101
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Alsaqati M, Thomas RS, Kidd EJ. Proteins Involved in Endocytosis Are Upregulated by Ageing in the Normal Human Brain: Implications for the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 73:289-298. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamed Alsaqati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Rhian S Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma J Kidd
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
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102
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Li J, Barylko B, Eichorst JP, Mueller JD, Albanesi JP, Chen Y. Association of Endophilin B1 with Cytoplasmic Vesicles. Biophys J 2017; 111:565-576. [PMID: 27508440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophilins are SH3- and BAR domain-containing proteins implicated in membrane remodeling and vesicle formation. Endophilins A1 and A2 promote the budding of endocytic vesicles from the plasma membrane, whereas endophilin B1 has been implicated in vesicle budding from intracellular organelles, including the trans-Golgi network and late endosomes. We previously reported that endophilins A1 and A2 exist almost exclusively as soluble dimers in the cytosol. Here, we present results of fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy analyses indicating that, in contrast, the majority of endophilin B1 is present in multiple copies on small, highly mobile cytoplasmic vesicles. Formation of these vesicles was enhanced by overexpression of wild-type dynamin 2, but suppressed by expression of a catalytically inactive dynamin 2 mutant. Using dual-color heterospecies partition analysis, we identified the epidermal growth factor receptor on endophilin B1 vesicles. Moreover, a proportion of endophilin B1 vesicles also contained caveolin, whereas clathrin was almost undetectable on those vesicles. These results raise the possibility that endophilin B1 participates in dynamin 2-dependent formation of a population of transport vesicles distinct from those generated by A-type endophilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - John P Eichorst
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joachim D Mueller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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103
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Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Is Regulated by Lipid Transport-Dependent Suppression of Caveolae-Mediated Transcytosis. Neuron 2017; 94:581-594.e5. [PMID: 28416077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides a constant homeostatic brain environment that is essential for proper neural function. An unusually low rate of vesicular transport (transcytosis) has been identified as one of the two unique properties of CNS endothelial cells, relative to peripheral endothelial cells, that maintain the restrictive quality of the BBB. However, it is not known how this low rate of transcytosis is achieved. Here we provide a mechanism whereby the regulation of CNS endothelial cell lipid composition specifically inhibits the caveolae-mediated transcytotic route readily used in the periphery. An unbiased lipidomic analysis reveals significant differences in endothelial cell lipid signatures from the CNS and periphery, which underlie a suppression of caveolae vesicle formation and trafficking in brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, lipids transported by Mfsd2a establish a unique lipid environment that inhibits caveolae vesicle formation in CNS endothelial cells to suppress transcytosis and ensure BBB integrity.
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104
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Fahimi F, Tohidkia MR, Fouladi M, Aghabeygi R, Samadi N, Omidi Y. Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:59-71. [PMID: 28546954 PMCID: PMC5439391 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: In the recent decades, a number of studies have highlighted the importance of Helicobacter pylori in the initiation and development of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Some potential virulence factors (e.g., urease, CagA, VacA, BabA) are exploited by this microorganism, facilitating its persistence through evading human defense mechanisms. Among these toxins and enzymes, vacuolating toxin A (VacA) is of a great importance in the pathogenesis of H. pylori. VacA toxin shows different pattern of cytotoxicity through binding to different cell surface receptors in various cells.
Methods: To highlight attempts in treatment for H. pylori infection, here, we discussed the VacA potential as a candidate for development of vaccine and targeted immunotherapy. Furthermore, we reviewed the related literature to provide key insights on association of the genetic variants of VacA with the toxicity of the toxin in cells.
