151
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Pendola M, Davidyants A, Jung YS, Evans JS. Sea Urchin Spicule Matrix Proteins Form Mesoscale "Smart" Hydrogels That Exhibit Selective Ion Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6151-6158. [PMID: 31457861 PMCID: PMC6644494 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the sea urchin embryo spicule, there exists a proteome of >200 proteins that are responsible for controlling the mineralization of the spicule and the formation of a fracture-resistant composite. In this report, using recombinant proteins, we identify that two protein components of the spicule, SM30B/C and SM50, are hydrogelators. Because of the presence of intrinsic disorder and aggregation-prone regions, these proteins assemble to form porous mesoscale hydrogel particles in solution. These hydrogel particles change their size, organization, and internal structure in response to pH and ions, particularly Ca(II), which indicates that these behave as ion-responsive or "smart" hydrogels. Using diffusion-ordered spectroscopy NMR, we find that both hydrogels affect the diffusion of water, but only SM50 affects the diffusion of an anionic solute. Thus, the extracellular matrix of the spicule consists of several hydrogelator proteins which are responsive to solution conditions and can control the diffusion of water and solutes, and these proteins will serve as a model system for designing ion-responsive, composite, and smart hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pendola
- Center for Skeletal Biology and Craniofacial
Medicine, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New
York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Anastasia Davidyants
- Center for Skeletal Biology and Craniofacial
Medicine, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New
York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Yong Seob Jung
- Center for Skeletal Biology and Craniofacial
Medicine, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New
York, New York 10010, United States
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Center for Skeletal Biology and Craniofacial
Medicine, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New
York, New York 10010, United States
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152
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Abstract
Understanding and controlling nucleation is important for many crystallization applications. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is often used as a model system to investigate nucleation mechanisms. Despite its great importance in geology, biology, and many industrial applications, CaCO3 nucleation is still a topic of intense discussion, with new pathways for its growth from ions in solution proposed in recent years. These new pathways include the so-called nonclassical nucleation mechanism via the assembly of thermodynamically stable prenucleation clusters, as well as the formation of a dense liquid precursor phase via liquid-liquid phase separation. Here, we present results from a combined experimental and computational investigation on the precipitation of CaCO3 in dilute aqueous solutions. We propose that a dense liquid phase (containing 4-7 H2O per CaCO3 unit) forms in supersaturated solutions through the association of ions and ion pairs without significant participation of larger ion clusters. This liquid acts as the precursor for the formation of solid CaCO3 in the form of vaterite, which grows via a net transfer of ions from solution according to z Ca2+ + z CO32- → z CaCO3 The results show that all steps in this process can be explained according to classical concepts of crystal nucleation and growth, and that long-standing physical concepts of nucleation can describe multistep, multiphase growth mechanisms.
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153
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Molecular mechanism of water reorientational slowing down in concentrated ionic solutions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10023-10028. [PMID: 28874580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707453114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Water dynamics in concentrated ionic solutions plays an important role in a number of material and energy conversion processes such as the charge transfer at the electrolyte-electrode interface in aqueous rechargeable ion batteries. One long-standing puzzle is that all electrolytes, regardless of their "structure-making/breaking" nature, make water rotate slower at high concentrations. To understand this effect, we present a theoretical simulation study of the reorientational motion of water molecules in different ionic solutions. Using an extended Ivanov model, water rotation is decomposed into contributions from large-amplitude angular jumps and a slower frame motion which was studied in a coarse-grained manner. Bearing a certain resemblance to water rotation near large biological molecules, the general deceleration is found to be largely due to the coupling of the slow, collective component of water rotation with the motion of large hydrated ion clusters ubiquitously existing in the concentrated ionic solutions. This finding is at variance with the intuitive expectation that the slowing down is caused by the change in fast, single-molecular water hydrogen bond switching adjacent to the ions.
