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Li JQ, Cheng M, Tian WC, Zhang J. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using skin fibroblasts from patients with myocardial infarction under feeder-free conditions. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:837-42. [PMID: 24398533 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is an increasing medical problem; however, its pathogenesis has yet to be elucidated and more effective treatment strategies are required. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were recently successfully generated using human somatic cells transfected with four transcription factors. The present study aimed to generate iPSCs from cells from patients with myocardial infarction. Six patients who had been diagnosed with myocardial infarction were enrolled in this study. The fibroblast cells from the biopsied skin were reprogrammed using octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct‑4), SRY-related HMG-box gene 2 (Sox‑2), Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf‑4) and cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c‑Myc) transcription factors. The generated cells were identified by karyotyping, in vitro and in vivo differentiation ability and staining for specific markers. These human MI‑iPSCs expressed pluripotent genes and cell surface markers, and exhibited normal proliferation. The iPSCs also showed in vivo and in vitro differentiation ability, as indicated by teratoma and embryoid body formation, respectively. Moreover, the iPSCs differentiated into cardiomyocytes and neuronal cells. In conclusion, human iPSCs were successfully generated from skin fibroblasts from patients with MI under feeder‑independent conditions, which increases their potential suitability for clinical applications. These results may encourage further study of MI pathogenesis and facilitate the development of safe downstream clinical applications of iPSC‑based cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Quan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Chen Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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52
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Lomax GP, DeWitt ND. Somatic cell nuclear transfer in Oregon: expanding the pluripotent space and informing research ethics. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22 Suppl 1:25-8. [PMID: 24304071 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In May, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) announced the successful derivation, by the Mitalipov laboratory, of embryonic stem cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer. This experiment was recognized as a "formidable technical feat" and potentially a key step toward developing cell-based therapies. The OHSU report is also an example of how a scientific breakthrough can inform research ethics. This article suggests ways that nuclear transfer embryonic stem cell lines may contribute to research ethics by adding rigor to studies addressing pressing research questions important to the development of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Lomax
- California Institute of Regenerative Medicine , San Francisco, California
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53
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Biobanking in a constantly developing medical world. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:343275. [PMID: 24174912 PMCID: PMC3794514 DOI: 10.1155/2013/343275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobank is a very sophisticated system that consists of a programmed storage of biological material and corresponding data. Biobanks are created to be used in medical research, in clinical and translational medicine, and in healthcare. In the past 20 years, a large number of biobanks have been set up around the world, to support the modern research directions in medicine such as omix and personalized medicine. More recently, embryonic and adult stem cell banks have been developed. Stem cell banking was reported to be required for medical research as well as clinical transplant applications. The quality of the samples stored in a biobank is very important. The standardization is also important; the biological material stored in a biobank must be processed in a manner that allows compatibility with other biobanks that preserve samples in the same field. In this paper, we review some issues related to biobanks purposes, quality, harmonization, and their financial and ethical aspects.
