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Pharmacological Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activation of RISK and Mitochondrial Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5271251. [PMID: 28053692 PMCID: PMC5178375 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5271251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain- (NOD-) like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been recently detected in the heart, its role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is still controversial. Here, we investigate whether a pharmacological modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome exerted protective effects in an ex vivo model of IR injury. Isolated hearts from male Wistar rats (5-6 months old) underwent ischemia (30 min) followed by reperfusion (20 or 60 min) with and without pretreatment with the recently synthetized NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor INF4E (50 μM, 20 min before ischemia). INF4E exerted protection against myocardial IR, shown by a significant reduction in infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase release and improvement in postischemic left ventricular pressure. The formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex was induced by myocardial IR and attenuated by INF4E in a time-dependent way. Interestingly, the hearts of the INF4E-pretreated animals displayed a marked improvement of the protective RISK pathway and this effect was associated increase in expression of markers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate for the first time that INF4E protected against the IR-induced myocardial injury and dysfunction, by a mechanism that involves inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in the activation of the prosurvival RISK pathway and improvement in mitochondrial function.
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52
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Hausenloy DJ, Barrabes JA, Bøtker HE, Davidson SM, Di Lisa F, Downey J, Engstrom T, Ferdinandy P, Carbrera-Fuentes HA, Heusch G, Ibanez B, Iliodromitis EK, Inserte J, Jennings R, Kalia N, Kharbanda R, Lecour S, Marber M, Miura T, Ovize M, Perez-Pinzon MA, Piper HM, Przyklenk K, Schmidt MR, Redington A, Ruiz-Meana M, Vilahur G, Vinten-Johansen J, Yellon DM, Garcia-Dorado D. Ischaemic conditioning and targeting reperfusion injury: a 30 year voyage of discovery. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:70. [PMID: 27766474 PMCID: PMC5073120 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To commemorate the auspicious occasion of the 30th anniversary of IPC, leading pioneers in the field of cardioprotection gathered in Barcelona in May 2016 to review and discuss the history of IPC, its evolution to IPost and RIC, myocardial reperfusion injury as a therapeutic target, and future targets and strategies for cardioprotection. This article provides an overview of the major topics discussed at this special meeting and underscores the huge importance and impact, the discovery of IPC has made in the field of cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK. .,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jose A Barrabes
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - James Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Thomas Engstrom
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hector A Carbrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West-German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd University Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Javier Inserte
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Neena Kalia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rajesh Kharbanda
- Oxford Heart Centre, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Chris Barnard Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7925, South Africa
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France.,UMR 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hans Michael Piper
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ökologiezentrum, Raum 2-116, Uhlhornsweg 99 b, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Department of Physiology and Emergency Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Rahbek Schmidt
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrew Redington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Heart Institute, Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Hospital Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakob Vinten-Johansen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain.
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53
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Basalay MV, Mastitskaya S, Mrochek A, Ackland GL, Del Arroyo AG, Sanchez J, Sjoquist PO, Pernow J, Gourine AV, Gourine A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mediates cardioprotection by remote ischaemic conditioning. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 112:669-676. [PMID: 27702763 PMCID: PMC5157137 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Although the nature of the humoral factor which mediates cardioprotection established by remote ischaemic conditioning (RIc) remains unknown, parasympathetic (vagal) mechanisms appear to play a critical role. As the production and release of many gut hormones is modulated by the vagus nerve, here we tested the hypothesis that RIc cardioprotection is mediated by the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Methods and results A rat model of myocardial infarction (coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion) was used. Remote ischaemic pre- (RIPre) or perconditioning (RIPer) was induced by 15 min occlusion of femoral arteries applied prior to or during the myocardial ischaemia. The degree of RIPre and RIPer cardioprotection was determined in conditions of cervical or subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, or following blockade of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) using specific antagonist Exendin(9–39). Phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and STAT3 was assessed. RIPre and RIPer reduced infarct size by ∼50%. In conditions of bilateral cervical or subdiaphragmatic vagotomy RIPer failed to establish cardioprotection. GLP-1R blockade abolished cardioprotection induced by either RIPre or RIPer. Exendin(9–39) also prevented RIPre-induced AKT phosphorylation. Cardioprotection induced by GLP-1R agonist Exendin-4 was preserved following cervical vagotomy, but was abolished in conditions of M3 muscarinic receptor blockade. Conclusions These data strongly suggest that GLP-1 functions as a humoral factor of remote ischaemic conditioning cardioprotection. This phenomenon requires intact vagal innervation of the visceral organs and recruitment of GLP-1R-mediated signalling. Cardioprotection induced by GLP-1R activation is mediated by a mechanism involving M3 muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Basalay
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Research Centre Cardiology, Luxemburg Street 110, Minsk 220026, Belarus
| | - Svetlana Mastitskaya
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Gareth L Ackland
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; and
| | - Ana Gutierrez Del Arroyo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; and
| | - Jenifer Sanchez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; and
| | - Per-Ove Sjoquist
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Andrey Gourine
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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54
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Melatonin reduces PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury: role of RISK and SAFE pathways interaction. Apoptosis 2016; 21:809-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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55
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Madathil RJ, Hira RS, Stoeckl M, Sterz F, Elrod JB, Nichol G. Ischemia reperfusion injury as a modifiable therapeutic target for cardioprotection or neuroprotection in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2016; 105:85-91. [PMID: 27131843 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to review cellular changes that occur with reperfusion to try to understand whether ischemia-reperfusion injury (RI) is a potentially modifiable therapeutic target for cardioprotection or neuroprotection in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. DATA SOURCES Articles written in English and published in PubMed. RESULTS Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) involves brief episodes of non-lethal ischemia and reperfusion applied to an organ or limb distal to the heart and brain. Induction of hypothermia involves cooling an ischemic organ or body. Both have pluripotent effects that reduce the potential harm associated with RI in the heart and brain by reduced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Recent trials of RIC and induced hypothermia did not demonstrate these treatments to be effective. Assessment of the effect of these interventions in humans to date may have been modified by use of concurrent medications including propofol. CONCLUSIONS Ongoing research is necessary to assess whether reduction of RI improves patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi S Hira
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Fritz Sterz
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Graham Nichol
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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56
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Feijóo-Bandín S, Rodríguez-Penas D, García-Rúa V, Mosquera-Leal A, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F. Nesfatin-1: a new energy-regulating peptide with pleiotropic functions. Implications at cardiovascular level. Endocrine 2016; 52:11-29. [PMID: 26662184 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a new energy-regulating peptide widely expressed at both central and peripheral tissues with pleiotropic effects. In the last years, the study of nesfatin-1 actions and its possible implication in the development of different diseases has created a great interest among the scientific community. In this review, we will summarize nesfatin-1 main functions, focusing on its cardiovascular implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Penas
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa García-Rúa
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Mosquera-Leal
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
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57
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Liobikas J, Skemiene K, Trumbeckaite S, Borutaite V. Anthocyanins in cardioprotection: A path through mitochondria. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:808-815. [PMID: 27038533 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constantly growing experimental data from in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies show the great potential of anthocyanin-containing fruit and berry extracts or pure individual anthocyanins as cardioprotective food components or pharmacological compounds. In general it is regarded that the cardioprotective activity of anthocyanins is related to their antioxidant properties. However there are recent reports that certain anthocyanins may protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury by activating signal transduction pathways and sustaining mitochondrial functions instead of acting solely as antioxidants. In this review, we summarize the proposed mechanisms of direct or indirect actions of anthocyanins within cardiac cells with the special emphasis on recently discovered their pharmacological effects on mitochondria in cardioprotection: reduction of cytosolic cytochrome c preventing apoptosis and sustainment of electron transfer between NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome c supporting oxidative phosphorylation in ischemia-damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Liobikas
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Skemiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Trumbeckaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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58
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Understanding STAT3 signaling in cardiac ischemia. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:27. [PMID: 27017613 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. It remains one of the greatest challenges to global health and will continue to dominate mortality trends in the future. Acute myocardial infarction results in 7.4 million deaths globally per annum. Current management strategies are centered on restoration of coronary blood flow via percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and administration of anti-platelet agents. Such myocardial reperfusion accounts for 40-50 % of the final infarct size in most cases. Signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been shown to have cardioprotective effects via canonical and non-canonical activation and modulation of mitochondrial and transcriptional responses. A significant body of in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that activation of the STAT3 signal transduction pathway results in a cardio protective response to ischemia and attempts have been made to modulate this with therapeutic effect. Not only is STAT3 important for cardiomyocyte function, but it also modulates the cardiac microenvironment and communicates with cardiac fibroblasts. To this end, we here review the current evidence supporting the manipulation of STAT3 for therapeutic benefit in cardiac ischemia and identify areas for future research.
