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Wang K, Lin X, Zhang M, Yang M, Shi X, Xie M, Luo Y. ACEK Biosensor for the Minute-Scale Quantification of Breast Cancer ctDNA. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:547. [PMID: 38257640 PMCID: PMC10818266 DOI: 10.3390/s24020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) appears as a valuable liquid biopsy biomarker in the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer. Here, a biosensing method derived from the AC electrokinetics (ACEK) effect was constructed in this study for the simple, efficient, and rapid method of detection of ctDNA. In the proof-of-concept experiment, ctDNA from the PIK3CA E542K mutant in breast cancer was quantified by detecting a normalized capacitance change rate using a forked-finger gold electrode as the sensing electrode in combination with the ACEK effect. We compared two formats for the construction of the approach by employing varied immobilization strategies; one is to immobilize the DNA capture probe on the electrode surface by Au-S bonding, while the other immobilizes the probe on a self-assembled membrane on the electrode surface by amide bonding. Both formats demonstrated ultrafast detection speed by completing the ctDNA quantification within 1 min and a linear range of 10 fM-10 pM was observed. Meanwhile, the immobilization via the self-assembled membrane yielded improved stability, sensitivity, and specificity than its Au-S bonding counterpart. A detection limit of 1.94 fM was eventually achieved using the optimized approach. This research provides a label-free and minute-scale universal method for the detection of various malignant tumors. The ctDNA biosensors based on the ACEK effect improved according to the probe type or electrode structure and have potential applications in tumor drug efficacy prediction, drug resistance monitoring, screening of high-risk groups, differential diagnosis, monitoring of tiny residual lesions, and prognosis determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (K.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.); (X.S.); (M.X.)
| | - Xiaogang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (K.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.); (X.S.); (M.X.)
| | - Maoxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (K.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.); (X.S.); (M.X.)
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (K.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.); (X.S.); (M.X.)
| | - Xiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (K.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.); (X.S.); (M.X.)
| | - Mingna Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (K.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.); (X.S.); (M.X.)
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Cenaiko S, Lijnse T, Dalton C. Multiphase Actuation of AC Electrothermal Micropump. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:758. [PMID: 37420991 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrothermal micropumps apply an AC electric field to a conductive fluid within the range of 10 kHz-1 MHz to generate fluid flow. In this frequency range, coulombic forces dominate fluid interactions over opposing dielectric forces, resulting in high flow rates (~50-100 μm/s). To date, the electrothermal effect-using asymmetrical electrodes-has been tested only with single-phase and 2-phase actuation, while dielectrophoretic micropumps have shown improved flow rates with 3- and 4-phase actuation. Simulating muti-phase signals in COMSOL Multiphysics requires additional modules and a more involved implementation to accurately represent the electrothermal effect in a micropump. Here, we report detailed simulations of the electrothermal effect under multi-phase conditions, including single-phase, 2-phase, 3-phase and 4-phase actuation patterns. These computational models indicate that 2-phase actuation leads to the highest flow rate, with 3-phase resulting in a 5% reduced flow rate and 4-phase resulting in an 11% reduced flow rate compared to 2-phase. With these modifications to the simulation, various actuation patterns can later be tested in COMSOL for a range of electrokinetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stirling Cenaiko
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas Lijnse
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Colin Dalton
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Electrical and Software Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Acharya S, Bhargawa A. Electro-thermal actuated micromixer with VU/VIU/VUVIU/VIUVU patterned microgrooves. Braz J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Lin X, Jiang Y, Wu JJ, Eda S, Wan N. An alternating current electrokinetics biosensor for rapid on-site serological screening of Taenia solium cysticercosis infection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:476. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Varmazyari V, Habibiyan H, Ghafoorifard H, Ebrahimi M, Ghafouri-Fard S. A dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic system having double-sided optimized 3D electrodes for label-free cancer cell separation with preserving cell viability. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12100. [PMID: 35840699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in a patient's blood is essential to accurate prognosis and effective cancer treatment monitoring. The methods used to detect and separate CTCs should have a high recovery rate and ensure cells viability for post-processing operations, such as cell culture and genetic analysis. In this paper, a novel dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based microfluidic system is presented for separating MDA-MB-231 cancer cells from various subtypes of WBCs with the practical cell viability approach. Three configurations for the sidewall electrodes are investigated to evaluate the separation performance. The simulation results based on the finite-element method show that semi-circular electrodes have the best performance with a recovery rate of nearly 95% under the same operational and geometric conditions. In this configuration, the maximum applied electric field (1.11 × 105 V/m) to separate MDA-MB-231 is lower than the threshold value for cell electroporation. Also, the Joule heating study in this configuration shows that the cells are not damaged in the fluid temperature gradient (equal to 1 K). We hope that such a complete and step-by-step design is suitable to achieve DEP-based applicable cell separation biochips.