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Choi SM, Kim Y, Shim JS, Park JT, Wang RH, Leach SD, Liu JO, Deng CX, Ye Z, Jang YY. Efficient drug screening and gene correction for treating liver disease using patient-specific stem cells. Hepatology 2013; 57:2458-68. [PMID: 23325555 PMCID: PMC3633649 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a potential source for developing novel drug and cell therapies. Although increasing numbers of disease-specific iPSCs have been generated, there has been limited progress in iPSC-based drug screening/discovery for liver diseases, and the low gene-targeting efficiency in human iPSCs warrants further improvement. Using iPSC lines from patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, for which there is currently no drug or gene therapy available, we established a platform to discover new drug candidates and correct disease-causing mutation with a high efficiency. A high-throughput format screening assay, based on our hepatic differentiation protocol, was implemented to facilitate automated quantification of cellular AAT accumulation using a 96-well immunofluorescence reader. To expedite the eventual application of lead compounds to patients, we conducted drug screening utilizing our established library of clinical compounds (the Johns Hopkins Drug Library) with extensive safety profiles. Through a blind large-scale drug screening, five clinical drugs were identified to reduce AAT accumulation in diverse patient iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells. In addition, using the recently developed transcription activator-like effector nuclease technology, we achieved high gene-targeting efficiency in AAT-deficiency patient iPSCs with 25%-33% of the clones demonstrating simultaneous targeting at both diseased alleles. The hepatocyte-like cells derived from the gene-corrected iPSCs were functional without the mutant AAT accumulation. This highly efficient and cost-effective targeting technology will broadly benefit both basic and translational applications. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the feasibility of effective large-scale drug screening using an iPSC-based disease model and highly robust gene targeting in human iPSCs, both of which are critical for translating the iPSC technology into novel therapies for untreatable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mi Choi
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yonghak Kim
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Department of Surgery and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Rui-Hong Wang
- Genetics of Development and Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven D Leach
- Department of Surgery and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jun O. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Genetics of Development and Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhaohui Ye
- Institute for Cell Engineering. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author: Zhaohui Ye, Ph.D., Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, , Yoon-Young Jang, M.D., Ph.D., Stem Cell Biology Program, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA, Office (410)-502-8195, Fax (410)-502-5742,
| | - Yoon-Young Jang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Institute for Cell Engineering. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author: Zhaohui Ye, Ph.D., Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, , Yoon-Young Jang, M.D., Ph.D., Stem Cell Biology Program, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA, Office (410)-502-8195, Fax (410)-502-5742,
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55
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Sohn YD, Somasuntharam I, Che PL, Jayswal R, Murthy N, Davis ME, Yoon YS. Induction of pluripotency in bone marrow mononuclear cells via polyketal nanoparticle-mediated delivery of mature microRNAs. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4235-41. [PMID: 23489923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the successful generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from adult somatic cells using integrating-viral methods, various methods have been tried for iPSC generation using non-viral and non-integrating technique for clinical applications. Recently, various non-viral approaches such as protein, mRNA, microRNA, and small molecule transduction were developed to avoid genomic integration and generate stem cell-like cells from mouse and human fibroblasts. Despite these successes, there has been no successful generation of iPSC from bone marrow (BM)-derived hematopoietic cells derived using non-viral methods to date. Previous reports demonstrate the ability of polymeric micro and nanoparticles made from polyketals to deliver various molecules to macrophages. MicroRNA-loaded nanoparticles were created using the polyketal polymer PK3 (PK3-miR) and delivered to somatic cells for 6 days, resulting in the formation of colonies. Isolated cells from these colonies were assayed and substantial induction of the pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog were detected. Moreover, colonies transferred to feeder layers also stained positive for pluripotency markers including SSEA-1. Here, we demonstrate successful activation of pluripotency-associated genes in mouse BM-mononuclear cells using embryonic stem cell (ESC)-specific microRNAs encapsulated in the acid sensitive polyketal PK3. These reprogramming results demonstrate that a polyketal-microRNA delivery vehicle can be used to generate various reprogrammed cells without permanent genetic manipulation in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Doug Sohn
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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56
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Hayes M, Curley G, Ansari B, Laffey JG. Clinical review: Stem cell therapies for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome - hope or hype? CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:205. [PMID: 22424108 PMCID: PMC3681334 DOI: 10.1186/cc10570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing understanding of the complexity of the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coupled with advances in stem cell biology, has led to a renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of stem cells for this devastating disease. Mesenchymal stem cells appear closest to clinical translation, given the evidence that they may favourably modulate the immune response to reduce lung injury, while maintaining host immune-competence and also facilitating lung regeneration and repair. The demonstration that human mesenchymal stem cells exert benefit in the endotoxin-injured human lung is particularly persuasive. Endothelial progenitor cells also demonstrate promise in reducing endothelial damage, which is a key pathophysiological feature of ALI. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are at an earlier stage in the translational process, but offer the hope of directly replacing injured lung tissue. The lung itself also contains endogenous stem cells, which may ultimately offer the greatest hope for lung diseases, given their physiologic role in replacing and regenerating native lung tissues. However, significant deficits remain in our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of action of stem cells, their efficacy in relevant pre-clinical models, and their safety, particularly in critically ill patients. These gaps need to be addressed before the enormous therapeutic potential of stem cells for ALI/ARDS can be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Hayes
