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Yan L, Li Y, Qing Y, Tao X, Wang H, Lai X, Zhang Y. Integrative Analysis of Genes Involved in the Global Response to Potato Wart Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865716. [PMID: 35845669 PMCID: PMC9277394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synchytrium endobioticum, the causal agent of potato wart disease, poses a major threat to commercial potato production. Understanding the roles of transcriptionally regulated genes following pathogen infection is necessary for understanding the system-level host response to pathogen. Although some understanding of defense mechanisms against S. endobioticum infection has been gained for incompatible interactions, the genes and signaling pathways involved in the compatible interaction remain unclear. Based on the collection of wart diseased tubers of a susceptible cultivar, we performed phenotypic and dual RNA-Seq analyses of wart lesions in seven stages of disease progression. We totally detected 5,052 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the different stages of infection to uninfected controls. The tendency toward differential gene expression was active rather than suppressed under attack by the pathogen. The number of DEGs step-up along with the development of the disease and the first, third and seventh of the disease stages showed substantially increase of DEGs in comparison of the previous stage. The important functional groups identified via Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment were those responsible for plant-pathogen interaction, fatty acid elongation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Gene coexpression networks, composed of 17 distinct gene modules that contained between 25 and 813 genes, revealed high interconnectivity of the induced response and led to the identification of a number of hub genes enriched at different stages of infection. These results provide a comprehensive perspective on the global response of potato to S. endobioticum infection and identify a potential transcriptional regulatory network underlying this susceptible response, which contribute to a better understanding of the potato-S. endobioticum pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yan
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Qing
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Lai
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Yizheng Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rizwan HM, Waheed A, Ma S, Li J, Arshad MB, Irshad M, Li B, Yang X, Ali A, Ahmed MAA, Shaheen N, Scholz SS, Oelmüller R, Lin Z, Chen F. Comprehensive Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Eceriferum ( CER) Gene Family in Passion Fruit ( Passiflora edulis) Under Fusarium kyushuense and Drought Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:898307. [PMID: 35832215 PMCID: PMC9272567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant surfaces are covered with cuticle wax and are the first barrier between a plant and environmental stresses. Eceriferum (CER) is an important gene family involved in wax biosynthesis and stress resistance. In this study, for the first time, 34 CER genes were identified in the passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) genome, and PeCER proteins varied in physicochemical properties. A phylogenetic tree was constructed and divided into seven clades to identify the evolutionary relationship with other plant species. Gene structure analyses revealed that conserved motifs ranged from 1 to 24, and that exons ranged from 1 to 29. The cis-element analysis provides insight into possible roles of PeCER genes in plant growth, development and stress responses. The syntenic analysis revealed that segmental (six gene pairs) and tandem (six gene pairs) gene duplication played an important role in the expansion of PeCER genes and underwent a strong purifying selection. In addition, 12 putative ped-miRNAs were identified to be targeting 16 PeCER genes, and PeCER6 was the most targeted by four miRNAs including ped-miR157a-5p, ped-miR164b-5p, ped-miR319b, and ped-miR319l. Potential transcription factors (TFs) such as ERF, AP2, MYB, and bZIP were predicted and visualized in a TF regulatory network interacting with PeCER genes. GO and KEGG annotation analysis revealed that PeCER genes were highly related to fatty acid, cutin, and wax biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interactions, and stress response pathways. The hypothesis that most PeCER proteins were predicted to localize to the plasma membrane was validated by transient expression assays of PeCER32 protein in onion epidermal cells. qRT-PCR expression results showed that most of the PeCER genes including PeCER1, PeCER11, PeCER15, PeCER17, and PeCER32 were upregulated under drought and Fusarium kyushuense stress conditions compared to controls. These findings provide a foundation for further studies on functions of PeCER genes to further facilitate the genetic modification of passion fruit wax biosynthesis and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Key Laboratory for Bio Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songfeng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiankun Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Arshad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- College of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Binqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohamed A. A. Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nusrat Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sandra S. Scholz
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhimin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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53
