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McVey M. Strategies for DNA interstrand crosslink repair: insights from worms, flies, frogs, and slime molds. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:646-658. [PMID: 20143343 DOI: 10.1002/em.20551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are complex lesions that covalently link both strands of the DNA double helix and impede essential cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription. Recent studies suggest that multiple repair pathways are involved in their removal. Elegant genetic analysis has demonstrated that at least three distinct sets of pathways cooperate in the repair and/or bypass of ICLs in budding yeast. Although the mechanisms of ICL repair in mammals appear similar to those in yeast, important differences have been documented. In addition, mammalian crosslink repair requires other repair factors, such as the Fanconi anemia proteins, whose functions are poorly understood. Because many of these proteins are conserved in simpler metazoans, nonmammalian models have become attractive systems for studying the function(s) of key crosslink repair factors. This review discusses the contributions that various model organisms have made to the field of ICL repair. Specifically, it highlights how studies performed with C. elegans, Drosophila, Xenopus, and the social amoeba Dictyostelium serve to complement those from bacteria, yeast, and mammals. Together, these investigations have revealed that although the underlying themes of ICL repair are largely conserved, the complement of DNA repair proteins utilized and the ways in which each of the proteins is used can vary substantially between different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch McVey
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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Chen S, Zhang J, Wang R, Luo X, Chen H. The platinum-based treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer, is low/negative ERCC1 expression better than high/positive ERCC1 expression? A meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 2010; 70:63-70. [PMID: 20541281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predictive value of ERCC1 for prognosis and sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to provide an assessment of whether expression variations of ERCC1 are associated with objective response and median survival in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CNKI for all eligible studies and conducted a meta-analysis of 12 studies (n=836 patients) that evaluated the correlation between ERCC1 levels (detected by immunohistochemistry or real-time reverse transcriptase PCR) and objective response or median survival in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC. Pooled odds ratios (OR) for the objective response were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Pooled median ratios for median survival were calculated using the weighted sum of the log-ratio of median ratios from each individual study. RESULTS Among 836 tumors, ERCC1 expression was high/positive in 416 (49.8%) and low/negative in 420 (50.2%). Response to platinum-based chemotherapy was significantly higher in patients with ERCC1 low/negative expression (OR=0.48; 95% CI, 0.35-0.64; P<0.00001). Median survival time was significantly prolonged when ERCC1 low/negative expression was compared with ERCC1 high/positive expression (MR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.47-1.07; P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Low/negative expression of ERCC1 was associated with higher objective response and median survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. ERCC1 may be a suitable marker of prognosis and sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufeng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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Stubbert LJ, Smith JM, McKay BC. Decreased transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair capacity is associated with increased p53- and MLH1-independent apoptosis in response to cisplatin. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:207. [PMID: 20470425 PMCID: PMC2889890 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most commonly used classes of anti-cancer drugs presently in clinical practice is the platinum-based drugs, including cisplatin. The efficacy of cisplatin therapy is often limited by the emergence of resistant tumours following treatment. Cisplatin resistance is multi-factorial but can be associated with increased DNA repair capacity, mutations in p53 or loss of DNA mismatch repair capacity. Methods RNA interference (RNAi) was used to reduce the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) capacity of several prostate and colorectal carcinoma cell lines with specific defects in p53 and/or DNA mismatch repair. The effect of small inhibitory RNAs designed to target the CSB (Cockayne syndrome group B) transcript on TC-NER and the sensitivity of cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis was determined. Results These prostate and colon cancer cell lines were initially TC-NER proficient and RNAi against CSB significantly reduced their DNA repair capacity. Decreased TC-NER capacity was associated with an increase in the sensitivity of tumour cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, even in p53 null and DNA mismatch repair-deficient cell lines. Conclusion The present work indicates that CSB and TC-NER play a prominent role in determining the sensitivity of tumour cells to cisplatin even in the absence of p53 and DNA mismatch repair. These results further suggest that CSB represents a potential target for cancer therapy that may be important to overcome resistance to cisplatin in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawton J Stubbert