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Tavari T, Nazari M, Meamardoost S, Tamayol A, Samandari M. A systematic overview of electrode configuration in electric‐driven micropumps. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1476-1520. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Tavari
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran
| | - Mohsen Nazari
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran
| | - Saber Meamardoost
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington Connecticut USA
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Yuan Q, Huang J, Wu JJ, Islam N. Numerical investigation of microchannel geometry for effective on‐chip biofluid delivery by AC electrothermal effect. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2130-2140. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Jiamei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Jie Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas USA
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Kaziz S, Ben Mariem I, Echouchene F, Gazzah MH, Belmabrouk H. Design parameters optimization of an electrothermal flow biosensor for the SARS-CoV-2 S protein immunoassay. Indian J Phys Proc Indian Assoc Cultiv Sci (2004) 2022; 96:4091-4101. [PMID: 35463477 PMCID: PMC9013635 DOI: 10.1007/s12648-022-02360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), great efforts have been made by scientists around the world to improve the performance of detection devices so that they can efficiently and quickly detect the virus responsible for this disease. In this context we performed 2D finite element simulation on the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding reaction of a biosensor using the alternating current electrothermal (ACET) effect. The ACET flow can produce vortex patterns, thereby improving the transportation of the target analyte to the binding surface and thus enhancing the performance of the biosensor. Optimization of some design parameters concerning the microchannel height and the reaction surface, such as its length as well as its position on the top wall of the microchannel, in order to improve the biosensor efficiency, was studied. The results revealed that the detection time can be improved by 55% with an applied voltage of 10 V rms and an operating frequency of 150 kHz and that the decrease in the height of the microchannel and in the length of the binding surface can lead to an increase in the rate of the binding reaction and therefore decrease the biosensor response time. Also, moving the sensitive surface from an optimal position, located in front of the electrodes, decreases the performance of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Kaziz
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Higher National Engineering School of Tunis, Taha Hussein Montfleury Boulevard, University of Tunis, 1008 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim Ben Mariem
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fraj Echouchene
- Laboratory of Electronics and Microelectronics, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hichem Gazzah
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Belmabrouk
- Laboratory of Electronics and Microelectronics, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Physics, College of Science at Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
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Kaziz S, Saad Y, Gazzah MH, Belmabrouk H. 3D simulation of microfluidic biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding kinetics using new reaction surface design. Eur Phys J Plus 2022; 137:241. [PMID: 35194535 PMCID: PMC8854486 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we performed 3D finite element simulations on the binding reaction kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 S protein (target analyte) and its corresponding immobilized antibody (ligand) in a heterogeneous microfluidic immunoassay. Two types of biosensors with two different shapes and geometries of the reaction surface and electrodes were studied. Alternating current electrothermal (ACET) force was applied to improve the binding efficiency of the biomolecular pairs by accelerating the transport of analytes to the binding surface. The ACET force stirs the flow field, thereby reducing the thickness of the diffusion boundary layer, often developed on the reaction surface due to the slow flow velocity, low analyte diffusion coefficient, and surface reaction high rate. The results showed that the detection time of one of the biosensors can be improved by 69% under an applied voltage of 10 Vrms and an operating frequency of 100 kHz. Certain control factors such as the thermal boundary conditions as well as the electrical conductivity of the buffer solution were analyzed in order to find the appropriate values to improve the efficiency of the biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Kaziz
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Higher National Engineering School of Tunis, Taha Hussein Montfleury Boulevard, University of Tunis, 1008 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Saad
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hichem Gazzah
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Belmabrouk
- Laboratory of Electronics and Microelectronics, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Physics, College of Science at Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
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10
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Mirzajani H, Cheng C, Vafaie RH, Wu J, Chen J, Eda S, Aghdam EN, Ghavifekr HB. Optimization of ACEK-enhanced, PCB-based biosensor for highly sensitive and rapid detection of bisphenol a in low resource settings. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113745. [PMID: 34753078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a low-cost and easy-to-use capacitive biosensor employing printed-circuit-board (PCB)-based technique for electrode fabrication and a specific alternative current (AC) signal for AC Electrokinetics (ACEK) effect excitation. Fast, accurate, and highly sensitive detection and quantification of bisphenol A (BPA) was achieved. An easy characterization of the biofunctionalization process is introduced by measuring interfacial capacitance which is simple and superior to most of methods currently in use. The frequency and amplitude of the AC signal used for capacitive interrogation were optimized to achieve maximum interfacial capacitance and maximum sensitivity. To evaluate the performance of the developed biosensor, its operation was compared with in-house microfabricated and commercially available electrodes. The limit-of-detection (LOD) obtained using the PCB-based electrodes was found to be at least one order of magnitude lower than that obtained with the commercial and in-house microfabricated electrodes. The linear range for BPA detection was wide from 1 fM to 10 pM with an LOD of 109.5 aM and sample to result in 20s. The biosensor operation was validated by spike-and-recovery tests of BPA using commercial food samples. Thus, the platform has a potential as an on-site detection of bisphenol A in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mirzajani
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37966, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; Sahand University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Microelectronics Research Lab., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Cheng Cheng
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37966, USA; School of Engineering and Computer Science, Morehead State University, 150 University Blvd., Morehead, KY, 40351, USA
| | | | - Jayne Wu
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37966, USA.
| | - Jiangang Chen
- The University of Tennessee, Department of Public Health, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Shigotoshi Eda
- University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Esmaeil Najafi Aghdam
- Sahand University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Microelectronics Research Lab., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Badri Ghavifekr
- Sahand University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Microelectronics Research Lab., Tabriz, Iran
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Wan N, Jiang Y, Huang J, Oueslati R, Eda S, Wu J, Lin X. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of miRNA Based on AC Electrokinetic Capacitive Sensing for Point-of-Care Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3985. [PMID: 34207808 DOI: 10.3390/s21123985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and efficient method for microRNAs (miRNAs) detection is strongly desired by clinicians and, in recent years, the search for such a method has drawn much attention. There has been significant interest in using miRNA as biomarkers for multiple diseases and conditions in clinical diagnostics. Presently, most miRNA detection methods suffer from drawbacks, e.g., low sensitivity, long assay time, expensive equipment, trained personnel, or unsuitability for point-of-care. New methodologies are needed to overcome these limitations to allow rapid, sensitive, low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable methods for miRNA detection at the point of care. In this work, to overcome these shortcomings, we integrated capacitive sensing and alternating current electrokinetic effects to detect specific miRNA-16b molecules, as a model, with the limit of detection reaching 1.0 femto molar (fM) levels. The specificity of the sensor was verified by testing miRNA-25, which has the same length as miRNA-16b. The sensor we developed demonstrated significant improvements in sensitivity, response time and cost over other miRNA detection methods, and has application potential at point-of-care.
