101
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Sirbu D, Woodford OJ, Benniston AC, Harriman A. Photocatalysis and self-catalyzed photobleaching with covalently-linked chromophore-quencher conjugates built around BOPHY. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:750-762. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00162f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two Chromophore-Quencher Conjugates (CQCs) have been synthesized by covalent attachment of the anti-oxidant dibutylated-hydroxytoluene (BHT) to a pyrrole-BF2 chromophore (BOPHY) in an effort to protect the latter against photofading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru Sirbu
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences (Chemistry)
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Owen J. Woodford
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences (Chemistry)
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Andrew C. Benniston
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences (Chemistry)
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences (Chemistry)
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
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102
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Phototransformation of cyanine dye with two chromophores. Effects of oxygen and dye concentration. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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103
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Oxalate-curcumin-based probe for micro- and macroimaging of reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12384-12389. [PMID: 29109280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706248114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that has a progression that is closely associated with oxidative stress. It has long been speculated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in AD brains is much higher than that in healthy brains. However, evidence from living beings is scarce. Inspired by the "chemistry of glow stick," we designed a near-IR fluorescence (NIRF) imaging probe, termed CRANAD-61, for sensing ROS to provide evidence at micro- and macrolevels. In CRANAD-61, an oxalate moiety was utilized to react with ROS and to consequentially produce wavelength shifting. Our in vitro data showed that CRANAD-61 was highly sensitive and rapidly responsive to various ROS. On reacting with ROS, its excitation and emission wavelengths significantly shifted to short wavelengths, and this shifting could be harnessed for dual-color two-photon imaging and transformative NIRF imaging. In this report, we showed that CRANAD-61 could be used to identify "active" amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) surrounded by high ROS levels with two-photon imaging (microlevel) and to provide relative total ROS concentrations in AD brains via whole-brain NIRF imaging (macrolevel). Lastly, we showed that age-related increases in ROS levels in AD brains could be monitored with our NIRF imaging method. We believe that our imaging with CRANAD-61 could provide evidence of ROS at micro- and macrolevels and could be used for monitoring ROS changes under various AD pathological conditions and during drug treatment.
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104
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Freidus LG, Pradeep P, Kumar P, Choonara YE, Pillay V. Alternative fluorophores designed for advanced molecular imaging. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:115-133. [PMID: 29111179 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent molecular imaging has advanced drastically over the past decade. With the development of high-resolution microscopy techniques and the ability to visualize intracellular molecular events, there is a growing need for new fluorophores to accompany these fast-developing techniques. Therefore, there has been substantial development of alternative fluorophores for single-molecule detection and molecular imaging. These rationally designed fluorophores have infinite possibilities and novel fluorophores are constantly being produced for different applications. This review focuses on the recent developments in novel fluorophores designed for molecular imaging and single-molecule detection. Here, single-molecule imaging, smart fluorescent probes, two-photon microscopy, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and super-resolution microscopy are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara G Freidus
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Priyamvada Pradeep
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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105
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Glembockyte V, Cosa G. Redox-Based Photostabilizing Agents in Fluorescence Imaging: The Hidden Role of Intersystem Crossing in Geminate Radical Ion Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13227-13233. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Glembockyte
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 801
Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 801
Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
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106
