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Escobar-Khondiker M, Höllerhage M, Muriel MP, Champy P, Bach A, Depienne C, Respondek G, Yamada ES, Lannuzel A, Yagi T, Hirsch EC, Oertel WH, Jacob R, Michel PP, Ruberg M, Höglinger GU. Annonacin, a natural mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, causes tau pathology in cultured neurons. J Neurosci 2007; 27:7827-37. [PMID: 17634376 PMCID: PMC6672878 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1644-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A neurodegenerative tauopathy endemic to the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe has been associated with the consumption of anonaceous plants that contain acetogenins, potent lipophilic inhibitors of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. To test the hypothesis that annonacin, a prototypical acetogenin, contributes to the etiology of the disease, we investigated whether annonacin affects the cellular distribution of the protein tau. In primary cultures of rat striatal neurons treated for 48 h with annonacin, there was a concentration-dependent decrease in ATP levels, a redistribution of tau from the axons to the cell body, and cell death. Annonacin induced the retrograde transport of mitochondria, some of which had tau attached to their outer membrane. Taxol, a drug that displaces tau from microtubules, prevented the somatic redistribution of both mitochondria and tau but not cell death. Antioxidants, which scavenged the reactive oxygen species produced by complex I inhibition, did not affect either the redistribution of tau or cell death. Both were prevented, however, by forced expression of the NDI1 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-quinone-oxidoreductase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which can restore NADH oxidation in complex I-deficient mammalian cells and stimulation of energy production via anaerobic glycolysis. Consistently, other ATP-depleting neurotoxins (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, 3-nitropropionic, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone) reproduced the somatic redistribution of tau, whereas toxins that did not decrease ATP levels did not cause the redistribution of tau. Therefore, the annonacin-induced ATP depletion causes the retrograde transport of mitochondria to the cell soma and induces changes in the intracellular distribution of tau in a way that shares characteristics with some neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Escobar-Khondiker
- Experimental Neurology, Philipps University, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
- INSERM, Unité 679, Experimental Neurology and Therapeutics, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris6, Faculté de Médecine, 75252 Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Paule Muriel
- INSERM, Unité 679, Experimental Neurology and Therapeutics, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris6, Faculté de Médecine, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Champy
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8076 BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris XI, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Antoine Bach
- INSERM, Unité 679, Experimental Neurology and Therapeutics, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris6, Faculté de Médecine, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- INSERM, Unité 679, Experimental Neurology and Therapeutics, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris6, Faculté de Médecine, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Experimental Neurology, Philipps University, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Annie Lannuzel
- INSERM, Unité 679, Experimental Neurology and Therapeutics, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris6, Faculté de Médecine, 75252 Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire des Antilles et de la Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159 Abymes, Guadeloupe, and
| | - Takao Yagi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Etienne C. Hirsch
- INSERM, Unité 679, Experimental Neurology and Therapeutics, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris6, Faculté de Médecine, 75252 Paris, France
| | | | - Ralf Jacob
- Institute of Cytobiology, Philipps University, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick P. Michel
- INSERM, Unité 679, Experimental Neurology and Therapeutics, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris6, Faculté de Médecine, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Merle Ruberg
- INSERM, Unité 679, Experimental Neurology and Therapeutics, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris6, Faculté de Médecine, 75252 Paris, France
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102
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Abstract
The mitotic spindle is a microtubule (MT)-based molecular machine that serves for equal segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The formation of the mitotic spindle requires the activity of MT motors, including members of the kinesin-14 family. Although evidence suggests that kinesins-14 act by driving the sliding of MT bundles in different areas of the spindle, such sliding activity had never been demonstrated directly. To test the hypothesis that kinesins-14 can induce MT sliding in living cells, we developed an in vivo assay, which involves overexpression of the kinesin-14 family member Drosophila Ncd in interphase mammalian fibroblasts. We found that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Ncd colocalized with cytoplasmic MTs, whose distribution was determined by microinjection of Cy3 tubulin into GFP-transfected cells. Ncd overexpression resulted in the formation of MT bundles that exhibited dynamic "looping" behavior never observed in control cells. Photobleaching studies and fluorescence speckle microscopy analysis demonstrated that neighboring MTs in bundles could slide against each other with velocities of 0.1 microm/s, corresponding to the velocities of movement of the recombinant Ncd in in vitro motility assays. Our data, for the first time, demonstrate generation of sliding forces between adjacent MTs by Ncd, and they confirm the proposed roles of kinesins-14 in the mitotic spindle morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Oladipo
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032-1507
| | - Ann Cowan
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032-1507
| | - Vladimir Rodionov
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032-1507
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103
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Mandelkow E, von Bergen M, Biernat J, Mandelkow EM. Structural principles of tau and the paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2007; 17:83-90. [PMID: 17493042 PMCID: PMC8095506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau, a major microtubule-associated protein in brain, forms abnormal fibers in Alzheimer's disease and several other neurodegenerative diseases. Tau is highly soluble and adopts a natively unfolded structure in solution. In the paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's disease, small segments of tau adopt a beta-conformation and interact with other tau molecules. In the filament core, the microtubule-binding repeat region of tau has a cross-beta structure, while the rest of the protein retains its largely unfolded structure and gives rise to the fuzzy coat of the filaments.
