101
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Zhang B, Song B, Wang X, Chang XS, Pang T, Zhang X, Yin K, Fang GE. The expression and clinical significance of CD73 molecule in human rectal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5459-66. [PMID: 25677906 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectonucleotidase CD73 degrades adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine which potently inhibits host immune responses against cancer. This study investigated the expression level and prognostic significance of CD73 in human rectal adenocarcinoma. Our data demonstrated that CD73 staining strongly marked both malignant epithelial cells and stromal components where the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of CD73 were significantly increased compared with paracancerous controls. High CD73 expression in tumor cells can be used as an independent factor for predicting poor patients' prognosis; however, patients with higher density of stromal CD73 were more likely to have favorable characteristics (early T and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages) and overall survival. Notably, combined CD73 expression analysis in both tumoral and stromal compartments was more efficient to foretell patient's outcome where patients with increased CD73 in tumor cells but decreased CD73 in stroma displayed a worst prognosis. Taken together, the current study revealed CD73 expression was increased in both tumoral and stromal compartments. Although upregulated CD73 expression in tumor cells correlates with a poor prognosis in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma, the combination of CD73 expression in malignant epithelial cells and tumor stroma may have a better prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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102
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Bastid J, Regairaz A, Bonnefoy N, Déjou C, Giustiniani J, Laheurte C, Cochaud S, Laprevotte E, Funck-Brentano E, Hemon P, Gros L, Bec N, Larroque C, Alberici G, Bensussan A, Eliaou JF. Inhibition of CD39 enzymatic function at the surface of tumor cells alleviates their immunosuppressive activity. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 3:254-65. [PMID: 25403716 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 hydrolyze extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to generate adenosine, which binds to adenosine receptors and inhibits T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell responses, thereby suppressing the immune system. The generation of adenosine via the CD39/CD73 pathway is recognized as a major mechanism of regulatory T cell (Treg) immunosuppressive function. The number of CD39⁺ Tregs is increased in some human cancers, and the importance of CD39⁺ Tregs in promoting tumor growth and metastasis has been demonstrated using several in vivo models. Here, we addressed whether CD39 is expressed by tumor cells and whether CD39⁺ tumor cells mediate immunosuppression via the adenosine pathway. Immunohistochemical staining of normal and tumor tissues revealed that CD39 expression is significantly higher in several types of human cancer than in normal tissues. In cancer specimens, CD39 is expressed by infiltrating lymphocytes, the tumor stroma, and tumor cells. Furthermore, the expression of CD39 at the cell surface of tumor cells was directly demonstrated via flow cytometry of human cancer cell lines. CD39 in cancer cells displays ATPase activity and, together with CD73, generates adenosine. CD39⁺CD73⁺ cancer cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells and the generation of cytotoxic effector CD8 T cells (CTL) in a CD39- and adenosine-dependent manner. Treatment with a CD39 inhibitor or blocking antibody alleviated the tumor-induced inhibition of CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation and increased CTL- and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In conclusion, interfering with the CD39-adenosine pathway may represent a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumor cell-mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Bonnefoy
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier 1; CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Déjou
- OREGA Biotech, Ecully, France. IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier 1; CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Giustiniani
- Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France. Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, DERM-I-C, EA7319, Reims Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Emilie Laprevotte
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier 1; CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa Funck-Brentano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 976; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Immunologie Dermatologie & Oncologie, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Hemon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 976; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Immunologie Dermatologie & Oncologie, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Gros
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier 1; CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Bec
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier 1; CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Larroque
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier 1; CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Armand Bensussan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 976; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Immunologie Dermatologie & Oncologie, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-François Eliaou
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier 1; CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France. Département d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier et Faculté de Médecine Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
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103
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Pasternack JB, Domogauer JD, Khullar A, Akudugu JM, Howell RW. The advantage of antibody cocktails for targeted alpha therapy depends on specific activity. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:2012-9. [PMID: 25349219 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.141580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonuniform dose distributions among disseminated tumor cells can be a significant limiting factor in targeted α therapy. This study examines how cocktails of radiolabeled antibodies can be formulated to overcome this limitation. METHODS Cultured MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of a cocktail of 4 fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies. The amount of each antibody bound to each cell was quantified using flow cytometry. A spreadsheet was developed to "arm" the antibodies with any desired radionuclide and specific activity, calculate the absorbed dose to each cell, and perform a Monte Carlo simulation of the surviving fraction of cells after exposure to cocktails of different antibody combinations. Simulations were performed for the α-particle emitters (211)At, (213)Bi, and (225)Ac. RESULTS Activity delivered to the least labeled cell can be increased by 200%-400% with antibody cocktails, relative to the best-performing single antibody. Specific activity determined whether a cocktail or a single antibody achieved greater cell killing. With certain specific activities, cocktails outperformed single antibodies by a factor of up to 244. There was a profound difference (≤16 logs) in the surviving fraction when a uniform antibody distribution was assumed and compared with the experimentally observed nonuniform distribution. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that targeted α therapy can be improved with customized radiolabeled antibody cocktails. Depending on the antibody combination and specific activity of the radiolabeled antibodies, cocktails can provide a substantial advantage in tumor cell killing. The methodology used in this analysis provides a foundation for pretreatment prediction of tumor cell survival in the context of personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Pasternack