Results: A number of investigations on the receptor(s) binding of VacA toxin confirmed the pleiotropic nature of VacA that uses a unique mechanism for internalization through some membrane components such as lipid rafts and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-AP). Considering the high potency of VacA toxin in the clinical presentations in infection and assisting persistence and colonization of H. pylori, it is considered as one of the pivotal components in production vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
Conclusion: It is possible to generate mAbs with a considerable potential to convert into secretory immunoglobulins that could penetrate into the niche of H. pylori and inhibit its normal functionalities. Further, conjugation of H. pylori targeting Ab fragments with the toxic agents or drug delivery systems (DDSs) offers new generation of H. pylori treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Fahimi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fouladi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Aghabeygi
- School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Samadi
- School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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105
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Martzoukou O, Amillis S, Zervakou A, Christoforidis S, Diallinas G. The AP-2 complex has a specialized clathrin-independent role in apical endocytosis and polar growth in fungi. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28220754 PMCID: PMC5338921 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi provide excellent systems for investigating the role of the AP-2 complex in polar growth. Using Aspergillus nidulans, we show that AP-2 has a clathrin-independent essential role in polarity maintenance and growth. This is in line with a sequence analysis showing that the AP-2 β subunit (β2) of higher fungi lacks a clathrin-binding domain, and experiments showing that AP-2 does not co-localize with clathrin. We provide genetic and cellular evidence that AP-2 interacts with endocytic markers SlaBEnd4 and SagAEnd3 and the lipid flippases DnfA and DnfB in the sub-apical collar region of hyphae. The role of AP-2 in the maintenance of proper apical membrane lipid and cell wall composition is further supported by its functional interaction with BasA (sphingolipid biosynthesis) and StoA (apical sterol-rich membrane domains), and its essentiality in polar deposition of chitin. Our findings support that the AP-2 complex of dikarya has acquired, in the course of evolution, a specialized clathrin-independent function necessary for fungal polar growth. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20083.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martzoukou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Amillis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Zervakou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Savvas Christoforidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, Greece.,Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Diallinas
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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106
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Uptake Mechanism of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1030:255-264. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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107
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Kuruvilla J, Farinha AP, Bayat N, Cristobal S. Surface proteomics on nanoparticles: a step to simplify the rapid prototyping of nanoparticles. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:55-64. [PMID: 32260678 DOI: 10.1039/c6nh00162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles for biomedical applications require increasing effectiveness in targeting specific cells while preserving non-target cells' safety. We developed a surface proteomics method for a rapid and systematic analysis of the interphase between the nanoparticle protein corona and the targeted cells that could implement the rapid prototyping of nanomedicines. Native nanoparticles entering in a protein-rich liquid medium quickly form a macromolecular structure called protein corona. This protein structure defines the physical interaction between nanoparticles and target cells. The surface proteins compose the first line of interaction between this macromolecular structure and the cell surface of a target cell. We demonstrated that SUSTU (SUrface proteomics, Safety, Targeting, Uptake) provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis from the protein corona surface. With SUSTU, the spatial dynamics of the protein corona surface can be studied. Data from SUSTU would ascertain the nanoparticle functionalized groups exposed at a destiny that could circumvent preliminary in vitro experiments. Therefore, this method could implement in the analysis of nanoparticle targeting and uptake capability and could be integrated into a rapid prototyping strategy which is a major challenge in nanomaterials science. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD004636.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuruvilla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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108
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Bodrikov V, Pauschert A, Kochlamazashvili G, Stuermer CAO. Reggie-1 and reggie-2 (flotillins) participate in Rab11a-dependent cargo trafficking, spine synapse formation and LTP-related AMPA receptor (GluA1) surface exposure in mouse hippocampal neurons. Exp Neurol 2016; 289:31-45. [PMID: 27993509 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reggie-1 and -2 (flotillins) reside at recycling vesicles and promote jointly with Rab11a the targeted delivery of cargo. Recycling is essential for synapse formation suggesting that reggies and Rab11a may regulate the development of spine synapses. Recycling vesicles provide cargo for dendritic growth and recycle surface glutamate receptors (AMPAR, GluA) for long-term potentiation (LTP) induced surface exposure. Here, we show reduced number of spine synapses and impairment of an in vitro correlate of LTP in hippocampal neurons from reggie-1 k.o. (Flot2-/-) mice maturating in culture. These defects apparently result from reduced trafficking of PSD-95 revealed by live imaging of 10 div reggie-1 k.o. (Flot2-/-) neurons and likely impairs co-transport of cargo destined for spines: N-cadherin and the glutamate receptors GluA1 and GluN1. Impaired cargo trafficking and fewer synapses also emerged in reggie-1 siRNA, reggie-2 siRNA, and reggie-1 and -2 siRNA-treated neurons and was in siRNA and k.o. neurons rescued by reggie-1-EGFP and CA-Rab11a-EGFP. While correlative expressional changes of specific synapse proteins were observed in reggie-1 k.o. (Flot2-/-) brains in vivo, this did not occur in neurons maturating in vitro. Our work suggests that reggie-1 and reggie-2 function at Rab11a recycling containers in the transport of PSD-95, N-cadherin, GluA1 and GluN1, and promote (together with significant signaling molecules) spine-directed trafficking, spine synapse formation and the in vitro correlate of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Pauschert
- Dept. Biology, University Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Gaga Kochlamazashvili
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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109