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Spivey KA, Banyard J, Solis LM, Wistuba II, Barletta JA, Gandhi L, Feldman HA, Rodig SJ, Chirieac LR, Zetter BR. Collagen XXIII: a potential biomarker for the detection of primary and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:1362-72. [PMID: 20447926 PMCID: PMC2880394 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen XXIII is a transmembrane collagen previously shown to be upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein expression of collagen XXIII in tumor tissues from a variety of cancers and to assess the utility of collagen XXIII as a biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A multicancer tissue microarray was used for the immunohistochemical examination of collagen XXIII protein expression in a variety of cancers. Subsequently, collagen XXIII expression was analyzed in three separate cohorts using tissue microarrays with representative tumor and control lung tissues from NSCLC patients. In addition, NSCLC patient urine samples were analyzed for the presence of collagen XXIII through Western blot. RESULTS Collagen XXIII was present in tissue samples from a variety of cancers. Within lung cancer tissues, collagen XXIII staining was enriched in NSCLC subtypes. Collagen XXIII was present in 294 of 333 (88%) lung adenocarcinomas and 97 of 133 (73%) squamous cell carcinomas. In urine, collagen XXIII was present in 23 of 29 (79%) NSCLC patient samples but only in 15 of 54 (28%) control samples. High collagen XXIII staining intensity correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival in NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS We show the capability of collagen XXIII as a tissue and urinary biomarker for NSCLC, in which positivity in tissue or urine significantly correlates with the presence of NSCLC and high staining intensity is a significant recurrence predictor. IMPACT Inclusion of collagen XXIII in a tissue- or urine-based cancer biomarker panel could inform NSCLC patient treatment decisions.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/urine
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/urine
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/urine
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/urine
- Case-Control Studies
- Collagen/metabolism
- Collagen/urine
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/urine
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/urine
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Risk Factors
- Survival Rate
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A. Spivey
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline Banyard
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luisa M. Solis
- Department of Pathology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Justine A. Barletta
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leena Gandhi
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry A. Feldman
- Clinical Research Program, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott J. Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucian R. Chirieac
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce R. Zetter
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Clinicopathologic Significance of Excision Repair Cross-Complementation 1 Expression in Patients Treated With Breast-Conserving Surgery and Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76:679-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Corvalan A, Wistuba II. Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-524-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chijiwa S, Masutani C, Hanaoka F, Iwai S, Kuraoka I. Polymerization by DNA polymerase eta is blocked by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) 1,3-d(GpTpG) cross-link: implications for cytotoxic effects in nucleotide excision repair-negative tumor cells. Carcinogenesis 2009; 31:388-93. [PMID: 20015866 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) forms DNA adducts that interfere with replication and transcription. The most common adducts formed in vivo are 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG) cross-links (Pt-GG) and d(ApG) cross-links (Pt-AG), with minor amounts of 1,3-d(GpNpG) cross-links (Pt-GNG), interstrand cross-links and monoadducts. Although the relative contribution of these different adducts to toxicity is not known, literature implicates that Pt-GG and Pt-AG adducts block replication. Thus, nucleotide excision repair (NER), by which platinum adducts are excised, and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), which permits adduct bypass, are thought to be associated with cisplatin resistance. Recent studies have reported that the clinical benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy is high if tumor cells express low levels of NER factors. To investigate the role of platinum-DNA adducts in mediating tumor cell survival by TLS, we examined whether 1,3-intrastrand d(GpTpG) platinum cross-links (Pt-GTG), which probably exist in NER-negative tumor cells but not in NER-positive tumor cells, are bypassed by the translesion DNA polymerase eta (pol eta), which is known to bypass Pt-GG. We show that pol eta can incorporate the correct deoxycytidine triphosphate opposite the first 3'-cross-linked G of Pt-GTG but cannot insert any nucleotides opposite the second intact T or the third 5'-cross-linked G of the adducts, thereby suggesting that TLS does not facilitate replication past Pt-GTG adducts. Thus, our findings implicate Pt-GNG adducts as mediating the cytotoxicity of platinum-DNA adducts in NER-negative tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Chijiwa
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan
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Sangodkar J, DiFeo A, Feld L, Bromberg R, Huang F, Terzo EA, Choudhri A, Narla G. Targeted reduction of KLF6-SV1 restores chemotherapy sensitivity in resistant lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2009; 66:292-7. [PMID: 19328586 PMCID: PMC2831196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 6 splice variant 1 (KLF6-SV1) is an oncogenic splice variant of the KLF6 tumor suppressor gene that is specifically overexpressed in a number of human cancers. Previously, we have demonstrated that increased expression of KLF6-SV1 is associated with decreased survival in lung adenocarcinoma patient samples and that targeted reduction of KLF6-SV1 using siRNA induced apoptosis both alone and in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Here, we demonstrate that chemoresistant lung cancer cells express increased levels of KLF6-SV1. Furthermore, targeted reduction of KLF6-SV1 using RNA interference restores chemotherapy sensitivity to lung cancer cells both in culture and in vivo through induction of apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of KLF6-SV1 resulted in a marked reduction in chemotherapy sensitivity in a tumor xenograft model. Combined, these findings highlight a functional role for the KLF6-SV1 splice variant in the regulation of chemotherapy response in lung cancer and could provide novel insight into lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Sangodkar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