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; and
| | - Jason D Domogauer
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; and
| | - Alisha Khullar
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; and
| | - John M Akudugu
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; and
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104
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Terp MG, Ditzel HJ. Application of proteomics in the study of rodent models of cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:640-52. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel G. Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Oncology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
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105
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Snider NT, Altshuler PJ, Wan S, Welling TH, Cavalcoli J, Omary MB. Alternative splicing of human NT5E in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma produces a negative regulator of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:4024-33. [PMID: 25298403 PMCID: PMC4263446 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of human NT5E generates CD73S, an endoplasmic reticulum–associated and dimerization-deficient glycoprotein that lacks enzymatic activity. CD73S functions as a negative regulator of canonical CD73 by promoting its proteasomal degradation, which may have significance in chronic liver disease and liver cancer. Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73), encoded by NT5E, is the major enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine. CD73 controls numerous pathophysiological responses and is a potential disease target, but its regulation is poorly understood. We examined NT5E regulation by alternative splicing. Genomic database analysis of human transcripts led us to identify NT5E-2, a novel splice variant that was expressed at low abundance in normal human tissues but was significantly up-regulated in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NT5E-2 encodes a shorter CD73 isoform we named CD73S. The presence of CD73S protein, which lacks 50 amino acids, was detected in HCC using an isoform-specific antibody. A noncanonical mouse mRNA, similar to human CD73S, was observed, but the corresponding protein was undetectable. The two human isoforms exhibited functional differences, such that ectopic expression of canonical CD73 (CD73L) in human HepG2 cells was associated with decreased expression of the proliferation marker Ki67, whereas CD73S expression did not have an effect on Ki67 expression. CD73S was glycosylated, catalytically inactive, unable to dimerize, and complexed intracellularly with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone calnexin. Furthermore, CD73S complexed with CD73L and promoted proteasome-dependent CD73L degradation. The findings reveal species-specific CD73 regulation, with potential significance to cancer, fibrosis, and other diseases characterized by changes in CD73 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha T Snider
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter J Altshuler
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shanshan Wan
- Departments of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - James Cavalcoli
- Departments of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Departments of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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106
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Qin L, Thompson LF, Kuzel TM, Zhang B. Requirement of NK cells for selective A2A receptor blockade to suppress CD73+ tumor metastasis. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:19-21. [PMID: 24341879 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of: Beavis PA, Divisekera U, Paget C et al. Blockade of A2A receptors potently suppresses the metastasis of CD73(+) tumors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110(36), 14711-14716 (2013). CD73 is becoming an emerging therapeutic target for the prevention of tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism by which CD73 promotes tumor metastasis is unclear. Beavis et al. evaluated the efficacy of A2A and A2B adenosine receptor antagonists in inhibiting the metastasis of tumors expressing CD73, either endogenously or ectopically. They demonstrate distinct mechanisms whereby A2A versus A2B adenosine receptors could contribute to CD73(+) tumor metastasis. As A2Areceptor (R)/A2BR antagonists have been tested in clinical trials in other disease settings, this study highlights the potential therapeutic application of an A2AR/A2BR blockade strategy for treatment of CD73(+) metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E Superior Street-Tarry 13-705, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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107
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Quarona V, Ferri V, Chillemi A, Bolzoni M, Mancini C, Zaccarello G, Roato I, Morandi F, Marimpietri D, Faccani G, Martella E, Pistoia V, Giuliani N, Horenstein AL, Malavasi F. Unraveling the contribution of ectoenzymes to myeloma life and survival in the bone marrow niche. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1335:10-22. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Quarona
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics; Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Valentina Ferri
- Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Center; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Antonella Chillemi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics; Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Marina Bolzoni
- Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Center; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Cristina Mancini
- Anatomia e Istologia Patologica; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Gianluca Zaccarello
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics; Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics; Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Fabio Morandi
- Laboratorio di Oncologia; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | | | | | - Eugenia Martella
- Anatomia e Istologia Patologica; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratorio di Oncologia; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Center; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Alberto L. Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics; Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics; Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS; University of Torino; Torino Italy
- Transplantation Immunology; Città della Salute e della Scienza; Torino Italy
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108
