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Zheng R, Zhu HL, Hu BR, Ruan XJ, Cai HJ. Identification of APEX2 as an oncogene in liver cancer. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:2917-2929. [PMID: 32775374 PMCID: PMC7385600 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i14.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage is one of the critical contributors to the occurrence and development of some cancers. APEX1 and APEX2 are the most important molecules in the DNA damage, and APEX1 has been identified as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). However, the expression of APEX2 and its functional mechanisms in LIHC are still unclear. AIM To examine the expression of APEX2 and the potential mechanism network in LIHC. METHODS We conducted a pan-cancer analysis of the expression of APEX1 and APEX2 using the interactive TIMER tool. GEO datasets, including GSE14520, GSE22058, and GSE64041, were used to compare the APEX2 expression level in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Then, we calculated the 5-year survival rate according to the web-based Kaplan-Meier analysis. We included the TCGA liver cancer database in GSEA analysis based on the high and low APEX2 expression, showing the potential mechanisms of APEX2 in LIHC. After that, we conducted Pearson correlation analysis using GEPIA2. Next, we performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to examine the APEX2 levels in normal liver cell line LO2 and several liver cancer cell lines, including HepG2, Huh7, SMMC7721, and HCCLM3. APEX2 in HCCLM3 cells was knocked down using small interfering RNA. The role of APEX2 in cell viability was confirmed using CCK-8. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine the promoter activity of CCNB1 and MYC. RESULTS APEX1 and APEX2 are both highly expressed in the tumor tissues of BLCA, BRCA, CHOL, COAD, ESCA, HNSC, LIHC, LUAD, LUSC, READ, and STAD. APEX2 overexpression in LIHC was validated using GSE14520, GSE22058, and GSE64041 datasets. The survival analysis showed that LIHC patients with high expression of APEX2 had a lower overall survival rate, even in the AJCC T1 patients. High level of APEX2 could indicate a lower overall survival rate in patients with or without viral hepatitis. The GSEA analysis identified that kinetochore and spindle microtubules are the two main cellular components of APEX2 in GO Ontology. APEX2 was also positively associated with molecular function regulation of chromosome segregation and DNA replication. The results of KEGG analysis indicated that APEX2 expression was positively correlated with cell cycle pathway and pro-oncogenic MYC signaling. Pearson correlation analysis showed that APEX2 had a significant positive correlation with CCNB1 and MYC. APEX2 level was higher in liver cancer cell lines than in normal liver LO2 cells. Small interfering RNA could knock down the APEX2 expression in HCCLM3 cells. Knockdown of APEX2 resulted in a decrease in the viability of HCCLM3 cells as well as the expression and promoter activity of CCNB1 and MYC. CONCLUSION APEX2 is overexpressed in LIHC, and the higher APEX2 level is associated with a worse prognosis in overall survival. APEX2 is closely involved in the biological processes of chromosome segregation and DNA replication. APEX2 expression is positively correlated with the pro-oncogenic pathways. Knockdown of APEX2 could inhibit the cell viability and CCNB1 and MYC pathways, suggesting that APEX2 is an oncogene in LIHC, which could be a potential pharmaceutic target in the anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Heng-Liang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Ren Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Ruan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua-Jie Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Feng Y, Jiang W, Zhao W, Lu Z, Gu Y, Dong Y. miR-124 regulates liver cancer stem cells expansion and sorafenib resistance. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112162. [PMID: 32640195 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism for liver CSCs expansion remains unclear. Herein, we report that miR-124 is downregulated in liver CSCs and associated with the poor prognosis of HCC. Functional studies revealed that a forced expression of miR-124 inhibits liver CSCs self-renew and tumorigenesis. Conversely, miR-124 knockdown promotes liver CSCs self-renew and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, miR-124 directly target Caveolin-1 (CAV1) via its mRNA 3'UTR in liver CSCs. Furthermore, miR-124 expression determines the responses of hepatoma cells to sorafenib treatment. The analysis of patient cohort and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further demonstrated that miR-124 may predict sorafenib benefits in HCC patients. In conclusion, our findings revealed the crucial role of the miR-124 in liver CSCs expansion and sorafenib response, rendering miR-124 an optimal target for the prevention and intervention in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenman Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Cao County People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong province, 