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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57
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Rezanejad H, Matin MM. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Progress and Future Perspectives in the Stem Cell World. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:459-70. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Rezanejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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58
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Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great hopes for therapeutic application in various diseases. Although ongoing research is dedicated to achieving clinical translation of iPSCs, further understanding of the mechanisms that underlie complex pathogenic conditions is required. Compared with other classical models for studying diseases, iPSCs provide considerable advantages. A newly emerging application of iPSCs is in vitro disease modeling, which can significantly improve the never-ending search for new pharmacological cures. Here, we will discuss current efforts to create iPSC-dependent patient-specific disease models. Furthermore, we will review the use of iPSCs for development and testing of new therapeutic agents and the implications for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje D. Ebert
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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59
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Sharkis SJ, Jones RJ, Civin C, Jang YY. Pluripotent stem cell-based cancer therapy: promise and challenges. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:127ps9. [PMID: 22461639 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has generated enthusiasm about the therapeutic potential of these cells for treating a variety of diseases. However, the evidence that they actually will be clinically useful is limited. Here, we discuss the potential therapeutic applications of iPSCs for treating cancer and other diseases and highlight the current barriers restricting their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J Sharkis
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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60
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Abstract
CVD irreversibly damage the cardiomyocytes, the heart muscle cells. This loss triggers a cascade of detrimental events, including formation of scar tissue, an overload of blood flow and pressure capacity, the overstretching of viable cardiac cells, leading to heart failure and eventual death. Restoring damaged heart muscle tissue, through repair or regeneration, is a potentially new strategy to treat heart failure and various other CVD. Stem cells are promising new therapeutics for patients with different heart diseases. The remarkable proliferative and differentiation capacity of stem cells promises an unlimited supply of specific cell types including viable functioning heart muscle cells. A crucial issue in designing more rational cell-based therapy approaches for cardiac disease is understanding the mechanisms by which each of the stem cell or progenitor-cell types can affect myocardial performance. This paper will highlight findings of multiple preliminary clinical experiments involving stem cells as therapeutics, educate the reader on the incidence and prevalence of CVD, the risk factors associated with CVD, and explore some of the challenges that can be encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita J Hotkar
- The Milano School of Management and Urban Policy, New School University, 72 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10011, USA.
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61
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Petrakova OS, Chernioglo ES, Terskikh VV, Kalistratova EN, Vasiliev AV. The use of cellular technologies in treatment of liver pathologies. Acta Naturae 2012; 4:16-30. [PMID: 23150801 PMCID: PMC3491890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell techniques find increasing application in modern clinical practice. The II and III phases of clinical trials are already under way for various cellular products used for the restoration of the functions of the cornea, larynx, skin, etc. However, the obtainment of functional cell types specific to different organs and tissues still remains a subject of laboratory research. Liver is one of the most important organs; the problems and prospects of cellular therapy for liver pathologies are currently being actively studied. Cellular therapy of liver pathologies is a complex multistage process requiring a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring in liver cells during differentiation and regeneration. An analysis of the current cellular therapy for liver pathologies is presented, the use of various cell types is described, the main molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte differentiation are analyzed, and the challenges and prospects of cell therapy for liver disorders are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Petrakova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, Moscow, Russia, 119334
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62
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Shinozawa T, Imahashi K, Sawada H, Furukawa H, Takami K. Determination of appropriate stage of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for drug screening and pharmacological evaluation in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:1192-203. [PMID: 22706346 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112449864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) at different stages (approximate days 30, 60, and 90) were used to determine the appropriate stage for functional and morphological assessment of drug effects in vitro. The hiPS-CMs had spontaneous beating activity, and β-adrenergic function was comparable in all stages of differentiation. Microelectrode array analyses using ion channel blockers indicated that the electrophysiological properties of these ion channels were comparable at all differentiation stages. Ultrastructural analysis using electron microscopy showed that myofibrillar structures at days 60 and 90 were similarly distributed and more mature than that at day 30. Analysis of motion vectors in contracting cells showed that the velocity of contraction was the highest at day 90 and was the most mature among the three stages. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that expression of some genes related to myofilament and sarcoplasmic reticulum increased with maturation of morphological and contractile properties. In conclusion, day 30 cardiomyocytes are useful for basic screening such as the assessment of electrophysiological properties, and days 60 and 90 are the appropriate differentiation stage for morphological assays. For the assay of contractile function associated with subcellular components such as sarcoplasmic reticulum, day 90 cardiomyocytes are the most suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Shinozawa
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan.