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104
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Fanara P, Banerjee J, Hueck RV, Harper MR, Awada M, Turner H, Husted KH, Brandt R, Hellerstein MK. Stabilization of hyperdynamic microtubules is neuroprotective in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:23465-72. [PMID: 17567579 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703434200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a genetic cause of human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, trigger motoneuron death through unknown toxic mechanisms. We report that transgenic SOD1G93A mice exhibit striking and progressive changes in neuronal microtubule dynamics from an early age, associated with impaired axonal transport. Pharmacologic administration of a microtubule-modulating agent alone or in combination with a neuroprotective drug to symptomatic SOD1G93A mice reduced microtubule turnover, preserved spinal cord neurons, normalized axonal transport kinetics, and delayed the onset of symptoms, while prolonging life by up to 26%. The degree of reduction of microtubule turnover was highly predictive of clinical responses to different treatments. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperdynamic microtubules impair axonal transport and accelerate motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Measurement of microtubule dynamics in vivo provides a sensitive biomarker of disease activity and therapeutic response and represents a new pharmacologic target in neurodegenerative disorders.
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105
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Cyrklaff M, Kudryashev M, Leis A, Leonard K, Baumeister W, Menard R, Meissner M, Frischknecht F. Cryoelectron tomography reveals periodic material at the inner side of subpellicular microtubules in apicomplexan parasites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:1281-7. [PMID: 17562819 PMCID: PMC2118598 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20062405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal structures important for cell division, polarity, and motility and are therefore major targets for anticancer and antiparasite drugs. In the invasive forms of apicomplexan parasites, which are highly polarized and often motile cells, exceptionally stable subpellicular microtubules determine the shape of the parasite, and serve as tracks for vesicle transport. We used cryoelectron tomography to image cytoplasmic structures in three dimensions within intact, rapidly frozen Plasmodium sporozoites. This approach revealed microtubule walls that are extended at the luminal side by an additional 3 nm compared to microtubules of mammalian cells. Fourier analysis revealed an 8-nm longitudinal periodicity of the luminal constituent, suggesting the presence of a molecule interacting with tubulin dimers. In silico generation and analysis of microtubule models confirmed this unexpected topology. Microtubules from extracted sporozoites and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites showed a similar density distribution, suggesting that the putative protein is conserved among Apicomplexa and serves to stabilize microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Cyrklaff
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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106
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Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau may be involved in cell morphogenesis and axonal maintenance. In addition to microtubules, tau has been shown to interact with actin in vitro. In the present study interaction of tau and actin was investigated in PC12 cells. No interaction between tau and actin was observed without NGF treatment. Under NGF stimulation, tau distributed at ends of cellular extensions, where it associated with actin in a microtubule-independent manner. F-actin disruption revealed that relocalization and assembly of F-actin at the ends of cellular extensions were necessary for NGF-induced tau reorganization and association with actin. A truncated tau-GFP (tau(1-186)-GFP, N-terminal of tau) did not associate with actin. However, tau23(174-352)-GFP (carboxyl-terminal of Tau23) did associate with actin and the requirement for NGF was lost. Nevertheless, NGF boosted tau23(174-352)-GFP interaction with actin and promoted colocalization at the ends of cellular extensions. This suggests that the C-terminal of tau is required for associating with actin and the tau N-terminal may play a regulatory role in this process. A possible role for tau-actin interaction in neurite outgrowth is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Zhou Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Ave. M/C 901, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7342, USA
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107
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Vega IE, Hamano T, Propost JA, Grenningloh G, Yen SH. Taxol and tau overexpression induced calpain-dependent degradation of the microtubule-destabilizing protein SCG10. Exp Neurol 2006; 202:152-60. [PMID: 16822511 PMCID: PMC3696491 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 04/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-stabilizing and -destabilizing proteins play a crucial role in regulating the dynamic instability of microtubules during neuronal development and synaptic transmission. The microtubule-destabilizing protein SCG10 is a neuron-specific protein implicated in neurite outgrowth. The SCG10 protein is significantly reduced in mature neurons, suggesting that its expression is developmentally regulated. In contrast, the microtubule-stabilizing protein tau is expressed in mature neurons and its function is essential for the maintenance of neuronal polarity and neuronal survival. Thus, the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity may down-regulate the protein level/function of SCG10. In this report, we show that treatment of PC12 cells and neuroblastoma cells with the microtubule-stabilizing drug Taxol induced a rapid degradation of the SCG10 protein. Consistently, overexpression of tau protein in neuroblastoma cells also induced a reduction in SCG10 protein levels. Calpain inhibitor MDL-28170, but not caspase inhibitors, blocked a significant decrease in SCG10 protein levels. Collectively, these results indicate that tau overexpression and Taxol treatment induced a calpain-dependent degradation of the microtubule-destabilizing protein SCG10. The results provide evidence for the existence of an intracellular mechanism involved in the regulation of SCG10 upon microtubule stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving E. Vega
