of MPs. Compared with pristine PLA, the efflux and detoxification of degraded PLA mediated by ABC transporters and P450 enzymes were slower, leading to higher bioaccumulation and skeletal development inhibition of zebrafish. Further, oxidative stress-triggered mitochondrial structural damage, depolarization, fission inhibition, and apoptosis were identified as crucial mechanisms underlying the elevated toxicity of PLA after degradation. These findings highlight the importance and necessity of considering natural degradation of BPs and related toxicity, which poses great implications for risk assessment and management of BPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Mengli Xia
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zepeng Wan
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kataoka C, Yoshino K, Kashiwada S, Yamamoto M. Do Polystyrene Beads Contribute to Accumulation of Methylmercury in Oysters? ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:36-45. [PMID: 33893852 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To clarify whether microplastics contribute to elevated bioaccumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic organisms, we studied the sorption pattern of MeHg on polystyrene beads (PBs) and evaluated MeHg accumulation, via uptake of MeHg-adsorbed PB, in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. MeHg-cysteine conjugates were added to seawater at 10, 100, and 1000 µg/L as Hg. Polystyrene beads (φ = 0.02, 0.2, and 2 µm) were immersed in the seawater for 24 h. The concentrations of total mercury (T-Hg) adsorbed onto the PBs were then measured using the reduction vaporization method. T-Hg concentrations for the PBs with diameters of 0.02, 0.2, and 2 µm were 10.6 ± 0.4, 1.8 ± 0.1, and 1.3 ± 0.1 ng/mg-PBs, respectively, when immersed in 2 mL of MeHg-added seawater (100 µg/L as Hg). Thus, the adsorption efficiency of MeHg onto PBs was higher in the presence of smaller diameter PBs. Next, 1 mg of PBs immersed in 2 mL of seawater containing 100 µg/L of MeHg for 24 h was added to an oyster tank containing 1 L of seawater. The T-Hg concentration of the oysters was measured after 6 h of exposure. No significant difference was found in the T-Hg concentration of oysters in the presence of PBs (0.30 ± 0.01 to 0.37 ± 0.05 ng/mg as dry weight) with MeHg and in the absence of PBs (0.36 ± 0.03 ng/mg as dry weight). Our results suggest that the presence of PBs in seawater has little effect on MeHg uptake by oysters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kataoka
- National Institute for Minamata Disease as Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan.
- Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan.
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yoshino
- Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wu M, Jiang Y, Kwong RWM, Brar SK, Zhong H, Ji R. How do humans recognize and face challenges of microplastic pollution in marine environments? A bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116959. [PMID: 33780841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are abundant in marine environments, drawing global attention from scientists and rendering it significant to review the research progress and predict future trends of this field. To achieve that, we collected 1898 publications on marine MPs from Web of Science and performed a bibliometric analysis by CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Additionally, we utilized an unrestricted retrieval of literature from ScienceDirect to supplement our major findings. Trends in publication numbers show the growth in study from the initial stage ( 2012 and before), when microplastic (MP) occurrence, abundance, and distribution were primarily investigated. Throughout the ascent stage (between 2013-2016), when diverse sampling and analytical methods were applied to capture and identify MPs from the ocean, baseline data have been gleaned on physiochemical properties of MPs. The research focus then shifted to the bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological effects of MPs on marine biota, further highlighting their potential deleterious impacts on human health via dietary exposure, and this period was defined as the exploration stage (2017 and onwards). Nevertheless, key challenges including the lack of standard procedures for MP sampling, technical limitations in MP detecting and identification, and controversy about the underlying effects on the marine ecosystems and humans have also been arisen in the last decade. The present study elucidates how we gradually recognize MP pollution in marine environments and what challenges we face, suggesting future avenues for MP research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuelu Jiang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Environmental and Life Sciences Program (EnLS), Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Çobanoğlu H, Belivermiş M, Sıkdokur E, Kılıç Ö, Çayır A. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129805. [PMID: 35534956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, we need emerging initial data regarding how plastic exposures affect cellular and molecular components and how such interactions will be crucial for human health. We aimed to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of microplastic (MPs,10-45 μm, polyethylene) on human peripheral lymphocytes by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) assay, which is a comprehensive method to reveal a range of mechanisms, not only diseases but also response to environmental exposures. We measured micronucleation (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge formation (NPB), and nuclear bud formation (NBUD) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We also measured the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) to calculate cytostasis, which indicates cytotoxicity in lymphocytes treated with five different MPs concentrations for 48 h. Even lower concentrations of MPs increased the level of genomic instability. We found that the in vitro MP exposure significantly increased MN, NPB, and NBUD frequencies. Since we investigated the effect of larger particles relative to the lymphocytes, mechanic interaction of MPs with cells, the release of monomer and additives from MPs could be suggested as possible mechanisms accounting for increasing genomic instabilities. We did not observe a decrease in the cell proliferation index, indicating a lack of MPs' cytotoxic potential. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to identify MPs' genotoxic potential in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We suggested further studies to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of smaller plastics and the chronic effect of MP on the human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Çobanoğlu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Sıkdokur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Abidli S, Pinheiro M, Lahbib Y, Neuparth T, Santos MM, Trigui El Menif N. Effects of environmentally relevant levels of polyethylene microplastic on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mollusca: Bivalvia): filtration rate and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26643-26652. [PMID: 33495949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential toxic effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) (40-48 μm) on the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in controlled laboratory conditions. The exposure was carried out for 14 days with three environmentally relevant PE-MPs concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 and a high concentration of 1000 μg/L. Effects of PE-MPs were assessed by evaluating the filtration rate (FR) after 7 and 14 days of exposure and by analyzing biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress (catalase - CAT, glutathione S-transferase - GST, and the levels of lipid peroxidation - LPO) in the M. galloprovincialis digestive gland after 14 days of exposure. Results showed that M. galloprovincialis does not accumulate PE-MPs of 40-48 μm size in its whole tissues. The filtration rate was significantly reduced with the increase of PE-MPs concentrations. The biochemical biomarkers indicated that PE-MPs induced oxidative damage (LPO) at low concentrations (1 and 10 μg/L) with a significant reduction in females of 1000 μg/L treated group and inactivate antioxidative system (CAT and GST) in the digestive gland of both sexes at high concentrations (100 and 1000 μg/L). This study demonstrates that PE-MPs have biological effects on M. galloprovincialis at environmentally relevant concentrations thus brings new insights on the potential impacts of PE-MPs in marine bivalves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abidli
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Marlene Pinheiro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Youssef Lahbib
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Huang W, Song B, Liang J, Niu Q, Zeng G, Shen M, Deng J, Luo Y, Wen X, Zhang Y. Microplastics and associated contaminants in the aquatic environment: A review on their ecotoxicological effects, trophic transfer, and potential impacts to human health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124187. [PMID: 33153780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The microplastic pollution and related ecological impacts in the aquatic environment have attracted global attention over the past decade. Microplastics can be ingested by aquatic organisms from different trophic levels either directly or indirectly, and transferred along aquatic food chains, causing different impacts on life activities of aquatic organisms. In addition, microplastics can adsorb various environmental chemical contaminants and release toxic plastic additives, thereby serving as a sink and source of these associated chemical contaminants and potentially changing their toxicity, bioavailability, and fate. However, knowledge regarding the potential risks of microplastics and associated chemical contaminants (e.g., hydrophobic organic contaminants, heavy metals, plastic additives) on diverse organisms, especially top predators, remains to be explored. Herein, this review describes the effects of microplastics on typical aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, and systematically summarizes the combined effects of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic biota. Furthermore, we highlight the research progress on trophic transfer of microplastics and associated contaminants along aquatic food chain. Finally, potential human health concerns about microplastics via the food chain and dietary exposure are discussed. This work is expected to provide a meaningful perspective for better understanding the potential impacts of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic ecology and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuya Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiaqin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Effects of Acute Ammonia Stress on Antioxidant Responses, Histopathology and Ammonia Detoxification Metabolism in Triangle Sail Mussels (Hyriopsis cumingii). WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the major pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem. Hyriopsis cumingii has great potential for the restoration of eutrophic water. However, there is no study investigating the effect of ammonia exposure in H. cumingii. The median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of unionized ammonium was 12.86 mg/L in H. cumingii. In the study, H. cumingii were exposed to 6.43 mg L−1 unionized ammonium (1/2 96 h LC50) for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. High environment ammonia induced antioxidant response to protect the body from oxidative damage. After exposure to ammonia, there was a same trend of induction followed by inhibition of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) in the hepatopancreas and gills of H. cumingii. However, the antioxidant response could not completely counteract the oxidation effect during the exposure period, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and tissue injury in the hepatopancreas and gills of H. cumingii eventually. Moreover, this study indicated that glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) in the hepatopancreas and gills may play an important role in ammonia detoxification of H. cumingii. Our results will be helpful to understand the mechanism of aquatic toxicology induced by ammonia in shellfish.