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Rangan P, Maurya R, Singh S. Can omic tools help generate alternative newer sources of edible seed oil? PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e399. [PMID: 35774621 PMCID: PMC9219012 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are three pathways for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis: De novo TAG biosynthesis, phosphatidylcholine-derived biosynthesis, and cytosolic TAG biosynthesis. Variability in fatty acid composition is mainly associated with phosphatidylcholine-derived TAG pathway. Mobilization of TAG-formed through cytosolic pathway into lipid droplets is yet unknown. There are multiple regulatory checkpoints starting from acetyl-CoA carboxylase to the lipid droplet biogenesis in TAG biosynthesis. Although a primary metabolism, only a few species synthesize oil in seeds for storage, and less than 10 species are commercially exploited. To meet out the growing demand for oil, diversifying into newer sources is the only choice left. The present review highlights the potential strategies targeting species like Azadirachta, Callophyllum, Madhuca, Moringa, Pongamia, Ricinus, and Simarouba, which are not being used for eating but are otherwise high yielding (ranging from 1.5 to 20 tons per hectare) with seeds having a high oil content (40-60%). Additionally, understanding the toxin biosynthesis in Ricinus and Simarouba would be useful in developing toxin-free oil plants. Realization of the importance of cell cultures as "oil factories" is not too far into the future and would soon be a commercially viable option for producing oils in vitro, round the clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimalan Rangan
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
| | - Rasna Maurya
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
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Kumar S, Agrawal A, Seem K, Kumar S, Vinod KK, Mohapatra T. Transcriptome analysis of a near-isogenic line and its recurrent parent reveals the role of Pup1 QTL in phosphorus deficiency tolerance of rice at tillering stage. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:29-50. [PMID: 35275352 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for cellular processes like respiration, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids, etc. To cope with P deficiency stress, plants adopt reprograming of the expression of genes involved in different metabolic/signaling pathways for survival, growth, and development. Plants use transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and/or post-translational machinery to achieve P homeostasis. Several transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs, and P transporters play important roles in P deficiency tolerance; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for P deficiency tolerance remain poorly understood. Studies on P starvation/deficiency responses in plants at early (seedling) stage of growth have been reported but only a few of them focused on molecular responses of the plant at advanced (tillering or reproductive) stage of growth. To decipher the strategies adopted by rice at tillering stage under P deficiency stress, a pair of contrasting genotypes [Pusa-44 (a high-yielding, P deficiency sensitive cultivar) and its near-isogenic line (NIL-23, P deficiency tolerant) for Pup1 QTL] was used for morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. Comparative analyses of shoot and root tissues from 45-day-old plants grown hydroponically under P sufficient (16 ppm) or P deficient (4 ppm) medium confirmed some of the known morphophysiological responses. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed the important roles of phosphate transporters, TFs, auxin-responsive proteins, modulation in the cell wall, fatty acid metabolism, and chromatin architecture/epigenetic modifications in providing P deficiency tolerance to NIL-23, which were brought in due to the introgression of the Pup1 QTL in Pusa-44. This study provides insights into the molecular functions of Pup1 for P deficiency tolerance, which might be utilized to improve P-use efficiency of rice for better productivity in P deficient soils. KEY MESSAGE: Introgression of Pup1 QTL in high-yielding rice cultivar modulates mainly phosphate transporters, TFs, auxin-responsive proteins, cell wall structure, fatty acid metabolism, and chromatin architecture/epigenetic modifications at tillering stage of growth under phosphorus deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Anuradha Agrawal
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Karishma Seem
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - K K Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Zhukov A, Popov V. Synthesis of C 20-38 Fatty Acids in Plant Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094731. [PMID: 35563119 PMCID: PMC9101283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) are involved in a number of important plant physiological functions. Disorders in the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of VLCFA lead to a number of phenotypic consequences, ranging from growth retardation to the death of embryos. The elongation of VLCFA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is carried out by multiple elongase complexes with different substrate specificities and adapted to the synthesis of a number of products required for a number of metabolic pathways. The information about the enzymes involved in the synthesis of VLCFA with more than 26 atoms of Carbon is rather poor. Recently, genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of both regular-length fatty acids and VLCFA have been discovered and investigated. Polyunsaturated VLCFA in plants are formed mainly by 20:1 elongation into new monounsaturated acids, which are then imported into chloroplasts, where they are further desaturated. The formation of saturated VLCFA and their further transformation into a number of aliphatic compounds included in cuticular waxes and suberin require the coordinated activity of a large number of different enzymes.