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Zheng Q, Lavis LD. Development of photostable fluorophores for molecular imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 39:32-38. [PMID: 28544971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in fluorescence microscopy promise to unlock details of biological systems with high spatiotemporal precision. These new techniques also place a heavy demand on the 'photon budget'-the number of photons one can extract from a sample. Improving the photostability of small molecule fluorophores using chemistry is a straightforward method for increasing the photon budget. Here, we review the (sometimes sparse) efforts to understand the mechanism of fluorophore photobleaching and recent advances to improve photostability through reducing the propensity for oxidation or through intramolecular triplet-state quenching. Our intent is to inspire a more thorough mechanistic investigation of photobleaching and the use of precise chemistry to improve fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsi Zheng
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
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107
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Abstract
This review describes the growing partnership between super-resolution imaging and plasmonics, by describing the various ways in which the two topics mutually benefit one another to enhance our understanding of the nanoscale world. First, localization-based super-resolution imaging strategies, where molecules are modulated between emissive and nonemissive states and their emission localized, are applied to plasmonic nanoparticle substrates, revealing the hidden shape of the nanoparticles while also mapping local electromagnetic field enhancements and reactivity patterns on their surface. However, these results must be interpreted carefully due to localization errors induced by the interaction between metallic substrates and single fluorophores. Second, plasmonic nanoparticles are explored as image contrast agents for both superlocalization and super-resolution imaging, offering benefits such as high photostability, large signal-to-noise, and distance-dependent spectral features but presenting challenges for localizing individual nanoparticles within a diffraction-limited spot. Finally, the use of plasmon-tailored excitation fields to achieve subdiffraction-limited spatial resolution is discussed, using localized surface plasmons and surface plasmon polaritons to create confined excitation volumes or image magnification to enhance spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Padmanabh B Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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108
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Ferrauto G, Carniato F, Di Gregorio E, Tei L, Botta M, Aime S. Large photoacoustic effect enhancement for ICG confined inside MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:99-103. [PMID: 27934996 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Indocyanine green was encapsulated inside the pores of pegylated amino-functionalized MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (ICG-MSNs). In addition to a greater stability and a decrease of toxicity, the photoacoustic effect of ICG-MSNs increases by nearly 400% compared to free ICG due to fluorescence quenching and high photothermal conversion of the encapsulated dyes. Upon i.v. administration in tumor-bearing mice, an overall photoacoustic enhancement of ca. 25% was measured in the tumor region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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109
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Hernandez R, Heskamp S, Rijpkema M, Bos DL, Goldenberg DM, McBride WJ, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Cai W, Boerman OC. Preventing Radiobleaching of Cyanine Fluorophores Enhances Stability of Nuclear/NIRF Multimodality Imaging Agents. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1-8. [PMID: 28042311 PMCID: PMC5196880 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the large interest in nuclear/optical multimodality imaging, the effect of radiation on the fluorescence of fluorophores remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report on the radiobleaching of cyanine fluorophores and describe conditions to provide robust radioprotection under practical (pre)clinical settings. We determined the radiosensitivity of several cyanine fluorescent compounds, including IRDye 800CW (800CW) and a dual modality imaging tetrapeptide containing DOTA as chelator and Dylight 800 as fluorophore, exposed to increasing activities of 111In, 68Ga, or 213Bi (γ, EC/β, and α emitter, respectively). An activity and type of radiation-dependent radiation-induced loss of fluorescence, radiobleaching, of 800CW was observed upon incubation with escalating activities of 111In, 68Ga, or 213Bi. 68Ga showed the largest radiolytic effect, followed by 111In and 213Bi. The addition of oxygen radical scavengers including ethanol, gentisic acid, and ascorbic acid (AA), provided a concentration dependent radioprotective effect. These results supported the hypothesis of a free radical-mediated radiobleaching mechanism. AA provided the most robust radioprotection over a wide range of concentrations and preserved fluorescence at much higher radioactivity levels. Overall, both near-infrared fluorescent compounds displayed similar sensitivity, except for 213Bi-irradiated solutions, where the dual modality construct exhibited enhanced radiolysis, presumably due to direct radiation damage from α particles. Concurrently, AA was not able to preserve fluorescence of the dual-modality molecule labeled with 213Bi. Our findings have important consequences for several research areas including ROS sensing, radiation-mediated drug release (uncaging), fluorescent dosimetry, and in the preparation of dual-modality radiopharmaceuticals.
