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Palleschi S, Rossi B, Armiento G, Montereali MR, Nardi E, Mazziotti Tagliani S, Inglessis M, Gianfagna A, Silvestroni L. Toxicity of the readily leachable fraction of urban PM 2.5 to human lung epithelial cells: Role of soluble metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:35-44. [PMID: 29289849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) has been repeatedly associated with adverse health effects in humans. The PM2.5 soluble fraction, and soluble metals in particular, are thought to cause lung damage. Literature data, however, are not consistent and the role of leachable metals is still under debate. In this study, Winter and Summer urban PM2.5 aqueous extracts, obtained by using a bio-compatible solution and different contact times at 37 °C, were used to investigate cytotoxic effects of PM2.5 in cultured lung epithelial cells (A549) and the role played by the leachable metals Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd. Cell viability and migration, as well as intracellular glutathione, extracellular cysteine, cysteinylglycine and homocysteine concentrations, were evaluated in cells challenged with both PM2.5 extracts before and after ultrafiltration and artificial metal ion solutions mimicking the metal composition of the genuine extracts. The thiol oxidative potential was also evaluated by an abiotic test. Results demonstrate that PM2.5 bioactive components were released within minutes of PM2.5 interaction with the leaching solution. Among these are i) low MW (<3 kDa) solutes inducing oxidative stress and ii) high MW and/or water-insoluble compounds largely contributing to thiol oxidation and to increased homocysteine levels in the cell medium. Cu and/or Ni ions likely contributed to the effects of Summer PM2.5 extracts. Nonetheless, the strong bio-reactivity of Winter PM2.5 extracts could not be explained by the presence of the studied metals. A possible role for PM2.5 water-extractable organic components is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Palleschi
- Department of Environment & Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Environment & Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Armiento
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Montereali
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Nardi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Inglessis
- Department of Environment & Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gianfagna
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Leopoldo Silvestroni
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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52
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Zhang Y, Darland D, He Y, Yang L, Dong X, Chang Y. REDUCTION OF PM2.5 TOXICITY ON HUMAN ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL CELLS A549 BY TEA POLYPHENOLS. J Food Biochem 2018; 42. [PMID: 29962558 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tea-derived polyphenols have anticancer and antioxidant properties, and they can regulate oxidative stress. This study was designed to quantify both the toxic effects of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and determine whether tea polyphenols could provide a protective effect against PM2.5 toxicity on human alveolar epithelial A549 cells in vitro. Cytotoxic effects of the PM2.5 on A549 cells were measured by means of cell viability, the expression of caspase-3, bax/bcl-2 and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. The results showed that tea polyphenols ameliorated some of the adverse effects of PM2.5 on A549 cell viability and superoxide dismutase levels. In addition, tea polyphenols decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde generation, and apoptosis in response to PM2.5 exposure. Therefore, our results support a role for tea polyphenols in reducing the toxicity of PM2.5, particularly with regard to targeting oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Diane Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Yan He
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Dong
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
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53
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Jin X, Su R, Li R, Cheng L, Li Z. Crucial role of pro-inflammatory cytokines from respiratory tract upon PM 2.5 exposure in causing the BMSCs differentiation in cells and animals. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1745-1759. [PMID: 29416728 PMCID: PMC5788596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter exposure may cause health risk, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC), a typical model for evaluating pollutant toxicity, has been closely linked to these diseases, due to its characteristics of differentiation. We therefore studied the BMSCs differentiation and its roles in inflammatory activation in the respiratory tract upon PM2.5 exposure using both in vitro and in vivo models. BMSCs differentiation into endothelial-like cells (ELCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts cells (CAFs) was enhanced in response to conditioned medium from PM2.5-treated 16HBE cells. PM2.5 elevated inflammatory cytokines' expression and secretion in 16HBE cells. However, induction of differentiation markers was reduced when IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2 neutralizing antibodies were added to the conditioned medium. Furthermore, PM2.5 induced ROS formation and NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression in 16HBE cells. DPI (inhibitor of ROS from NOX) or NAC (inhibitor of ROS) supplement reduced PM2.5-induced inflammatory activation and BMSCs differentiation. Likewise, a concomitant disorder of mitochondrial morphology and respiratory chain was observed. In addition, Rot or AA (inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I or III) supplement restored PM2.5-induced toxic effects. Moreover, the results coincided with the in vitro data obtained from SD rats post-exposed to different doses of PM2.5 for 30 days. PM2.5 enhanced the BMSCs differentiation and inflammatory cytokines' expression in respiratory organs of SD rats, including lung and trachea tissue. This study uncovers that PM2.5 promotes the BMSCs differentiation via inflammatory activation mediated by ROS induction from NOX and mitochondria in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Jin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruijun Su
