51
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Ran X, Gestwicki JE. Inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs): an analysis of scaffold choices and buried surface area. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 44:75-86. [PMID: 29908451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) were once considered 'undruggable', but clinical successes, driven by advanced methods in drug discovery, have challenged that notion. Here, we review the last three years of literature on PPI inhibitors to understand what is working and why. From the 66 recently reported PPI inhibitors, we found that the average molecular weight was significantly greater than 500Da, but that this trend was driven, in large part, by the contribution of peptide-based compounds. Despite differences in average molecular weight, we found that compounds based on small molecules or peptides were almost equally likely to be potent inhibitors (KD<1μM). Finally, we found PPIs with buried surface area (BSA) less than 2000Å2 were more likely to be inhibited by small molecules, while PPIs with larger BSA values were typically inhibited by peptides. PPIs with BSA values over 4000Å2 seemed to create a particular challenge, especially for orthosteric small molecules. Thus, it seems important to choose the inhibitor scaffold based on the properties of the target interaction. Moreover, this survey suggests a (more nuanced) conclusion to the question of whether PPIs are good drug targets; namely, that some PPIs are readily 'druggable' given the right choice of scaffold, while others still seem to deserve the 'undruggable' moniker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ran
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
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52
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Asteriti IA, Daidone F, Colotti G, Rinaldo S, Lavia P, Guarguaglini G, Paiardini A. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of the Aurora-A/TPX2 complex. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32117-32133. [PMID: 28389630 PMCID: PMC5458272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases are a family of cell division regulators that govern the correct assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle and the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Their overexpression is associated with genomic instability and aneuploidy, and is frequently observed in cancer. Accordingly, competitive inhibitors targeting Aurora kinase activity at the ATP-binding site are being investigated for therapeutic purposes. Despite promising pre-clinical data, these molecules display moderate effects in clinical trials and incomplete selectivity, either against distinct family members, or other kinases. As an alternative approach, protein-protein interaction inhibitors targeting mitotic kinases and their activators can be exploited to achieve increased specificity of action. In this study, a virtual screening of small molecules led to the identification of 25 potential inhibitors of the interaction between Aurora-A and its activator TPX2. In vitro experiments confirmed that 4 hits bind Aurora-A in the low micromolar range and compete for TPX2 binding. Immunofluorescence assays showed that 2 compounds also yield lowered Aurora-A activity and spindle pole defects in cultured osteosarcoma cells. The identified protein-protein interaction inhibitors of the Aurora-A/TPX2 complex might represent lead compounds for further development towards pioneering anti-cancer drugs and provide the proof-of-concept for a new exploitable strategy to target mitotic kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Frederick Daidone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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53
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McIntyre PJ, Collins PM, Vrzal L, Birchall K, Arnold LH, Mpamhanga C, Coombs PJ, Burgess SG, Richards MW, Winter A, Veverka V, Delft FV, Merritt A, Bayliss R. Characterization of Three Druggable Hot-Spots in the Aurora-A/TPX2 Interaction Using Biochemical, Biophysical, and Fragment-Based Approaches. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2906-2914. [PMID: 29045126 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic kinase Aurora-A and its partner protein TPX2 (Targeting Protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2) are overexpressed in cancers, and it has been proposed that they work together as an oncogenic holoenzyme. TPX2 is responsible for activating Aurora-A during mitosis, ensuring proper cell division. Disruption of the interface with TPX2 is therefore a potential target for novel anticancer drugs that exploit the increased sensitivity of cancer cells to mitotic stress. Here, we investigate the interface using coprecipitation assays and isothermal titration calorimetry to quantify the energetic contribution of individual residues of TPX2. Residues Tyr8, Tyr10, Phe16, and Trp34 of TPX2 are shown to be crucial for robust complex formation, suggesting that the interaction could be abrogated through blocking any of the three pockets on Aurora-A that complement these residues. Phosphorylation of Aurora-A on Thr288 is also necessary for high-affinity binding, and here we identify arginine residues that communicate the phosphorylation of Thr288 to the TPX2 binding site. With these findings in mind, we conducted a high-throughput X-ray crystallography-based screen of 1255 fragments against Aurora-A and identified 59 hits. Over three-quarters of these hits bound to the pockets described above, both validating our identification of hotspots and demonstrating the druggability of this protein-protein interaction. Our study exemplifies the potential of high-throughput crystallography facilities such as XChem to aid drug discovery. These results will accelerate the development of chemical inhibitors of the Aurora-A/TPX2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J McIntyre
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester , Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M Collins
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Lukáš Vrzal
- University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Flemingovo nám. 542/2, Prague 6, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Kristian Birchall
- LifeArc (Formerly MRC Technology), Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence H Arnold
- LifeArc (Formerly MRC Technology), Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, United Kingdom
| | - Chido Mpamhanga
- LifeArc (Formerly MRC Technology), Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Coombs
- LifeArc (Formerly MRC Technology), Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, United Kingdom
| | - Selena G Burgess
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Richards
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Winter
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester , Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Václav Veverka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Flemingovo nám. 542/2, Prague 6, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Frank von Delft
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg , Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Andy Merritt