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110
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Glembockyte V, Lin J, Cosa G. Improving the Photostability of Red- and Green-Emissive Single-Molecule Fluorophores via Ni2+ Mediated Excited Triplet-State Quenching. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11923-11929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Glembockyte
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Junan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
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111
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Ostrowski PP, Fairn GD, Grinstein S, Johnson DE. Cresyl violet: a superior fluorescent lysosomal marker. Traffic 2016; 17:1313-1321. [PMID: 27621028 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized cresyl violet as a membrane-permeant fluorophore that localizes to lysosomes and acidic vacuoles of budding yeast, Drosophila, human, murine and canine cells. An acidotropic weak base, cresyl violet is shown to be virtually insensitive to physiological alkali and divalent cations. Because of its unique spectral properties, it can be used in combination with green, red and far-red fluorophores, is less susceptible to photobleaching than alternative acidotropic probes, and does not undergo photoconversion. At concentrations that yield bright labeling of acidic compartments, cresyl violet does not alter the organellar pH nor does it affect the buffering capacity. Its affordability, together with its chemical and spectral properties, make cresyl violet a superior lysosomal marker devoid of many of the negative characteristics associated with other lysosomal probes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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112
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Gorka AP, Schnermann MJ. Harnessing cyanine photooxidation: from slowing photobleaching to near-IR uncaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 33:117-25. [PMID: 27348157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Light provides a uniquely powerful stimulus to help visualize and/or perturb biological systems. The use of tissue penetrant near-IR wavelengths enables in vivo applications, however the design of molecules that function in this range remains a substantial challenge. Heptamethine cyanine fluorophores are already important tools for near-IR optical imaging. These molecules are susceptible to photobleaching through a photooxidative cleavage reaction. This review details efforts to define the mechanism of this reaction and two emerging fields closely tied to this process. In the first, efforts that slow photooxidation enable the creation of photobleaching resistant fluorophores. In the second, cyanine photooxidation has recently been employed as the cornerstone of a near-IR uncaging strategy. This review seeks to highlight the utility of mechanistic organic chemistry insights to help tailor cyanine scaffolds for new, and previously intractable, biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Gorka
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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113
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Vijayan VM, Shenoy SJ, Victor SP, Muthu J. Stimulus responsive nanogel with innate near IR fluorescent capability for drug delivery and bioimaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:84-96. [PMID: 27262258 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A brighter, non toxic and biocompatible optical imaging agent is one of the major quests of biomedical research. Here in, we report a photoluminescent comacromer [PEG-poly(propylene fumarate)-citric acid-glycine] and novel stimulus (pH) responsive nanogel endowed with excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence (EDF) for combined drug delivery and bioimaging applications. The comacromer when excited at different wavelengths in visible region from 400nm to 640nm exhibits fluorescent emissions from 510nm to 718nm in aqueous condition. It has high Stokes shift (120nm), fluorescent lifetime (7 nanoseconds) and quantum yield (50%). The nanogel, C-PLM-NG, prepared with this photoluminescent comacromer and N,N-dimethyl amino ethylmethacrylate (DMEMA) has spherical morphology with particle size around 100nm and 180nm at pH 7.4 (physiological) and 5.5 (intracellular acidic condition of cancer cells) respectively. The studies on fluorescence characteristics of C-PLM NG in aqueous condition reveal large red-shift with emissions from 523nm to 700nm for excitations from 460nm to 600nm ascertaining the EDF characteristics. Imaging the near IR emission with excitation at 535nm was accomplished using cut-off filters. The nanogel undergoes pH responsive swelling and releases around 50% doxorubicin (DOX) at pH 5.5 in comparison with 15% observed at pH 7.4. The studies on in vitro cytotoxicity with MTT assay and hemolysis revealed that the present nanogel is non-toxic. The DOX-loaded C-PLM-NG encapsulated in Hela cells induces lysis of cancer cells. The inherent EDF characteristics associated with C-PLM NG enable cellular imaging of Hela cells. The studies on biodistribution and clearance mechanism of C-PLM-NG from the body of mice reveal bioimaging capability and safety of the present nanogel. This is the first report on a polymeric nanogel with innate near IR emissions for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth M Vijayan
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Sachin J Shenoy
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Division of In vivo models and Testing, BMT Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Sunita P Victor
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Jayabalan Muthu
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India.