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Liu W, Tao Y, Xue R, Song C, Wu Q, Ren Y. Continuous-Flow Nanoparticle Trapping Driven by Hybrid Electrokinetics in Microfluidics. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:939-949. [PMID: 32705697 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We introduce herein an efficient microfluidic approach for continuous transport and localized collection of nanoparticles via hybrid electrokinetics, which delicately combines linear and nonlinear electrokinetics driven by a composite DC-biased AC voltage signal. The proposed technique utilizes a simple geometrical structure, in which one or a series of metal strips serving as floating electrode (FE) are attached to the substrate surface and arranged in parallel between a pair of coplanar driving electrodes (DE) in a straight microchannel. On application of a DC-biased AC electric field across the channel, nanoparticles can be transported continuously by DC bulk electroosmotic flow, and then trapped selectively onto the metal strips due to AC-field induced-charge electrokinetic (ICEK) phenomenon, which behaves as counter-rotating micro-vortices around the ideally polarizable surfaces of FE. Finite-element simulation is carried out by coupling the dual-frequency electric field, flow field and sample mass transfer in sequence, for guiding a practical design of the microfluidic nanoparticle concentrator. With the optimal device geometry, the actual performance of the technique is investigated with respect to DC bias, AC voltage amplitude, and field frequency by using both latex nanospheres (∼500 nm) and BSA molecules (∼10 nm). Our experimental observation indicates nanoparticles are always enriched into a narrow bright band on the surface of each FE, and a horizontal concentration gradient even emerges in the presence of multiple metal strips, which therefore permits localized analyte enrichment. The proposed trapping method is supposed to guide an elaborate design of flexible electrokinetic frameworks embedding FE for continuous-flow analyte manipulation in modern microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xue
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Song
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-Zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
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Meng J, Huang J, Oueslati R, Jiang Y, Chen J, Li S, Dai S, He Q, Wu J. A single-step DNAzyme sensor for ultra-sensitive and rapid detection of Pb2+ ions. Electrochim Acta 2021; 368:137551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Sun H, Ren Y, Tao Y, Jiang T, Jiang H. Three-Fluid Sequential Micromixing-Assisted Nanoparticle Synthesis Utilizing Alternating Current Electrothermal Flow. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Sun
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
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Liu W, Ren Y, Tao Y, Yan H, Xiao C, Wu Q. Buoyancy-Free Janus Microcylinders as Mobile Microelectrode Arrays for Continuous Microfluidic Biomolecule Collection within a Wide Frequency Range: A Numerical Simulation Study. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:mi11030289. [PMID: 32164333 PMCID: PMC7142959 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We numerically study herein the AC electrokinetic motion of Janus mobile microelectrode (ME) arrays in electrolyte solution in a wide field frequency, which holds great potential for biomedical applications. A fully coupled physical model, which incorporates the fluid-structure interaction under the synergy of induced-charge electroosmotic (ICEO) slipping and interfacial Maxwell stress, is developed for this purpose. A freely suspended Janus cylinder free from buoyancy, whose main body is made of polystyrene, while half of the particle surface is coated with a thin conducting film of negligible thickness, will react actively on application of an AC signal. In the low-frequency limit, induced-charge electrophoretic (ICEP) translation occurs due to symmetric breaking in ICEO slipping, which renders the insulating end to move ahead. At higher field frequencies, a brand-new electrokinetic transport phenomenon called "ego-dielectrophoresis (e-DEP)" arises due to the action of the localized uneven field on the inhomogeneous particle dipole moment. In stark contrast with the low-frequency ICEP translation, the high-frequency e-DEP force tends to drive the asymmetric dipole moment to move in the direction of the conducting end. The bidirectional transport feature of Janus microspheres in a wide AC frequency range can be vividly interpreted as an array of ME for continuous loading of secondary bioparticles from the surrounding liquid medium along its direction-controllable path by long-range electroconvection. These results pave the way for achieving flexible and high-throughput on-chip extraction of nanoscale biological contents for subsequent on-site bioassay based upon AC electrokinetics of Janus ME arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, China; (W.L.); (C.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China;
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0451-8641-8028 (Y.R.)
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0451-8641-8028 (Y.R.)
| | - Congda Xiao
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, China; (W.L.); (C.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, China; (W.L.); (C.X.); (Q.W.)
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16
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Abstract
AbstractAlternating Current Electrothermal (ACET) micropumps are a well-documented flow induction and mixing method. This phenomenon has significant promise as a reliable microfluidic pumping method for high conductivity biofluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, urine, or blood. Practical implementations so far have been limited by complex designs focused on maximized flow rates, typically in only one direction at a time. This paper describes a device geometry demonstrating, and quantifying for the first time, fully reversible flow, that is, going from 100% flow in one direction to fully symmetrical 100% flow in the opposite direction. This design incorporates multiple features targeted at practical fabrication and applications. The design enables fine-tuning of flow speeds via adjustable signal strengths in a unique manner compared to traditional ACET devices. A full numerical simulation of this device has been performed within this work. Additionally, this paper reports several methods for increasing usability of ACET devices, including proposing coatings to prevent electrolysis and increase flow rates without the risk of fluid reactions, manufacturing methods for ease of handling, and specific device parameters for implementation in microdevices. The development of an ACET device that can precisely and efficiently pump and extract fluids allows for new applications in integrated biological systems and monitoring devices.