| | - Lauren Feld
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
| | - Romina Bromberg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
| | - Esteban A. Terzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
| | - Aisha Choudhri
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
| | - Goutham Narla
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
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Abstract
In lung cancer, expressive survival has not yet been achieved in non surgical stages. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are treated with platinum and other drugs. To choose these agents we can actual ly define predictive biomarkers to preview therapeutic response. A literature revision was done in order to define the role of ERCC1 e RRM1 genes in the response to chemotherapy based in platinum and gemcitabine respectively. The expression of these genes is faced as a predictive marker to the chemotherapy response in patients with adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, providing a personalized therapy. Published data supports this behaviour and is useful to individualize therapy accordingly to individual levels of ERCC1 which are modified by genetic mutations. Polymorphisms in codons 118 C/T and C8092A, seem to influence the carcinogenesis, cytostatic resistance, survival and even the prognosis. Clinical and laboratorial trials showed that high expression of RRM1 gene in NSCLC has impact in the tumoral phenotype. Patients having done surgical resection and presenting high expression of RRM1 have better survival than those with lower expression. However, patients with advanced NSCLC and treated with chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin appear to have a poor outcome if the tumor express elevated levels of RRM1 gene.
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Shukla SJ, Duan S, Wu X, Badner JA, Kasza K, Dolan ME. Whole-genome approach implicates CD44 in cellular resistance to carboplatin. Hum Genomics 2009; 3:128-42. [PMID: 19164090 PMCID: PMC2683878 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-3-2-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the management of many cancers, yet treatment is limited by resistance and toxicities. To achieve a better understanding of the genetic contribution to carboplatin resistance or toxicities, lymphoblastoid cell lines from 34 large Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain pedigrees were utilised to evaluate interindividual variation in carboplatin cytotoxicity. Significant heritability, ranging from 0.17-0.36 (p = 1 x 10(-7) to 9 x 10(-4)), was found for cell growth inhibition following 72-hour treatment at each carboplatin concentration (10, 20, 40 and 80 microM) and IC(50) (concentration for 50 per cent cell growth inhibition). Linkage analysis revealed 11 regions with logarithm of odds (LOD) scores greater than 1.5. The highest LOD score on chromosome 11 (LOD = 3.36, p = 4.2 x 10(-5)) encompasses 65 genes within the 1 LOD confidence interval for the carboplatin IC 50 . We further analysed the IC(50) phenotype with a linkage-directed association analysis using 71 unrelated HapMap and Perlegen cell lines and identified 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms within eight genes that were significantly associated with the carboplatin IC(50) (p < 3.6 x 10(-5); false discovery rate <5 per cent). Next, we performed linear regression on the baseline expression and carboplatin IC(50) values of the eight associated genes, which identified the most significant correlation between CD44 expression and IC(50) (r(2)= 0.20; p = 6 x 10(-4)). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction further confirmed a statistically significant difference in CD44 expression levels between carboplatin-resistant and -sensitive cell lines (p = 5.9 x 10(-3)). Knockdown of CD44 expression through small interfering RNA resulted in increased cellular sensitivity to carboplatin (p < 0.01). Our whole-genome approach using molecular experiments identified CD44 as being important in conferring cellular resistance to carboplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita J Shukla
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Judith A Badner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Kristen Kasza
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - M Eileen Dolan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
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Scherpereel A. Cancer pulmonaire et avancées physiopathologiques : des applications proches ? Rev Mal Respir 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(08)74080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nordberg ML. Molecular pathology--translating research into clinical practice: an expanding frontier in surgical oncology. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2008; 17:303-21, viii. [PMID: 18375354 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular assays have now become essential to the pathologist and clinician alike in diagnosing and managing disease. This article highlights the techniques and molecular targets no longer ancillary to basic research. Ripe for discussion are the likely future impact of genetics on clinical care, the potential models for service provision, and the broader ethical, legal, and social issues related to the use of genetic information for nonmedical purposes. Molecular methods are forecasted to increase in assisting in the diagnosis of human diseases. The author's mission is to embrace this discipline and use these technologies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lowery Nordberg
- Department of Pathology, LSUHSC/Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Room C2-26, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
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