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114
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García-López V, Jeffet J, Kuwahara S, Martí AA, Ebenstein Y, Tour JM. Synthesis and Photostability of Unimolecular Submersible Nanomachines: Toward Single-Molecule Tracking in Solution. Org Lett 2016; 18:2343-6. [PMID: 27124281 PMCID: PMC4877667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
synthesis and photophysical properties of a series of photostable
unimolecular submersible nanomachines (USNs) are reported as a first
step toward the analysis of their trajectories in solution. The USNs
have a light-driven rotatory motor for propulsion in solution and
photostable cy5-COT fluorophores for their tracking. These cy5-COT
fluorophores are found to provide an almost 2-fold increase in photostability
compared to the previous USN versions and do not affect the rotation
of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Jeffet
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shunsuke Kuwahara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University , 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | | | - Yuval Ebenstein
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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115
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Zhuang X, Ma X, Xue X, Jiang Q, Song L, Dai L, Zhang C, Jin S, Yang K, Ding B, Wang PC, Liang XJ. A Photosensitizer-Loaded DNA Origami Nanosystem for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3486-95. [PMID: 26950644 PMCID: PMC4837698 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers an alternative for cancer treatment by using ultraviolet or visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer and molecular oxygen, which can produce highly reactive oxygen species that ultimately leading to the ablation of tumor cells by multifactorial mechanisms. However, this technique is limited by the penetration depth of incident light, the hypoxic environment of solid tumors, and the vulnerability of photobleaching reduces the efficiency of many imaging agents. In this work, we reported a cellular level dual-functional imaging and PDT nanosystem BMEPC-loaded DNA origami for photodynamic therapy with high efficiency and stable photoreactive property. The carbazole derivative BMEPC is a one- and two-photon imaging agent and photosensitizer with large two-photon absorption cross section, which can be fully excited by near-infrared light, and is also capable of destroying targets under anaerobic condition by generating reactive intermediates of Type I photodynamic reactions. However, the application of BMEPC was restricted by its poor solubility in aqueous environment and its aggregation caused quenching. We observed BMEPC-loaded DNA origami effectively reduced the photobleaching of BMEPC within cells. Upon binding to DNA origami, the intramolecular rotation of BMEPC became proper restricted, which intensify fluorescence emission and radicals production when being excited. After the BMEPC-loaded DNA origami are taken up by tumor cells, upon irradiation, BMEPC could generate free radicals and be released due to DNA photocleavage as well as the following partially degradation. Apoptosis was then induced by the generation of free radicals. This functional nanosystem provides an insight into the design of photosensitizer-loaded DNA origami for effective intracellular imaging and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Corresponding Authors: .
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Linlin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Luru Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shubin Jin
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Keni Yang
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Paul C. Wang
- Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 24205, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Corresponding Authors: .