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Qu F, Lorenzo DN, King SJ, Brooks R, Bear JE, Bennett V. Ankyrin-B is a PI3P effector that promotes polarized α5β1-integrin recycling via recruiting RabGAP1L to early endosomes. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27718357 PMCID: PMC5089861 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal membrane trafficking requires coordination between phosphoinositide lipids, Rab GTPases, and microtubule-based motors to dynamically determine endosome identity and promote long-range organelle transport. Here we report that ankyrin-B (AnkB), through integrating all three systems, functions as a critical node in the protein circuitry underlying polarized recycling of α5β1-integrin in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which enables persistent fibroblast migration along fibronectin gradients. AnkB associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P)-positive organelles in fibroblasts and binds dynactin to promote their long-range motility. We demonstrate that AnkB binds to Rab GTPase Activating Protein 1-Like (RabGAP1L) and recruits it to PI3P-positive organelles, where RabGAP1L inactivates Rab22A, and promotes polarized trafficking to the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts. We further determine that α5β1-integrin depends on an AnkB/RabGAP1L complex for polarized recycling. Our results reveal AnkB as an unexpected key element in coordinating polarized transport of α5β1-integrin and likely of other specialized endocytic cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Damaris N Lorenzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Samantha J King
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Rebecca Brooks
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - James E Bear
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Vann Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
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110
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Lampe M, Vassilopoulos S, Merrifield C. Clathrin coated pits, plaques and adhesion. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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111
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Blagojević Zagorac G, Mahmutefendić H, Maćešić S, Karleuša L, Lučin P. Quantitative Analysis of Endocytic Recycling of Membrane Proteins by Monoclonal Antibody-Based Recycling Assays. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:463-476. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana Mahmutefendić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Senka Maćešić
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, Foreign Languages and Kinesiology; University of Rijeka Faculty of Engineering; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Ljerka Karleuša
- Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Pero Lučin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine; Rijeka Croatia
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112
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Mahmutefendić H, Blagojević Zagorac G, Grabušić K, Karleuša L, Maćešić S, Momburg F, Lučin P. Late Endosomal Recycling of Open MHC-I Conformers. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:872-887. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mahmutefendić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | | | | | - Ljerka Karleuša
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Senka Maćešić
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Physics, Foreign Languages and Kinesiology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Frank Momburg
- Antigen Presentation & T/NK Cell Activation Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Pero Lučin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
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113
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Norman M, Vuilleumier R, Springhorn A, Gawlik J, Pyrowolakis G. Pentagone internalises glypicans to fine-tune multiple signalling pathways. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27269283 PMCID: PMC4924993 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of signalling activity is crucial for proper tissue patterning and growth. Here we investigate the function of Pentagone (Pent), a secreted protein that acts in a regulatory feedback during establishment and maintenance of BMP/Dpp morphogen signalling during Drosophila wing development. We show that Pent internalises the Dpp co-receptors, the glypicans Dally and Dally-like protein (Dlp), and propose that this internalisation is important in the establishment of a long range Dpp gradient. Pent-induced endocytosis and degradation of glypicans requires dynamin- and Rab5, but not clathrin or active BMP signalling. Thus, Pent modifies the ability of cells to trap and transduce BMP by fine-tuning the levels of the BMP reception system at the plasma membrane. In addition, and in accordance with the role of glypicans in multiple signalling pathways, we establish a requirement of Pent for Wg signalling. Our data propose a novel mechanism by which morphogen signalling is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Norman
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Robin Vuilleumier
- Institute for Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Alexander Springhorn
- Institute for Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gawlik
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - George Pyrowolakis
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany.,Institute for Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
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114
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Ma L, Umasankar PK, Wrobel AG, Lymar A, McCoy AJ, Holkar SS, Jha A, Pradhan-Sundd T, Watkins SC, Owen DJ, Traub LM. Transient Fcho1/2⋅Eps15/R⋅AP-2 Nanoclusters Prime the AP-2 Clathrin Adaptor for Cargo Binding. Dev Cell 2016; 37:428-43. [PMID: 27237791 PMCID: PMC4921775 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-coated vesicles form by rapid assembly of discrete coat constituents into a cargo-sorting lattice. How the sequential phases of coat construction are choreographed is unclear, but transient protein-protein interactions mediated by short interaction motifs are pivotal. We show that arrayed Asp-Pro-Phe (DPF) motifs within the early-arriving endocytic pioneers Eps15/R are differentially decoded by other endocytic pioneers Fcho1/2 and AP-2. The structure of an Eps15/R⋅Fcho1 μ-homology domain complex reveals a spacing-dependent DPF triad, bound in a mechanistically distinct way from the mode of single DPF binding to AP-2. Using cells lacking FCHO1/2 and with Eps15 sequestered from the plasma membrane, we establish that without these two endocytic pioneers, AP-2 assemblies are fleeting and endocytosis stalls. Thus, distinct DPF-based codes within the unstructured Eps15/R C terminus direct the assembly of temporary Fcho1/2⋅Eps15/R⋅AP-2 ternary complexes to facilitate conformational activation of AP-2 by the Fcho1/2 interdomain linker to promote AP-2 cargo engagement. The endocytic pioneer protein Eps15 engages AP-2 and Fcho1/2 noncompetitively Structural analysis shows arrayed DPF motif triad in Eps15 for Fcho1/2 μHD binding DPF-based codes direct transient Fcho1/2⋅Eps15/R⋅AP-2 ternary complex formation In ternary complex, Fcho1 interdomain linker primes AP-2 for cargo capture