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59
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60
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Yang B, Fung A, Pac-Soo C, Ma D. Vascular surgery-related organ injury and protective strategies: update and future prospects. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117:ii32-ii43. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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61
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Selective inhibition of PTEN preserves ischaemic post-conditioning cardioprotection in STZ-induced Type 1 diabetic rats: role of the PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:377-92. [PMID: 26666444 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are vulnerable to MI/R (myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion) injury, but are not responsive to IPostC (ischaemic post-conditioning) which activates PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (also known as PKB or protein kinase B) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2)/STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) pathways to confer cardioprotection. We hypothesized that increased cardiac PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), a major negative regulator of PI3K/Akt, is responsible for the loss of diabetic heart sensitivity to IPostC cardioprotecton. In STZ (streptozotocin)-induced Type 1 diabetic rats subjected to MI/R (30 min coronary occlusion and 120 min reperfusion), the post-ischaemic myocardial infarct size, CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB) and 15-F2t-isoprostane release, as well as cardiac PTEN expression were significantly higher than those in non-diabetic controls, concomitant with more severe cardiac dysfunction and lower cardiac Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) phosphorylation. IPostC significantly attenuated post-ischaemic infarct size, decreased PTEN expression and further increased Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β phosphorylation in non-diabetic, but not in diabetic rats. Application of the PTEN inhibitor BpV (bisperoxovanadium) (1.0 mg/kg) restored IPostC cardioprotection in diabetic rats. HPostC (hypoxic post-conditioning) in combination with PTEN gene knockdown, but not HPostC alone, significantly reduced H/R (hypoxia/reoxygenation) injury in cardiac H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose as was evident from reduced apoptotic cell death and JC-1 monomer in cells, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β. PTEN inhibition/gene knockdown mediated restoration of IPostC/HPostC cardioprotection was completely reversed by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, and partially reversed by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. Increased cardiac PTEN, by impairing PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, is a major mechanism that rendered diabetic hearts not responsive to post-conditioning cardioprotection.
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62
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Pasqua T, Tota B, Penna C, Corti A, Cerra MC, Loh Y P, Angelone T. pGlu-serpinin protects the normotensive and hypertensive heart from ischemic injury. J Endocrinol 2015; 227:167-178. [PMID: 26400960 PMCID: PMC4651656 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serpinin peptides derive from proteolytic cleavage of Chromogranin-A at C-terminus. Serpinin and the more potent pyroglutaminated-serpinin (pGlu-Serp) are positive cardiac β-adrenergic-like modulators, acting through β1-AR/AC/cAMP/PKA pathway. Because in some conditions this pathway and/or other pro-survival pathways, activated by other Chromogranin-A fragments, may cross-talk and may be protective, here we explored whether pGlu-Serp cardioprotects against ischemia/reperfusion injury under normotensive and hypertensive conditions. In the latter condition, cardioprotection is often blunted because of the limitations on pro-survival Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinases (RISK) pathway activation. The effects of pGlu-Serp were evaluated on infarct size (IS) and cardiac function by using the isolated and Langendorff perfused heart of normotensive (Wistar Kyoto, WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats exposed to ischemic pre-conditioning (PreC) and post-conditioning (PostC). In both WKY and SHR rat, pGlu-Serp induced mild cardioprotection in both PreC and PostC. pGlu-Serp administered at the reperfusion (Serp-PostC) significantly reduced IS, being more protective in SHR than in WKY. Conversely, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDevP) post-ischemic recovery was greater in WKY than in SHR. pGlu-Serp-PostC reduced contracture in both strains. Co-infusion with specific RISK inhibitors (PI3K/Akt, MitoKATP channels and PKC) blocked the pGlu-Serp-PostC protective effects. To show direct effect on cardiomyocytes, we pre-treated H9c2 cells with pGlu-Serp, which were thus protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation. These results suggest pGlu-Serp as a potential modulatory agent implicated in the protective processes that can limit infarct size and overcome the hypertension-induced failure of PostC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pasqua
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - B Tota
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - C Penna
- Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M C Cerra
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - P Loh Y
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892, USA
| | - T Angelone
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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63
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Benstoem C, Stoppe C, Liakopoulos OJ, Meybohm P, Clayton TC, Yellon DM, Hausenloy DJ, Goetzenich A. Remote ischaemic preconditioning for coronary artery bypass grafting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015. [PMCID: PMC4676907 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011719.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of remote ischaemic preconditioning in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, with or without valve surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Benstoem
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital AachenAachen, Germany
- Contact address: Carina Benstoem, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital AachenAachen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Liakopoulos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Meybohm
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tim C Clayton
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondon, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- Department of Medicine, University College London Hospital and Medical SchoolLondon, UK
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Andreas Goetzenich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital AachenAachen, Germany
- Contact address: Carina Benstoem, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
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64
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Ferdinandy P, Hausenloy DJ, Heusch G, Baxter GF, Schulz R. Interaction of risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications with ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote conditioning. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1142-74. [PMID: 25261534 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-, post-, and remote conditioning of the myocardium are well described adaptive responses that markedly enhance the ability of the heart to withstand a prolonged ischemia/reperfusion insult and provide therapeutic paradigms for cardioprotection. Nevertheless, more than 25 years after the discovery of ischemic preconditioning, we still do not have established cardioprotective drugs on the market. Most experimental studies on cardioprotection are still undertaken in animal models, in which ischemia/reperfusion is imposed in the absence of cardiovascular risk factors. However, ischemic heart disease in humans is a complex disorder caused by, or associated with, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, heart failure, altered coronary circulation, and aging. These risk factors induce fundamental alterations in cellular signaling cascades that affect the development of ischemia/reperfusion injury per se and responses to cardioprotective interventions. Moreover, some of the medications used to treat these risk factors, including statins, nitrates, and antidiabetic drugs, may impact cardioprotection by modifying cellular signaling. The aim of this article is to review the recent evidence that cardiovascular risk factors and their medication may modify the response to cardioprotective interventions. We emphasize the critical need to take into account the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant medications when designing preclinical studies for the identification and validation of cardioprotective drug targets and clinical studies. This will hopefully maximize the success rate of developing rational approaches to effective cardioprotective therapies for the majority of patients with multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gary F Baxter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
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65
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Clinical applications of remote ischaemic preconditioning in native and transplant acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:1749-59. [PMID: 25280959 PMCID: PMC4549377 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a composite of the injury sustained during a period of reduced or absent blood flow to a tissue or organ and the additional insult sustained upon reperfusion that limits the amount of tissue that can be salvaged. IR injury plays a central role in both native and transplant acute kidney injury (AKI). Native AKI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hospital inpatients, and transplant AKI contributes to graft dysfunction, ultimately limiting graft longevity. In this review, we discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of a cost-effective and low-risk intervention, remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC), and its applicability in the prevention and reduction of AKI.