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Leclercq B, Platel A, Antherieu S, Alleman LY, Hardy EM, Perdrix E, Grova N, Riffault V, Appenzeller BM, Happillon M, Nesslany F, Coddeville P, Lo-Guidice JM, Garçon G. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal and sensitive COPD-diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:163-177. [PMID: 28651088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Even though clinical, epidemiological and toxicological studies have progressively provided a better knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM) exerts its harmful health effects, further in vitro studies on relevant cell systems are still needed. Hence, aiming of getting closer to the human in vivo conditions, primary human bronchial epithelial cells derived from normal subjects (NHBE) or sensitive chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-diseased patients (DHBE) were differentiated at the air-liquid interface. Thereafter, they were repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM2.5 to study the occurrence of some relevant genetic and/or epigenetic endpoints. Concentration-, exposure- and season-dependent increases of OH-B[a]P metabolites in NHBE, and to a lesser extent, COPD-DHBE cells were reported; however, there were more tetra-OH-B[a]P and 8-OHdG DNA adducts in COPD-DHBE cells. No increase in primary DNA strand break nor chromosomal aberration was observed in repeatedly exposed cells. Telomere length and telomerase activity were modified in a concentration- and exposure-dependent manner in NHBE and particularly COPD-DHBE cells. There were a global DNA hypomethylation, a P16 gene promoter hypermethylation, and a decreasing DNA methyltransferase activity in NHBE and notably COPD-DHBE cells repeatedly exposed. Changes in site-specific methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation of histone H3 (i.e., H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and H3S10ph) and related enzyme activities occurred in a concentration- and exposure-dependent manner in all the repeatedly exposed cells. Collectively, these results highlighted the key role played by genetic and even epigenetic events in NHBE and particularly sensitive COPD-DHBE cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM2.5 and their different responsiveness. While these specific epigenetic changes have been already described in COPD and even lung cancer phenotypes, our findings supported that, together with genetic events, these epigenetic events could dramatically contribute to the shift from healthy to diseased phenotypes following repeated exposure to relatively low doses of air pollution-derived PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leclercq
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483 IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, France; IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE-Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Platel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483 IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, France
| | - S Antherieu
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483 IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, France
| | - L Y Alleman
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE-Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - E M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - E Perdrix
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE-Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - N Grova
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - V Riffault
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE-Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - B M Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - M Happillon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483 IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, France
| | - F Nesslany
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483 IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, France
| | - P Coddeville
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE-Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J-M Lo-Guidice
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483 IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, France
| | - G Garçon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483 IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, France.
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Xu B, Hao J. Air quality inside subway metro indoor environment worldwide: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 107:33-46. [PMID: 28651166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The air quality in the subway metro indoor microenvironment has been of particular public concern. With specific reference to the growing demand of green transportation and sustainable development, subway metro systems have been rapidly developed worldwide in last decades. The number of metro commuters has continuously increased over recent years in metropolitan cities. In some cities, metro system has become the primary public transportation mode. Although commuters typically spend only 30-40min in metros, the air pollutants emitted from various interior components of metro system as well as air pollutants carried by ventilation supply air are significant sources of harmful air pollutants that could lead to unhealthy human exposure. Commuters' exposure to various air pollutants in metro carriages may cause perceivable health risk as reported by many environmental health studies. This review summarizes significant findings in the literature on air quality inside metro indoor environment, including pollutant concentration levels, chemical species, related sources and health risk assessment. More than 160 relevant studies performed across over 20 countries were carefully reviewed. These comprised more than 2000 individual measurement trips. Particulate matters, aromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyls and airborne bacteria have been identified as the primary air pollutants inside metro system. On this basis, future work could focus on investigating the chronic health risks of exposure to various air pollutants other than PM, and/or further developing advanced air purification unit to improve metro in-station air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jinliang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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56
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Zhang H, Zhou L, Yuen J, Birkner N, Leppert V, O'Day PA, Forman HJ. Delayed Nrf2-regulated antioxidant gene induction in response to silica nanoparticles. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:311-319. [PMID: 28389405 PMCID: PMC5480609 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles with iron on their surface cause the production of oxidants and stimulate an inflammatory response in macrophages. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 - like factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling and its regulated antioxidant genes play critical roles in maintaining redox homeostasis. In this study we investigated the regulation of four representative Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes; i.e., glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit (GCLC), GCL modifier subunit (GCLM), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1), by iron-coated silica nanoparticles (SiO2-Fe) in human THP-1 macrophages. We found that the expression of these four antioxidant genes was modified by SiO2-Fe in a time-dependent manner. At 6h, their expression was unchanged except for GCLC, which was reduced compared with controls. At 18h, the expression of these antioxidant genes was significantly increased compared with controls. In contrast, the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane induced all antioxidant genes at as early as 3h. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 occurred later than that for NF-κB p65 protein and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1β). NF-κB inhibitor SN50 prevented the reduction of GCLC at 6h and abolished the induction of antioxidant genes at 18h by SiO2-Fe, but did not affect the basal and sulforaphane-induced expression of antioxidant genes, suggesting that NF-κB signaling plays a key role in the induction of Nrf2-mediated genes in response to SiO2-Fe. Consistently, SN50 inhibited the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 caused by SiO2-Fe. In addition, Nrf2 silencing decreased the basal and SiO2-induced expression of the four reprehensive antioxidant genes. Taken together, these data indicated that SiO2-Fe induced a delayed response of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes, likely through NF-κB-Nrf2 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davies School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Lulu Zhou
- Leonard Davies School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Jenay Yuen
- Leonard Davies School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Nancy Birkner
- School of Natural Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, United States
| | - Valerie Leppert
- School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, United States
| | - Peggy A O'Day
- School of Natural Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, United States
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davies School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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Heusinkveld HJ, Wahle T, Campbell A, Westerink RHS, Tran L, Johnston H, Stone V, Cassee FR, Schins RPF. Neurodegenerative and neurological disorders by small inhaled particles. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:94-106. [PMID: 27448464 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The world's population is steadily ageing and as a result, health conditions related to ageing, such as dementia, have become a major public health concern. In 2001, it was estimated that there were almost 5 million Europeans suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and this figure has been projected to almost double by 2040. About 40% of people over 85 suffer from AD, and another 10% from Parkinson's disease (PD). The majority of AD and PD cases are of sporadic origin and environmental factors play an important role in the aetiology. Epidemiological research identified airborne particulate matter (PM) as one of the environmental factors potentially involved in AD and PD pathogenesis. Also, cumulating evidence demonstrates that the smallest sizes of the inhalable fraction of ambient particulate matter, also referred to as ultrafine particulate matter or nano-sized particles, are capable of inducing effects beyond the respiratory system. Translocation of very small particles via the olfactory epithelium in the nose or via uptake into the circulation has been demonstrated through experimental rodent studies with engineered nanoparticles. Outdoor air pollution has been linked to several health effects including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that may ultimately result in neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. This review aims to evaluate the relationship between exposure to inhaled ambient particles and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm J Heusinkveld
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, The Netherlands; AIR pollutants and Brain Aging research Group.
| | - Tina Wahle
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; AIR pollutants and Brain Aging research Group
| | - Arezoo Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Life Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; AIR pollutants and Brain Aging research Group
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; AIR pollutants and Brain Aging research Group
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Tseng CY, Chung MC, Wang JS, Chang YJ, Chang JF, Lin CH, Hseu RS, Chao MW. PotentIn VitroProtection Against PM2.5-Caused ROS Generation and Vascular Permeability by Long-Term Pretreatment withGanoderma tsugae. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:355-76. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show increased particulate matter (PM[Formula: see text]) particles in ambient air are correlated with increased myocardial infarctions. Given the close association of capillaries and alveoli, the dysfunction is caused when inhaled PM[Formula: see text] particles come in close proximity to capillary endothelial cells. We previously suggested that the inhalation of PM[Formula: see text] diesel exhaust particles (DEP) induces oxidative stress and upregulates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inducing vascular permeability factor VEGFA secretion, which results in cell-cell adherens junction disruption and PM[Formula: see text] transmigratation into circulation. Here, we minimized the level that PM[Formula: see text] traveled in the bloodstream by pre-supplementing with a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Ganoderma tsugae DMSO extract (GTDE) prior to PM[Formula: see text] exposure. Our results show that PM[Formula: see text] caused alterations in enzyme activities and cellular anti-oxidant balance. We found decreased glutathione levels, a reduced cellular redox ratio, increased ROS generation and cytotoxicity in the cellular fractions. The oxidative stress caused DNA damage and apoptosis, likely causing downstream molecular events that trigger vasculature permeabilization and, eventually, cardiovascular disorders. Our results show long-term GTDE treatment increased endogenous glutathione level, while PM[Formula: see text]-reduced glutathione levels and the cellular redox ratio. GTDE was protective against the genotoxic and apoptotic effects initiated by PM[Formula: see text] oxidative stress. Vascular permeability revealed that PM[Formula: see text] only accumulated on the surface of cells after GTDE treatment; no penetration was detected. After two weeks of GTDE treatment, VEGFA secretion was significantly reduced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and endothelial cell migration was blocked. Our results suggest GTDE prevents PM[Formula: see text] transmigration into the bloodstream, and the resultant dysfunction, by inhibiting oxidative stress production and endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Chung
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Syuan Wang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Chang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Fen Chang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Lin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Shyang Hseu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Da-an District, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chao