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Perunthottathu K Umasankar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Antoni G Wrobel
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Anastasia Lymar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Airlie J McCoy
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sachin S Holkar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anupma Jha
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David J Owen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Linton M Traub
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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115
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Chamberland JP, Antonow LT, Dias Santos M, Ritter B. NECAP2 controls clathrin coat recruitment to early endosomes for fast endocytic recycling. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2625-37. [PMID: 27206861 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytic recycling returns receptors to the plasma membrane following internalization and is essential to maintain receptor levels on the cell surface, re-sensitize cells to extracellular ligands and for continued nutrient uptake. Yet, the protein machineries and mechanisms that drive endocytic recycling remain ill-defined. Here, we establish that NECAP2 regulates the endocytic recycling of EGFR and transferrin receptor. Our analysis of the recycling dynamics revealed that NECAP2 functions in the fast recycling pathway that directly returns cargo from early endosomes to the cell surface. In contrast, NECAP2 does not regulate the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of these cargos, the degradation of EGFR or the recycling of transferrin along the slow, Rab11-dependent recycling pathway. We show that protein knockdown of NECAP2 leads to enlarged early endosomes and causes the loss of the clathrin adapter AP-1 from the organelle. Through structure-function analysis, we define the protein-binding interfaces in NECAP2 that are crucial for AP-1 recruitment to early endosomes. Together, our data identify NECAP2 as a pathway-specific regulator of clathrin coat formation on early endosomes for fast endocytic recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Chamberland
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lauren T Antonow
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michel Dias Santos
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Brigitte Ritter
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Wang C, Hu T, Yan X, Meng T, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhang X, Gu Y, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Gadeyne A, Lin J, Persson S, Van Damme D, Li C, Bednarek SY, Pan J. Differential Regulation of Clathrin and Its Adaptor Proteins during Membrane Recruitment for Endocytosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:215-29. [PMID: 26945051 PMCID: PMC4854679 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is dependent on the function of clathrin and its accessory heterooligomeric adaptor protein complexes, ADAPTOR PROTEIN2 (AP-2) and the TPLATE complex (TPC), and is negatively regulated by the hormones auxin and salicylic acid (SA). The details for how clathrin and its adaptor complexes are recruited to the plasma membrane (PM) to regulate CME, however, are poorly understood. We found that SA and the pharmacological CME inhibitor tyrphostin A23 reduce the membrane association of clathrin and AP-2, but not that of the TPC, whereas auxin solely affected clathrin membrane association, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Genetic and pharmacological experiments revealed that loss of AP2μ or AP2σ partially affected the membrane association of other AP-2 subunits and that the AP-2 subunit AP2σ, but not AP2μ, was required for SA- and tyrphostin A23-dependent inhibition of CME Furthermore, we show that although AP-2 and the TPC are both required for the PM recruitment of clathrin in wild-type cells, the TPC is necessary for clathrin PM association in AP-2-deficient cells. These results indicate that developmental signals may differentially modulate the membrane recruitment of clathrin and its core accessory complexes to regulate the process of CME in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Tianwei Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Tingting Meng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Yutong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Qingmei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Ying Gu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Clara Sánchez-Rodríguez
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Astrid Gadeyne
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Jinxing Lin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Staffan Persson
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Chuanyou Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Sebastian Y Bednarek
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
| | - Jianwei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (C.W., T.H., X.Y., T.M., Y.W., Q.W., J.P.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.Z., C.L.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Y.G.);Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.-R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.G., D.V.D.);College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (J.L.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.Y.B.)
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117
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Imaging approaches for analysis of cholesterol distribution and dynamics in the plasma membrane. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 199:106-135. [PMID: 27016337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important lipid component of the plasma membrane (PM) of mammalian cells, where it is involved in control of many physiological processes, such as endocytosis, cell migration, cell signalling and surface ruffling. In an attempt to explain these functions of cholesterol, several models have been put forward about cholesterol's lateral and transbilayer organization in the PM. In this article, we review imaging techniques developed over the last two decades for assessing the distribution and dynamics of cholesterol in the PM of mammalian cells. Particular focus is on fluorescence techniques to study the lateral and inter-leaflet distribution of suitable cholesterol analogues in the PM of living cells. We describe also several methods for determining lateral cholesterol dynamics in the PM including fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), single particle tracking (SPT) and spot variation FCS coupled to stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. For proper interpretation of such measurements, we provide some background in probe photophysics and diffusion phenomena occurring in cell membranes. In particular, we show the equivalence of the reaction-diffusion approach, as used in FRAP and FCS, and continuous time random walk (CTRW) models, as often invoked in SPT studies. We also discuss mass spectrometry (MS) based imaging of cholesterol in the PM of fixed cells and compare this method with fluorescence imaging of sterols. We conclude that evidence from many experimental techniques converges towards a model of a homogeneous distribution of cholesterol with largely free and unhindered diffusion in both leaflets of the PM.