274400, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yubei Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yuwei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Zhang PF, Gao C, Huang XY, Lu JC, Guo XJ, Shi GM, Cai JB, Ke AW. Cancer cell-derived exosomal circUHRF1 induces natural killer cell exhaustion and may cause resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:110. [PMID: 32593303 PMCID: PMC7320583 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the innate antitumor immune response. Recently, NK cell dysfunction has been verified in various malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular biological mechanisms of NK cell dysfunction in human HCC are still obscure. Methods The expression of circular ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domain 1 RNA (circUHRF1) in HCC tissues, exosomes, and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of HCC cells and plasma of HCC patients using an ultracentrifugation method and the ExoQuick Exosome Precipitation Solution kit and then characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, NanoSight and western blotting. The role of circUHRF1 in NK cell dysfunction was assessed by ELISA. In vivo circRNA precipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of circUHRF1 in NK cells. In a retrospective study, the clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of circUHRF1 were determined in HCC tissues. Results Here, we report that the expression of circUHRF1 is higher in human HCC tissues than in matched adjacent nontumor tissues. Increased levels of circUHRF1 indicate poor clinical prognosis and NK cell dysfunction in patients with HCC. In HCC patient plasma, circUHRF1 is predominantly secreted by HCC cells in an exosomal manner, and circUHRF1 inhibits NK cell-derived IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion. A high level of plasma exosomal circUHRF1 is associated with a decreased NK cell proportion and decreased NK cell tumor infiltration. Moreover, circUHRF1 inhibits NK cell function by upregulating the expression of TIM-3 via degradation of miR-449c-5p. Finally, we show that circUHRF1 may drive resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy in HCC patients. Conclusions Exosomal circUHRF1 is predominantly secreted by HCC cells and contributes to immunosuppression by inducing NK cell dysfunction in HCC. CircUHRF1 may drive resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200032.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200032.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200032.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200032.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200032.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200032. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200032. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200032. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Marin JJ, Macias RI, Monte MJ, Romero MR, Asensio M, Sanchez-Martin A, Cives-Losada C, Temprano AG, Espinosa-Escudero R, Reviejo M, Bohorquez LH, Briz O. Molecular Bases of Drug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061663. [PMID: 32585893 PMCID: PMC7352164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor outcome of patients with non-surgically removable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent type of primary liver cancer, is mainly due to the high refractoriness of this aggressive tumor to classical chemotherapy. Novel pharmacological approaches based on the use of inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKIs), mainly sorafenib and regorafenib, have provided only a modest prolongation of the overall survival in these HCC patients. The present review is an update of the available information regarding our understanding of the molecular bases of mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) with a significant impact on the response of HCC to existing pharmacological tools, which include classical chemotherapeutic agents, TKIs and novel immune-sensitizing strategies. Many of the more than one hundred genes involved in seven MOC have been identified as potential biomarkers to predict the failure of treatment, as well as druggable targets to develop novel strategies aimed at increasing the sensitivity of HCC to pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J.G. Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.G.M.); (O.B.); Tel.: +34-663182872 (J.J.G.M.); +34-923294674 (O.B.)
| | - Rocio I.R. Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J. Monte
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta R. Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maitane Asensio
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Anabel Sanchez-Martin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Candela Cives-Losada
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Alvaro G. Temprano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Ricardo Espinosa-Escudero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Maria Reviejo
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Laura H. Bohorquez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.G.M.); (O.B.); Tel.: +34-663182872 (J.J.G.M.); +34-923294674 (O.B.)