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154
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Whittaker ML, Joester D. ACBC to Balcite: Bioinspired Synthesis of a Highly Substituted High-Temperature Phase from an Amorphous Precursor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606730. [PMID: 28452398 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy-efficient synthesis of materials locked in compositional and structural states far from equilibrium remains a challenging goal, yet biomineralizing organisms routinely assemble such materials with sophisticated designs and advanced functional properties, often using amorphous precursors. However, incorporation of organics limits the useful temperature range of these materials. Herein, the bioinspired synthesis of a highly supersaturated calcite (Ca0.5 Ba0.5 CO3 ) called balcite is reported, at mild conditions and using an amorphous calcium-barium carbonate (ACBC) (Ca1-x Ba x CO3 ·1.2H2 O) precursor. Balcite not only contains 50 times more barium than the solubility limit in calcite but also displays the rotational disorder on carbonate sites that is typical for high-temperature calcite. It is significantly harder (30%) and less stiff than calcite, and retains these properties after heating to elevated temperatures. Analysis of balcite local order suggests that it may require the formation of the ACBC precursor and could therefore be an example of nonclassical nucleation. These findings demonstrate that amorphous precursor pathways are powerfully enabling and provide unprecedented access to materials far from equilibrium, including high-temperature modifications by room-temperature synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derk Joester
- Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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155
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Ma X, Zhang S, Jiao F, Newcomb CJ, Zhang Y, Prakash A, Liao Z, Baer MD, Mundy CJ, Pfaendtner J, Noy A, Chen CL, De Yoreo JJ. Tuning crystallization pathways through sequence engineering of biomimetic polymers. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:767-774. [PMID: 28414316 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-step nucleation pathways in which disordered, amorphous, or dense liquid states precede the appearance of crystalline phases have been reported for a wide range of materials, but the dynamics of such pathways are poorly understood. Moreover, whether these pathways are general features of crystallizing systems or a consequence of system-specific structural details that select for direct versus two-step processes is unknown. Using atomic force microscopy to directly observe crystallization of sequence-defined polymers, we show that crystallization pathways are indeed sequence dependent. When a short hydrophobic region is added to a sequence that directly forms crystalline particles, crystallization instead follows a two-step pathway that begins with the creation of disordered clusters of 10-20 molecules and is characterized by highly non-linear crystallization kinetics in which clusters transform into ordered structures that then enter the growth phase. The results shed new light on non-classical crystallization mechanisms and have implications for the design of self-assembling polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Fang Jiao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Christina J Newcomb
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Arushi Prakash
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Zhihao Liao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Marcel D Baer
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - James Pfaendtner
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- School of Natural Sciences University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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156
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Ferreira C, Barbosa S, Taboada P, Rocha FA, Damas AM, Martins PM. The nucleation of protein crystals as a race against time with on- and off-pathways. J Appl Crystallogr 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576717007312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High supersaturation levels are a necessary but insufficient condition for the crystallization of purified proteins. Unlike most small molecules, proteins can take diverse aggregation pathways that make the outcome of crystallization assays quite unpredictable. Here, dynamic light scattering and optical microscopy were used to show that the nucleation of lysozyme crystals is preceded by an initial step of protein oligomerization and by the progressive formation of metastable clusters. Because these steps deplete the concentration of soluble monomers, the probability of obtaining protein crystals decreases as time progresses. Stochastic variations of the induction time are thus amplified to a point where fast crystallization can coexist with unyielding regimes in the same conditions. With an initial hydrodynamic radius of ∼100 nm, the metastable clusters also promote the formation of protein crystals through a mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation. Crystal growth (on-pathway) takes place in parallel with cluster growth (off-pathway). The Janus-faced influence of the mesoscopic clusters is beneficial when it accelerates the formation of the first precrystalline nuclei and is detrimental as it depletes the solution of protein ready to crystallize. Choosing the right balance between the two effects is critical for determining the success of protein crystallization trials. The results presented here suggest that a mild oligomerization degree promotes the formation of a small number of metastable clusters which then catalyze the nucleation of well differentiated crystals.