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17
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Luo H, Lin X, Peng Z, Song M, Jin L. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A Based on Self-Assembly. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 11:E41. [PMID: 31905833 PMCID: PMC7019973 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that may lead to reproductive disorder, heart disease, and diabetes. Infants and young children are likely to be vulnerable to the effects of BPA. At present, the detection methods of BPA are complicated to operate and require expensive instruments. Therefore, it is quite vital to develop a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive method to detect BPA in different samples. In this study, we have designed a rapid and highly sensitive biosensor based on an effective self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and alternating current (AC) electrokinetics capacitive sensing method, which successfully detected BPA at nanomolar levels with only one minute. The developed biosensor demonstrates a detection of BPA ranging from 0.028 μg/mL to 280 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.028 μg/mL in the samples. The developed biosensor exhibited great potential as a portable BPA biosensor, and further development of this biosensor may also be useful in the detection of other small biochemical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaogang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (H.L.); (Z.P.); (M.S.); (L.J.)
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18
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Zhang J, Fang X, Wu J, Hu Z, Jiang Y, Qi H, Zheng L, Xuan X. An interdigitated microelectrode based aptasensor for real-time and ultratrace detection of four organophosphorus pesticides. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111879. [PMID: 31767346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
With increasing industrialization of food production, residues of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are more frequently found in the environment including rivers, lakes and soils. Extended exposure to OPs, even at a level below 1 nM, may lead to liver and central nervous system damages in humans and animals, while existing detection methods are not sensitive enough to detect OPs at trace levels. We presented a simple-to-use aptasensor to rapidly detect broad-spectrum OPs with high sensitivity. DNA aptamer was modified on the surface of a micro interdigitated electrode chip, and AC electrokinetics was employed to accelerate the binding of OP molecules to the aptamer probe. The sensing strategy directly measured the interfacial capacitance whose change rate was adopted as a quantitative indicator of recognition events, with a sample to result detection time of 30 s. This aptasensor had a wide linear range of (fM ~ nM), and the detection limit reached (0.24-1.67) fM for four highly-toxic OPs, with good specificity. It still showed good activity after being stored in non-refrigerated environment for at least 14 days. This aptasensor as well as the detection method offer a promising solution for on-site and real-time sensitive OP detection.
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19
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Rashed MZ, Green NG, Williams SJ. Scaling law analysis of electrohydrodynamics and dielectrophoresis for isomotive dielectrophoresis microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:148-155. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas G. Green
- Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Highfield Campus Southampton United Kingdom
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20
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Salari A, Navi M, Lijnse T, Dalton C. AC Electrothermal Effect in Microfluidics: A Review. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E762. [PMID: 31717932 PMCID: PMC6915365 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrothermal effect has been investigated extensively in microfluidics since the 1990s and has been suggested as a promising technique for fluid manipulations in lab-on-a-chip devices. The purpose of this article is to provide a timely overview of the previous works conducted in the AC electrothermal field to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers new to this field. First, electrokinetic phenomena are briefly introduced to show where the electrothermal effect stands, comparatively, versus other mechanisms. Then, recent advances in the electrothermal field are reviewed from different aspects and categorized to provide a better insight into the current state of the literature. Results and achievements of different studies are compared, and recommendations are made to help researchers weigh their options and decide on proper configuration and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Maryam Navi
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Thomas Lijnse
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Colin Dalton
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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21
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Du K, Song J, Liu W, Tao Y, Ren Y. Multifrequency Induced-Charge Electroosmosis. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E447. [PMID: 31277290 DOI: 10.3390/mi10070447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We present herein a unique concept of multifrequency induced-charge electroosmosis (MICEO) actuated directly on driving electrode arrays, for highly-efficient simultaneous transport and convective mixing of fluidic samples in microscale ducts. MICEO delicately combines transversal AC electroosmotic vortex flow, and axial traveling-wave electroosmotic pump motion under external dual-Fourier-mode AC electric fields. The synthetic flow field associated with MICEO is mathematically analyzed under thin layer limit, and the particle tracing experiment with a special powering technique validates the effectiveness of this physical phenomenon. Meanwhile, the simulation results with a full-scale 3D computation model demonstrate its robust dual-functionality in inducing fully-automated analyte transport and chaotic stirring in a straight fluidic channel embedding double-sided quarter-phase discrete electrode arrays. Our physical demonstration with multifrequency signal control on nonlinear electroosmosis provides invaluable references for innovative designs of multifunctional on-chip analytical platforms in modern microfluidic systems.