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Ge J, Han T, Shan L, Na J, Li Y, Wang J. Long non-coding RNA THOR promotes ovarian Cancer cells progression via IL-6/STAT3 pathway. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:72. [PMID: 32552789 PMCID: PMC7302152 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The prognosis of OC remains poor due to the advanced stage and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Recently, a novel lncRNA, THOR (testis-associated highly conserved oncogenic long non-coding RNA), was characterized in human cancers and shown to exhibit an oncogenic role. However, the role of THOR in OC remains unclear. Methods RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of THOR, p-STAT3 and IL-6. The impact of THOR on OC proliferation, metastasis and self-renewal was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The prognostic value of THOR was determined in OC patient cohorts. Results In this study, our results find that THOR is markedly upregulated in human OC tissues and predicts the poor prognosis of OC patients. Functional studies have revealed that knockdown of THOR inhibits the growth, metastasis and self-renewal of OC cells. Mechanistically, THOR drives OC cell progression via the IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Moreover, the specific STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 or IL-6R inhibitor tocilizumab diminish the discrepancy in the growth, metastatic and self-renewal capacity between THOR-silenced OC cells and control cells, which further confirm that IL-6/STAT3 is required in THOR-driven OC cells progression. Conclusion Our findings reveal that THOR could promote OC cells growth, metastasis and self-renewal by activating IL-6/STAT3 signaling and may be a good predictive factor and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lili Shan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Na
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
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SOX9 enhances sorafenib resistance through upregulating ABCG2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110315. [PMID: 32554246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is a multi-kinase blocker and one of the few suggested drug treatments for aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, drug resistance to sorafenib may often occur over time and cause further tumor aggression. Recently, cancer stem cells were found in HCC and were speculated to be involved in tumor progression. SOX9 is highly expressed in HCC cancer stem cells and promotes cell proliferation and self-renewal. Meanwhile, HCC patients with higher SOX9 expression show poorer prognosis. Whether SOX9 is involved in sorafenib resistance in HCC is still unclear. Here, we found that sorafenib treatment increased the proportion of SOX9 positive cells in HCC cell lines. Overexpression of exogenous SOX9 in HCC increased sorafenib resistance both in vitro and in vivo, whereas down-regulation led to inhibition of sorafenib resistance. Knock-down of SOX9 by RNA interference caused down-regulation of downstream genes, including ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). The drug resistance to sorafenib caused by SOX9 overexpression could be ameliorated by ABCG2 inhibition in HCC cell lines. In the cohort of patients taken sorafenib, we found that patients with lower SOX9 expression had more prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis shows that SOX9 expression exerts as an independent risk factor for the OS and PFS of HCC patients with sorafenib treatment. These findings demonstrate that SOX9 enhances sorafenib resistance and may regulate this process by modulating ABCG2 expression.
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Cheng Z, Wei-Qi J, Jin D. New insights on sorafenib resistance in liver cancer with correlation of individualized therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188382. [PMID: 32522600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is highly malignant and insensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy and is associated with very poor patient prognosis. In 2007, the small-molecule targeted drug sorafenib was approved for the treatment of advanced liver cancer. In the subsequent ten years, sorafenib has been the only first-line therapeutic targeted drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a number of clinical studies show that a considerable percentage of patients with liver cancer are insensitive to sorafenib. The number of patients who actually benefit significantly from sorafenib treatment is very limited, and the overall efficacy of sorafenib is far from satisfactory, which has attracted the attention of researchers. Based on previous studies and reports, this article reviews the potential mechanisms of sorafenib resistance (SR) and summarizes the biomarkers and clinicopathological indicators that might be used for predicting sorafenib response and developing personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Cheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiang Wei-Qi
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ding Jin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Cai J, Chen J, Wu T, Cheng Z, Tian Y, Pu C, Shi W, Suo X, Wu X, Zhang K. Genome-scale CRISPR activation screening identifies a role of LRP8 in Sorafenib resistance in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:1170-1176. [PMID: 32312520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib may provide survival benefits for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, tumor cells can display primary or secondary resistance to Sorafenib. To identify genes capable of conveying Sorafenib resistance, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR transcriptional activation library (SAM) in human Huh7 cells. We identified that a group of sgRNAs were significantly enriched in Sorafenib resistant Huh7 cells, which indicated that these sgRNAs up-regulated their target genes and induced resistance. We finally identified LRP8 as a key gene that can drive HCC cell to acquire sorafenib resistance. All three sgRNAs targeting LRP8 were identified in Sorafenib resistant Huh7 cells with high copy. We also showed that sorafenib-acquired resistant Huh7 cells have much higher LRP8 expression level than parental Huh7 cells. We proved that overexpression of LRP8 in HCC cell lines activated β-catenin and significantly promoted its resistance to Sorafenib. We further showed that overexpression of LRP8 reduced the apoptosis level of HCC cell lines. To summary, genome-scale CRISPR activation screening identifies a role of LRP8 in Sorafenib resistance in Hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhilei Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanhu Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Changsheng Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenzai Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaopeng Suo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xianjia Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Keming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China.