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Boero M, Pagliaro P, Tullio F, Pellegrino RM, Palmieri A, Ferbo L, Saglio G, De Gobbi M, Penna C, Roetto A. A comparative study of myocardial molecular phenotypes of two tfr2β null mice: role in ischemia/reperfusion. Biofactors 2015; 41:360-71. [PMID: 26458496 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2) is an iron-modulator transcribed in two isoforms, Tfr2α and Tfr2β. The latter is expressed in the heart. We obtained two mouse models with silencing of Tfr2β: one with a normal systemic iron amount (SIA), i.e., Tfr2-KI, and the other, i.e., LCKO-KI, with high SIA due to hepatic Tfr2α silencing. We aimed to assess whether Tfr2β might play a role in myocardial injury and whether Tfr2β silencing might modify proteins of iron metabolism, antioxidant, apoptotic, and survival enzyme activities in the heart undergoing ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Isolated hearts of wild-type (WT) and Tfr2-null mice were studied before or after an I/R protocol, and proteins/RNA analyzed by Western blot and/or quantitative PCR. Tfr2β increased in WT hearts subject to I/R, and both Tfr2β null mice hearts were protected against I/R injury (about 40% smaller infarct-size compared to WT hearts). RISK kinases (ERK1/2-AKT-PKCε) were found up-regulated after I/R in Tfr2-KI, whereas SAFE enzyme (Stat3) and GSK3β resulted phosphorylated during I/R in LCKO-KI hearts. While HO-1 and HIF-2a were high in both Tfr2β-null mice, Catalase, and proapoptotic factors were upregulated only in LCKO-KI. Finally, Tfr2-KI hearts presented an increased Ferritin-H and a decreased Ferroportin1, whereas LCKO-KI hearts displayed an upregulation of Ferritin-L chain and DMT1/Hamp-RNA. In conclusion, Tfr2β isoform is involved in cardiac iron metabolism and its silencing leads to a protected phenotype (antioxidants, RISK, and/or SAFE upregulation) against I/R challenging. Iron-dependent signals involved in cardioprotection seem to be positively affected by Tfr2β downregulation and subsequent Ferritins upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Boero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab (Torino), National Institute for Cardiovascular Researches (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab (Torino), National Institute for Cardiovascular Researches (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa M Pellegrino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonietta Palmieri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ferbo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco De Gobbi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab (Torino), National Institute for Cardiovascular Researches (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Roetto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Penna C, Angotti C, Pagliaro P. Protein S-nitrosylation in preconditioning and postconditioning. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 239:647-62. [PMID: 24668550 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214522935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. This disease has a complex pathophysiology that includes multiple mechanisms. Among these is the oxidative/nitrosative stress. Paradoxically, oxidative/nitrosative signaling plays a major role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this context, the gas transmitter nitric oxide may act through several mechanisms, such as guanylyl cyclase activation and via S-nitrosylation of proteins. The latter is a covalent modification of a protein cysteine thiol by a nitric oxide-group that generates an S-nitrosothiol. Here, we report data showing that nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation of proteins play a pivotal role not only in preconditioning but also in postconditioning cardioprotection.
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Aune SE, Herr DJ, Kutz CJ, Menick DR. Histone Deacetylases Exert Class-Specific Roles in Conditioning the Brain and Heart Against Acute Ischemic Injury. Front Neurol 2015; 6:145. [PMID: 26175715 PMCID: PMC4485035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury comprises a significant portion of morbidity and mortality from heart and brain diseases worldwide. This enduring clinical problem has inspired myriad reports in the scientific literature of experimental interventions seeking to elucidate the pathology of IR injury. Elective cardiac surgery presents perhaps the most viable scenario for protecting the heart and brain from IR injury due to the opportunity to condition the organs prior to insult. The physiological parameters for the preconditioning of vital organs prior to insult through mechanical and pharmacological maneuvers have been heavily examined. These investigations have revealed new insights into how preconditioning alters cellular responses to IR injury. However, the promise of preconditioning remains unfulfilled at the clinical level, and research seeking to implicate cell signals essential to this protection continues. Recent discoveries in molecular biology have revealed that gene expression can be controlled through posttranslational modifications, without altering the chemical structure of the genetic code. In this scenario, gene expression is repressed by enzymes that cause chromatin compaction through catalytic removal of acetyl moieties from lysine residues on histones. These enzymes, called histone deacetylases (HDACs), can be inhibited pharmacologically, leading to the de-repression of protective genes. The discovery that HDACs can also alter the function of non-histone proteins through posttranslational deacetylation has expanded the potential impact of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of human disease. HDAC inhibitors have been applied in a very small number of experimental models of IR. However, the scientific literature contains an increasing number of reports demonstrating that HDACs converge on preconditioning signals in the cell. This review will describe the influence of HDACs on major preconditioning signaling pathways in the heart and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sverre E Aune
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Daniel J Herr
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Craig J Kutz
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Donald R Menick
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
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Crisafulli A, Mancardi D, Marongiu E, Rastaldo R, Penna C, Pagliaro P. Preconditioning cardioprotection and exercise performance: a radical point of view. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-015-0225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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70
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Skyschally A, Gent S, Amanakis G, Schulte C, Kleinbongard P, Heusch G. Across-Species Transfer of Protection by Remote Ischemic Preconditioning With Species-Specific Myocardial Signal Transduction by Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase and Survival Activating Factor Enhancement Pathways. Circ Res 2015; 117:279-88. [PMID: 26058828 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.306878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Reduction of myocardial infarct size by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), that is, cycles of ischemia/reperfusion in an organ remote from the heart before sustained myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, was confirmed in all species so far, including humans. OBJECTIVE To identify myocardial signal transduction of cardioprotection by RIPC. METHODS AND RESULTS Anesthetized pigs were subjected to RIPC (4×5/5 minutes hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion) or placebo (PLA) before 60/180 minutes coronary occlusion/reperfusion. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (reperfusion injury salvage kinase [RISK] pathway), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (survival activating factor enhancement [SAFE] pathway) in the area at risk was determined by Western blot. Wortmannin/U0126 or AG490 was used for pharmacological RISK or SAFE blockade, respectively. Plasma sampled after RIPC or PLA, respectively, was transferred to isolated bioassay rat hearts subjected to 30/120 minutes global ischemia/reperfusion. RIPC reduced infarct size in pigs to 16±11% versus 43±11% in PLA (% area at risk; mean±SD; P<0.05). RIPC increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 at early reperfusion, and AG490 abolished the protection, whereas RISK blockade did not. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation was decreased at early reperfusion in both RIPC and PLA. In isolated rat hearts, pig plasma taken after RIPC reduced infarct size (25±5% of ventricular mass versus 38±5% in PLA; P<0.05) and activated both RISK and SAFE. RISK or SAFE blockade abrogated this protection. CONCLUSIONS Cardioprotection by RIPC in pigs causally involves activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 but not of RISK. Protection can be transferred with plasma from pigs to isolated rat hearts where activation of both RISK and SAFE is causally involved. The myocardial signal transduction of RIPC is the same as that of ischemic postconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Skyschally
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Gent
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Georgios Amanakis
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Christiane Schulte
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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71
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Liang Y, Li YP, He F, Liu XQ, Zhang JY. Long-term, regular remote ischemic preconditioning improves endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:568-76. [PMID: 25923462 PMCID: PMC4470317 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPre) can prevent myocardial injury. The purpose of
this study was to assess the beneficial effects of long-term regular RIPre on human
arteries. Forty patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
were assigned randomly to a RIPre group (n=20) or coronary heart disease (CHD) group
(n=20). Twenty patients scheduled for mastectomy were enrolled as a control group.