Collapse
|
59
|
Karbalaei S, Hanachi P, Rafiee G, Seifori P, Walker TR. Toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) after individual and combined exposure with chlorpyrifos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123980. [PMID: 33265019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) sorption and transfer of chemical contaminants has been widely reported, yet few studies have investigated combined effects of contaminant-loaded MPs on organisms. This study examined effects of pristine or chlorpyrifos (CPF)-loaded polystyrene (PS) fragments on histopathological and histomorphometrical biomarkers in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). In laboratory, O. mykiss were exposed for 96 h to pristine PS-MPs concentrations (30 or 300 µg/L), concentrations of CPF alone (2 or 6 µg/L), and the same concentrations of CPF in the presence of PS-MPs in aquaria. Results showed the highest histopathological alterations in both CPF concentrations and when combined with PS-MPs in fish gills. Alternatively, high histopathological lesions including massive necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and shed of villi tips were observed in fish gut in high CPF concentrations combined with high PS-MP concentrations of (6 μg/L CPF+300 μg/L PS-MPs). Individual CPF and PS-MP concentrations or combined together showed significant changes in histomorphometrical biomarkers in fish gills, gut and skin. Findings highlight that pristine PS-MPs cause toxicity and increase adverse effects of CPF in O. mykiss, especially in gill tissue. We present evidence that pristine short-term exposure to even low concentrations of PS-MPs has a significant impact on biomarker responses in O. mykiss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Karbalaei
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Hanachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Rafiee
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Seifori
- National Reference Laboratory, Veterinary Organization Tehran, Iran
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Khalid N, Aqeel M, Noman A, Hashem M, Mostafa YS, Alhaithloul HAS, Alghanem SM. Linking effects of microplastics to ecological impacts in marine environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128541. [PMID: 33059282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, efforts to determine the ecological impacts of microplastic pollutants have increased because of plastic's accelerated contamination of the environment. The tiny size, variable surface topography, thermal properties, bioavailability and biological toxicity of microplastics all offer opportunities for these pollutants to negatively impact the environment. Additionally, various inorganic and organic chemicals sorbed on these particles may pose a greater threat to organisms than the microplastics themselves. However, there is still a big knowledge gap in the assessment of various toxicological effects of microplastics in the environment. Ecological risk assessment of microplastics has become more challenging with the current data gaps. Thus, a current literature review and identification of the areas where research on ecology of microplastics can be extended is necessary. We have provided an overview of various aspects of microplastics by which they interact negatively or positively with marine organisms. We hypothesize that biogeochemical interactions are critical to fully understand the ecological impacts, movement, and fate of microplastics in oceans. As microplastics are now ubiquitous in marine environments and impossible to remove, we recommend that it's not too late to converge research on plastic alternatives. In addition, strict actions should be taken promptly to prevent plastics from entering the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Yasser S Mostafa
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suliman M Alghanem
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang T, Hu M, Xu G, Shi H, Leung JYS, Wang Y. Microplastic accumulation via trophic transfer: Can a predatory crab counter the adverse effects of microplastics by body defence? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142099. [PMID: 32911152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are considered detrimental to aquatic organisms due to their potential accumulation along food chains. Thus, it is puzzling why some of them appear unaffected by microplastics. Here, we assessed the contribution of water filtration and food consumption to microplastic accumulation in a predatory marine crab (Charybdis japonica) and examined the associated impacts of microplastics (particle size: 5 μm) following ingestion for one week. Results showed that water filtration and food consumption contributed similarly to the accumulation of microplastics, which were distributed among organs in this order: hepatopancreas > guts > gills > muscles. Yet, biomagnification (i.e. accumulation through consumption of microplastic-contaminated mussels) did not occur possibly due to egestion of microplastics. The crabs upregulated detoxification capacity (EROD) and antioxidant defence (GST) in response to the microplastics accumulated in their tissues. However, these defence mechanisms collapsed when the microplastic concentration in hepatopancreas exceeded ~3 mg g-1, leading to severe hepatic injury (elevated AST and ALT) and impaired neural activity (reduced AChE). Our results suggest that marine organisms have an innate capacity to counter the acute effects of microplastics, but there is a limit beyond which the defence mechanisms fail and hence physiological functions are impaired. As microplastic pollution will deteriorate in the future, the fitness and survival of marine organisms may be undermined by microplastics, affecting the stability and functioning of marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangen Xu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Islam N, Garcia da Fonseca T, Vilke J, Gonçalves JM, Pedro P, Keiter S, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO, Bebianno MJ. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) adsorbed to polyethylene microplastics: Accumulation and ecotoxicological effects in the clam Scrobicularia plana. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 164:105249. [PMID: 33477023 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widespread in the marine environment, whereby the uptake of these tiny particles by organisms, can cause adverse biological responses. Plastic debris also act as a vector of many contaminants, herein depending on type, size, shape and chemical properties, possibly intensifying their effects on marine organisms. This study aimed to assess the accumulation and potential toxicity of different sizes of microplastics with and without adsorbed perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in the clam Scrobicularia plana. Clams were exposed to low-density polyethylene microplastics (1 mg L-1) of two different sizes (4-6 and 20-25 μm) virgin and contaminated with PFOS (55.7 ± 5.3 and 46.1 ± 2.9 μg g-1 respectively) over 14 days. Microplastic ingestion, PFOS accumulation and filtration rate were determined along with a multi biomarker approach to assess the biological effects of microplastics ingestion. Biomarkers include oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases), biotransformation enzymes (glutathione-S-transferases activity), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity), oxidative damage and apoptosis. Microplastics ingestion and PFOS accumulation was microplastic size dependent but not PFOS dependent and filtration rate was reduced at the end of the exposure. Reactive oxygen species in gills and digestive gland were generated as a result of exposure to both types of microplastics, confirming the disturbance of the antioxidant system. Larger virgin microparticles lead to stronger impacts, when compared to smaller ones which was also supported by the Integrated Biomarker Responses index calculated for both tissues. An anti-apoptotic response was detected in digestive glands under exposure to any of the MPs treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naimul Islam
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tainá Garcia da Fonseca
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Juliano Vilke
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139, Faro, Portugal; Fishery Engineering Department, Santa Catarina State University, Laguna, 88790-000, Brazil
| | - Joanna M Gonçalves
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Pedro
- Laboratório de Análises Químicas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - M J Bebianno
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139, Faro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yoon DS, Lee Y, Park JC, Lee MC, Lee JS. Alleviation of tributyltin-induced toxicity by diet and microplastics in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123739. [PMID: 33254767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of tributyltin (TBT) upon multiple exposures of diet and microplastic in rotifer, in vivo life parameters were measured. In 10 μg/L TBT-exposed rotifer, the 1 and 0.5 x diet groups resulted in reproduction reduction. However, 10 x diet treatment showed no significant changes in the total fecundity, despite a decrease in daily reproduction. Besides, differences in the lifespan were observed in response to different diet regimens. TBT and/or MP-exposed parental rotifer (F0) showed a significant delay in the pre-reproductive day under 0.5 x diet regimen. In all dietary regimens, exposure to TBT and MP induced an increase in reactive oxygen species, but antioxidant activities were perturbed. To further verify the carryover effect of TBT toxicity, progeny rotifer (F1) obtained from 24 h TBT and/or MP-exposed F0 was used. Interestingly, the faster hatching rate was observed only in F1 obtained from 1 x diet regimen-exposed F0. However, in the 0.5 x diet, the total fecundity was reduced and the pattern of the daily reproduction was collapsed. Thus, the toxicity of TBT can be alleviated by MP and nutrition status, but TBT-induced toxicity and its carryover effect are inevitable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yoseop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Latchere O, Audroin T, Hétier J, Métais I, Châtel A. The need to investigate continuums of plastic particle diversity, brackish environments and trophic transfer to assess the risk of micro and nanoplastics on aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116449. [PMID: 33465650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particles are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater environments. While many studies have focused on the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic environments there is no clear conclusion on their environmental risk, which can be attributed to a lack of standardization of protocols for in situ sampling, laboratory experiments and analyzes. There are also far more studies concerning marine environments than fresh or brackish waters despite their role in the transfer of plastics from continents to oceansWe systematically reviewed the literature for studies: (1) using plastics representative of those found in the environment in laboratory experiments, (2) on the contamination of plastic particles in the continuum between fresh and marine waters, focusing in particular on estuaries and (3) on the continuum of contamination of plastic particles between species through trophic transfer in aquatic environments. We found that the exposure of aquatic organisms in the laboratory to plastic particles collected in the environment are very scarce. Moreover, plastic exposures of estuarine species in the laboratory are generally carried out for a single salinity and a single temperature that do not reflect the fluctuating environmental conditions of estuaries. Finally, the trophic transfer of plastic particles is mainly studied in the laboratory through simple food chains which are not representative of the complexity of the trophic networks observed in the aquatic environment. We pointed out that future studies in the laboratory should include both MPs and NPs sampled in the environment and focus on the precise characterization of the composition and surface of these plastics as well as on their absorbed pollutants, additives or biofilms. Moreover, investigations must be continued concerning the toxicity of plastic particles in brackish water environments such as estuaries and the trophic transfer of plastic particles in complex food chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oïhana Latchere
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France.