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63
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The promise of human induced pluripotent stem cells in dental research. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:423868. [PMID: 22654919 PMCID: PMC3357626 DOI: 10.1155/2012/423868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for treating genetic disorders has become an interesting field of research in recent years. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the applicability of induced pluripotent stem cells in dental research. Recent advances in the use of induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential for developing disease-specific iPSC lines in vitro from patients. Indeed, this has provided a perfect cell source for disease modeling and a better understanding of genetic aberrations, pathogenicity, and drug screening. In this paper, we will summarize the recent progress of the disease-specific iPSC development for various human diseases and try to evaluate the possibility of application of iPS technology in dentistry, including its capacity for reprogramming some genetic orodental diseases. In addition to the easy availability and suitability of dental stem cells, the approach of generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells will undoubtedly benefit patients suffering from orodental disorders.
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64
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Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived hepatocytes: rising promise for disease modeling, drug development and cell therapy. Protein Cell 2012; 3:246-50. [PMID: 22441839 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the study of human hepatocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) represent new promises for liver disease study and drug discovery. Human hepatocytes or hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from iPSC recapitulate many functional properties of primary human hepatocytes and have been demonstrated as a powerful and efficient tool to model human liver metabolic diseases and facilitate drug development process. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in this field and discuss the future perspective of the application of human iPSC derived hepatocytes.
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65
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Wei Y, Zeng W, Wan R, Wang J, Zhou Q, Qiu S, Singh SR. Chondrogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells from osteoarthritic chondrocytes in alginate matrix. Eur Cell Mater 2012; 23:1-12. [PMID: 22241609 PMCID: PMC7447074 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v023a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to revolutionise cell therapy; however, it remains unclear whether iPSCs can be generated from human osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OCs) and subsequently induced to differentiate into chondrocytes. In the present study, we investigated the differentiation potential of OCs into iPSCs using defined transcription factors and explored the possibility of using these OC-derived iPSCs for chondrogenesis. Our study demonstrates that iPSCs can be generated from OCs and that these iPSCs are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). To promote chondrogenic differentiation, we used lentivirus to transduce iPSCs seeded in alginate matrix with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and then in vitro co-cultured these iPSCs with chondrocytes. Gene expression analysis showed that this combinational strategy promotes the differentiation of the established iPSCs into chondrocytes in alginate matrix. Increased expression of cartilage-related genes, including collagen II, aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and decreased gene expression of the degenerative cartilage marker, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were observed. The histological results revealed a dense sulphated extracellular matrix in the co-culture of TGF-β1-transfected iPSCs with chondrocytes in alginate matrix. Additionally, in vivo chondroinductive activity was also evaluated. Histological examination revealed that more new cartilage was formed in the co-culture of TGF-β1-transfected iPSCs with chondrocytes in alginate matrix. Taken together, our data indicate that iPSCs can be generated from OCs by defined factors and the combinational strategy results in significantly improved chondrogenesis of OC-derived iPSCs. This work adds to our understanding of potential solutions to osteoarthritic cell replacement problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Address for correspondence: Yiyong Wei, Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China, Telephone Number: 86-21-64370045-663538, ; Alternatively: Shree Ram Singh,
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijing Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Bone and Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA,Address for correspondence: Yiyong Wei, Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China, Telephone Number: 86-21-64370045-663538, ; Alternatively: Shree Ram Singh,
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66