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157
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Jiang Y, Kellermeier M, Gebaue D, Lu Z, Rosenberg R, Moise A, Przybylski M, Cölfen H. Growth of organic crystals via attachment and transformation of nanoscopic precursors. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28635962 PMCID: PMC5482053 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A key requirement for the understanding of crystal growth is to detect how new layers form and grow at the nanoscale. Multistage crystallization pathways involving liquid-like, amorphous or metastable crystalline precursors have been predicted by theoretical work and have been observed experimentally. Nevertheless, there is no clear evidence that any of these precursors can also be relevant for the growth of crystals of organic compounds. Herein, we present a new growth mode for crystals of DL-glutamic acid monohydrate that proceeds through the attachment of preformed nanoscopic species from solution, their subsequent decrease in height at the surface and final transformation into crystalline 2D nuclei that eventually build new molecular layers by further monomer incorporation. This alternative mechanism provides a direct proof for the existence of multistage pathways in the crystallization of molecular compounds and the relevance of precursor units larger than the monomeric constituents in the actual stage of growth. Multistage crystallization pathways involving nanoscopic precursors or intermediates have been proposed for various systems. Here, the authors find compelling evidence that nanoscopic species participate in the crystallization of glutamic acid monohydrate, extending this non-classical growth mechanism to organic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Si Ming Nan Lu 422, 361005 Xiamen, China.,Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Si Ming Nan Lu 422, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | | | - Denis Gebaue
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Zihao Lu
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Si Ming Nan Lu 422, 361005 Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Si Ming Nan Lu 422, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Rose Rosenberg
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Adrian Moise
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Przybylski
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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158
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Tan SF, Chee SW, Lin G, Mirsaidov U. Direct Observation of Interactions between Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle Self-Assembly in Solution. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1303-1312. [PMID: 28485945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically organized nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique properties and are relevant to various technological applications. An important "bottom-up" strategy for building such hierarchical nanostructures is to guide the individual NPs into ordered nanoarchitectures using intermolecular interactions and external forces. However, our current understanding of the nanoscale interactions that govern such self-assembly processes usually relies on post-synthesis/assembly or indirect characterization. Theoretical models that can derive these interactions are presently constrained to systems with only a few particles or on short time scales. Hence, except for a number of special cases, a description that captures the detailed mechanisms of NP self-assembly still eludes us. By imaging the assembly of NPs in solution with subnanometer resolution and in real-time, in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) can identify previously unknown intermediate stages and improve our understanding of such processes. Here, we review recent studies where we explored NP self-assembly at different organization length scales using LC-TEM: (1) we followed the transformation of atoms into crystalline NPs in solution, (2) we highlighted the role of solvation forces on interaction dynamics between NPs, and (3) we described the assembly dynamics of NPs in solution. In the case of nanocrystal nucleation, we identified the existence of three distinct steps that lead to the formation of crystalline nuclei in solution. These steps are spinodal decomposition of the precursor solution into solute-rich and solute-poor liquid phases, nucleation of amorphous clusters within the solute-rich liquid phase, followed by crystallization of these amorphous clusters into crystalline NPs. The next question we ask is how NPs interact in solution once they form. It turns out that the hydration layer surrounding each NP acts as a repulsive barrier that prevents NPs from readily attaching to each other due to attractive vdW forces. Consequently, two interacting NPs form a metastable pair separated by their one water molecule thick hydration shell and they undergo attachment only when this water between them is drained. Next, we explore the self-assembly of many NP systems where the formation of linear chains from spherical NPs or nanorods (NRs) is mediated by linker molecules. At low linker concentration, both spherical NPs and NRs tend to form linear chains because of the need to reduce electrostatic repulsion between NP building blocks. When the concentration of linkers is increased, the attachment of NPs is no longer linear. For example, we find that two NRs undergo side-to-side assembly due to decreased electrostatic repulsion and the anisotropic distribution of linkers on NR surfaces at high linker concentration. Lastly, we look at the formation of NP nanorings directed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) nanodroplets in water. Our study shows that nanoring assemblies form via sequential attachment of NPs to binding sites located along the circumference of the EDTA nanodroplet, followed by rearrangement and reorientation of the attached NPs. Our approach based on real-time visualization of nanoscale processes not only reveals all the intermediate steps of NP assembly, but also provides quantitative description on the interactions between nanoscale objects in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fen Tan
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117551 Singapore
- Centre
for BioImaging Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117557 Singapore
| | - See Wee Chee
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117551 Singapore
- Centre
for BioImaging Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117557 Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore