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116
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da Silva EFF, Pimenta FM, Pedersen BW, Blaikie FH, Bosio GN, Breitenbach T, Westberg M, Bregnhøj M, Etzerodt M, Arnaut LG, Ogilby PR. Intracellular singlet oxygen photosensitizers: on the road to solving the problems of sensitizer degradation, bleaching and relocalization. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:177-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F. F. da Silva
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico M. Pimenta
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Brian W. Pedersen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Frances H. Blaikie
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Gabriela N. Bosio
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, sucursal 4 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Thomas Breitenbach
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Westberg
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Etzerodt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
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117
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Kumamoto Y, Fujita K, Smith NI, Kawata S. Deep-UV biological imaging by lanthanide ion molecular protection. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:158-70. [PMID: 26819825 PMCID: PMC4722900 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Deep-UV (DUV) light is a sensitive probe for biological molecules such as nucleobases and aromatic amino acids due to specific absorption. However, the use of DUV light for imaging is limited because DUV can destroy or denature target molecules in a sample. Here we show that trivalent ions in the lanthanide group can suppress molecular photodegradation under DUV exposure, enabling a high signal-to-noise ratio and repetitive DUV imaging of nucleobases in cells. Underlying mechanisms of the photodegradation suppression can be excitation relaxation of the DUV-absorptive molecules due to energy transfer to the lanthanide ions, and/or avoiding ionization and reactions with surrounding molecules, including generation of reactive oxygen species, which can modify molecules that are otherwise transparent to DUV light. This approach, directly removing excited energy at the fundamental origin of cellular photodegradation, indicates an important first step towards the practical use of DUV imaging in a variety of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kumamoto
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Near-field Nanophotonics Research Team, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Currently with the Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nicholas Isaac Smith
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawata
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Near-field Nanophotonics Research Team, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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118
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Nani RR, Kelley JA, Ivanic J, Schnermann MJ. Reactive Species Involved in the Regioselective Photooxidation of Heptamethine Cyanines. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6556-6563. [PMID: 26508998 PMCID: PMC4618397 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02396c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heptamethine cyanines are important near-IR fluorophores used in many fluorescence applications. Despite this utility, these molecules are susceptible to light-promoted reactions (photobleaching) involving photochemically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we have sought to define key chemical aspects of this nearly inescapable process. Near-IR photolysis of a model heptamethine cyanine leads to the regioselective oxidative cleavage of the cyanine polyene. We report the first quantitative analysis of the major reaction pathway following either photolysis or exposure to candidate ROS. These studies clearly indicate that only singlet oxygen (1O2), and not other feasible ROS, recapitulates the direct photolysis pathway. Computational studies were employed to investigate the regioselectivity of the oxidative cleavage process, and the theoretical ratio is comparable to observed experimental values. These results provide a more complete picture of heptamethine cyanine photooxidation, and provide insight for design of improved compounds for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger R. Nani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
, Center for Cancer Research
, National Cancer Institute at Frederick
,
Frederick
, Maryland 21702
, USA
.
| | - James A. Kelley
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
, Center for Cancer Research
, National Cancer Institute at Frederick
,
Frederick
, Maryland 21702
, USA
.
| | - Joseph Ivanic
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center
, DSITP
, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
,
Frederick
, Maryland 21702
, USA
.
| | - Martin J. Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
, Center for Cancer Research
, National Cancer Institute at Frederick
,
Frederick
, Maryland 21702
, USA
.
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119
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Gorka AP, Nani RR, Schnermann MJ. Cyanine polyene reactivity: scope and biomedical applications. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7584-98. [PMID: 26052876 PMCID: PMC7780248 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyanines are indispensable fluorophores that form the chemical basis of many fluorescence-based applications. A feature that distinguishes cyanines from other common fluorophores is an exposed polyene linker that is both crucial to absorption and emission and subject to covalent reactions that dramatically alter these optical properties. Over the past decade, reactions involving the cyanine polyene have been used as foundational elements for a range of biomedical techniques. These include the optical sensing of biological analytes, super-resolution imaging, and near-IR light-initiated uncaging. This review surveys the chemical reactivity of the cyanine polyene and the biomedical methods enabled by these reactions. The overarching goal is to highlight the multifaceted nature of cyanine chemistry and biology, as well as to point out the key role of reactivity-based insights in this promising area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Gorka
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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120