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Sohn YD, Han JW, Yoon YS. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 111:1-26. [PMID: 22917224 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398459-3.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The technology for generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) from somatic cells emerged to circumvent the ethical and immunological limitations of embryonic stem cell (ESC). The recent progress of iPSC technology offers an unprecedented tool for regenerative medicine; however, integrating viral-driven iPSCs prohibits clinical applications by their genetic alterations and tumorigenicity. Various approaches including nonintegrating, nonviral, and nongenetic methods have been developed for generating clinically compatible iPSCs. In addition, approaches for using more clinically convenient or compatible source cells replacing fibroblasts have been actively pursued. While iPSC and ESC closely resemble in genomic, cell biologic, and phenotypic characteristics, these two pluripotent stem cells are not identical in terms of differentiation capacity and epigenetic features. In this chapter, we deal with the current techniques of generating iPSCs and their various characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Doug Sohn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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67
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Abstract
Cell therapies, which include bioartificial liver support and hepatocyte transplantation, have emerged as potential treatments for a variety of liver diseases. Acute liver failure, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and inherited metabolic liver diseases are examples of liver diseases that have been successfully treated with cell therapies at centers around the world. Cell therapies also have the potential to be widely applied to other liver diseases, including noninherited liver diseases and liver cancer, and to improve the success of liver transplantation. Here we briefly summarize current concepts of cell therapy for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - James E. Fisher
- Department of Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joseph B. Lillegard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian Rodysill
- Department of Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Scott L. Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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68
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Ye Z, Liu CF, Jang YY. Hematopoietic cells as sources for patient-specific iPSCs and disease modeling. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:2840-4. [PMID: 21857158 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.17.17180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to being an attractive source for cell replacement therapy, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) also have great potential for disease modeling and drug development. During the recent several years, cell reprogramming technologies have evolved to generate virus-free and integration-free human iPSCs from easily accessible sources such as patient skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood samples. Hematopoietic cells from umbilical cord blood banks and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) immortalized B lymphocyte repositories represent alternative sources for human genetic materials of diverse backgrounds. Ability to reprogram these banked blood cells to pluripotency and differentiate them into a variety of specialized and functional cell types provides valuable tools for studying underlying mechanisms of a broad range of diseases including rare inherited disorders. Here we describe the recent advances in generating disease specific human iPSCs from these different types of hematopoietic cells and their potential applications in disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ye
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Meeting Report: American Aging Association 40th Annual Meeting, Raleigh, North Carolina, June 3–6, 2011. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:449-55. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cai W, Zhang Y, Kamp TJ. Imaging of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: From Cellular Reprogramming to Transplantation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2011; 1:18-28. [PMID: 21841970 PMCID: PMC3155258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Successful reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era of regenerative medicine. Human iPSCs provide powerful new approaches for disease modeling, drug testing, developmental studies, and therapeutic applications. Investigating iPSC behavior in vivo and the ultimate feasibility of cell transplantation therapy necessitates the development of novel imaging techniques to longitudinally monitor iPSC localization, proliferation, integration, and differentiation in living subjects. At this five year mark of initial iPSC discovery, we review the current status of imaging iPSCs which ranges from in vitro studies, where imaging was used to study the processes/mechanisms of cellular reprogramming, to in vivo imaging of the survival of transplanted cells. To date, most imaging studies of iPSCs have been based on optical techniques, which include fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging. Since each imaging technique has its advantages and limitations, a combination of multiple imaging modalities may provide complementary information. The ideal imaging approach for tracking iPSCs or their derivatives in patients requires the imaging tag to be non-toxic, biocompatible, and highly specific to reduce perturbation of these cells. In few other scenarios can "personalized medicine" be better illustrated than the use of individual patient-specific iPSCs. Much future effort will be required before this can become a reality and clinical routine, where imaging will play an indispensible role in many facets of iPSC-based research and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yin Zhang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy J. Kamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA