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Liu C, Li J, Wang W, Zhong X, Xu F, Lu J. miR-206 inhibits liver cancer stem cell expansion by regulating EGFR expression. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1077-1088. [PMID: 32286127 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1739808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in tumorigenesis, progression, drug resistance and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism for the propagation of liver cancer stem cells was unclear. Herein, we observed miR-206 expression was reduced in both chemoresistant HCCs and recurrent HCCs from patients. A dramatically decrease of miR-206 was detected in cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133) or epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive liver CSCs and in CSC-enriched hepatoma spheres. Functional studies revealed that a forced expression of miR-206 inhibited liver CSCs expansion by suppressing the dedifferentiation of hepatoma cells and attenuating the self-renewal of liver CSCs. Mechanistically, bioinformatic and luciferase reporter analysis identified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a direct target of miR-206. Moreover, miR-206 downregulated the expression of EGFR in liver CSCs. There was a significant inverse correlation between miR-206 and EGFR mRNA expression in HCC samples. Special EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib abolished the discrepancy in liver CSC proportion and the self-renewal capacity between miR-206 overexpression hepatoma cells and control cells, which further confirmed that EGFR was required in miR-206-inhibited liver CSCs expansion. Conclusion: miR-206 could suppress HCC cell dedifferentiation and liver CSCs expansion by targeting EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyang Zhong
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Gu J, Han T, Sun L, Yan AH, Jiang XJ. miR-552 promotes laryngocarcinoma cells proliferation and metastasis by targeting p53 pathway. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1012-1021. [PMID: 32233984 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1743910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous researches show that MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and drug resistance of malignant tumors, including laryngocarcinoma. miR-552 works as an oncogene in both colorectal cancer and liver cancer. However, the potential role of miR-552 in laryngocarcinoma is unknown. Herein, we for first found that miR-552 expression was upregulated in laryngocarcinoma tissues compared with their normal controls. Moreover, miR-552 expression was also increasing in the laryngocarcinoma cells. miR-552 interference inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of laryngocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analysis identified p53 as a direct target of miR-552. miR-552 knockdown upregulated the p53 mRNA and protein expression in laryngocarcinoma cells. miR-552 expression was negatively associated with p53 expression in laryngocarcinoma tissues. More importantly, the p53 siRNA or p53 overexpression virus abrogated the discrepancy of growth and metastasis capacity between miR-552 interference laryngocarcinoma cells and control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ai-Hui Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue-Jun Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Lei Z, Tang X, Si A, Yang P, Wang L, Luo T, Guo G, Zhang Q, Cheng Z. microRNA-454 promotes liver tumor-initiating cell expansion by regulating SOCS6. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111955. [PMID: 32165166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) are involved in the tumorigenesis, progression, drug resistance and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism for the propagation of liver T-ICs remains unclear. Herein, we find that miR-454 is upregulated in liver T-ICs and has an important function in liver T-ICs. Functional studies have revealed that knockdown of miR-454 inhibits liver T-IC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Conversely, forced miR-454 expression promotes liver T-IC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, we found that miR-454 downregulates SOCS6 expression in liver T-ICs. The correlation between miR-454 and SOCS6 is validated in human HCC tissues. Furthermore, HCC cells that overexpress miR-454 are resistant to sorafenib treatment. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further demonstrates that miR-454 may predict sorafenib benefits in HCC patients. In conclusion, our findings reveal the crucial role of miR-454 in liver T-IC expansion and sorafenib response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Lei
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewu Tang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anfeng Si
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Bayi Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinghua Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), And Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), And Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangmeng Guo
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Han T, Zhang Y, Yang X, Han L, Li H, Chen T, Zheng Z. miR-552 Regulates Liver Tumor-Initiating Cell Expansion and Sorafenib Resistance. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:1073-1085. [PMID: 32044726 PMCID: PMC7015836 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence, and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few miRNAs have been identified and entered clinical practice. Herein, we report that microRNA (miR)-552 is upregulated in HCC tissues and has an important function in liver tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs). Functional studies revealed that a forced expression of miR-552 promotes liver T-IC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Conversely, miR-552 knockdown inhibits liver T-IC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, miR-552 downregulates phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) via its mRNA 3' UTR and activates protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Our clinical investigations elucidated the prognostic value of miR-552 in HCC patients. Furthermore, miR-552 expression determines the responses of hepatoma cells to sorafenib treatment. The analysis of patient cohorts and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further demonstrated that miR-552 may predict sorafenib benefits in HCC patients. In conclusion, our findings revealed the crucial role of the miR-552 in liver T-IC expansion and sorafenib response, rendering miR-552 an optimal target for the prevention and intervention in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning Province, China; Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning Province, China; Graduate School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hengyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingsong Chen
- Department of Cancer Intervention, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, 200001 Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhendong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning Province, China.