RIPre was achieved by occluding arterial blood flow 5 min with a mercury
sphygmomanometer followed by a 5-min reperfusion period, and this was repeated 4
times. The RIPre procedure was repeated 3 times a day for 20 days. In all patients,
arterial fragments discarded during surgery were collected to evaluate endothelial
function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), CD34+ monocyte count, and
endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS expression). Phosphorylation levels of STAT-3
and Akt were also assayed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Compared with the CHD
group, long-term regular RIPre significantly improved FMD after 20 days (8.5±2.4
vs 4.9±4.2%, P<0.05) and significantly reduced troponin after
CABG surgery (0.72±0.31 and 1.64±0.19, P<0.05). RIPre activated STAT-3 and
increased CD34+ endothelial progenitor cell counts found in arteries.
Long-term, regular RIPre improved endothelial function in patients with CHD, possibly
due to STAT-3 activation, and this may have led to an increase in endothelial
progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y P Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Q Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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72
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Bulluck H, Hausenloy DJ. Ischaemic conditioning: are we there yet? Heart 2015; 101:1067-77. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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73
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Smith LE, White MY. The role of post-translational modifications in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 8:506-21. [PMID: 24961403 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for both primary diseases of the heart and vasculature and arising as a co-morbidity with numerous pathologies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There has been significant emphasis on the role of the genome in CVD, aiding in the definition of 'at-risk' patients. The extent of disease penetrance however, can be influenced by environmental factors that are not detectable by investigating the genome alone. By targeting the transcriptome in response to CVD, the interplay between genome and environment is more apparent, however this implies the level of protein expression without reference to proteolytic turnover, or potentially more importantly, without defining the role of PTMs in the development of disease. Here, we discuss the role of both brief and irreversible PTMs in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Key proteins involved in calcium regulation have been observed as differentially modified by phosphorylation/O-GlcNAcylation or phosphorylation/redox modifications, with the level of interplay dependent on the physiological or pathophysiological state. The ability to modify crucial sites to produce the desired functional output is modulated by the presence of other PTMs as exemplified in the T2DM heart, where hyperglycemia results in aberrant O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end products. By using the signalling events predicted to be critical to post-conditioning, an intervention with great promise for the cardioprotection of the ischemia/reperfusion injured heart, as an example, we discuss the level of PTMs and their interplay. The inability of post-conditioning to protect the diabetic heart may be regulated by aberrant PTMs influencing those sites necessary for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Smith
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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74
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Kohr MJ. Mitsugumin-53: potential biomarker and therapeutic for myocardial ischemic injury? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 81:46-8. [PMID: 25655937 PMCID: PMC4696490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615N. Wolfe Street, Room E7616, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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75
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Headrick JP, See Hoe LE, Du Toit EF, Peart JN. Opioid receptors and cardioprotection - 'opioidergic conditioning' of the heart. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2026-50. [PMID: 25521834 PMCID: PMC4386979 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major cause of morbidity/mortality globally, firmly established in Westernized or 'developed' countries and rising in prevalence in developing nations. Thus, cardioprotective therapies to limit myocardial damage with associated ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R), during infarction or surgical ischaemia, is a very important, although still elusive, clinical goal. The opioid receptor system, encompassing the δ (vas deferens), κ (ketocyclazocine) and μ (morphine) opioid receptors and their endogenous opioid ligands (endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins), appears as a logical candidate for such exploitation. This regulatory system may orchestrate organism and organ responses to stress, induces mammalian hibernation and associated metabolic protection, triggers powerful adaptive stress resistance in response to ischaemia/hypoxia (preconditioning), and mediates cardiac benefit stemming from physical activity. In addition to direct myocardial actions, central opioid receptor signalling may also enhance the ability of the heart to withstand I-R injury. The δ- and κ-opioid receptors are strongly implicated in cardioprotection across models and species (including anti-infarct and anti-arrhythmic actions), with mixed evidence for μ opioid receptor-dependent protection in animal and human tissues. A small number of clinical trials have provided evidence of cardiac benefit from morphine or remifentanil in cardiopulmonary bypass or coronary angioplasty patients, although further trials of subtype-specific opioid receptor agonists are needed. The precise roles and utility of this GPCR family in healthy and diseased human myocardium, and in mediating central and peripheral survival responses, warrant further investigation, as do the putative negative influences of ageing, IHD co-morbidities, and relevant drugs on opioid receptor signalling and protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Headrick
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute Griffith UniversitySouthport, Qld., Australia
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute Griffith UniversitySouthport, Qld., Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute Griffith UniversitySouthport, Qld., Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute Griffith UniversitySouthport, Qld., Australia
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Wang M, Sun GB, Zhang JY, Luo Y, Yu YL, Xu XD, Meng XB, Zhang MD, Lin WB, Sun XB. Elatoside C protects the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the modulation of oxidative stress and intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 185:167-76. [PMID: 25796004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that Elatoside C reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis during ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). Here, we investigated whether Elatoside C improves heart function in isolated rat hearts subjected to I/R and elucidated the potential mechanisms involved in Elatoside C-induced protection. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated rat hearts were subjected to global ischaemia followed by reperfusion in the absence or presence of Elatoside C. We found that Elatoside C significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction and depressed oxidative stress induced by I/R. Consistently, Elatoside C prevented I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which was evident by the inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and Bax translocation. Moreover, Elatoside C improved abnormal calcium handling during I/R, including increasing sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2) activity, alleviating [Ca(2+)]ER depletion, and reducing the expression levels of ER stress protein markers. All of these protective effects of Elatoside C were partially abolished by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, and JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor AG490. Further assessment in isolated cardiomyocytes showed that Elatoside C maintained the Ca(2+) transients and cell shortening against I/R. CONCLUSIONS Elatoside C protects against cardiac injury during I/R by attenuating oxidative stress and [Ca(2+)]i overload through the activation of both the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway (including PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2) and the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway (including JAK2/STAT3) and, subsequently, inhibiting the opening of mPTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Gui-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ying-Li Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiang-Bao Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Miao-di Zhang
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Lin
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Przyklenk K. Ischaemic conditioning: pitfalls on the path to clinical translation. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1961-73. [PMID: 25560903 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel adjuvant strategies capable of attenuating myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and reducing infarct size remains a major, unmet clinical need. A wealth of preclinical evidence has established that ischaemic 'conditioning' is profoundly cardioprotective, and has positioned the phenomenon (in particular, the paradigms of postconditioning and remote conditioning) as the most promising and potent candidate for clinical translation identified to date. However, despite this preclinical consensus, current phase II trials have been plagued by heterogeneity, and the outcomes of recent meta-analyses have largely failed to confirm significant benefit. As a result, the path to clinical application has been perceived as 'disappointing' and 'frustrating'. The goal of the current review is to discuss the pitfalls that may be stalling the successful clinical translation of ischaemic conditioning, with an emphasis on concerns regarding: (i) appropriate clinical study design and (ii) the choice of the 'right' preclinical models to facilitate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Departments of Physiology and Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Wu L, Tan JL, Wang ZH, Chen YX, Gao L, Liu JL, Shi YH, Endoh M, Yang HT. ROS generated during early reperfusion contribute to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia-afforded cardioprotection against postischemia-induced Ca(2+) overload and contractile dysfunction via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 81:150-61. [PMID: 25731682 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Moderate enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) during early reperfusion trigger the cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, while the mechanism is largely unknown. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) contributes to the cardioprotection but whether it is activated by ROS and how it regulates Ca(2+) homeostasis remain unclear. Here we investigated whether the ROS generated during early reperfusion protect the heart/cardiomyocyte against I/R-induced Ca(2+) overload and contractile dysfunction via the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by using a cardioprotective model of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) preconditioning. IHH improved the postischemic recovery of myocardial contractile performance in isolated rat I/R hearts as well as Ca(2+) homeostasis and cell contraction in simulated I/R cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, IHH enhanced I/R-increased STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 in the nucleus and reversed I/R-suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation at serine 727 in the nucleus and mitochondria during reperfusion. Moreover, IHH improved I/R-suppressed sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity, enhanced I/R-increased Bcl-2 expression, and promoted the co-localization and interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA2 during reperfusion. These effects were abolished by scavenging ROS with N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (2-MPG) and/or by inhibiting JAK2 with AG490 during the early reperfusion. Furthermore, IHH-improved postischemic SERCA2 activity and Ca(2+) homeostasis as well as cell contraction were reversed after Bcl-2 knockdown by short hairpin RNA. In addition, the reversal of the I/R-suppressed mitochondrial membrane potential by IHH was abolished by 2-MPG and AG490. These results indicate that during early reperfusion the ROS/JAK2/STAT3 pathways play a crucial role in (i) the IHH-maintained intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis via the improvement of postischemic SERCA2 activity through the increase of SR Bcl-2 and its interaction with SERCA2; and (ii) the IHH-improved mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Liang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yi-Xiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Hua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Masao Endoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.
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Zhou H, Yang J, Xin T, Zhang T, Hu S, Zhou S, Chen G, Chen Y. Exendin-4 enhances the migration of adipose-derived stem cells to neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte-derived conditioned medium via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt-stromal cell-derived factor-1α/CXC chemokine receptor 4 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4063-72. [PMID: 25625935 PMCID: PMC4394957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are considered a suitable source of cells for the repair of tissue following acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, the transplantation efficiency of ADSCs remains low. Therefore, identification of an efficient method to enhance the migration of engrafted cells to the target site is required. The present study used exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, to optimize the migratory capacity of ADSCs. The aim was to determine the effect and mechanisms of Ex-4 on the migration of ADSCs to neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte-derived conditioned medium (NRVC-CM). The ADSCs and cardiomyocytes were cultured in vitro. Following incubation of the ADSCs with Ex-4, cell proliferation was measured using an MTT assay and the expression levels of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) were investigated by reverse transctiption quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis and flow cytometry. In addition, the expression levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) were evaluated in the NRVC-CM treated with Ex-4 by ELISA, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The migration of the ADSCs to the NRVC-CM was examined using a Transwell assay. Changes in the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p−)Akt were examined in the two types of cell by western blot analysis. The results suggested that Ex-4 promoted the proliferation and expression of CXCR4 in the ADSCs, increased the secretion of SDF-1α in the cardiomyocytes and increased the expression levels of p-Akt in both cells. However, the alterations to the SDF-1α/C XC R4 cascade in the cells were abrogated following pretreatment with LY-294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) inhibitor. Furthermore, a Transwell migration assay revealed marked translocation of the ADSCs through the membranes, towards the NRVC-CM, following treatment with Ex-4. However, these effects were reduced significantly by pretreatment of the cells with the SDF-1α/CXCR4 cascade antagonist, AMD3100, and the PI3K inhibitor, LY-294002. These results indicated that Ex-4 augmented the SDF-1α/CXCR4 cascade by activating the PI3K/Akt pathways in the ADSCs and NRVCs. Furthermore, enhancement of the PI3K/Akt-SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway may be important in the migratory response of ADSCs to NRVC-CM in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberty Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberty Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberty Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Shunyin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberty Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberty Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberty Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberty Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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80
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Pagliaro P, Penna C. Redox signalling and cardioprotection: translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1974-95. [PMID: 25303224 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) remain significant worldwide. The treatment for acute myocardial infarction has improved over the past decades, including early reperfusion of culprit coronary arteries. Although it is mandatory to reperfuse the ischaemic territory as soon as possible, paradoxically this leads to additional myocardial injury, namely ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, in which redox stress plays a pivotal role and for which no effective therapy is currently available. In this review, we report evidence that the redox environment plays a pivotal role not only in I/R injury but also in cardioprotection. In fact, cardioprotective strategies, such as pre- and post-conditioning, result in a robust reduction in infarct size in animals and the role of redox signalling is of paramount importance in these conditioning strategies. Nitrosative signalling and cysteine redox modifications, such as S-nitrosation/S-nitrosylation, are also emerging as very important mechanisms in conditioning cardioprotection. The reasons for the switch from protective oxidative/nitrosative signalling to deleterious oxidative/nitrosative/nitrative stress are not fully understood. The complex regulation of this switch is, at least in part, responsible for the diminished or lack of cardioprotection induced by conditioning protocols observed in ageing animals and with co-morbidities as well as in humans. Therefore, it is important to understand at a mechanistic level the reasons for these differences before proposing a safe and useful transition of ischaemic or pharmacological conditioning. Indeed, more mechanistic novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the heart from I/R injury and to improve clinical outcomes in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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81
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Smit KF, Weber NC, Hollmann MW, Preckel B. Noble gases as cardioprotectants - translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2062-73. [PMID: 25363501 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several noble gases, although classified as inert substances, exert a tissue-protective effect in different experimental models when applied before organ ischaemia as an early or late preconditioning stimulus, after ischaemia as a post-conditioning stimulus or when given in combination before, during and/or after ischaemia. A wide range of organs can be protected by these inert substances, in particular cardiac and neuronal tissue. In this review we summarize the data on noble gas-induced cardioprotection, focusing on the underlying protective mechanisms. We will also look at translatability of experimental data to the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten F Smit
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A), Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ong SB, Dongworth RK, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Hausenloy DJ. Role of the MPTP in conditioning the heart - translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2074-84. [PMID: 25393318 PMCID: PMC4386982 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have long been known to be the gatekeepers of cell fate. This is particularly so in the response to acute ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). Following an acute episode of sustained myocardial ischaemia, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the first few minutes of reperfusion, mediates cell death. Preventing MPTP opening at the onset of reperfusion using either pharmacological inhibitors [such as cyclosporin A (CsA) ] or genetic ablation has been reported to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size in animal models of acute IRI. Interestingly, the endogenous cardioprotective intervention of ischaemic conditioning, in which the heart is protected against MI by applying cycles of brief ischaemia and reperfusion to either the heart itself or a remote organ or tissue, appears to be mediated through the inhibition of MPTP opening at reperfusion. Small proof‐of‐concept clinical studies have demonstrated the translatability of this therapeutic approach to target MPTP opening using CsA in clinical settings of acute myocardial IRI. However, given that CsA is a not a specific MPTP inhibitor, more novel and specific inhibitors of the MPTP need to be discovered – the molecular identification of the MPTP should facilitate this. In this paper, we review the role of the MPTP as a target for cardioprotection, the potential mechanisms underlying MPTP inhibition in the setting of ischaemic conditioning, and the translatability of MPTP inhibition as a therapeutic approach in the clinical setting. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart – Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐8