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Choi SM, Kim Y, Liu H, Chaudhari P, Ye Z, Jang YY. Liver engraftment potential of hepatic cells derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:2423-7. [PMID: 21750407 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.15.16869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are potential renewable sources of hepatocytes for drug development and cell therapy. Differentiation of human iPSCs into different developmental stages of hepatic cells has been achieved and improved during the last several years. We have recently demonstrated the liver engraftment and regenerative capabilities of human iPSC-derived multistage hepatic cells in vivo. Here we describe the in vitro and in vivo activities of hepatic cells derived from patient specific iPSCs, including multiple lines established from either inherited or acquired liver diseases, and discuss basic and clinical applications of these cells for disease modeling, drug screening and discovery, gene therapy and cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mi Choi
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kumar A, Pati NT, Sarin SK. Use of stem cells for liver diseases-current scenario. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2011; 1:17-26. [PMID: 25755306 PMCID: PMC3940313 DOI: 10.1016/s0973-6883(11)60114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage liver disease and liver failure are major health problems worldwide leading to high mortality and morbidity and high healthcare costs. Currently, orthotropic liver transplantation is the only effective treatment available to the patients of end-stage liver disease. However, a serious shortage of liver donors, high cost, and risk of organ rejection are the major obstacles to liver transplantation. Because of the ability of stem cells for differentiation into any tissue type, they have huge potential in therapy of various end-stage or degenerative diseases and traumatic injuries. Stem cell therapy has the potential to provide a valuable adjunct and alternative to liver transplantation and has immense potential in the management of end stage liver disease and liver failure. Stem cell therapy can be mediated by either a direct contribution to the functional hepatocyte population with embryonic, induced pluripotent, or adult stem cells or by promotion of endogenous regenerative processes with bone marrow-derived stem cells. Initial translational studies have been encouraging and have suggested improved liver function in advanced chronic liver disease and enhanced liver regeneration after portal vein embolization and partial hepatic resection. Stem cells infusion in cirrhotic patients has improved liver parameters and could form a viable bridge to transplantation. The present review summarizes basic of stem cell biology relevant to clinicians and an update on recent advances on the management of liver diseases using stem cells.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha (α)-fetoprotein
- BM, bone marrow
- EPCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- ES, embryonic stem
- FSCs, fetal stem cells
- HPC, hepatic progenitor cells
- HSC, hematopoietic stem cells
- Hepatocyte transplantation
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule
- UCB, umbilical cord blood
- hAECs, human amniotic epithelial cells
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- liver transplantation
- stem cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, India
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr Ashish Kumar MD DM, Associate Professor, Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070, India
| | - Nirupama Trehan Pati
- Department of Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, India
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Reprogramming of EBV-immortalized B-lymphocyte cell lines into induced pluripotent stem cells. Blood 2011; 118:1801-5. [PMID: 21628406 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-340620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV-immortalized B lymphocyte cell lines have been widely banked for studying a variety of diseases, including rare genetic disorders. These cell lines represent an important resource for disease modeling with the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. Here we report the generation of iPSCs from EBV-immortalized B-cell lines derived from multiple inherited disease patients via a nonviral method. The reprogramming method for the EBV cell lines involves a distinct protocol compared with that of patient fibroblasts. The B-cell line-derived iPSCs expressed pluripotency markers, retained the inherited mutation and the parental V(D)J rearrangement profile, and differentiated into all 3 germ layer cell types. There was no integration of the reprogramming-related transgenes or the EBV-associated genes in these iPSCs. The ability to reprogram the widely banked patient B-cell lines will offer an unprecedented opportunity to generate human disease models and provide novel drug therapies.
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