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The contribution of ketone bodies to glycolytic inhibition for the treatment of adult and pediatric glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:317-326. [PMID: 32096068 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most lethal primary brain tumors in children and adults. Targeting tumor metabolism has emerged as a promising-targeted therapeutic strategy for GBM and characteristically resistant GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). METHODS Gene expression data was obtained from the online patient-histology database, GlioVis. GSC mitochondria morphology was examined by TEM. Cell viability and effect on GSC self-renewal was determined via MTS assay and neurosphere assay, respectively. Proteins were evaluated by Western Blot. RESULTS Enzymes necessary for ketone catabolism (BDH1, OXCT1 and ACAT1) are significantly downregulated in adult and pediatric GBM. GSC mitochondrial ultrastructure suggested defects in oxidative phosphorylation. Treatment of both GBM and GSC cell lines resulted in dose-dependent decreases in viability in response to glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), and ketone body Acetoacetate (AA), but not β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). AA induced apoptosis was confirmed by western blot analysis, indicating robust caspase activation and PARP cleavage. AA reduced neurosphere formation at concentrations as low as 1 mM. Combined treatment of low dose 2-DG (50 μM) with AA resulted in more cell death than either treatment alone. The effect was greater than additive at low concentrations of AA, reducing viability approximately 50% at 1 mM AA. AA was found to directly upregulate mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may explain this potential drug synergism via multi-faceted inhibition of the glycolytic pathway. CONCLUSION Targeting the metabolic pathway of GBM via glycolytic inhibition in conjunction with ketogenic diet or exogenous ketone body supplementation warrants further investigation as a promising adjunctive treatment to conventional therapy.
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102
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Weber DD, Vidali S, Catalano L, Kofler B, Feichtinger RG. From old to new - Repurposing drugs to target mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 98:211-223. [PMID: 31145995 PMCID: PMC7613924 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although we have entered the era of personalized medicine and tailored therapies, drugs that target a large variety of cancers regardless of individual patient differences would be a major advance nonetheless. This review article summarizes current concepts and therapeutic opportunities in the area of targeting aerobic mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. Old drugs previously used for diseases other than cancer, such as antibiotics and antidiabetics, have the potential to inhibit the growth of various tumor entities. Many drugs are reported to influence mitochondrial metabolism. However, here we consider only those drugs which predominantly inhibit oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D. Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silvia Vidali
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Corresponding author at: Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner-Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. (B. Kofler)
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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103
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Snaebjornsson MT, Janaki-Raman S, Schulze A. Greasing the Wheels of the Cancer Machine: The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cell Metab 2020; 31:62-76. [PMID: 31813823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is among the most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer. Enhanced synthesis or uptake of lipids contributes to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor formation. Lipids are a highly complex group of biomolecules that not only constitute the structural basis of biological membranes but also function as signaling molecules and an energy source. Here, we summarize recent evidence implicating altered lipid metabolism in different aspects of the cancer phenotype and discuss potential strategies by which targeting lipid metabolism could provide a therapeutic window for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marteinn Thor Snaebjornsson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sudha Janaki-Raman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Almut Schulze
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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104
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Bi J, Chowdhry S, Wu S, Zhang W, Masui K, Mischel PS. Altered cellular metabolism in gliomas - an emerging landscape of actionable co-dependency targets. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:57-70. [PMID: 31806884 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of gliomas. Propelled by a set of recent technological advances, new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma metabolism are rapidly emerging. In this Review, we focus on the dynamic nature of glioma metabolism and how it is shaped by the interaction between tumour genotype and brain microenvironment. Recent advances integrating metabolomics with genomics are discussed, yielding new insight into the mechanisms that drive glioma pathogenesis. Studies that shed light on interactions between the tumour microenvironment and tumour genotype are highlighted, providing important clues as to how gliomas respond to and adapt to their changing tissue and biochemical contexts. Finally, a road map for the discovery of potential new glioma drug targets is suggested, with the goal of translating these new insights about glioma metabolism into clinical benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Bi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sudhir Chowdhry
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sihan Wu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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105
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Jung E, Alfonso J, Osswald M, Monyer H, Wick W, Winkler F. Emerging intersections between neuroscience and glioma biology. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:1951-1960. [PMID: 31719671 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal and glial networks in the brain depends on the activities of neural progenitors, which are influenced by cell-intrinsic mechanisms, interactions with the local microenvironment and long-range signaling. Progress in neuroscience has helped identify key factors in CNS development. In parallel, studies in recent years have increased our understanding of molecular and cellular factors in the development and growth of primary brain tumors. To thrive, glioma cells exploit pathways that are active in normal CNS progenitor cells, as well as in normal neurotransmitter signaling. Furthermore, tumor cells of incurable gliomas integrate into communicating multicellular networks, where they are interconnected through neurite-like cellular protrusions. In this Review, we discuss evidence that CNS development, organization and function share a number of common features with glioma progression and malignancy. These include mechanisms used by cells to proliferate and migrate, interact with their microenvironment and integrate into multicellular networks. The emerging intersections between the fields of neuroscience and neuro-oncology considered in this review point to new research directions and novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Jung
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julieta Alfonso
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Osswald
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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106
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Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is common in glioblastoma, but its role in tumorigenesis is not well understood. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Duman et al. (2019) provide new insight into this process, demonstrating that acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) drives glioblastoma growth by promoting mitochondrial long fatty acyl-CoA accumulation and β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Bi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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