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Liu W, Ren Y, Chen F, Song J, Tao Y, Du K, Wu Q. A microscopic physical description of electrothermal‐induced flow for control of ion current transport in microfluidics interfacing nanofluidics. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2683-2698. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM)Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Mechanics Beijing P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jingni Song
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Kai Du
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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23
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Sato N, Yao J, Sugawara M, Takei M. Numerical Study of Particle-Fluid Flow Under AC Electrokinetics in Electrode-Multilayered Microfluidic Device. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:453-463. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2849004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Cheng C, Wu J, Chen J. A highly sensitive aptasensor for on-site detection of lipopolysaccharides in food. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:890-896. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Engineering and Technology Management; Morehead State University; Morehead KY USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
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25
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Salemmilani R, Piorek BD, Mirsafavi RY, Fountain AW, Moskovits M, Meinhart CD. Dielectrophoretic Nanoparticle Aggregation for On-Demand Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7930-7936. [PMID: 29863841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid chemical identification of drugs of abuse in biological fluids such as saliva is of growing interest in healthcare and law enforcement. Accordingly, a label-free detection platform that accepts biological fluid samples is of great practical value. We report a microfluidics-based dielectrophoresis-induced surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) device, which is capable of detecting physiologically relevant concentrations of methamphetamine in saliva in under 2 min. In this device, iodide-modified silver nanoparticles are trapped and released on-demand using electrodes integrated in a microfluidic channel. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reliably distinguish methamphetamine-positive samples from the negative control samples. Passivation of the electrodes and flow channels minimizes microchannel fouling by nanoparticles, which allows the device to be cleared and reused multiple times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Salemmilani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Brian D Piorek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Rustin Y Mirsafavi
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Augustus W Fountain
- Research and Technology Directorate , Edgewood Chemical Biological Center , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010-5424 , United States
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Carl D Meinhart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
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26
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Hossan MR, Dutta D, Islam N, Dutta P. Review: Electric field driven pumping in microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:702-731. [PMID: 29130508 PMCID: PMC5832652 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pumping of fluids with precise control is one of the key components in a microfluidic device. The electric field has been used as one of the most popular and efficient nonmechanical pumping mechanism to transport fluids in microchannels from the very early stage of microfluidic technology development. This review presents fundamental physics and theories of the different microscale phenomena that arise due to the application of an electric field in fluids, which can be applied for pumping of fluids in microdevices. Specific mechanisms considered in this report are electroosmosis, AC electroosmosis, AC electrothermal, induced charge electroosmosis, traveling wave dielectrophoresis, and liquid dielectrophoresis. Each phenomenon is discussed systematically with theoretical rigor and role of relevant key parameters are identified for pumping in microdevices. We specifically discussed the electric field driven body force term for each phenomenon using generalized Maxwell stress tensor as well as simplified effective dipole moment based method. Both experimental and theoretical works by several researchers are highlighted in this article for each electric field driven pumping mechanism. The detailed understanding of these phenomena and relevant key parameters are critical for better utilization, modulation, and selection of appropriate phenomenon for efficient pumping in a specific microfluidic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Hossan
- Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Diganta Dutta
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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27
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Radhakrishnan R, Poltronieri P. Fluorescence-Free Biosensor Methods in Detection of Food Pathogens with a Special Focus on Listeria monocytogenes. Biosensors (Basel) 2017; 7:E63. [PMID: 29261134 PMCID: PMC5746786 DOI: 10.3390/bios7040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Food pathogens contaminate food products that allow their growth on the shelf and also under refrigerated conditions. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to lower the limit of detection (LOD) of the method used and to obtain the results within hours to few days. Biosensor methods exploit the available technologies to individuate and provide an approximate quantification of the bacteria present in a sample. The main bottleneck of these methods depends on the aspecific binding to the surfaces and on a change in sensitivity when bacteria are in a complex food matrix with respect to bacteria in a liquid food sample. In this review, we introduce surface plasmon resonance (SPR), new advancements in SPR techniques, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), as fluorescence-free biosensing technologies for detection of L. monocytogenes in foods. The application of the two methods has facilitated L. monocytogenes detection with LOD of 1 log CFU/mL. Further advancements are envisaged through the combination of biosensor methods with immunoseparation of bacteria from larger volumes, application of lab-on-chip technologies, and EIS sensing methods for multiplex pathogen detection. Validation efforts are being conducted to demonstrate the robustness of detection, reproducibility and variability in multi-site installations.
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28
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Ren Y, Liu X, Liu W, Tao Y, Jia Y, Hou L, Li W, Jiang H. Flexible particle flow-focusing in microchannel driven by droplet-directed induced-charge electroosmosis. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:597-607. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Xianyu Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering; Chang'an University; Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Yankai Jia
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Likai Hou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Wenying Li
- Center for Applied Solid State Chemistry Research; Ningbo University; Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
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29
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Liu W, Ren Y, Tao Y, Chen X, Wu Q. Electrode Cooling Effect on Out-Of-Phase Electrothermal Streaming in Rotating Electric Fields. Micromachines (Basel) 2017; 8:E327. [PMID: 30400517 DOI: 10.3390/mi8110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we focus on investigating electrothermal flow in rotating electric fields (ROT-ETF), with primary attention paid to the horizontal traveling-wave electrothermal (TWET) vortex induced at the center of the electric field. The frequency-dependent flow profiles in the microdevice are analyzed using different heat transfer models. Accordingly, we address in particular the importance of electrode cooling in ROT-ETF as metal electrodes of high thermal conductivity, while substrate material of low heat dissipation capability is employed to develop such microfluidic chips. Under this circumstance, cooling of electrode array due to external natural convection on millimeter-scale electrode pads for external wire connection occurs and makes the internal temperature maxima shift from the electrode plane to a bit of distance right above the cross-shaped interelectrode gaps, giving rise to reversal of flow rotation from a typical repulsion-type to attraction-type induction vortex, which is in good accordance with our experimental observations of co-field TWET streaming at frequencies in the order of reciprocal charge relaxation time of the bulk fluid. These results point out a way to make a correct interpretation of out-of-phase electrothermal streaming behavior, which holds great potential for handing high-conductivity analytes in modern microfluidic systems.