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Birdsall Medical Research Bldg., 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 904 953 7117. (I.E. Vega), (S.-H. Yen)
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Birdsall Medical Research Bldg., 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Josh A. Propost
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Birdsall Medical Research Bldg., 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Gabriele Grenningloh
- Departement de Biologie Cellulaire et de Maophologie, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shu-Hui Yen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Birdsall Medical Research Bldg., 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 904 953 7117. (I.E. Vega), (S.-H. Yen)
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108
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Hasan MR, Jin M, Matsushima K, Miyamoto S, Kotani S, Nakagawa H. Differences in the regulation of microtubule stability by the pro-rich region variants of microtubule-associated protein 4. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3505-10. [PMID: 16714020 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported a neural variant of microtubule-associated protein 4 with a short pro-rich region (MAP4-SP). Here, we show that the neural MAP4 has reduced microtubule-stabilizing activity, compared to the ubiquitous MAP4 with a long pro-rich region (MAP4-LP), both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analyses revealed that the interaction of MAP4-SP with the microtubules is very rapid, with a half-time of fluorescence recovery of 7 +/- 2.36 s, compared to 19.5 +/- 3.03 s in case of MAP4-LP. The dynamic interaction of MAP4-SP with microtubules in neural cells may contribute to the dynamic behaviors of extending neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rubayet Hasan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
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109
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Jacobson C, Schnapp B, Banker GA. A Change in the Selective Translocation of the Kinesin-1 Motor Domain Marks the Initial Specification of the Axon. Neuron 2006; 49:797-804. [PMID: 16543128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Revised: 01/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We used the accumulation of constitutively active kinesin motor domains as a measure of where kinesins translocate in developing neurons. Throughout development, truncated Kinesin-3 accumulates at the tips of all neurites. In contrast, Kinesin-1 selectively accumulates in only a subset of neurites. Before neurons become polarized, truncated Kinesin-1 accumulates transiently in a single neurite. Coincident with axon specification, truncated Kinesin-1 accumulates only in the emerging axon and no longer appears in any other neurite. The translocation of Kinesin-1 along a biochemically distinct track leading to the nascent axon could ensure the selective delivery of Kinesin-1 cargoes to the axon and hence contribute to its molecular specification. Imaging YFP-tagged truncated Kinesin-1 provides the most precise definition to date of when neuronal polarity first emerges and allows visualization of the molecular differentiation of the axon in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jacobson
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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110
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Niewiadomska G, Baksalerska-Pazera M, Riedel G. Cytoskeletal Transport in the Aging Brain: Focus on the Cholinergic System. Rev Neurosci 2006; 17:581-618. [PMID: 17283606 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2006.17.6.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence for the aging-related breakdown of cytoskeletal support in neurons. Similarly affected are the principal components of the intracellular microtubule system, the transport units involved in active shuttle of organelles and molecules in an antero- and retrograde manner, and the proteins stabilizing the cytoskeleton and providing trophic support. Here, we review the basic organization of the cytoskeleton, and describe its elements and their interactions. We then critically assess the role of these cytoskeletal proteins in physiological aging and aging-related malfunction. Our focus is on the microtubule-associated protein tau, for which comprehensive investigations suggest a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, for instance tauopathies. These diseases frequently lead to cognitive decline and are often paralleled by reductions in cholinergic neurotransmission. We propose this reduction to be due to destabilization of the cytoskeleton and protein transport mechanisms in these neurons. Therefore, maintenance of the neuronal cytoskeleton during aging may prevent or delay neurodegeneration as well as cognitive decline during physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute for Experimental Biology, Department of Neurophysiology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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