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A theoretical justification for single molecule peptide sequencing. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004080. [PMID: 25714988 PMCID: PMC4341059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteomes of cells, tissues, and organisms reflect active cellular processes and change continuously in response to intracellular and extracellular cues. Deep, quantitative profiling of the proteome, especially if combined with mRNA and metabolite measurements, should provide an unprecedented view of cell state, better revealing functions and interactions of cell components. Molecular diagnostics and biomarker discovery should benefit particularly from the accurate quantification of proteomes, since complex diseases like cancer change protein abundances and modifications. Currently, shotgun mass spectrometry is the primary technology for high-throughput protein identification and quantification; while powerful, it lacks high sensitivity and coverage. We draw parallels with next-generation DNA sequencing and propose a strategy, termed fluorosequencing, for sequencing peptides in a complex protein sample at the level of single molecules. In the proposed approach, millions of individual fluorescently labeled peptides are visualized in parallel, monitoring changing patterns of fluorescence intensity as N-terminal amino acids are sequentially removed, and using the resulting fluorescence signatures (fluorosequences) to uniquely identify individual peptides. We introduce a theoretical foundation for fluorosequencing and, by using Monte Carlo computer simulations, we explore its feasibility, anticipate the most likely experimental errors, quantify their potential impact, and discuss the broad potential utility offered by a high-throughput peptide sequencing technology. The development of next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing methods has transformed biology, with current platforms generating >1 billion sequencing reads per run. Unfortunately, no method of similar scale and throughput exists to identify and quantify specific proteins in complex mixtures, representing a critical bottleneck in many biochemical and molecular diagnostic assays. What is urgently needed is a massively parallel method, akin to next-gen DNA sequencing, for identifying and quantifying peptides or proteins in a sample. In principle, single-molecule peptide sequencing could achieve this goal, allowing billions of distinct peptides to be sequenced in parallel and thereby identifying proteins composing the sample and digitally quantifying them by direct counting of peptides. Here, we discuss theoretical considerations of single molecule peptide sequencing, suggest one possible experimental strategy, and, using computer simulations, characterize the potential utility and unusual properties of this future proteomics technology.
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121
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Shiao YS, Chiu HH, Wu PH, Huang YF. Aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles as photoresponsive nanoplatform for co-drug delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21832-41. [PMID: 24949657 DOI: 10.1021/am5026243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Various platforms have been developed as innovative nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic agents to the diseased sites. Multifunctional surface modification allows an enhanced recognition and uptake of drug carriers by targeted cells. However, the development of drug resistance in some tumor cells plays a major role in the failure of chemotherapy. Drugs given in combination, called multidrug delivery approach, was designed to improve the therapeutic efficacy and has become an increasingly used strategy that is of great importance in clinical cancer treatments. In this study, aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been used as a nanoplatform to codeliver two different anticancer drugs for improving the drug effectiveness. The surface of Au NPs (13 nm in diameter) was assembled with AS1411 aptamers, which tethered with 21-base pairs of (CGATCGA)3 sequence approached to the Au NPs. Both the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin (TMPyP4) and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) were then physically attached to the AS1411-conjugated Au NPs (T/D:ds-NPs) and delivered to the target tumor cells such as HeLa and Dox-resistant MCF-7R cell lines. When exposed to a 632 nm light, reactive oxygen species induced by TMPyP4 molecules were generated inside the living cells, followed by cell damage. In addition, triggered release of the complementary drugs also occurred simultaneously during the photodynamic reaction. In the presence of Dox molecules, the toxicity toward the target cells was superior to individual drug treatment. Overall, a co-drug delivery platform was successfully established to improve the therapeutic efficacy in tumor cells. The improvement of the photodynamic-stimulated triggered release was enhanced, thus highly promising precise drug release in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Syun Shiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan ROC
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122
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Juette MF, Terry DS, Wasserman MR, Zhou Z, Altman RB, Zheng Q, Blanchard SC. The bright future of single-molecule fluorescence imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 20:103-11. [PMID: 24956235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is an essential and maturing tool to probe biomolecular interactions and conformational dynamics in vitro and, increasingly, in living cells. Multi-color smFRET enables the correlation of multiple such events and the precise dissection of their order and timing. However, the requirements for good spectral separation, high time resolution, and extended observation times place extraordinary demands on the fluorescent labels used in such experiments. Together with advanced experimental designs and data analysis, the development of long-lasting, non-fluctuating fluorophores is therefore proving key to progress in the field. Recently developed strategies for obtaining ultra-stable organic fluorophores spanning the visible spectrum are underway that will enable multi-color smFRET studies to deliver on their promise of previously unachievable biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F Juette
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Daniel S Terry
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Michael R Wasserman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Roger B Altman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Qinsi Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States; Tri-Institutional Training Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Scott C Blanchard
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States; Tri-Institutional Training Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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