51
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Lee Y, Famouri P. The movement of actin–myosin biomolecular linear motor under AC electric fields: An experimental study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 394:312-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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52
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Li S, Yuan Q, Morshed BI, Ke C, Wu J, Jiang H. Dielectrophoretic responses of DNA and fluorophore in physiological solution by impedimetric characterization. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:649-55. [PMID: 23084757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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53
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Cui H, Li S, Yuan Q, Wadhwa A, Eda S, Chambers M, Ashford R, Jiang H, Wu J. An AC electrokinetic impedance immunosensor for rapid detection of tuberculosis. Analyst 2013; 138:7188-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01112g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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54
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Thermally biased AC electrokinetic pumping effect for Lab-on-a-chip based delivery of biofluids. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 15:125-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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55
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Islam N, Reyna J. Bi-directional flow induced by an AC electroosmotic micropump with DC voltage bias. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1191-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Islam
- Department of Engineering; The University of Texas at Brownsville TX; USA
| | - Jairo Reyna
- Department of Engineering; The University of Texas at Brownsville TX; USA
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56
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Kumar A, Williams SJ, Chuang HS, Green NG, Wereley ST. Hybrid opto-electric manipulation in microfluidics-opportunities and challenges. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2135-48. [PMID: 21603691 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid opto-electric manipulation in microfluidics/nanofluidics refers to a set of methodologies employing optical modulation of electrokinetic schemes to achieve particle or fluid manipulation at the micro- and nano-scale. Over the last decade, a set of methodologies, which differ in their modulation strategy and/or the length scale of operation, have emerged. These techniques offer new opportunities with their dynamic nature, and their ability for parallel operation has created novel applications and devices. Hybrid opto-electric techniques have been utilized to manipulate objects ranging in diversity from millimetre-sized droplets to nano-particles. This review article discusses the underlying principles, applications and future perspectives of various hybrid opto-electric techniques that have emerged over the last decade under a unified umbrella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke Kumar
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA.
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57
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Clow AL, Gaynor PT, Oback BJ. A novel micropit device integrates automated cell positioning by dielectrophoresis and nuclear transfer by electrofusion. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 12:777-86. [PMID: 20499188 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-010-9432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear transfer (NT) cloning involves manual positioning of individual donor-recipient cell couplets for electrofusion. This is time-consuming and introduces operator-dependent variation as a confounding parameter in cloning trials. In order to automate the NT procedure, we developed a micro-fluidic device that integrates automated cell positioning and electrofusion of isolated cell couplets. A simple two layer micro-fluidic device was fabricated. Thin film interdigitated titanium electrodes (300 nm thick, 250 microm wide and 250 microm apart) were deposited on a solid borosilicate glass substrate. They were coated with a film of electrically insulating photosensitive epoxy polymer (SU-8) of either 4 or 22 microm thickness. Circular holes ("micropits") measuring 10, 20, 30, 40 or 80 microm in diameter were fabricated above the electrodes. The device was immersed in hypo-osmolar fusion buffer and manually loaded with somatic donor cells and recipient oocytes. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) was used to attract cells towards the micropit and form couplets on the same side of the insulating film. Fusion pulses between 80 V and 120 V were applied to each couplet and fusion scored under a stereomicroscope. Automated couplet formation between oocytes and somatic cells was achieved using DEP. Bovine oocyte-oocyte, oocyte-follicular cells and oocyte-fibroblast couplets fused with up to 69% (n = 13), 50% (n = 30) and 78% (n = 9) efficiency, respectively. Fusion rates were comparable to parallel plate or film electrodes that are conventionally used for bovine NT. This demonstrates proof-of-principle that a micropit device is capable of both rapid cell positioning and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Clow
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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58
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Sin MLY, Gau V, Liao JC, Wong PK. Electrothermal Fluid Manipulation of High-Conductivity Samples for Laboratory Automation Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:426-432. [PMID: 21180401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrothermal flow is a promising technique in microfluidic manipulation toward laboratory automation applications, such as clinical diagnostics and high throughput drug screening. Despite the potential of electrothermal flow in biomedical applications, relative little is known about electrothermal manipulation of highly conductive samples, such as physiological fluids and buffer solutions. In this study, the characteristics and challenges of electrothermal manipulation of fluid samples with different conductivities were investigated systematically. Electrothermal flow was shown to create fluid motion for samples with a wide range of conductivity when the driving frequency was above 100 kHz. For samples with low conductivities (below 1 S/m), the characteristics of the electrothermal fluid motions were in quantitative agreement with the theory. For samples with high conductivities (above 1 S/m), the fluid motion appeared to deviate from the model as a result of potential electrochemical reactions and other electrothermal effects. These effects should be taken into consideration for electrothermal manipulation of biological samples with high conductivities. This study will provide insights in designing microfluidic devices for electrokinetic manipulation of biological samples toward laboratory automation applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy L Y Sin
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, PO Box 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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59
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Minnikanti S, Reyes DR, Aguilar RC, Pancrazio JJ, Gaitan M, Peixoto N. Microfluidic based contactless dielectrophoretic device: Modeling and analysis. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2010:6506-9. [PMID: 21096954 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5627366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
While there have been many attempts at patterning cells onto substrates, a reliable method for trapping cell clusters and forming cell arrays in a predefined geometry remains to be demonstrated. We intend to develop a multielectrode array platform to initially trap cells via dielectrophoresis (DEP) and to later measure their electrical activity. As a first step toward that objective, here we present an interdigitated microfabricated comb structure. We designed an optimal insulation layer via finite element modeling for maximum dielectrophoretic field strength in solution and minimal cell damage. The microfabricated structure was combined with a microfluidic channel to vertically constrain cell position. With the objective of capturing cells onto the substrate, we here show that there is an optimal thickness of dielectric which limits electrolysis in solution and still allows for sufficient dielectrophoretic force on the cells to pull them onto the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Minnikanti