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118
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Endocytic pathways and endosomal trafficking: a primer. Wien Med Wochenschr 2016; 166:196-204. [PMID: 26861668 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-016-0432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This brief overview of endocytic trafficking is written in honor of Renate Fuchs, who retires this year. In the mid-1980s, Renate pioneered studies on the ion-conducting properties of the recently discovered early and late endosomes and the mechanisms governing endosomal acidification. As described in this review, after uptake through one of many mechanistically distinct endocytic pathways, internalized proteins merge into a common early/sorting endosome. From there they again diverge along distinct sorting pathways, back to the cell surface, on to the trans-Golgi network or across polarized cells. Other transmembrane receptors are packaged into intraluminal vesicles of late endosomes/multivesicular bodies that eventually fuse with and deliver their content to lysosomes for degradation. Endosomal acidification, in part, determines sorting along this pathway. We describe other sorting machinery and mechanisms, as well as the rab proteins and phosphatidylinositol lipids that serve to dynamically define membrane compartments along the endocytic pathway.
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119
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Cheng JPX, Mendoza-Topaz C, Howard G, Chadwick J, Shvets E, Cowburn AS, Dunmore BJ, Crosby A, Morrell NW, Nichols BJ. Caveolae protect endothelial cells from membrane rupture during increased cardiac output. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:53-61. [PMID: 26459598 PMCID: PMC4602045 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201504042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides direct in vivo evidence that endothelial cell caveolae disassemble and hence flatten out under increased mechanical stress and that the presence of caveolae protects endothelial cell plasma membranes from damage. Caveolae are strikingly abundant in endothelial cells, yet the physiological functions of caveolae in endothelium and other tissues remain incompletely understood. Previous studies suggest a mechanoprotective role, but whether this is relevant under the mechanical forces experienced by endothelial cells in vivo is unclear. In this study we have sought to determine whether endothelial caveolae disassemble under increased hemodynamic forces, and whether caveolae help prevent acute rupture of the plasma membrane under these conditions. Experiments in cultured cells established biochemical assays for disassembly of caveolar protein complexes, and assays for acute loss of plasma membrane integrity. In vivo, we demonstrate that caveolae in endothelial cells of the lung and cardiac muscle disassemble in response to acute increases in cardiac output. Electron microscopy and two-photon imaging reveal that the plasma membrane of microvascular endothelial cells in caveolin 1−/− mice is much more susceptible to acute rupture when cardiac output is increased. These data imply that mechanoprotection through disassembly of caveolae is important for endothelial function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade P X Cheng
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Carolina Mendoza-Topaz
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Gillian Howard
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Jessica Chadwick
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Elena Shvets
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Andrew S Cowburn
- Department of Physiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | | | - Alexi Crosby
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | | | - Benjamin J Nichols
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
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120
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Yu Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yan X, Wang C, Xu J, Pan J. Clathrin-Mediated Auxin Efflux and Maxima Regulate Hypocotyl Hook Formation and Light-Stimulated Hook Opening in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:101-112. [PMID: 26458873 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of auxin maxima by PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3)- and AUXIN RESISTANT 1/LIKE AUX1 (LAX) 3 (AUX1/LAX3)-mediated auxin transport is essential for hook formation in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. Until now, however, the underlying regulatory mechanism has remained poorly understood. Here, we show that loss of function of clathrin light chain CLC2 and CLC3 genes enhanced auxin maxima and thereby hook curvature, alleviated the inhibitory effect of auxin overproduction on auxin maxima and hook curvature, and delayed blue light-stimulated auxin maxima reduction and hook opening. Moreover, pharmacological experiments revealed that auxin maxima formation and hook curvature in clc2 clc3 were sensitive to auxin efflux inhibitors 1-naphthylphthalamic acid and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid but not to the auxin influx inhibitor 1-naphthoxyacetic acid. Live-cell imaging analysis further uncovered that loss of CLC2 and CLC3 function impaired PIN3 endocytosis and promoted its lateralization in the cortical cells but did not affect AUX1 localization. Taken together, these results suggest that clathrin regulates auxin maxima and thereby hook formation through modulating PIN3 localization and auxin efflux, providing a novel mechanism that integrates developmental signals and environmental cues to regulate plant skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, NUS Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, NUS Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Chapter Six - The Ubiquitin Network in the Control of EGFR Endocytosis and Signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 141:225-76. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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122
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Cheng JPX, Nichols BJ. Caveolae: One Function or Many? Trends Cell Biol 2015; 26:177-189. [PMID: 26653791 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae are small, bulb-shaped plasma membrane invaginations. Mutations that ablate caveolae lead to diverse phenotypes in mice and humans, making it challenging to uncover their molecular mechanisms. Caveolae have been described to function in endocytosis and transcytosis (a specialized form of endocytosis) and in maintaining membrane lipid composition, as well as acting as signaling platforms. New data also support a model in which the central function of caveolae could be related to the protection of cells from mechanical stress within the plasma membrane. We present evidence for these diverse roles and consider in vitro and in vivo experiments confirming a mechanoprotective role. We conclude by highlighting current gaps in our knowledge of how mechanical signals may be transduced by caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade P X Cheng