- Center of Nanotechnology
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
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Miousse IR, Chalbot MCG, Pathak R, Lu X, Nzabarushimana E, Krager K, Aykin-Burns N, Hauer-Jensen M, Demokritou P, Kavouras IG, Koturbash I. In Vitro Toxicity and Epigenotoxicity of Different Types of Ambient Particulate Matter. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:473-87. [PMID: 26342214 PMCID: PMC5009441 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with adverse health effects, including pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. Studies indicate that ambient PM originated from different sources may cause distinct biological effects. In this study, we sought to investigate the potential of various types of PM to cause epigenetic alterations in the in vitro system. RAW264.7 murine macrophages were exposed for 24 and 72 h to 5- and 50-μg/ml doses of the water soluble extract of 6 types of PM: soil dust, road dust, agricultural dust, traffic exhausts, biomass burning, and pollen, collected in January-April of 2014 in the area of Little Rock, Arkansas. Cytotoxicity, oxidative potential, epigenetic endpoints, and chromosomal aberrations were addressed. Exposure to 6 types of PM resulted in induction of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in a type-, time-, and dose-dependent manner. Epigenetic alterations were characterized by type-, time-, and dose-dependent decreases of DNA methylation/demethylation machinery, increased DNA methyltransferases enzymatic activity and protein levels, and transcriptional activation and subsequent silencing of transposable elements LINE-1, SINE B1/B2. The most pronounced changes were observed after exposure to soil dust that were also characterized by hypomethylation and reactivation of satellite DNA and structural chromosomal aberrations in the exposed cells. The results of our study indicate that the water-soluble fractions of the various types of PM have differential potential to target the cellular epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R Miousse
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health and
| | - Marie-Cecile G Chalbot
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health and
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Etienne Nzabarushimana
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health and Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Kimberly Krager
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ilias G Kavouras
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health and
| | - Igor Koturbash
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health and
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Xiao X, Wang R, Cao L, Shen ZX, Cao YX. The Role of MAPK Pathways in Airborne Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Upregulation of Endothelin Receptors in Rat Basilar Arteries. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:213-26. [PMID: 26496744 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) increases the risk of cerebrovascular diseases. However, existing experimental data do not sufficiently explain how PM(2.5) affects cerebral vessels. This study sought to examine whether PM(2.5) alters endothelin (ET) receptor expression on rat cerebral arteries and the potential underlying mechanisms. Isolated rat basilar arteries were cultured with PM(2.5) aqueous suspension in the presence of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors. ET receptor-mediated vasomotor functions were recorded by a sensitive myograph. ET(A) and ET(B) receptor mRNA and protein expressions were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Compared with fresh and culture alone arteries, PM(2.5) significantly enhanced ET(A) and ET(B) receptor-mediated contractions and increased receptor mRNA and protein expressions in basilar arteries, indicating PM(2.5) upregulates ET(A) and ET(B) receptors. Culturing with SB386023 (MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor), U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SP600125 [c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor], or SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) attenuated PM(2.5)-induced ETB receptor upregulation. PM(2.5)-induced enhancement of ET(A) receptor-mediated contraction and receptor expression was notably inhibited by SB386023 or U0126. However, neither SP600125 nor SB203580 had an effect on PM(2.5)-induced ET(A) receptor upregulation. In conclusion, PM(2.5) upregulates ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in rat basilar arteries. ET(B) receptor upregulation is involved in MEK/ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways, and ET(A) receptors upregulation is associated with MEK/ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Rong Wang
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lei Cao
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China;
| | - Zhen-xing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yong-xiao Cao
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Watanabe M, Kurai J, Sano H, Yamasaki A, Shimizu E. Difference in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Responses Induced in THP1 Cells by Particulate Matter Collected on Days with and without ASIAN Dust Storms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:7725-37. [PMID: 26184251 PMCID: PMC4515687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120707725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The associations between particulate matter from Asian dust storms (ADS) and health disorders differ among studies, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, ADS and non-ADS particles were tested for their potential to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with adverse respiratory effects. Particulate matter was collected in Japan during four periods in 2013 (2 × ADS periods; 2 × non-ADS). THP1 cells were exposed to this particulate matter, and the levels of various interleukins (ILs), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Levels of IL-2 increased significantly following exposure to all particulate matter samples (compared to levels in a solvent control). Increased levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were also observed following exposure to particles collected during three (one ADS and two non-ADS) and two (one ADS and one non-ADS) collection periods, respectively. Thus, the effects of particulate matter on cytokine responses differed according to collection period, and the effects of ADS particles differed for each ADS event. Additionally, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by ADS particles were not always higher than those induced by non-ADS particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Jun Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
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