| | - Guanhua Lin
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117551 Singapore
- Centre
for BioImaging Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117557 Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Utkur Mirsaidov
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117551 Singapore
- Centre
for BioImaging Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117557 Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
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159
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160
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Yao S, Jin B, Liu Z, Shao C, Zhao R, Wang X, Tang R. Biomineralization: From Material Tactics to Biological Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605903. [PMID: 28229486 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is an important tactic by which biological organisms produce hierarchically structured minerals with marvellous functions. Biomineralization studies typically focus on the mediation function of organic matrices on inorganic minerals, which helps scientists to design and synthesize bioinspired functional materials. However, the presence of inorganic minerals may also alter the native behaviours of organic matrices and even biological organisms. This progress report discusses the latest achievements relating to biomineralization mechanisms, the manufacturing of biomimetic materials and relevant applications in biological and biomedical fields. In particular, biomineralized vaccines and algae with improved thermostability and photosynthesis, respectively, demonstrate that biomineralization is a strategy for organism evolution via the rational design of organism-material complexes. The successful modification of biological systems using materials is based on the regulatory effect of inorganic materials on organic organisms, which is another aspect of biomineralization control. Unlike previous studies, this study integrates materials and biological science to achieve a more comprehensive view of the mechanisms and applications of biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Biao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Changyu Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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161
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Design of multi-phase dynamic chemical networks. Nat Chem 2017; 9:799-804. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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162
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Radu M, Kremer K. Enhanced Crystal Growth in Binary Lennard-Jones Mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:055702. [PMID: 28211741 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.055702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the crystal growth in binary Lennard-Jones mixtures by molecular dynamics simulations. Growth dynamics, the structure of the liquid-solid interfaces as well as droplet incorporation into the crystal vary with solution properties. For demixed systems we observe a strongly enhanced crystal growth at the cost of enclosed impurities. Furthermore, we find different interface morphologies depending on solubility. We relate our observations to growth mechanisms based on the Gibbs-Thomson effect as well as to predictions of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang theory in 2+1 dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radu
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Kremer
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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163
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Wolf SLP, Caballero L, Melo F, Cölfen H. Gel-Like Calcium Carbonate Precursors Observed by in situ AFM. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:158-163. [PMID: 27992206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The debate about crystallization processes is still ongoing and nonclassical crystallization mechanisms attract more and more attention. This work indicates that polymer induced liquid precursor (PILP) phases play a role for nonclassical calcium carbonate crystallization and growth processes. Here we report the observation of gel-like precursors for the crystal growth on a calcite surface by means of an in situ AFM study. These precursors spread out on the surface with time supporting their liquid character. This study will give new insights into biomineralization and crystallization processes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan L P Wolf
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz , 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Leonardo Caballero
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Avenida Ecuador 3493, Estación Central 9170124, Casilla 307, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Avenida Ecuador 3493, Estación Central 9170124, Casilla 307, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz , 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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164
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Wang HW, Daemen LL, Cheshire MC, Kidder MK, Stack AG, Allard LF, Neuefeind J, Olds D, Liu J, Page K. Synthesis and structure of synthetically pure and deuterated amorphous (basic) calcium carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2942-2945. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first neutron PDF data on deuterated A(B)CC, shedding new light on H(D)-bearing species in controlling polyamorphism and crystallization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Wen Wang
- Shull Wollan Center
- The University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Luke L. Daemen
- Spallation Neutron Source
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | | | | | - Andrew G. Stack
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Lawrence F. Allard
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Jörg Neuefeind
- Spallation Neutron Source
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Daniel Olds
- Spallation Neutron Source
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Jue Liu
- Spallation Neutron Source
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Katharine Page
- Spallation Neutron Source
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
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165