- LifeArc (Formerly MRC Technology), Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Bayliss R, Burgess SG, McIntyre PJ. Switching Aurora-A kinase on and off at an allosteric site. FEBS J 2017; 284:2947-2954. [PMID: 28342286 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are central players in the regulation of cell cycle and signalling pathways. Their catalytic activities are strictly regulated through post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions that control switching between inactive and active states. These states have been studied extensively using protein crystallography, although the dynamic nature of protein kinases makes it difficult to capture all relevant states. Here, we describe two recent structures of Aurora-A kinase that trap its active and inactive states. In both cases, Aurora-A is trapped through interaction with a synthetic protein, either a single-domain antibody that inhibits the kinase or a hydrocarbon-stapled peptide that activates the kinase. These structures show how the distinct synthetic proteins target the same allosteric pocket with opposing effects on activity. These studies pave the way for the development of tools to probe these allosteric mechanisms in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bayliss
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Selena G Burgess
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
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55
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Cole DJ, Janecek M, Stokes JE, Rossmann M, Faver JC, McKenzie GJ, Venkitaraman AR, Hyvönen M, Spring DR, Huggins DJ, Jorgensen WL. Computationally-guided optimization of small-molecule inhibitors of the Aurora A kinase-TPX2 protein-protein interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9372-9375. [PMID: 28787041 PMCID: PMC5591577 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Free energy perturbation theory, in combination with enhanced sampling of protein-ligand binding modes, is evaluated in the context of fragment-based drug design, and used to design two new small-molecule inhibitors of the Aurora A kinase-TPX2 protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Cole
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , USA , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , UK .
| | - Matej Janecek
- MRC Cancer Unit , University of Cambridge , Hills Road , Cambridge CB2 0XZ , UK , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK
| | - Jamie E. Stokes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK
| | - Maxim Rossmann
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , 80 Tennis Court Road , Old Addenbrooke's Site , Cambridge CB2 1GA , UK
| | - John C. Faver
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , USA
| | - Grahame J. McKenzie
- MRC Cancer Unit , University of Cambridge , Hills Road , Cambridge CB2 0XZ , UK
| | | | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , 80 Tennis Court Road , Old Addenbrooke's Site , Cambridge CB2 1GA , UK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK
| | - David J. Huggins
- MRC Cancer Unit , University of Cambridge , Hills Road , Cambridge CB2 0XZ , UK , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK , Theory of Condensed Matter Group , Cavendish Laboratory , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK
| | - William L. Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , USA
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56
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Rossmann M, J Greive S, Moschetti T, Dinan M, Hyvönen M. Development of a multipurpose scaffold for the display of peptide loops. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:419-430. [PMID: 28444399 PMCID: PMC5897841 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) determine a wide range of biological processes and analysis of these dynamic networks is increasingly becoming a mandatory tool for studying protein function. Using the globular ATPase domain of recombinase RadA as a scaffold, we have developed a peptide display system (RAD display), which allows for the presentation of target peptides, protein domains or full-length proteins and their rapid recombinant production in bacteria. The design of the RAD display system includes differently tagged versions of the scaffold, which allows for flexibility in the protein purification method, and chemical coupling for small molecule labeling or surface immobilization. When combined with the significant thermal stability of the RadA protein, these features create a versatile multipurpose scaffold system. Using various orthogonal biophysical techniques, we show that peptides displayed on the scaffold bind to their natural targets in a fashion similar to linear parent peptides. We use the examples of CK2β/CK2α kinase and TPX2/Aurora A kinase protein complexes to demonstrate that the peptide displayed by the RAD scaffold can be used in PPI studies with the same binding efficacy but at lower costs compared with their linear synthetic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Rossmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Sandra J Greive
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tommaso Moschetti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Michael Dinan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK. Correspondence:
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57
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58
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Korobeynikov V, Deneka AY, Golemis EA. Mechanisms for nonmitotic activation of Aurora-A at cilia. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:37-49. [PMID: 28202658 PMCID: PMC5860652 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is oncogenic in many tumors. Many studies of AURKA have focused on activities of this kinase in mitosis, and elucidated the mechanisms by which AURKA activity is induced at the G2/M boundary through interactions with proteins such as TPX2 and NEDD9. These studies have informed the development of small molecule inhibitors of AURKA, of which a number are currently under preclinical and clinical assessment. While the first activities defined for AURKA were its control of centrosomal maturation and organization of the mitotic spindle, an increasing number of studies over the past decade have recognized a separate biological function of AURKA, in controlling disassembly of the primary cilium, a small organelle protruding from the cell surface that serves as a signaling platform. Importantly, these activities require activation of AURKA in early G1, and the mechanisms of activation are much less well defined than those in mitosis. A better understanding of the control of AURKA activity and the role of AURKA at cilia are both important in optimizing the efficacy and interpreting potential downstream consequences of AURKA inhibitors in the clinic. We here provide a current overview of proteins and mechanisms that have been defined as activating AURKA in G1, based on the study of ciliary disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Korobeynikov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A
| | - Alexander Y Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420000, Russian Federation
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A.