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Liu W, Ren Y, Tao Y, Yao B, Li Y. Simulation analysis of rectifying microfluidic mixing with field-effect-tunable electrothermal induced flow. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:779-793. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering; Chang'an University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Bobin Yao
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering; Chang'an University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - You Li
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering; Chang'an University; Xi'an P. R. China
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31
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Cheng C, Oueslati R, Wu J, Chen J, Eda S. Capacitive DNA sensor for rapid and sensitive detection of whole genome human herpesvirus-1 dsDNA in serum. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1617-1623. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - Rania Oueslati
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - Shigetoshi Eda
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries; The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture; Knoxville TN USA
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32
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Liu X, Cheng C, Wu J, Eda S, Guo Y. A low cost and palm-size analyzer for rapid and sensitive protein detection by AC electrokinetics capacitive sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Kunti G, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Rapid mixing with high-throughput in a semi-active semi-passive micromixer. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1310-1317. [PMID: 28256732 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur West Bengal India
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Tada S, Shen Y, Qiu Z. Modeling and simulation of dielectrophoretic collective dynamics in a suspension of polarizable particles under the action of a gradient AC electric field. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1434-1440. [PMID: 28328070 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When a suspension of polarizable particles is subjected to a gradient AC electric field, the particles exhibit collective motion due to an interaction between the dipole induced in the particles and the spatial gradient of the electric field; this is known as dielectrophoresis. In the present study, the collective dynamics of suspended particles in a parallel-plate electric chamber was investigated by simulating numerically the trajectories of individual particles under the action of combined dielectrophoretic and dipole-dipole interparticle forces. The particles were transported by the dielectrophoretic forces toward the grounded electrodes. Before long, when the particles approached the site of the minimum field strength, attractive/repulsive interparticle forces became dominant and acted among the particles attempting to form a column-like cluster, having the particles distribution in concentric circles in its cross-section, in line with the centerline of the grounded electrodes. Our results also well reproduced the transient particle aggregation that was observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tada
- Department of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York/City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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35
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36
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Lin X, Cheng C, Terry P, Chen J, Cui H, Wu J. Rapid and sensitive detection of bisphenol a from serum matrix. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 91:104-109. [PMID: 28006678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound that may have adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune system effects. Low-level exposure to BPA is ubiquitous in human populations due to its widespread use in consumer products. Therefore, highly sensitive methods are needed to quantify BPA in various matrices including water, serum, and food products. In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, highly sensitive and specific sensor based on an aptamer probe and AC electrokinetics capacitive sensing method that successfully detected BPA at femto molar (fM) levels, which is an improvement over prior work by a factor of 10. We were able to detect BPA spiked in human serum as well as in maternal and cord blood within 30s. The sensor is responsive to BPA down to femto molar levels, but not to structurally similar compounds including bisphenol F (BPF) or bisphenol S (BPS) even at much higher concentration. Further development of this platform may prove useful in monitoring exposure to BPA and other small molecules in various matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Paul Terry
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tennessee Medical Center, USA
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Haochen Cui
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Mirzajani H, Cheng C, Wu J, Chen J, Eda S, Najafi Aghdam E, Badri Ghavifekr H. A highly sensitive and specific capacitive aptasensor for rapid and label-free trace analysis of Bisphenol A (BPA) in canned foods. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 89:1059-1067. [PMID: 27825518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, highly sensitive, specific and low-cost capacitive affinity biosensor is presented here for label-free and single step detection of Bisphenol A (BPA). The sensor design allows rapid prototyping at low-cost using printed circuit board material by benchtop equipment. High sensitivity detection is achieved through the use of a BPA-specific aptamer as probe molecule and large electrodes to enhance AC-electroelectrothermal effect for long-range transport of BPA molecules toward electrode surface. Capacitive sensing technique is used to determine the bounded BPA level by measuring the sample/electrode interfacial capacitance of the sensor. The developed biosensor can detect BPA level in 20s and exhibits a large linear range from 1 fM to 10 pM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 152.93 aM. This biosensor was applied to test BPA in canned food samples and could successfully recover the levels of spiked BPA. This sensor technology is demonstrated to be highly promising and reliable for rapid, sensitive and on-site monitoring of BPA in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mirzajani
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA; Sahand University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Microelectronics Research Lab., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Cheng Cheng
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA
| | - Jayne Wu
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA.
| | - Jiangang Chen
- The University of Tennessee, Department of Public Health, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shigotoshi Eda
- University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Esmaeil Najafi Aghdam
- Sahand University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Microelectronics Research Lab., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Badri Ghavifekr
- Sahand University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Microelectronics Research Lab., Tabriz, Iran
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Cheng C, Wang S, Wu J, Yu Y, Li R, Eda S, Chen J, Feng G, Lawrie B, Hu A. Bisphenol A Sensors on Polyimide Fabricated by Laser Direct Writing for Onsite River Water Monitoring at Attomolar Concentration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:17784-92. [PMID: 27351908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an aptamer-based, highly sensitive and specific sensor for atto- to femtomolar level detection of bisphenol A (BPA). Because of its widespread use in numerous products, BPA enters surface water from effluent discharges during its manufacture, use, and from waste landfill sites throughout the world. On-site measurement of BPA concentrations in water is important for evaluating compliance with water quality standards or environmental risk levels of the harmful compound in the environment. The sensor in this work is porous, conducting, interdigitated electrodes that are formed by laser-induced carbonization of flexible polyimide sheets. BPA-specific aptamer is immobilized on the electrodes as the probe, and its binding with BPA at the electrode surface is detected by capacitive sensing. The binding process is aided by ac electroosmotic effect that accelerates the transport of BPA molecules to the nanoporous graphene-like structured electrodes. The sensor achieved a limit of detection of 58.28 aM with a response time of 20 s. The sensor is further applied for recovery analysis of BPA spiked in surface water. This work provides an affordable platform for highly sensitive, real time, and field-deployable BPA surveillance critical to the evaluation of the ecological impact of BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee , 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Shutong Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee , 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, PRC
| | - Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee , 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Yongchao Yu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee , 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ruozhou Li
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee , 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Shigetoshi Eda
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture , 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee , 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Guoying Feng
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, PRC
| | - Benjamin Lawrie
- Computing Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anming Hu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee , 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology , 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, PRC
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Abstract
AC electrothermal (ET) flow is inevitable for microfluidic systems dissipating electric energy in a conducting medium. Therefore, many practical applications of biomicrofluidics are prone to ET flow. Here, a series of observations are reported on ET flow in a microfluidic chamber that houses three electrode pairs. The observations indicate that the variations in liquid conductivity and channel height critically impact the structure and magnitude of the flow field. Observations indicate that after a critical conductivity a global ET flow is present in the chamber, while at lower conductivities a vortex is present at every electrode edge. In addition, no ET flow is observed when the chamber height is kept below a critical value at physiological conductivity (∼1.5 S/m). The experimental observations are compared with the numerical simulations of ET flow. The validity of the assumptions made in the current AC ET flow theory is also discussed in the light of the experimental data. The observations can be critical while designing microfluidic systems that involve power dissipation in conductive fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Koklu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34437, Turkey
| | - Osman Tansel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34437, Turkey
| | - Hakan Oksuzoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34437, Turkey
| | - Ahmet C Sabuncu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34437, Turkey.