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Xia S, Pan Y, Liang Y, Xu J, Cai X. The microenvironmental and metabolic aspects of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102610. [PMID: 31918403 PMCID: PMC7000339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, sorafenib-resistant HCC cells exhibit significant mesenchymal phenotype and stemness features. In this context, tumor cells might undergo cell fate transition in response to sorafenib or other targeted drugs in the presence or absence of genetic mutations. Therefore, understanding the major characteristics of drug-resistant cells state helps to discover new treatments that overcome drug resistance. To note, little is known about the metabolic or microenvironmental aspects of the certain tumor cell states beyond the genome. This review mainly focuses on the underlying mechanisms of acquired sorafenib resistance based on CSCs and EMT models, which explain tumor heterogeneity and have been considered the major cause of secondary sorafenib resistance. In particular, it discusses how the tumor microenvironment and tumor metabolism regulate cell stemness, mesenchymal state, and sorafenib resistance through epigenetic regulations, and provides reliable targets that might have synergetic effect with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yuelong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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Song S, Sun K, Dong J, Zhao Y, Liu F, Liu H, Sha Z, Mao J, Ding G, Guo W, Fu Z. microRNA-29a regulates liver tumor-initiating cells expansion via Bcl-2 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111781. [PMID: 31857112 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few miRNAs have been identified and entered clinical practice. Herein, we report that miR-29a is downregulated in tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) and has an important function in liver T-ICs. Functional studies revealed that miR-29a knockdown promotes liver T-ICs self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Conversely, a forced miR-29a expression inhibits liver T-ICs self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, we find that miR-29a downregulates Bcl-2 via binding its mRNA 3'UTR in liver T-ICs. The correlation between miR-29a and Bcl-2 is validated in human HCC tissues. Furthermore, the miR-29a expression determines the responses of hepatoma cells to sorafenib treatment. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further demonstrated that the miR-29a high patients are more sensitive to sorafenib treatment. In conclusion, our findings revealed the crucial role of the miR-29a in liver T-ICs expansion and sorafenib response, rendering miR-29a as an optimal target for the prevention and intervention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Song
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Keyan Sun
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Junfeng Dong
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yuanyu Zhao
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhilin Sha
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jiaxi Mao
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Guoshan Ding
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Zhiren Fu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Maoz M, Devir M, Inbar M, Inbar-Daniel Z, Sherill-Rofe D, Bloch I, Meir K, Edelman D, Azzam S, Nechushtan H, Maimon O, Uziely B, Kadouri L, Sonnenblick A, Eden A, Peretz T, Zick A. Clinical Implications of Sub-grouping HER2 Positive Tumors by Amplicon Structure and Co-amplified Genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18795. [PMID: 31827209 PMCID: PMC6906288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 amplification is a prognostic marker for aggressive tumors and a predictive marker for prolonged survival following treatment with HER2 inhibitors. We attempt to sub-group HER2+ tumors based on amplicon structures and co-amplified genes. We examined five HER2+ cell lines, three HER2+ xenographs and 57 HER2+ tumor tissues. ERBB2 amplification was analyzed using digital droplet PCR and low coverage whole genome sequencing. In some HER2+ tumors PPM1D, that encodes WIP1, is co-amplified. Cell lines were treated with HER2 and WIP1 inhibitors. We find that inverted duplication is the amplicon structure in the majority of HER2+ tumors. In patients suffering from an early stage disease the ERBB2 amplicon is composed of a single segment while in patients suffering from advanced cancer the amplicon is composed of several different segments. We find robust WIP1 inhibition in some HER2+ PPM1D amplified cell lines. Sub-grouping HER2+ tumors using low coverage whole genome sequencing identifies inverted duplications as the main amplicon structure and based on the number of segments, differentiates between local and advanced tumors. In addition, we found that we could determine if a tumor is a recurrent tumor or second primary tumor and identify co-amplified oncogenes that may serve as targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Maoz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Devir
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Inbar
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ziva Inbar-Daniel
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Sherill-Rofe
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idit Bloch
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karen Meir
- Department of Pathology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Edelman
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Salah Azzam
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hovav Nechushtan
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Beatrice Uziely
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luna Kadouri
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Sonnenblick
- The Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Eden
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviad Zick