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Benjamin J Nichols
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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123
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Robinson MS. Forty Years of Clathrin-coated Vesicles. Traffic 2015; 16:1210-38. [PMID: 26403691 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purification of coated vesicles and the discovery of clathrin by Barbara Pearse in 1975 was a landmark in cell biology. Over the past 40 years, work from many labs has uncovered the molecular details of clathrin and its associated proteins, including how they assemble into a coated vesicle and how they select cargo. Unexpected connections have been found with signalling, development, neuronal transmission, infection, immunity and genetic disorders. But there are still a number of unanswered questions, including how clathrin-mediated trafficking is regulated and how the machinery evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S Robinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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124
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Crupi MJF, Yoganathan P, Bone LN, Lian E, Fetz A, Antonescu CN, Mulligan LM. Distinct Temporal Regulation of RET Isoform Internalization: Roles of Clathrin and AP2. Traffic 2015; 16:1155-73. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu J. F. Crupi
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Piriya Yoganathan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Leslie N. Bone
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Eric Lian
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Andrew Fetz
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Lois M. Mulligan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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125
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Elkin SR, Bendris N, Reis CR, Zhou Y, Xie Y, Huffman KE, Minna JD, Schmid SL. A systematic analysis reveals heterogeneous changes in the endocytic activities of cancer cells. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4640-50. [PMID: 26359453 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process requiring cancer cell signaling, invasion, migration, survival, and proliferation. These processes require dynamic modulation of cell surface proteins by endocytosis. Given this functional connection, it has been suggested that endocytosis is dysregulated in cancer. To test this, we developed In-Cell ELISA assays to measure three different endocytic pathways: clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and clathrin-independent endocytosis and compared these activities using two different syngeneic models for normal and oncogene-transformed human lung epithelial cells. We found that all endocytic activities were reduced in the transformed versus normal counterparts. However, when we screened 29 independently isolated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines to determine whether these changes were systematic, we observed significant heterogeneity. Nonetheless, using hierarchical clustering based on their combined endocytic properties, we identified two phenotypically distinct clusters of NSCLCs. One co-clustered with mutations in KRAS, a mesenchymal phenotype, increased invasion through collagen and decreased growth in soft agar, whereas the second was enriched in cells with an epithelial phenotype. Interestingly, the two clusters also differed significantly in clathrin-independent internalization and surface expression of CD44 and CD59. Taken together, our results suggest that endocytotic alterations in cancer cells that affect cell surface expression of critical molecules have a significant influence on cancer-relevant phenotypes, with potential implications for interventions to control cancer by modulating endocytic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Elkin
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nawal Bendris
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carlos R Reis
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Science and Quantitative Biomedical Research Center (QBRC), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinical Science and Quantitative Biomedical Research Center (QBRC), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kenneth E Huffman
- The Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John D Minna
- The Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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126
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Zwiewka M, Nodzyński T, Robert S, Vanneste S, Friml J. Osmotic Stress Modulates the Balance between Exocytosis and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1175-87. [PMID: 25795554 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The sessile life style of plants creates the need to deal with an often adverse environment, in which water availability can change on a daily basis, challenging the cellular physiology and integrity. Changes in osmotic conditions disrupt the equilibrium of the plasma membrane: hypoosmotic conditions increase and hyperosmotic environment decrease the cell volume. Here, we show that short-term extracellular osmotic treatments are closely followed by a shift in the balance between endocytosis and exocytosis in root meristem cells. Acute hyperosmotic treatments (ionic and nonionic) enhance clathrin-mediated endocytosis simultaneously attenuating exocytosis, whereas hypoosmotic treatments have the opposite effects. In addition to clathrin recruitment to the plasma membrane, components of early endocytic trafficking are essential during hyperosmotic stress responses. Consequently, growth of seedlings defective in elements of clathrin or early endocytic machinery is more sensitive to hyperosmotic treatments. We also found that the endocytotic response to a change of osmotic status in the environment is dominant over the presumably evolutionary more recent regulatory effect of plant hormones, such as auxin. These results imply that osmotic perturbation influences the balance between endocytosis and exocytosis acting through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We propose that tension on the plasma membrane determines the addition or removal of membranes at the cell surface, thus preserving cell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zwiewka
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Tomasz Nodzyński
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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127