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40
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Yao J, Obara H, Sapkota A, Takei M. Development of three-dimensional integrated microchannel-electrode system to understand the particles' movement with electrokinetics. Biomicrofluidics 2016; 10:024105. [PMID: 27042247 PMCID: PMC4798993 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An optical transparent 3-D Integrated Microchannel-Electrode System (3-DIMES) has been developed to understand the particles' movement with electrokinetics in the microchannel. In this system, 40 multilayered electrodes are embedded at the 2 opposite sides along the 5 square cross-sections of the microchannel by using Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems technology in order to achieve the optical transparency at the other 2 opposite sides. The concept of the 3-DIMES is that the particles are driven by electrokinetic forces which are dielectrophoretic force, thermal buoyancy, electrothermal force, and electroosmotic force in a three-dimensional scope by selecting the excitation multilayered electrodes. As a first step to understand the particles' movement driven by electrokinetic forces in high conductive fluid (phosphate buffer saline (PBS)) with the 3-DIMES, the velocities of particles' movement with one pair of the electrodes are measured three dimensionally by Particle Image Velocimetry technique in PBS; meanwhile, low conductive fluid (deionized water) is used as a reference. Then, the particles' movement driven by the electrokinetic forces is discussed theoretically to estimate dominant forces exerting on the particles. Finally, from the theoretical estimation, the particles' movement mainly results from the dominant forces which are thermal buoyancy and electrothermal force, while the velocity vortex formed at the 2 edges of the electrodes is because of the electroosmotic force. The conclusions suggest that the 3-DIMES with PBS as high conductive fluid helps to understand the three-dimensional advantageous flow structures for cell manipulation in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiba University , Chiba 263-0022, Japan
| | - H Obara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - A Sapkota
- Department of Information and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Kisarazu College, Chiba 292-0041, Japan
| | - M Takei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiba University , Chiba 263-0022, Japan
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41
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Cui H, Wu J, Eda S, Chen J, Chen W, Zheng L. Rapid capacitive detection of femtomolar levels of bisphenol A using an aptamer-modified disposable microelectrode array. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Lei KF, Wang Y, Chen H, Sun J, Cheng J. Electrokinetic acceleration of DNA hybridization in microsystems. Talanta 2015; 138:149-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Kim D, Shim J, Chuang HS, Kim KC. Numerical simulation on the opto-electro-kinetic patterning for rapid concentration of particles in a microchannel. Biomicrofluidics 2015; 9:034102. [PMID: 26015839 PMCID: PMC4433480 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model for laser-induced rapid electro-kinetic patterning (REP) to elucidate the mechanism for concentrating particles in a microchannel non-destructively and non-invasively. COMSOL(®)(v4.2a) multiphysics software was used to examine the effect of a variety of parameters on the focusing performance of the REP. A mathematical model of the REP was developed based on the AC electrothermal flow (ACET) equations, the dielectrophoresis (DEP) equation, the energy balance equation, the Navier-Stokes equation, and the concentration-distribution equation. The medium was assumed to be a diluted solute, and different electric potentials and laser illumination were applied to the desired place. Gold (Au) electrodes were used at the top and bottom of a microchannel. For model validation, the simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The results revealed the formation of a toroidal microvortex via the ACET effect, which was generated due to laser illumination and joule-heating in the area of interest. In addition, under some conditions, such as the frequency of AC, the DEP velocity, and the particle size, the ACET force enhances and compresses resulting in the concentration of particles. The conditions of the DEP velocity and the ACET velocity are presented in detail with a comparison of the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kyung Chun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, South Korea
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44
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Ding H, Liu W, Ding Y, Shao J, Zhang L, Liu P, Liu H. Particle clustering during pearl chain formation in a conductive-island based dielectrophoretic assembly system. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle clustering during pearl chain formation in a conductive-island based dielectrophoretic assembly system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ding
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yucheng Ding
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Peichang Liu
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Hongzhong Liu
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
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45
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Salari A, Navi M, Dalton C. A novel alternating current multiple array electrothermal micropump for lab-on-a-chip applications. Biomicrofluidics 2015; 9:014113. [PMID: 25713695 PMCID: PMC4320149 DOI: 10.1063/1.4907673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The AC electrothermal technique is very promising for biofluid micropumping, due to its ability to pump high conductivity fluids. However, compared to electroosmotic micropumps, a lack of high fluid flow is a disadvantage. In this paper, a novel AC multiple array electrothermal (MAET) micropump, utilizing multiple microelectrode arrays placed on the side-walls of the fluidic channel of the micropump, is introduced. Asymmetric coplanar microelectrodes are placed on all sides of the microfluidic channel, and are actuated in different phases: one, two opposing, two adjacent, three, or all sides at the same time. Micropumps with different combinations of side electrodes and cross sections are numerically investigated in this paper. The effect of the governing parameters with respect to thermal, fluidic, and electrical properties are studied and discussed. To verify the simulations, the AC MAET concept was then fabricated and experimentally tested. The resulted fluid flow achieved by the experiments showed good agreement with the corresponding simulations. The number of side electrode arrays and the actuation patterns were also found to greatly influence the micropump performance. This study shows that the new multiple array electrothermal micropump design can be used in a wide range of applications such as drug delivery and lab-on-a-chip, where high flow rate and high precision micropumping devices for high conductivity fluids are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - M Navi