| | - Thybaud Audroin
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Jean Hétier
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Métais
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Seoane M, Cid Á, Herrero C, Esperanza M. Comparative acute toxicity of benzophenone derivatives and bisphenol analogues in the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:142-153. [PMID: 33159647 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among UV-filters, benzophenones are one of the most abundantly used and detected groups in the environment. Bisphenols are also one of the most widely used chemicals in plastics, but their demonstrated deleterious effects on several organisms and humans have led to the production of alternative analogues. However, few comparative studies on the ecotoxicological effects of these derivatives or analogues have been carried out. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two benzophenones (BP-3 and BP-4) and two bisphenols (BPA and BPS) in a short-term exposure of the freshwater endobenthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Clams were exposed for 96 h to several concentrations of the four pollutants: BP-3 (0.63; 1.25; 2.5; 5 mg l-1), BP-4 (4.75; 9.5; 19; 38 mg l-1), BPA (3.75; 7.5; 15; 30 mg l-1), and BPS (2.5; 5; 10; 20 mg l-1). The comparative acute toxicity of these pollutants was evaluated by the analysis of the post-exposure filtering capacity of clams, lipid peroxidation (LP) levels and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). After the exposure period, except for BP-4, the chemicals tested seemed to be detected by clams and provoked valve closure, decreasing filter-feeding in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, C. fluminea exposed to the highest concentrations of BP-3, BP-4 and BPA showed a significant increase in LP, CAT and GR activities with respect to their controls. BP-3 and BPA were the most toxic compounds showing significant differences in all the parameters analysed at the highest concentrations assayed. However, clams exposed to BPS showed only significant alterations in filtration parameters and in GR activity, in the two highest concentrations tested, indicating that this compound was the least toxic to clams. Obtained results highlight the importance of investigating the effects that emerging pollutants have on aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Seoane
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cid
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Concepción Herrero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Esperanza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Sui M, Lu Y, Wang Q, Hu L, Huang X, Liu X. Distribution patterns of microplastics in various tissues of the Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) and in the surrounding culture seawater. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111595. [PMID: 32866685 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have adverse effects on marine organisms. However, there are limited data on microplastics distribution patterns in various tissues of marine organisms. Microplastics in seawater and nine types of tissues of the Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) from three coastal aquaculture areas were analysed. The results showed that in seawater, microplastics were mainly fibrous. There were no significant differences in microplastics abundance among the three areas. The concentrations of microplastics in the scallop anus, intestinal tract and kidney were substantially higher than those in the other tissues. Microplastics abundance ranged from 8 to 13 particles per scallop. Microplastics colours were mainly black, transparent and blue, and there were no significant tissue distribution patterns. Microplastics size ranged from 5 μm to 1 mm. The microplastics abundance in the haemolymph was significantly correlated with those of the surrounding seawater. Additional study is necessary to determine the toxic effects of microplastics on marine organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Sui
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanjia Lu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaoshou Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Interaction of Environmental Pollutants with Microplastics: A Critical Review of Sorption Factors, Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicological Effects. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8020040. [PMID: 32498316 PMCID: PMC7355763 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have become one of the leading environmental threats due to their persistence, ubiquity and intrinsic toxic potential. The potential harm that microplastics impose on ecosystems varies from direct effects (i.e., entanglement and ingestion) to their ability to sorb a diversity of environmental pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, persistent organic compounds or pharmaceuticals). Therefore, the toxicological assessment of the combined effects of microplastics and sorbed pollutants can produce in biota is one of the hottest topics on the environmental toxicology field. This review aims to clarify the main impacts that this interaction could have on ecosystems by (1) highlighting the principal factors that influence the microplastics sorption capacities; (2) discussing the potential scenarios in which microplastics may have an essential role on the bioaccumulation and transfer of chemicals; and (3) reviewing the recently published studies describing toxicological effects caused by the combination of microplastics and their sorbed chemicals. Finally, a discussion regarding the need for a new generation of toxicological studies is presented.
Collapse
|