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59
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Wang GF, Dong Q, Bai Y, Yuan J, Xu Q, Cao C, Liu X. Oxidative stress induces mitotic arrest by inhibiting Aurora A-involved mitotic spindle formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 103:177-187. [PMID: 28017898 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the oxidative modification of cellular components, including lipids, proteins and DNA, and results in DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying oxidative stress-induced mitotic abnormalities is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoted mitotic arrest. Delayed formation and abnormal function of the mitotic spindle, which directly impeded mitosis and promoted abnormal chromosome separation, was responsible for ROS-induced mitotic arrest. As a key regulator of mitotic spindle assembly, Aurora A kinase was hyperphosphorylated in early mitosis under oxidative stress, which may disturb the function of Aurora A in mitotic spindle formation. Our findings identified a mechanism by which ROS regulate mitotic progression and indicated a potential molecular target for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Avenue, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qincai Dong
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Quanbin Xu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China.
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60
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Yamada K, Zhang JH, Xie X, Reinhardt J, Xie AQ, LaSala D, Kohls D, Yowe D, Burdick D, Yoshisue H, Wakai H, Schmidt I, Gunawan J, Yasoshima K, Yue QK, Kato M, Mogi M, Idamakanti N, Kreder N, Drueckes P, Pandey P, Kawanami T, Huang W, Yagi YI, Deng Z, Park HM. Discovery and Characterization of Allosteric WNK Kinase Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3338-3346. [PMID: 27712055 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are known for their highly conserved adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding site, rendering the discovery of selective inhibitors a major challenge. In theory, allosteric inhibitors can achieve high selectivity by targeting less conserved regions of the kinases, often with an added benefit of retaining efficacy under high physiological ATP concentration. Although often overlooked in favor of ATP-site directed approaches, performing a screen at high ATP concentration or stringent hit triaging with high ATP concentration offers conceptually simple methods of identifying inhibitors that bind outside the ATP pocket. Here, we applied the latter approach to the With-No-Lysine (K) (WNK) kinases to discover lead molecules for a next-generation antihypertensive that requires a stringent safety profile. This strategy yielded several ATP noncompetitive WNK1-4 kinase inhibitors, the optimization of which enabled cocrystallization with WNK1, revealing an allosteric binding mode consistent with the observed exquisite specificity for WNK1-4 kinases. The optimized compound inhibited rubidium uptake by sodium chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in HT29 cells, consistent with the reported physiology of WNK kinases in renal electrolyte handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yamada
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Ji-Hu Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Juergen Reinhardt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma AG, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Amy Qiongshu Xie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Daniel LaSala
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East
Hanover, New Jersey 07936-1080, United States
| | - Darcy Kohls
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - David Yowe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Debra Burdick
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Hajime Yoshisue
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakai
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Isabel Schmidt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma AG, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jason Gunawan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Kayo Yasoshima
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Q. Kimberley Yue
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Mitsunori Kato
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Muneto Mogi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Neeraja Idamakanti
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Natasha Kreder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Peter Drueckes
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma AG, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Pramod Pandey
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Toshio Kawanami
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Waanjeng Huang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Yukiko I. Yagi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Zhan Deng
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
| | - Hyi-Man Park
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4133, United States
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma K.K., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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61
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Rennie YK, McIntyre PJ, Akindele T, Bayliss R, Jamieson AG. A TPX2 Proteomimetic Has Enhanced Affinity for Aurora-A Due to Hydrocarbon Stapling of a Helix. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3383-3390. [PMID: 27775325 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of protein kinases using ATP-competitive compounds is an important strategy in drug discovery. In contrast, the allosteric regulation of kinases through the disruption of protein-protein interactions has not been widely adopted, despite the potential for selective targeting. Aurora-A kinase regulates mitotic entry and mitotic spindle assembly and is a promising target for anticancer therapy. The microtubule-associated protein TPX2 activates Aurora-A through binding to two sites. Aurora-A recognition is mediated by two motifs within the first 43 residues of TPX2, connected by a flexible linker. To characterize the contributions of these three structural elements, we prepared a series of TPX2 proteomimetics and investigated their binding affinity for Aurora-A using isothermal titration calorimetry. A novel stapled TPX2 peptide was developed that has improved binding affinity for Aurora-A and mimics the function of TPX2 in activating Aurora-A's autophosphorylation. We conclude that the helical region of TPX2 folds upon binding Aurora-A, and that stabilization of this helix does not compromise Aurora-A activation. This study demonstrates that the preparation of these proteomimetics using modern synthesis methods is feasible and their biochemical evaluation demonstrates the power of proteomimetics as tool compounds for investigating PPIs involving intrinsically disordered regions of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana K. Rennie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J. McIntyre
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster
Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Tito Akindele
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster
Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Jamieson
- School
of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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