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56
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Voronkov A, Ivanova T. Significance of Lipid Fatty Acid Composition for Resistance to Winter Conditions in Asplenium scolopendrium. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040507. [PMID: 35453707 PMCID: PMC9024544 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plants growing at temperate and polar latitudes are exposed to cold stress. With climate change, different durations of low temperatures and sometimes frost are being increasingly observed in regions at low latitudes. This can cause especially great harm to agricultural crops, the mortality of which can pose a serious challenge to the food supply for the global population. One of the factors affecting plant resistance to low and negative temperatures is specific changes in the fatty acid (FA) composition of lipids. It should be noted that most of the crops studied in this regard are angiosperms. It is known that the FA composition of angiosperms has undergone significant evolutionary changes compared to that of nonflowering vascular plants. Studying the FA composition of various taxonomic groups can shed light on and reveal new mechanisms of plant resistance. Therefore, in this paper, we focused on the rare evergreen fern Asplenium scolopendrium, whose fronds can tolerate freezing. A number of specific features of its FA composition were discovered, which, in combination with other resistance mechanisms, determine its ability to grow in temperate climate zones and safely undergo wintering. Abstract Ferns are one of the oldest land plants. Among them, there are species that, during the course of evolution, have adapted to living in temperate climates and under winter conditions. Asplenium scolopendrium is one such species whose fronds are able to tolerate low subzero temperatures in winter. It is known that the resistance of ferns to freezing is associated with their prevention of desiccation via unique properties of the xylem and effective photoprotective mechanisms. In this work, the composition of A. scolopendrium lipid fatty acids (FAs) at different times of the year was studied by gas–liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry to determine their role in the resistance of this species to low temperatures. During the growing season, the polyunsaturated FA content increased significantly. This led to increases in the unsaturation and double-bond indices by winter. In addition, after emergence from snow, medium-chain FAs were found in the fronds. Thus, it can be speculated that the FA composition plays an important role in the adaptation of A. scolopendrium to growing conditions and preparation for successful wintering.
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Nomberg G, Marinov O, Arya GC, Manasherova E, Cohen H. The Key Enzymes in the Suberin Biosynthetic Pathway in Plants: An Update. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030392. [PMID: 35161373 PMCID: PMC8839845 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Suberin is a natural biopolymer found in a variety of specialized tissues, including seed coat integuments, root endodermis, tree bark, potato tuber skin and the russeted and reticulated skin of fruits. The suberin polymer consists of polyaliphatic and polyphenolic domains. The former is made of very long chain fatty acids, primary alcohols and a glycerol backbone, while the latter consists of p-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, which originate from the core phenylpropanoid pathway. In the current review, we survey the current knowledge on genes/enzymes associated with the suberin biosynthetic pathway in plants, reflecting the outcomes of considerable research efforts in the last two decades. We discuss the function of these genes/enzymes with respect to suberin aromatic and aliphatic monomer biosynthesis, suberin monomer transport, and suberin pathway regulation. We also delineate the consequences of the altered expression/accumulation of these genes/enzymes in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Nomberg
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofir Marinov
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gulab Chand Arya
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Manasherova
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Kajino T, Yamaguchi M, Oshima Y, Nakamura A, Narushima J, Yaguchi Y, Yotsui I, Sakata Y, Taji T. KLU/CYP78A5, a Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Identified via Fox Hunting, Contributes to Cuticle Biosynthesis and Improves Various Abiotic Stress Tolerances. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904121. [PMID: 35812904 PMCID: PMC9262146 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acquired osmotolerance after salt stress is widespread among Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) accessions. Most salt-tolerant accessions exhibit acquired osmotolerance, whereas Col-0 does not. To identify genes that can confer acquired osmotolerance to Col-0 plants, we performed full-length cDNA overexpression (FOX) hunting using full-length cDNAs of halophyte Eutrema salsugineum, a close relative of Arabidopsis. We identified EsCYP78A5 as a gene that can confer acquired osmotolerance to Col-0 wild-type (WT) plants. EsCYP78A5 encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and the Arabidopsis ortholog is known as KLU. We also demonstrated that transgenic Col-0 plants overexpressing AtKLU (AtKLUox) exhibited acquired osmotolerance. Interestingly, KLU overexpression improved not only acquired osmotolerance but also osmo-shock, salt-shock, oxidative, and heat-stress tolerances. Under normal conditions, the AtKLUox plants showed growth retardation with shiny green leaves. The AtKLUox plants also accumulated higher anthocyanin levels and developed denser cuticular wax than WT plants. Compared to WT plants, the AtKLUox plants accumulated significantly higher levels of cutin monomers and very-long-chain fatty acids, which play an important role in the development of cuticular wax and membrane lipids. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by osmotic or heat stress was reduced in AtKLUox plants compared to WT plants. These findings suggest that KLU is involved in the cuticle biosynthesis, accumulation of cuticular wax, and reduction of ER stress induced by abiotic stresses, leading to the observed abiotic stress tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kajino
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshimi Oshima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nakamura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jumpei Narushima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Yaguchi
- Electron Microscope Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Yotsui
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruaki Taji
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Teruaki Taji,
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Fukuda N, Oshima Y, Ariga H, Kajino T, Koyama T, Yaguchi Y, Tanaka K, Yotsui I, Sakata Y, Taji T. ECERIFERUM 10 Encoding an Enoyl-CoA Reductase Plays a Crucial Role in Osmotolerance and Cuticular Wax Loading in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:898317. [PMID: 35812913 PMCID: PMC9259793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acquired osmotolerance induced after salt stress is widespread across Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) accessions (e.g., Bu-5). However, it remains unclear how this osmotolerance is established. Here, we isolated a mutant showing an acquired osmotolerance-defective phenotype (aod2) from an ion-beam-mutagenized M2 population of Bu-5. aod2 was impaired not only in acquired osmotolerance but also in osmo-shock, salt-shock, and long-term heat tolerances compared with Bu-5, and it displayed abnormal morphology, including small, wrinkled leaves, and zigzag-shaped stems. Genetic analyses of aod2 revealed that a 439-kbp region of chromosome 4 was translocated to chromosome 3 at the causal locus for the osmosensitive phenotype. The causal gene of the aod2 phenotype was identical to ECERIFERUM 10 (CER10), which encodes an enoyl-coenzyme A reductase that is involved in the elongation reactions of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) for subsequent derivatization into cuticular waxes, storage lipids, and sphingolipids. The major components of the cuticular wax were accumulated in response to osmotic stress in both Bu-5 WT and aod2. However, less fatty acids, primary alcohols, and aldehydes with chain length ≥ C30 were accumulated in aod2. In addition, aod2 exhibited a dramatic reduction in the number of epicuticular wax crystals on its stems. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated by bZIP60 was increased in aod2 under osmotic stress. The only cer10 showed the most pronounced loss of epidermal cuticular wax and most osmosensitive phenotype among four Col-0-background cuticular wax-related mutants. Together, the present findings suggest that CER10/AOD2 plays a crucial role in Arabidopsis osmotolerance through VLCFA metabolism involved in cuticular wax formation and endocytic membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norika Fukuda
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Oshima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ariga
- Plant Resources Unit, Research Center of Genetic Resources, NARO, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuma Kajino
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Yaguchi
- Electron Microscope Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Nodai Genome Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Yotsui
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruaki Taji
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Teruaki Taji,
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Voronkov AS, Ivanova TV, Kumachova TK. The features of the fatty acid composition of Pyrus L. total lipids are determined by mountain ecosystem conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:350-363. [PMID: 34959055 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The composition of fatty acids (FAs) of total lipids of pericarp, seeds, and leaves of Pyrus caucasica Fed. and Pyrus communis L. growing in mountain ecosystems at different altitudes (300, 700 and 1200 m) was studied. It was found that the greatest differences in the relative content of FAs within a species, depending on the altitudes above sea level, were characteristic of the outer tissues of the pericarp (peel) and leaves, which were in direct contact with the external environment. Pericarp parenchyma to a lesser extent, and seeds practically did not differ in FA composition at different heights. At altitudes with increased UV radiation, conjugated