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Zhao W, Han T, Li B, Ma Q, Yang P, Li H. miR-552 promotes ovarian cancer progression by regulating PTEN pathway. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:121. [PMID: 31815639 PMCID: PMC6900846 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing researches have demonstrated the critical functions of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression of malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer. It was reported that miR-552 was an important oncogene in both breast cancer and colorectal cancer. However, the role of miR-552 in ovarian cancer (OC) remains to be elucidated. Methods RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of miR-552 and PTEN. The impact of miR-552 on ovarian cancer proliferation and metastasis was investigated in vitro. The prognostic value of miR-552 was evaluated using the online bioinformatics tool Kaplan-Meier plotter. Results In the present study, we for first found that miR-552 was upregulated in ovarian cancer, especially in metastatic and recurrence ovarian cancer. Forced miR-552 expression promotes the growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Consistently, miR-552 interference inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Mechanically, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analysis identified Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) as a direct target of miR-552. miR-552 downregulated the PTEN mRNA and protein expression in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the PTEN siRNA abolishes the discrepancy of growth and metastasis capacity between miR-552 mimic ovarian cells and control cells. More importantly, upregulation of miR-552 predicts the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Conclusion Our findings revealed that miR-552 could promote ovarian cancer cells progression by targeting PTEN signaling and might therefore be useful to predict patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenman Zhao
- Department of General surgery, Cao county people's hospital, East of Qinghe Road, Heze, 274400, Shandong province, China.
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bao Li
- Department of General surgery, Cao county people's hospital, East of Qinghe Road, Heze, 274400, Shandong province, China
| | - Qianyun Ma
- Department of Urology surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Pinghua Yang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Hengyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Si A, Wang L, Miao K, Zhang R, Ji H, Lei Z, Cheng Z, Fang X, Hao B. miR-219 regulates liver cancer stem cell expansion via E-cadherin pathway. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3550-3561. [PMID: 31724462 PMCID: PMC6927721 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1691762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells contribute to tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism for the propagation of liverCSCs is not fully understood yet. Here we show that miR-219 is upregulated in liver CSCs. Knockdown of miR-219 attenuates the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of liver CSCs. Conversely, miR-219 overexpressing enhances the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of liver CSCs.Mechanistically,miR-219 downregulates E-cadherin via itsmRNA 3'UTR in liver CSCs. The correlation between miR-219 and E-cadherin is validated in human HCC tissues. Furthermore, the miR-219 expression determines the responses of hepatoma cells to sorafenib treatment. Our findings indicate that miR-219 plays a critical role in liver CSCs expansion and sorafenib response, rendering miR-219 as an optimal target for the prevention and intervention of HCC.Abbreviations: HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CSCs: cancer stem cells; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; OS: overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfeng Si
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery I, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Miao
- Oncology Department Ward, Tianchang People’s Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery III, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Ji
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengqing Lei
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangchun Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baobing Hao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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MicroRNA-28-5p Regulates Liver Cancer Stem Cell Expansion via IGF-1 Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8734362. [PMID: 31885628 PMCID: PMC6915025 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8734362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the role of miRNAs in liver CSCs has not been fully elucidated. Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-miR-28-5p in liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). The impact of miR-28-5p on liver CSC expansion was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The correlation between miR-28-5p expression and sorafenib benefits in HCC was further evaluated in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Results Our data showed that miR-28-5p was downregulated in sorted EpCAM- and CD24-positive liver CSCs. Biofunctional investigations revealed that knockdown miR-28-5p promoted liver CSC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Consistently, miR-28-5p overexpression inhibited liver CSC's self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, we found that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was a direct target of miR-28-5p in liver CSCs, and the effects of miR-28-5p on liver CSC's self-renewal and tumorigenesis were dependent on IGF-1. The correlation between miR-28-5p and IGF-1 was confirmed in human HCC tissues. Furthermore, the miR-28-5p knockdown HCC cells were more sensitive to sorafenib treatment. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further demonstrated that the miR-28-5p may predict sorafenib benefits in HCC patients. Conclusion Our findings revealed the crucial role of the miR-28-5p in liver CSC expansion and sorafenib response, rendering miR-28-5p an optimal therapeutic target for HCC.