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Nguyen TY, Roessler EA, Rademann K, Emmerling F. Control of organic polymorph formation: crystallization pathways in acoustically levitated droplets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTheoretical and experimental studies indicate that crystal nucleation can take more complex pathways than expected on the ground of the classical nucleation theory. Among these pathways are the formation of pre-nucleation clusters and amorphous precursor phases. A direct
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166
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Abstract
We analyze the processes governing the lifetimes of transient metastable polymorphs, within the context of classical nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
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167
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Sebastiani F, Wolf SLP, Born B, Luong TQ, Cölfen H, Gebauer D, Havenith M. THz-Spektroskopie erlaubt Rückschlüsse auf die Wasserdynamik und die Lage einer flüssig-flüssig-binodalen Grenze in wässrigen CaCO3
-Lösungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sebastiani
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Stefan L. P. Wolf
- Physikalische Chemie; Universität Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Born
- Department of Biological Regulation; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Trung Quan Luong
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physikalische Chemie; Universität Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Physikalische Chemie; Universität Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Martina Havenith
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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168
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Sebastiani F, Wolf SLP, Born B, Luong TQ, Cölfen H, Gebauer D, Havenith M. Water Dynamics from THz Spectroscopy Reveal the Locus of a Liquid-Liquid Binodal Limit in Aqueous CaCO3
Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:490-495. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sebastiani
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Stefan L. P. Wolf
- Physical Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Benjamin Born
- Department of Biological Regulation; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Trung Quan Luong
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Physical Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Martina Havenith
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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169
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Lifanov Y, Vorselaars B, Quigley D. Nucleation barrier reconstruction via the seeding method in a lattice model with competing nucleation pathways. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:211912. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Lifanov
- Centre for Complexity Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Vorselaars
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - David Quigley
- Department of Physics and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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170
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Legg BA, De Yoreo JJ. The energetics of prenucleation clusters in lattice solutions. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:211921. [PMID: 28799379 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
According to classical nucleation theory, nucleation from solution involves the formation of small atomic clusters. Most formulations of classical nucleation use continuum "droplet" approximations to describe the properties of these clusters. However, the discrete atomic nature of very small clusters may cause deviations from these approximations. Here, we present a self-consistent framework for describing the nature of these deviations. We use our framework to investigate the formation of "polycube" atomic clusters on a cubic lattice, for which we have used combinatoric data to calculate the thermodynamic properties of clusters with 17 atoms or less. We show that the classical continuum droplet model emerges as a natural approach to describe the free energy of small clusters, but with a size-dependent surface tension. However, this formulation only arises if an appropriate "site-normalized" definition is adopted for the free energy of formation. These results are independently confirmed through the use of Monte Carlo calculations. Our results show that clusters formed from sparingly soluble materials (μM solubility range) tend to adopt compact configurations that minimize the solvent-solute interaction energy. As a consequence, there are distinct minima in the cluster-size-energy landscape that correspond to especially compact configurations. Conversely, highly soluble materials (1M) form clusters with expanded configurations that maximize configurational entropy. The effective surface tension of these clusters tends to smoothly and systematically decrease as the cluster size increases. However, materials with intermediate solubility (1 mM) are found to have a balanced behavior, with cluster energies that follow the classical "droplet" scaling laws remarkably well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Legg
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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171
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Perovic I, Davidyants A, Evans JS. Aragonite-Associated Mollusk Shell Protein Aggregates To Form Mesoscale "Smart" Hydrogels. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:886-893. [PMID: 30023493 PMCID: PMC6044582 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the mollusk shell there exists a framework silk fibroin-polysaccharide hydrogel coating around nacre aragonite tablets, and this coating facilitates the synthesis and organization of mineral nanoparticles into mesocrystals. In this report, we identify that a protein component of this coating, n16.3, is a hydrogelator. Due to the presence of intrinsic disorder, aggregation-prone regions, and nearly equal balance of anionic and cationic side chains, this protein assembles to form porous mesoscale hydrogel particles in solution and on mica surfaces. These hydrogel particles change their dimensionality, organization, and internal structure in response to pH and ions, particularly Ca(II), which indicates that these behave as ion-responsive or "smart" hydrogels. Thus, in addition to silk fibroins, the gel phase of the mollusk shell nacre framework layer may actually consist of several framework hydrogelator proteins, such as n16.3, which can promote mineral nanoparticle organization and assembly during the nacre biomineralization process and also serve as a model system for designing ion-responsive, composite, and smart hydrogels.