octadecadienoates: rumenic acid (9,11-18:2) and 10,12-18:2 were registered in the pericarp and leaf of Purys L., the functions of which in plants were practically not studied. The wild P. caucasica at all growing altitudes was characterized by more very-long-chain FAs (VLCFAs) than the P. communis cultivar. At 700 m, most likely when exposed to fungal infections, the relative number of VLCFAs increased significantly, and new species of individual odd-chaine FAs appeared in their composition in both representatives. It was especially worth noting the appearance in peel and leaf melissic acid (30:0), which was rarely recorded in the plant. A characteristic feature of only P. communis at an altitude of 700 m was the large number of unsaturated individual VLCFAs. Based on the data obtained, a scheme of possible pathways for VLCFA biosynthesis in P. communis were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Voronkov
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Ivanova
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Tamara K Kumachova
- Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya St, Moscow, 127550, Russia
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Sun AZ, Chen LS, Tang M, Chen JH, Li H, Jin XQ, Yi Y, Guo FQ. Lipidomic Remodeling in Begonia grandis Under Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843942. [PMID: 35251112 PMCID: PMC8891222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the alterations in leaf lipidome in Begonia (Begonia grandis Dry subsp. sinensis) under heat stress will aid in understanding the mechanisms of stress adaptation to high-temperature stress often occurring during hot seasons at southern areas in China. The comparative lipidomic analysis was performed using leaves taken from Begonia plants exposed to ambient temperature or heat stress. The amounts of total lipids and major lipid classes, including monoacylglycerol (MG), diacylglycerol (DG), triacylglycerols (TG), and ethanolamine-, choline-, serine-, inositol glycerophospholipids (PE, PC, PS, PI) and the variations in the content of lipid molecular species, were analyzed and identified by tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. Upon exposure to heat stress, a substantial increase in three different types of TG, including 18:0/16:0/16:0, 16:0/16:0/18:1, and 18:3/18:3/18:3, was detected, which marked the first stage of adaptation processes. Notably, the reduced accumulation of some phospholipids, including PI, PC, and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was accompanied by an increased accumulation of PS, PE, and phosphatidic acid (PA) under heat stress. In contrast to the significant increase in the abundance of TG, all of the detected lysophospholipids and sphingolipids were dramatically reduced in the Begonia leaves exposed to heat stress, suggesting that a very dynamic and specified lipid remodeling process is highly coordinated and synchronized in adaptation to heat stress in Begonia plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Zhen Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Sha Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan-Hua Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qi Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Yi,
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Fang-Qing Guo,
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Creydt M, Lautner S, Fromm J, Fischer M. Wood profiling by non-targeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry: Part 2, Detection of the geographical origin of spruce wood (Picea abies) by determination of metabolite pattern. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462737. [PMID: 34968956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A non-targeted metabolomics-based approach using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to authenticate spruce wood (Picea abies) from two geographic source areas. The two sample sites were located in Germany and only 250 km apart. In order to achieve the highest possible metabolite coverage, the spruces samples were measured with four different methods using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. In this way, a total of approximately 4,100 features were detected, which included non-polar, polar, and intermediate-polar metabolites. Using supervised multivariate methods, a distinction between the two sample groups could be achieved on the basis of non-polar data sets. The major metabolites contributing to differentiation were identified by MS/MS experiments and were from the following classes of compounds: ceramides, fatty acids, glycerolipids, and phytosterols. Based on the soil descriptions of the two sites, it was concluded that there is probably a close relationship between nutrient availability and the differences in concentration of the marker compounds. The results show that a metabolomics-based approach is also suitable for differentiation of origin, even if the sample sites are close to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Silke Lautner
- Applied Wood Biology, Faculty of Wood Science and Technology, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Schicklerstrasse 5, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Wood Science, Research Unit Wood Biology, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91d, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
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