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Ong
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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83
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Remote ischemic preconditioning for myocardial protection: update on mechanisms and clinical relevance. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 402:41-9. [PMID: 25552250 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women worldwide, accruing 7.4 million deaths in 2012. There has been a continued search for better cardioprotective modalities that would reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Among these attempts, a more convenient model of ischemic preconditioning, known as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) was first introduced in 1993 by Przyklenk and colleagues who reported that brief regional occlusion-reperfusion episodes in one vascular bed of the heart render protection to remote myocardial tissue. Subsequently, major advances in myocardial RIPC came with the use of skeletal muscle as the ischemic stimulus. To date, numerous studies have revealed that RIPC applied to the kidney, liver, mesentery, and skeletal muscle, have all exhibited cardioprotective effects. The main purpose of this review article is to summarize the new advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of RIPC during the past 5 years, including those related to capsaicin-activated C sensory fibers, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, connexin 43, extracellular vesicles, microRNA-144, microRNA-1, and nitrite. In addition, we have discussed results from several recent human clinical trials with RIPC. Taken together, the emerging clinical evidence supports the concept that the effectiveness of RIPC paired with its low-cost and non-invasive features makes it an ideal treatment before reperfusion after sustained ischemia. More carefully designed studies are warranted to fully exploit the clinical benefits of RIPC and its potential implications in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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84
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Wider J, Przyklenk K. Ischemic conditioning: the challenge of protecting the diabetic heart. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2014; 4:383-96. [PMID: 25414825 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2014.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The successful clinical translation of novel therapeutic strategies to attenuate lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and limit infarct size has been identified as a major unmet need, and is of particular importance in patients with type-2 diabetes. There is a wealth of preclinical evidence that ischemic conditioning (encompassing the three paradigms of preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning) is profoundly cardioprotective and, via up-regulation of endogenous signaling cascades, renders the heart resistant to infarction. However, current phase II trials aimed at exploiting ischemic conditioning for the clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury have yielded mixed results, possibly reflecting the emerging concern that the efficacy of conditioning-induced cardioprotection may be compromised in the diabetic heart. Our goal in this review is to provide a summary of our present understanding of the effect of type-2 diabetes on the infarct-sparing effect of ischemic conditioning, and the challenges of limiting ischemia-reperfusion injury in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wider
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Institute, 2 Department of Physiology, 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Institute, 2 Department of Physiology, 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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85
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Ong SB, Samangouei P, Kalkhoran SB, Hausenloy DJ. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 78:23-34. [PMID: 25446182 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. For patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction, the most effective treatment for limiting myocardial infarct (MI) size is timely reperfusion. However, in addition to the injury incurred during acute myocardial ischemia, the process of reperfusion can itself induce myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte death, termed 'myocardial reperfusion injury', the combination of which can be referred to as acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Crucially, there is currently no effective therapy for preventing this form of injury, and novel cardioprotective therapies are therefore required to protect the heart against acute IRI in order to limit MI size and preserve cardiac function. The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the first few minutes of reperfusion is known to be a critical determinant of IRI, contributing up to 50% of the final MI size. Importantly, preventing its opening at this time using MPTP inhibitors, such as cyclosporin-A, has been reported in experimental and clinical studies to reduce MI size and preserve cardiac function. However, more specific and novel MPTP inhibitors are required to translate MPTP inhibition as a cardioprotective strategy into clinical practice. In this article, we review the role of the MPTP as a mediator of acute myocardial IRI and as a therapeutic target for cardioprotection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Mitochondria: From Basic Mitochondrial Biology to Cardiovascular Disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bing Ong
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Parisa Samangouei
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Siavash Beikoghli Kalkhoran
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
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86
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Araszkiewicz A, Grygier M, Pyda M, Rajewska J, Michalak M, Lesiak M, Grajek S. Postconditioning Reduces Enzymatic Infarct Size and Improves Microvascular Reperfusion in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Cardiology 2014; 129:250-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000367965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Acute, delayed and chronic remote ischemic conditioning is associated with downregulation of mTOR and enhanced autophagy signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111291. [PMID: 25347774 PMCID: PMC4210174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), induced by brief periods of limb ischemia has been shown to decrease acute myocardial injury and chronic responses after acute coronary syndromes. While several signaling pathways have been implicated, our understanding of the cardioprotection and its underlying mediators and mechanisms remains incomplete. In this study we examine the effect of RIC on pro-autophagy signaling as a possible mechanism of benefit. Methods and Results We examined the role of autophagy in the acute/first window (15 minutes after RIC), delayed/second window (24 hours after RIC) and chronic (24 hours after 9 days of repeated RIC) phases of cardioprotection. C57BL/6 mice (N = 69) were allocated to each treatment phase and further stratified to receive RIC, induced by four cycles of 5 minutes of limb ischemia followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion, or control treatment consisting solely of handling without transient ischemia. The groups included, group 1 (1W control), group 2 (1W RIC), group 3 (2W control), group 4 (2W RIC), group 5 (3W control) and group 6 (3W RIC). Hearts were isolated for assessment of cardiac function and infarct size after global ischemia using a Langendorff preparation. Infarct size was reduced in all three phases of cardioprotection, in association with improvements in post-ischemic left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and developed pressure (LVDP) (P<0.05). The pattern of autophagy signaling varied; 1W RIC increased AMPK levels and decreased the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), whereas chronic RIC was associated with persistent mTOR suppression and increased levels of autophagosome proteins, LC3II/I and Atg5. Conclusions Cardioprotection following transient ischemia exists in both the acute and delayed/chronic phases of conditioning. RIC induces pro-autophagy signaling but the pattern of responses varies depending on the phase, with the most complete portfolio of responses observed when RIC is administered chronically.
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Cardio-protective signalling by glyceryl trinitrate and cariporide in a model of donor heart preservation. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 24:306-18. [PMID: 25459486 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Storage of donor hearts in cardioplegic solutions supplemented with agents that mimic the ischaemic preconditioning response enhanced their post-reperfusion function. The present study examines the minimisation of cell death and activation of pro-survival signalling directed towards maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in hearts arrested and stored in two such agents, glyceryl-trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor and cariporide, (a sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitor). METHODS After baseline functional measurement, isolated working rat hearts were arrested and stored for 6h at 4°C in either Celsior(®), Celsior(®) containing 0.1mg/ml glyceryl-trinitrate, 10μM cariporide or both agents. After reperfusion, function was remeasured. Hearts were then processed for immunoblotting or histology. RESULTS Necrotic and apoptotic markers present in the Celsior(®) group post-reperfusion were abolished by glyceryl-trinitrate, cariporide or both. Increased phosphorylation of ERK and Bcl2, after reperfusion in groups stored in glyceryl-trinitrate, cariporide or both along with increased phospho-STAT3 levels in the glyceryl-trinitrate/cariporide group correlated with functional recovery. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation blocked recovery. No phospho-Akt increase was seen in any treatment. CONCLUSIONS Activation of signalling pathways that favour mitophagy activation (ERK and Bcl2 phosphorylation) and maintenance of mitochondrial transition pore closure after reperfusion (STAT3 and ERK phosphorylation) were crucial for functional recovery of the donor heart.