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. of George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA. sminnika@@gmu.edu
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60
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Lan KC, Jang LS. Integration of single-cell trapping and impedance measurement utilizing microwell electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:2025-31. [PMID: 20970315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to research individual cells has been seen as important in many kinds of biological studies. In the present study, cell impedance analysis is integrated into a single-cell trapping structure. For the purpose of precise positioning, a cell manipulation and measurement microchip, which uses an alternating current electrothermal effect (ACET) and a negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) force to move a particle and cell on measurement electrodes, is developed. An ACET and an nDEP can be easily combined with subsequent analyses based on electric fields. A microwell presented in a previous study is separated into two parts, which are regarded as the measurement electrodes. The original structure is modified for precise positioning. Numerical simulations and analyses are conducted to compute and analyze the effects of the structural parameters. The results of simulations and analyses are used to obtain the optimum structure for the cell. The capture range of the microwell can be designed for cells of various sizes. In order to demonstrate the precision of the positioning, a particle is captured, measured, and released twice. The results show that the impedance error of the particle is about 3%. Finally, the developed structure is applied to trap and measure the impedance of a HeLa cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Chieh Lan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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61
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Yang K, Wu J. Numerical study of in situ preconcentration for rapid and sensitive nanoparticle detection. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:034106. [PMID: 20824068 PMCID: PMC2933249 DOI: 10.1063/1.3467446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a numerical study of a preconcentrator design that can effectively increase the binding rate at the sensor in a real time manner. The particle enrichment is realized by the ac electrothermal (ACET) effect, which induces fluid movement to carry nanoparticles toward the sensor. The ACET is the only electrical method to manipulate a biological sample of medium to high ionic strength (>0.1 Sm, e.g., 0.06x phosphate buffered saline). The preconcentrator consists of a pair of electrodes striding over the sensor, simple to implement as it is electrically controlled. This preconcentrator design is compatible and can be readily integrated with many types of micro- to nanosensors. By applying an ac signal over the electrodes, local vortices will generate a large velocity perpendicular to the reaction surface, which enhances transport of analytes toward the sensor. Our simulation shows that the binding rate at the sensor surface is greatly enhanced. Our study also shows that the collection of analytes will be affected by various parameters such as channel height, inlet velocity, and sensor size, and our results will provide guidance in optimization of the preconcentrator design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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62
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Modeling of drug delivery into tissues with a microneedle array using mixture theory. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2009; 9:77-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-009-0160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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63
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Jang LS, Huang PH, Lan KC. Single-cell trapping utilizing negative dielectrophoretic quadrupole and microwell electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3637-44. [PMID: 19545991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The handling of individual cells, which has attracted increasing attention, is a key technique in cell engineering such as gene introduction, drug injection, and cloning technology. Alternating current (AC) electrokinetics has shown great potential for microfluidic functions such as pumping, mixing, and concentrating particles. The non-uniform electric field gives rise to Joule heating and dielectrophoresis (DEP). The motion of particles suspended in the medium can be influenced directly, by means of dielectrophoretic effects, and indirectly, via fluid flow through a viscous drag force that affects the particles. Thus alternating current electrothermal effect (ACET) induced flow and DEP force can be combined to manipulate and trap single particles and cells. This study presents a microfluidic device which is capable of specifically guiding and capturing single particles and cells by ACET fluid flow and the negative dielectrophoretic (nDEP) trap, respectively. The experiment was operated at high frequencies (5-12 MHz) and in a culture medium whose high conductivity (sigma=1.25S/m) is of interest to biochemical analysis and environmental monitoring, which are both prone to producing ACET and nDEP. Manipulation of particle motion using ACET-induced fluid flow to the target trap is modeled numerically and is in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Sheng Jang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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64
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Ng WY, Goh S, Lam YC, Yang C, Rodríguez I. DC-biased AC-electroosmotic and AC-electrothermal flow mixing in microchannels. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:802-9. [PMID: 19255662 DOI: 10.1039/b813639d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach of mixing two laminar flowing streams in microchannels. The mixer consists of a pair of electrodes disposed along a fluidic channel. By energizing the electrodes with a DC-biased (2.5 V) AC voltage (20 Vpp), an electrokinetic flow is induced with a flow profile perpendicular to that of the incoming laminar streams of liquids to be mixed. As a result, the flow lines of the incoming streams and the induced flow are forced to crossover and very efficient stirring and mixing at short mixing length can be achieved. The mixer can be operated from the AC-electroosmotic (ACEO) (sigma=1 mS/m, f=100 kHz) to the AC-electrothermal (ACET) (sigma=500 mS/m, f=500 kHz) flow regimes. The mixing efficiency in the ACEO regime was 92%, with a mixing length of 600 microm (Q=2 microL/min), an estimated mixing time of 69 ms and an induced ACEO flow velocity of approximately 725 microm/s. The mixing efficiency in the ACET regime was 65% for a mixing length of approximately 1200 microm. The mixer is efficient and suitable for mixing reagents in a fluid media from low to high conductivity as required in diverse microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Yang Ng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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65
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Plecis A, Chen Y. Microfluidic Analogy of the Wheatstone Bridge for Systematic Investigations of Electro-Osmotic Flows. Anal Chem 2008; 80:3736-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800186c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Plecis
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, CNRS, Marcoussis, 91460, France
| | - Yong Chen
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, CNRS, Marcoussis, 91460, France
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66
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Wu J. Interactions of electrical fields with fluids:laboratory-on-a-chip applications. IET Nanobiotechnol 2008; 2:14-27. [PMID: 18298196 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt:20070023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- University of Tennessee, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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