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172
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Cantaert B, Kuo D, Matsumura S, Nishimura T, Sakamoto T, Kato T. Use of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate for the Design of New Materials. Chempluschem 2016; 82:107-120. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Cantaert
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - David Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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173
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Schreiber RE, Houben L, Wolf SG, Leitus G, Lang ZL, Carbó JJ, Poblet JM, Neumann R. Real-time molecular scale observation of crystal formation. Nat Chem 2016; 9:369-373. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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174
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Rao A, Cölfen H. Mineralization and non-ideality: on nature's foundry. Biophys Rev 2016; 8:309-329. [PMID: 28510024 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-016-0228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how ions, ion-clusters and particles behave in non-ideal environments is a fundamental question concerning planetary to atomic scales. For biomineralization phenomena wherein diverse inorganic and organic ingredients are present in biological media, attributing biomaterial composition and structure to the chemistry of singular additives may not provide a holistic view of the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, we specifically address the consequences of physico-chemical non-ideality on mineral formation. Influences of different forms of non-ideality such as macromolecular crowding, confinement and liquid-like organic phases on mineral nucleation and crystallization in biological environments are presented. Novel prospects for the additive-controlled nucleation and crystallization are accessible from this biophysical view. In this manner, we show that non-ideal conditions significantly affect the form, structure and composition of biogenic and biomimetic minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashit Rao
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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175
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Choi JH, Cho M. Ion aggregation in high salt solutions. VI. Spectral graph analysis of chaotropic ion aggregates. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Choi
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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176
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Rodríguez-Navarro C, Ruiz-Agudo E, Harris J, Wolf SE. Nonclassical crystallization in vivo et in vitro (II): Nanogranular features in biomimetic minerals disclose a general colloid-mediated crystal growth mechanism. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:260-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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177
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Multiple pathways of crystal nucleation in an extremely supersaturated aqueous potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) solution droplet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13618-13623. [PMID: 27791068 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604938113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution studies have proposed that crystal nucleation can take more complex pathways than previously expected in classical nucleation theory, such as formation of prenucleation clusters or densified amorphous/liquid phases. These findings show that it is possible to separate fluctuations in the different order parameters governing crystal nucleation, that is, density and structure. However, a direct observation of the multipathways from aqueous solutions remains a great challenge because heterogeneous nucleation sites, such as container walls, can prevent these paths. Here, we demonstrate the existence of multiple pathways of nucleation in highly supersaturated aqueous KH2PO4 (KDP) solution using the combination of a containerless device (electrostatic levitation), and in situ micro-Raman and synchrotron X-ray scattering. Specifically, we find that, at an unprecedentedly deep level of supersaturation, a high-concentration KDP solution first transforms into a metastable crystal before reaching stability at room temperature. However, a low-concentration solution, with different local structures, directly transforms into the stable crystal phase. These apparent multiple pathways of crystallization depend on the degree of supersaturation.