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RISK and SAFE signaling pathway involvement in apolipoprotein A-I-induced cardioprotection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107950. [PMID: 25237809 PMCID: PMC4169577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) may be a protective humoral mediator involved in remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). This study sought to determine if ApoA-I mediates its protective effects via the RISK and SAFE signaling pathways implicated in RIPC. Wistar rats were allocated to one of the following groups. Control: rats were subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) without any further intervention; RIPC: four cycles of limb I/R were applied prior to myocardial ischemia; ApoA-I: 10 mg/Kg of ApoA-I were intravenously injected prior to myocardial ischemia; ApoA-I + inhibitor: pharmacological inhibitors of RISK/SAFE pro-survival kinase (Akt, ERK1/2 and STAT-3) were administered prior to ApoA-I injection. Infarct size was significantly reduced in the RIPC group compared to Control. Similarly, ApoA-I injection efficiently protected the heart, recapitulating RIPC-induced cardioprotection. The ApoA-I protective effect was associated with Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation and substantially inhibited by pretreatment with Akt and ERK1/2 inhibitors. Pretreatment with ApoA-I in a rat model of I/R recapitulates RIPC-induced cardioprotection and shares some similar molecular mechanisms with those of RIPC-involved protection of the heart.
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90
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Morciano G, Giorgi C, Bonora M, Punzetti S, Pavasini R, Wieckowski MR, Campo G, Pinton P. Molecular identity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 78:142-53. [PMID: 25172387 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition is a key event in cell death. Intense research efforts have been focused on elucidating the molecular components of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) to improve the understanding and treatment of various pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and cardiac diseases. Several molecular factors have been proposed as core components of the mPTP; however, further investigation has indicated that these factors are among a wide range of regulators. Thus, the scientific community lacks a clear model of the mPTP. Here, we review the molecular factors involved in the regulation and formation of the mPTP. Furthermore, we propose that the mitochondrial ATP synthase, specifically its c subunit, is the central core component of the mPTP complex. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of the mPTP in ischemia and reperfusion as well as the results of clinical studies targeting the mPTP to ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Mitochondria: From Basic Mitochondrial Biology to Cardiovascular Disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Punzetti
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna and LTTA Center, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Pavasini
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna and LTTA Center, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna and LTTA Center, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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91
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Tota B, Angelone T, Cerra MC. The surging role of Chromogranin A in cardiovascular homeostasis. Front Chem 2014; 2:64. [PMID: 25177680 PMCID: PMC4132265 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Together with Chromogranin B and Secretogranins, Chromogranin A (CGA) is stored in secretory (chromaffin) granules of the diffuse neuroendocrine system and released with noradrenalin and adrenalin. Co-stored within the granule together with neuropeptideY, cardiac natriuretic peptide hormones, several prohormones and their proteolytic enzymes, CGA is a multifunctional protein and a major marker of the sympatho-adrenal neuroendocrine activity. Due to its partial processing to several biologically active peptides, CGA appears an important pro-hormone implicated in relevant modulatory actions on endocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems through both direct and indirect sympatho-adrenergic interactions. As a part of this scenario, we here illustrate the emerging role exerted by the full-length CGA and its three derived fragments, i.e., Vasostatin 1, catestatin and serpinin, in the control of circulatory homeostasis with particular emphasis on their cardio-vascular actions under both physiological and physio-pathological conditions. The Vasostatin 1- and catestatin-induced cardiodepressive influences are achieved through anti-beta-adrenergic-NO-cGMP signaling, while serpinin acts like beta1-adrenergic agonist through AD-cAMP-independent NO signaling. On the whole, these actions contribute to widen our knowledge regarding the sympatho-chromaffin control of the cardiovascular system and its highly integrated “whip-brake” networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tota
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria C Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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92
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Frias MA, Lecour S, James RW, Pedretti S. High density lipoprotein/sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced cardioprotection: Role of STAT3 as part of the SAFE pathway. JAKSTAT 2014; 1:92-100. [PMID: 24058758 PMCID: PMC3670301 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.19754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has beneficial effects beyond its atheroprotective function in reverse cholesterol transport, including cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injuries. Two major constituents of HDL, namely the structural protein apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) and the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) appear to contribute to this cardioprotective effect via the activation of intrinsic prosurvival signaling pathways that still remain to be clarified.
Recently, a powerful prosurvival signaling pathway, termed the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway, which involves the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), has been shown to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
The present review summarizes the evidence for the roles of HDL and S1P in cardioprotection and discusses the signaling pathways that have been implicated. It thus provides support for our contention that S1P should be considered in potential formulations of reconstituted HDL (reHDL) that may be tested for cardioprotection against coronary artery disease via the activation of the SAFE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Frias
- Department of Internal Medicine; Clinical Diabetes Unit; Medical Faculty; University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland
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93
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Sun L, Chen C, Jiang B, Li Y, Deng Q, Sun M, An X, Yang X, Yang Y, Zhang R, Lu Y, Zhu DS, Huo Y, Feng GS, Zhang Y, Luo J. Grb2-associated binder 1 is essential for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:420. [PMID: 24951957 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have shown recently that endothelial Grb-2-associated binder 1 (Gab1), an intracellular scaffolding adaptor, has a protective effect against limb ischemia via mediating angiogenic signaling pathways. However, the role of Gab1 in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. In this study, we show that Gab1 is required for cardioprotection against I/R injury. I/R injury led to remarkable phosphorylation of Gab1 in cardiomyocytes. Compared with controls, the mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Gab1 gene (CGKO mice) exhibited an increase in infarct size and a decrease in cardiac function after I/R injury. Consistently, in hearts of CGKO mice subjected to I/R, the activation of caspase 3 and myocardial apoptosis was markedly enhanced whereas the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are critical for cardiomyocyte survival, was attenuated. Oxidative stress is regarded as a major contributor to myocardial I/R injury. To examine the role of Gab1 in oxidative stress directly, isolated adult cardiomyocytes were subject to oxidant hydrogen peroxide and the cardioprotective effects of Gab1 were confirmed. Furthermore, we found that the phosphorylation of Gab1 and Gab1-mediated activation of Akt and MAPK by oxidative stress was suppressed by ErbB receptor and Src kinase inhibitors, accompanied by an increase in apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, our results suggest that Gab1 is essential for cardioprotection against I/R oxidative injury via mediating survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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94
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Overexpression of the muscle-specific protein, melusin, protects from cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:418. [PMID: 24859929 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Melusin is a muscle-specific protein which interacts with β1 integrin cytoplasmic domain and acts as chaperone protein. Its overexpression induces improved resistance to cardiac overload delaying left ventricle dilation and reducing the occurrence of heart failure. Here, we investigated possible protective effect of melusin overexpression against acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with or without Postconditioning cardioprotective maneuvers. Melusin transgenic (Mel-TG) mice hearts were subjected to 30-min global ischemia followed by 60-min reperfusion. Interestingly, infarct size was reduced in Mel-TG mice hearts compared to wild-type (WT) hearts (40.3 ± 3.5 % Mel-TG vs. 59.5 ± 3.8 % WT hearts; n = 11 animals/group; P < 0.05). The melusin protective effect was also demonstrated by measuring LDH release, which was 50 % lower in Mel-TG compared to WT. Mel-TG hearts had a higher baseline level of AKT, ERK1/2 and GSK3β phosphorylation, and displayed increased phospho-kinases level after I/R compared to WT mice. Post-ischemic Mel-TG hearts displayed also increased levels of the anti-apoptotic factor phospho-BAD. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/AKT (Wortmannin) and ERK1/2 (U0126) pathways abrogated the melusin protective effect. Notably, HSP90, a chaperone known to protect heart from I/R injury, showed high levels of expression in the heart of Mel-TG mice suggesting a possible collaboration of this molecule with AKT/ERK/GSK3β pathways in the melusin-induced protection. Postconditioning, known to activate AKT/ERK/GSK3β pathways, significantly reduced IS and LDH release in WT hearts, but had no additive protective effects in Mel-TG hearts. These findings implicate melusin as an enhancer of AKT and ERK pathways and as a novel player in cardioprotection from I/R injury.