- Semnan University , Semnan, Iran
| | - C Dalton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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46
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Harrison H, Lu X, Patel S, Thomas C, Todd A, Johnson M, Raval Y, Tzeng TR, Song Y, Wang J, Li D, Xuan X. Electrokinetic preconcentration of particles and cells in microfluidic reservoirs. Analyst 2015; 140:2869-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present an electrokinetic (EK) technique for in-reservoir particle and cell preconcentration via induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO) and dielectrophoresis (DEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Harrison
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Saurin Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Cory Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Andrew Todd
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Yash Raval
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | | | - Yongxin Song
- College of Marine Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
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47
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Abstract
We present a simple and effective ratcheted microfluidic mixer that uses contact charge electrophoresis (CCEP) of a micron-scale particle to rapidly mix nonpolar liquids. CCEP combines contact charging and electrostatic actuation to drive the continuous oscillatory motion of a conductive particle between two electrodes subject to a constant (DC) voltage. We show how this oscillatory motion can be harnessed to mix laminar flows by using dielectric "ramps" to direct the particle along non-reciprocal, orbital trajectories, which repeatedly stretch and fold the flowing streams. Complete mixing requires that the speed of the particle is much larger than the fluid velocity such that the particle completes many orbits as the fluid flows through the mixing region. The extent of mixing also depends strongly on the size of the particle and the shape of its trajectory; effective mixers relied on larger particles (comparable to the size of the channel) moving along non-reciprocal orbits. While the present study uses mineral oil as a convenient nonpolar liquid, we also screened fifteen common solvents to determine the applicability of CCEP for mixing other organic liquids. Owing to its simple design and low power requirements (~100 nW), the orbital mixer presented here demonstrates the utility and versatility of ratcheted electrostatic actuation in powering active microfluidic operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Cartier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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48
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An R, Wipf DO, Minerick AR. Spatially variant red blood cell crenation in alternating current non-uniform fields. Biomicrofluidics 2014; 8:021803. [PMID: 24753734 PMCID: PMC3977840 DOI: 10.1063/1.4867557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alternating-current (AC) electrokinetics involve the movement and behaviors of particles or cells. Many applications, including dielectrophoretic manipulations, are dependent upon charge interactions between the cell or particle and the surrounding medium. Medium concentrations are traditionally treated as spatially uniform in both theoretical models and experiments. Human red blood cells (RBCs) are observed to crenate, or shrink due to changing osmotic pressure, over 10 min experiments in non-uniform AC electric fields. Cell crenation magnitude is examined as functions of frequency from 250 kHz to 1 MHz and potential from 10 Vpp to 17.5 Vpp over a 100 μm perpendicular electrode gap. Experimental results show higher peak to peak potential and lower frequency lead to greater cell volume crenation up to a maximum volume loss of 20%. A series of experiments are conducted to elucidate the physical mechanisms behind the red blood cell crenation. Non-uniform and uniform electrode systems as well as high and low ion concentration experiments are compared and illustrate that AC electroporation, system temperature, rapid temperature changes, medium pH, electrode reactions, and convection do not account for the crenation behaviors observed. AC electroosmotic was found to be negligible at these conditions and AC electrothermal fluid flows were found to reduce RBC crenation behaviors. These cell deformations were attributed to medium hypertonicity induced by ion concentration gradients in the spatially nonuniform AC electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - David O Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Adrienne R Minerick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
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49
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Li S, Cui H, Yuan Q, Wu J, Wadhwa A, Eda S, Jiang H. AC electrokinetics-enhanced capacitive immunosensor for point-of-care serodiagnosis of infectious diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 51:437-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Nejad HR, Chowdhury OZ, Buat MD, Hoorfar M. Characterization of the geometry of negative dielectrophoresis traps for particle immobilization in digital microfluidic platforms. Lab Chip 2013; 13:1823-30. [PMID: 23511544 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the effect of dielectrophoresis on particle manipulation and immobilization in digital microfluidic (DMF) devices. The dimensions of negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) traps in the form of circular and square shapes are characterized using numerical and experimental approaches. These efforts will result in defining lifting and trapping zones, the ratio of which is shown to remain constant for trap sizes larger than 40 μm. As a result, a limiting constant K based on the ratio of the particle diameter to the trap size is introduced to identify the status of particle trapping prior to running numerical models or experiments. The results show that K must be less than 0.63 for trapping the particles on the nDEP traps. This study will also result in optimizing the trap size for single particle immobilization which is important for cell printing and growth applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rezaei Nejad
- University of British Columbia, School of Engineering, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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