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Chen D, Feng X, Lv Z, Xu X, Lu Y, Wu W, Wu H, Liu H, Cao L, Ye S, Chen J, Wu J. ACADS acts as a potential methylation biomarker associated with the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinomas. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8825-8844. [PMID: 31652420 PMCID: PMC6834414 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) constantly rank among the malignancies with the highest death tolls on the global scale. Moreover, HCC are associated with a limited set of therapeutic options. This is particularly true in the case of advanced stage cancers, where long-term survival is uncommon. For the inoperable, advanced HCC patients, chemotherapy is the main modality of treatment. Due to the lack of known molecular targets, the efficacy of the chemotherapy is limited. CONCLUSION These findings clearly indicate that DNA methylation plays a key role in regulating ACADS expression and that it can be a potential therapeutic target for treating HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thorough comparative analysis of 282 cancer samples with 47 normal samples from GEO datasets resulted in the observation that that the level of ACADS was significantly downregulated in HCC. Loss-of-function analyses were then conducted to understand the biological function of ACADS in HCC. It was noted that ACADS was involved in the proliferation and metastasis of HCC. Experiments involving the knockdown of DMNT expression led to the discovery that the expression of ACADS in the HCC cells was significantly increased. The TCGA database was then employed to identify tumor tissue samples which showed higher methylation levels at cg01535453, cg08618068, and cg10174836 (which are the target sites of the ACADS CpG islands) as compared with normal liver tissue samples. All these findings indicated that ACADS might be a novel methylation biomarker associated with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Immunology School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaode Feng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Lv
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuejie Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linping Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunyi Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Institute of Immunology School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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Musso O, Beraza N. Hepatocellular carcinomas: evolution to sorafenib resistance through hepatic leukaemia factor. Gut 2019; 68:1728-1730. [PMID: 31270163 PMCID: PMC6839724 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Musso
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.
| | - Naiara Beraza
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich, UK
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Diclofenac Potentiates Sorafenib-Based Treatments of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Enhancing Oxidative Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101453. [PMID: 31569821 PMCID: PMC6827164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is the first developed systemic treatment for advanced forms of hepatocellular carcinoma, which constitutes the most frequent form of primary liver cancers and is a major global health burden. Although statistically significant, the positive effect of sorafenib on median survival remains modest, highlighting the need to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In this report, we introduce diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, as a potent catalyzer of sorafenib anticancer efficacy. Treatment of three different hepatocellular cancer cells (Huh-7, HepG2, and PLC-PRF-5) with sorafenib (5 µM, 24 h) and diclofenac (100 µM, 24 h) significantly increased cancer cell death compared to sorafenib or diclofenac alone. Anti-oxidant compounds, including N-acetyl-cysteine and ascorbic acid, reversed the deleterious effects of diclofenac/sorafenib co-therapy, suggesting that the generation of toxic levels of oxidative stress was responsible for cell death. Accordingly, whereas diclofenac increased production of mitochondrial oxygen reactive species, sorafenib decreased concentrations of glutathione. We further show that tumor burden was significantly diminished in mice bearing tumor xenografts following sorafenib/diclofenac co-therapy when compared to sorafenib or diclofenac alone. Taken together, these results highlight the anticancer benefits of sorafenib/diclofenac co-therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. They further indicate that combining sorafenib with compounds that increase oxidative stress represents a valuable treatment strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Ma QY, Li SY, Li XZ, Zhou TF, Zhao YF, Liu FL, Yu XN, Lin J, Chen FY, Cao J, Xi HJ, Li HY. Long non-coding RNA DILC suppresses bladder cancer cells progression. Gene 2019; 710:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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