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95
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Longnus SL, Mathys V, Dornbierer M, Dick F, Carrel TP, Tevaearai HT. Heart transplantation with donation after circulatory determination of death. Nat Rev Cardiol 2014; 11:354-63. [DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2014.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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96
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Attenuation of Inflammatory Response and Reduction in Infarct Size by Postconditioning Are Associated With Downregulation of Early Growth Response 1 During Reperfusion in Rat Heart. Shock 2014; 41:346-54. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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97
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Cardioprotective Effect of VEGF and Venom VEGF-like Protein in Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:274-81. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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98
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Sgarra L, Leo V, Addabbo F, Iacobazzi D, Carratù MR, Montagnani M, Potenza MA. Intermittent losartan administration triggers cardiac post-conditioning in isolated rat hearts: role of BK2 receptors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88542. [PMID: 24520397 PMCID: PMC3919762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The angiotensin (Ang) and bradykinin (BK) tissue-system plays a pivotal role in post-conditioning, but the efficacy of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers (ARBs) in post-ischemic strategies is still under investigation. We evaluated functional and morphological outcomes, together with activation of cytosolic RISK pathway kinases, in rat hearts subjected to losartan (LOS) or irbesartan (IRB) post-ischemic administration. METHODS Isolated rat hearts underwent 30 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. Post-conditioning was obtained by intermittent (10 s/each) or continuous drug infusion during the first 3 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (dLVP), coronary flow (CF), and left ventricular infarct mass (IM) were measured together with the activation status of RISK kinases Akt, p42/44 MAPK and GSK3β. RESULTS When compared to hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (iI/R) alone, continuous IRB or LOS administration did not significantly reduce total infarct mass (cIRB or cLOS vs. iI/R, p = 0.2). Similarly, intermittent IRB (iIRB) was not able to enhance cardioprotection. Conversely, intermittent LOS administration (iLOS) significantly ameliorated cardiac recovery (iLOS vs iI/R, p<0.01). Differences between iLOS and iIRB persisted under continuous blockade of AT2R (iLOS+cPD vs. iIRB+cPD, p<0.05). Interestingly, iLOS cardioprotection was lost when BK2R was simultaneously blocked (iLOS+cHOE vs. iI/R, p = 0.6), whereas concurrent administration of iBK and iIRB replicated iLOS effects (iIRB+iBK vs. iLOS, p = 0.7). At the molecular level, iIRB treatment did not significantly activate RISK kinases, whereas both iLOS and iBK treatments were associated with activation of the Akt/GSK3β branch of the RISK pathways (p<0.05 vs. iI/R, for both). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that intermittent losartan is effective in mediating post-conditioning cardioprotection, whereas irbesartan is not. The infarct mass reduction by intermittent losartan seem mainly related on its specific ability to modulate BK2R, and only modestly associated on AT1R blocking properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sgarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Leo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Addabbo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Dominga Iacobazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Carratù
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Assunta Potenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
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99
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Lou PH, Lucchinetti E, Zhang L, Affolter A, Schaub MC, Gandhi M, Hersberger M, Warren BE, Lemieux H, Sobhi HF, Clanachan AS, Zaugg M. The mechanism of Intralipid®-mediated cardioprotection complex IV inhibition by the active metabolite, palmitoylcarnitine, generates reactive oxygen species and activates reperfusion injury salvage kinases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87205. [PMID: 24498043 PMCID: PMC3907505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intralipid® administration at reperfusion elicits protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were exposed to 15 min of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion in the absence or presence of Intralipid® 1% administered at the onset of reperfusion. In separate experiments, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine was added either alone or with Intralipid®. Left ventricular work and activation of Akt, STAT3, and ERK1/2 were used to evaluate cardioprotection. ROS production was assessed by measuring the loss of aconitase activity and the release of hydrogen peroxide using Amplex Red. Electron transport chain complex activities and proton leak were measured by high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized cardiac fibers. Titration experiments using the fatty acid intermediates of Intralipid® palmitoyl-, oleoyl- and linoleoylcarnitine served to determine concentration-dependent inhibition of complex IV activity and mitochondrial ROS release. RESULTS Intralipid® enhanced postischemic recovery and activated Akt and Erk1/2, effects that were abolished by the ROS scavenger N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine. Palmitoylcarnitine and linoleoylcarnitine, but not oleoylcarnitine concentration-dependently inhibited complex IV. Only palmitoylcarnitine reached high tissue concentrations during early reperfusion and generated significant ROS by complex IV inhibition. Palmitoylcarnitine (1 µM), administered at reperfusion, also fully mimicked Intralipid®-mediated protection in an N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine -dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our data describe a new mechanism of postconditioning cardioprotection by the clinically available fat emulsion, Intralipid®. Protection is elicited by the fatty acid intermediate palmitoylcarnitine, and involves inhibition of complex IV, an increase in ROS production and activation of the RISK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phing-How Lou
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Eliana Lucchinetti
- Research Associate, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Research Associate, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andreas Affolter
- Research Associate, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus C. Schaub
- Professor, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manoj Gandhi
- Research Associate, Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Head of the Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blair E. Warren
- Undergraduate student, Campus Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Assistant Professor, Campus Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hany F. Sobhi
- Assistant Professor and Director of Coppin Center for Organic Synthesis, Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Zaugg
- Professor, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- * E-mail:
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100
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Clarke SJ, McCormick LM, Dutka DP. Optimising cardioprotection during myocardial ischaemia: targeting potential intracellular pathways with glucagon-like peptide-1. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:12. [PMID: 24410815 PMCID: PMC3893610 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease and type-2 diabetes are both major global health burdens associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Following MI, ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a significant contributor to myocardial injury at the cellular level. Research has focussed on identifying a strategy or intervention to minimise IRI to optimise reperfusion therapy, with the aim of delivering a superior clinical outcome. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, already an established basis for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, also has the potential to protect against IRI. We explain the physiology and cellular processes involved in IRI, and the intracellular pathways activated by GLP-1, which could intercept IRI and deliver cardioprotection. The review also examines the current preclinical and clinical evidence for GLP-1 in cardioprotection and future directions for research as we look for an effective adjunctive treatment to minimise IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David P Dutka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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