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Schubert T, Römer W. How synthetic membrane systems contribute to the understanding of lipid-driven endocytosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015. [PMID: 26211452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic membrane systems, such as giant unilamellar vesicles and solid supported lipid bilayers, have widened our understanding of biological processes occurring at or through membranes. Artificial systems are particularly suited to study the inherent properties of membranes with regard to their components and characteristics. This review critically reflects the emerging molecular mechanism of lipid-driven endocytosis and the impact of model membrane systems in elucidating the complex interplay of biomolecules within this process. Lipid receptor clustering induced by binding of several toxins, viruses and bacteria to the plasma membrane leads to local membrane bending and formation of tubular membrane invaginations. Here, lipid shape, and protein structure and valency are the essential parameters in membrane deformation. Combining observations of complex cellular processes and their reconstitution on minimal systems seems to be a promising future approach to resolve basic underlying mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schubert
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraβe 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraβe 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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128
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Dutta D, Donaldson JG. Sorting of Clathrin-Independent Cargo Proteins Depends on Rab35 Delivered by Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. Traffic 2015; 16:994-1009. [PMID: 25988331 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) co-exist in most cells but little is known about their communication and coordination. Here we show that when CME was inhibited, endocytosis by CIE continued but endosomal trafficking of CIE cargo proteins was altered. CIE cargo proteins that normally traffic directly into Arf6-associated tubules after internalization and avoid degradation (CD44, CD98 and CD147) now trafficked to lysosomes and were degraded. The endosomal tubules were also absent and Arf6-GTP levels were elevated. The altered trafficking, loss of the tubular endosomal network and elevated Arf6-GTP levels caused by inhibition of CME were rescued by expression of Rab35, a Rab associated with clathrin-coated vesicles, or its effector ACAPs, Arf6 GTPase activating proteins (GAP) that inactivate Arf6. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of Rab35 recreated the phenotype of CME ablation on CIE cargo trafficking without altering endocytosis of transferrin. These observations suggest that Rab35 serves as a CME detector and that loss of CME, or Rab35 input, leads to elevated Arf6-GTP and shifts the sorting of CIE cargo proteins to lysosomes and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipannita Dutta
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julie G Donaldson
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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129
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Maritzen T, Schachtner H, Legler DF. On the move: endocytic trafficking in cell migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2119-34. [PMID: 25681867 PMCID: PMC11113590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is a fundamental process underlying diverse physiological and pathophysiological phenomena ranging from wound healing and induction of immune responses to cancer metastasis. Recent advances reveal that endocytic trafficking contributes to cell migration in multiple ways. (1) At the level of chemokines and chemokine receptors: internalization of chemokines by scavenger receptors is essential for shaping chemotactic gradients in tissue, whereas endocytosis of chemokine receptors and their subsequent recycling is key for maintaining a high responsiveness of migrating cells. (2) At the level of integrin trafficking and focal adhesion dynamics: endosomal pathways do not only modulate adhesion by delivering integrins to their site of action, but also by supplying factors for focal adhesion disassembly. (3) At the level of extracellular matrix reorganization: endosomal transport contributes to tumor cell migration not only by targeting integrins to invadosomes but also by delivering membrane type 1 matrix metalloprotease to the leading edge facilitating proteolysis-dependent chemotaxis. Consequently, numerous endocytic and endosomal factors have been shown to modulate cell migration. In fact key modulators of endocytic trafficking turn out to be also key regulators of cell migration. This review will highlight the recent progress in unraveling the contribution of cellular trafficking pathways to cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Schachtner
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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130
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Manna PT, Gadelha C, Puttick AE, Field MC. ENTH and ANTH domain proteins participate in AP2-independent clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2130-42. [PMID: 25908855 PMCID: PMC4450294 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.167726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a major route of entry into eukaryotic cells. A core of evolutionarily ancient genes encodes many components of this system but much of our mechanistic understanding of CME is derived from a phylogenetically narrow sampling of a few model organisms. In the parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which is distantly related to the better characterised animals and fungi, exceptionally fast endocytic turnover aids its evasion of the host immune system. Although clathrin is absolutely essential for this process, the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2) has been secondarily lost, suggesting mechanistic divergence. Here, we characterise two phosphoinositide-binding monomeric clathrin adaptors, T. brucei (Tb)EpsinR and TbCALM, which in trypanosomes are represented by single genes, unlike the expansions present in animals and fungi. Depletion of these gene products reveals essential, but partially redundant, activities in CME. Ultrastructural analysis of TbCALM and TbEpsinR double-knockdown cells demonstrated severe defects to clathrin-coated pit formation and morphology associated with a dramatic inhibition of endocytosis. Depletion of TbCALM alone, however, produced a distinct lysosomal segregation phenotype, indicating an additional non-redundant role for this protein. Therefore, TbEpsinR and TbCALM represent ancient phosphoinositide-binding proteins with distinct and vital roles in AP2-independent endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Manna
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Catarina Gadelha
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Amy E Puttick
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Mark C Field
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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131