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Young A, Mittal D, Stagg J, Smyth MJ. Targeting cancer-derived adenosine: new therapeutic approaches. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:879-88. [PMID: 25035124 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CD73 generation of immunosuppressive adenosine within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment causes dysregulation of immune cell infiltrates, resulting in tumor progression, metastases, and poor disease outcomes. Therapies targeted toward the adenosinergic pathway, such as antibodies targeting CD73 and CD39, have proven efficacy in mouse tumor models; however, humanized versions are only in preliminary development. In contrast, A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists have progressed to late-stage clinical trials in Parkinson disease, yet evidence of their role in oncology is limited. This review will compare the merits and challenges of these therapeutic approaches, identifying tumor indications and combinations that may be fruitful as they progress to the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE High concentrations of immunosuppressive adenosine have been reported in cancers, and adenosine is implicated in the growth of tumors. This brief review delineates the current treatment strategies and tumor subtypes that will benefit from targeting adenosinergic pathways, alone or in combination with contemporary approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabella Young
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Deepak Mittal
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Faculté de Pharmacie et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; and
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109
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Fausther M, Lavoie EG, Goree JR, Baldini G, Dranoff JA. NT5E mutations that cause human disease are associated with intracellular mistrafficking of NT5E protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98568. [PMID: 24887587 PMCID: PMC4041762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73/NT5E, the product of the NT5E gene, is the dominant enzyme in the generation of adenosine from degradation of AMP in the extracellular environment. Nonsense (c.662C→A, p.S221X designated F1, c.1609dupA, p.V537fsX7 designated F3) and missense (c.1073G→A, p.C358Y designated F2) NT5E gene mutations in three distinct families have been shown recently to cause premature arterial calcification disease in human patients. However, the underlying mechanisms by which loss-of-function NT5E mutations cause human disease are unknown. We hypothesized that human NT5E gene mutations cause mistrafficking of the defective proteins within cells, ultimately blocking NT5E catalytic function. To test this hypothesis, plasmids encoding cDNAs of wild type and mutant human NT5E tagged with the fluorescent probe DsRed were generated and used for transfection and heterologous expression in immortalized monkey COS-7 kidney cells that lack native NT5E protein. Enzyme histochemistry and Malachite green assays were performed to assess the biochemical activities of wild type and mutant fusion NT5E proteins. Subcellular trafficking of fusion NT5E proteins was monitored by confocal microscopy and western blot analysis of fractionated cell constituents. All 3 F1, F2, and F3 mutations result in a protein with significantly reduced trafficking to the plasma membrane and reduced ER retention as compared to wild type protein. Confocal immunofluorescence demonstrates vesicles containing DsRed-tagged NT5E proteins (F1, F2 and F3) in the cell synthetic apparatus. All 3 mutations resulted in absent NT5E enzymatic activity at the cell surface. In conclusion, three familial NT5E mutations (F1, F2, F3) result in novel trafficking defects associated with human disease. These novel genetic causes of human disease suggest that the syndrome of premature arterial calcification due to NT5E mutations may also involve a novel “trafficking-opathy”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Fausther
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Elise G. Lavoie
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jessica R. Goree
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Giulia Baldini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Dranoff
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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110
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Allard B, Turcotte M, Stagg J. Targeting CD73 and downstream adenosine receptor signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:863-81. [PMID: 24798880 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.915315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant improvements in diagnosis and therapy over the past 20 years, breast cancer remains a worldwide public health issue. In particular, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subset of very aggressive breast tumors, is associated with a poor prognosis and has very few efficient therapeutic options. The ectonucleotidase CD73 has recently emerged as a promising new target for TNBC in preclinical models. Pharmacological targeting of CD73 and downstream adenosine A2A/A2B receptor signaling is currently an active field of research that could lead to the development of new cancer therapeutics, including options against TNBC. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the basic structural and molecular features of CD73 and its role in the development of cancer, with a particular focus on CD73's role in the biology of TNBC. EXPERT OPINION It was recently demonstrated that CD73 expression in TNBC is associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased resistance to anthracycline chemotherapy. Targeted blockade of the CD73/A2A axis has been shown to impair various aspects of tumorigenesis and displays synergism with other anti-cancer treatments in preclinical studies. Hence, we strongly argue for the development of CD73 inhibitors and for the repositioning of A2A antagonists in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Faculté de Pharmacie et Institut du Cancer de Montréal , 900 Rue Saint Denis, 10ième étage, Montréal H2X0X9, QC , Canada +514 890 8000 ext: 25170 ; +514 412 7661 ;
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111
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Beavis PA, Milenkovski N, Stagg J, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. A 2A blockade enhances anti-metastatic immune responses. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26705. [PMID: 24575377 PMCID: PMC3926871 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific targeting of tumor-elicited immunosuppression is a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. We have recently demonstrated that targeting the immunosuppressive pathway mediated by CD73-derived adenosine through the blockade of A2A/A2B adenosine receptors significantly reduced the metastatic potential of CD73+ breast carcinomas and melanomas via both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne, VIC Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Nicole Milenkovski
- Cancer Immunology Program; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne, VIC Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Faculté de Pharmacie et Institut du Cancer de Montréal; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; Herston, QLD Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne, VIC Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia
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