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Shvets E, Bitsikas V, Howard G, Hansen CG, Nichols BJ. Dynamic caveolae exclude bulk membrane proteins and are required for sorting of excess glycosphingolipids. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6867. [PMID: 25897946 PMCID: PMC4410672 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae have long been implicated in endocytosis. Recent data question this link, and in the absence of specific cargoes the potential cellular function of caveolar endocytosis remains unclear. Here we develop new tools, including doubly genome-edited cell lines, to assay the subcellular dynamics of caveolae using tagged proteins expressed at endogenous levels. We find that around 5% of the cellular pool of caveolae is present on dynamic endosomes, and is delivered to endosomes in a clathrin-independent manner. Furthermore, we show that caveolae are indeed likely to bud directly from the plasma membrane. Using a genetically encoded tag for electron microscopy and ratiometric light microscopy, we go on to show that bulk membrane proteins are depleted within caveolae. Although caveolae are likely to account for only a small proportion of total endocytosis, cells lacking caveolae show fundamentally altered patterns of membrane traffic when loaded with excess glycosphingolipid. Altogether, these observations support the hypothesis that caveolar endocytosis is specialized for transport of membrane lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shvets
- MRC-LMB, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | | | - Carsten Gram Hansen
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine UCSD, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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132
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Johannes L, Parton RG, Bassereau P, Mayor S. Building endocytic pits without clathrin. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:311-21. [PMID: 25857812 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How endocytic pits are built in clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis still remains poorly understood. Recent insight suggests that different forms of clathrin-independent endocytosis might involve the actin-driven focusing of membrane constituents, the lectin-glycosphingolipid-dependent construction of endocytic nanoenvironments, and Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain proteins serving as scaffolding modules. We discuss the need for different types of internalization processes in the context of diverse cellular functions, the existence of clathrin-independent mechanisms of cargo recruitment and membrane bending from a biological and physical perspective, and finally propose a generic scheme for the formation of clathrin-independent endocytic pits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery Group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France; and INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Membrane and Cell Functions Group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR168, 75005 Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Cellular Organization and Signaling Group, and at Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, UAS-GKVK Campus, 560 065 Bangalore, India
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133
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Yap CC, Winckler B. Adapting for endocytosis: roles for endocytic sorting adaptors in directing neural development. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:119. [PMID: 25904845 PMCID: PMC4389405 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper cortical development depends on the orchestrated actions of a multitude of guidance receptors and adhesion molecules and their downstream signaling. The levels of these receptors on the surface and their precise locations can greatly affect guidance outcomes. Trafficking of receptors to a particular surface locale and removal by endocytosis thus feed crucially into the final guidance outcomes. In addition, endocytosis of receptors can affect downstream signaling (both quantitatively and qualitatively) and regulated endocytosis of guidance receptors is thus an important component of ensuring proper neural development. We will discuss the cell biology of regulated endocytosis and the impact on neural development. We focus our discussion on endocytic accessory proteins (EAPs) (such as numb and disabled) and how they regulate endocytosis and subsequent post-endocytic trafficking of their cognate receptors (such as Notch, TrkB, β-APP, VLDLR, and ApoER2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
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134
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Kural C, Akatay AA, Gaudin R, Chen BC, Legant WR, Betzig E, Kirchhausen T. Asymmetric formation of coated pits on dorsal and ventral surfaces at the leading edges of motile cells and on protrusions of immobile cells. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2044-53. [PMID: 25851602 PMCID: PMC4472015 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-01-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin/AP2-coated vesicles are the principal endocytic carriers originating at the plasma membrane. In the experiments reported here, we used spinning-disk confocal and lattice light-sheet microscopy to study the assembly dynamics of coated pits on the dorsal and ventral membranes of migrating U373 glioblastoma cells stably expressing AP2 tagged with enhanced green fluorescence (AP2-EGFP) and on lateral protrusions from immobile SUM159 breast carcinoma cells, gene-edited to express AP2-EGFP. On U373 cells, coated pits initiated on the dorsal membrane at the front of the lamellipodium and at the approximate boundary between the lamellipodium and lamella and continued to grow as they were swept back toward the cell body; coated pits were absent from the corresponding ventral membrane. We observed a similar dorsal/ventral asymmetry on membrane protrusions from SUM159 cells. Stationary coated pits formed and budded on the remainder of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of both types of cells. These observations support a previously proposed model that invokes net membrane deposition at the leading edge due to an imbalance between the endocytic and exocytic membrane flow at the front of a migrating cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comert Kural
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ahmet Ata Akatay
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Raphaël Gaudin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Wesley R Legant
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Eric Betzig
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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135
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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