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178
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Multistep nucleation of nanocrystals in aqueous solution. Nat Chem 2016; 9:77-82. [PMID: 27995918 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation and growth of solids from solutions impacts many natural processes and is fundamental to applications in materials engineering and medicine. For a crystalline solid, the nucleus is a nanoscale cluster of ordered atoms that forms through mechanisms still poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear whether a nucleus forms spontaneously from solution via a single- or multiple-step process. Here, using in situ electron microscopy, we show how gold and silver nanocrystals nucleate from supersaturated aqueous solutions in three distinct steps: spinodal decomposition into solute-rich and solute-poor liquid phases, nucleation of amorphous nanoclusters within the metal-rich liquid phase, followed by crystallization of these amorphous clusters. Our ab initio calculations on gold nucleation suggest that these steps might be associated with strong gold-gold atom coupling and water-mediated metastable gold complexes. The understanding of intermediate steps in nuclei formation has important implications for the formation and growth of both crystalline and amorphous materials.
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179
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Genovese D, Montalti M, Otálora F, Gómez-Morales J, Sancho-Tomás M, Falini G, García-Ruiz JM. Role of CaCO 3° Neutral Pair in Calcium Carbonate Crystallization. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2016; 16:4173-4177. [PMID: 27512345 PMCID: PMC4974600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structure of the units that get incorporated into the nuclei of the crystalline phase and sustain their growth is a fundamental issue in the pathway from a supersaturated solution to the formation of crystals. Using a fluorescent dye we have recorded the variation of the pH value in time along a gel where CaCl2 and NaHCO3 counter-diffuse to crystallize CaCO3. The same pH-space-time distribution maps were also computationally obtained using a chemical speciation code (phreeqc). Using data arising from this model we investigated the space-time evolution of the activity of the single species (ions and ion pairs) involved in the crystallization process. Our combined results suggest that, whatever the pathway from solution to crystals, the neutral pair CaCO3° is a key species in the CaCO3 precipitation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Genovese
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fermín Otálora
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto
Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. Las Palmeras, no 4, 18100 Armilla (Granada), Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Morales
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto
Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. Las Palmeras, no 4, 18100 Armilla (Granada), Spain
| | - María Sancho-Tomás
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto
Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. Las Palmeras, no 4, 18100 Armilla (Granada), Spain
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Juan Manuel García-Ruiz
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto
Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. Las Palmeras, no 4, 18100 Armilla (Granada), Spain
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180
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Ibsen CJS, Chernyshov D, Birkedal H. Apatite Formation from Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Mixed Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Amorphous Calcium Carbonate. Chemistry 2016; 22:12347-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper J. S. Ibsen
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 14 Gustav Wieds Vej 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 14 Gustav Wieds Vej 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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181
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Byington MC, Safari MS, Conrad JC, Vekilov PG. Protein Conformational Flexibility Enables the Formation of Dense Liquid Clusters: Tests Using Solution Shear. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2339-2345. [PMID: 27267087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
According to recently proposed two-step nucleation mechanisms, crystal nuclei form within preexisting dense liquid clusters. Clusters with radii about 100 nm, which capture from 10(-7) to 10(-3) of the total protein, have been observed with numerous proteins and shown to host crystal nucleation. Theories aiming to understand the mesoscopic size and small protein fraction held in the clusters have proposed that in solutions of single-chain proteins, the clusters consist of partially misfolded protein molecules. To test this conjecture, we perturb the protein conformation by shearing solutions of the protein lysozyme. We demonstrate that shear rates greater than a threshold applied for longer than 1 h reduce the volume of the cluster population. The likely mechanism of the observed response involves enhanced partial unfolding of lysozyme molecules, which exposes hydrophobic surfaces between the constituent domains to the aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Byington
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Mohammad S Safari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Peter G Vekilov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
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182
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Farhadi-Khouzani M, Chevrier DM, Zhang P, Hedin N, Gebauer D. Wasser als Schlüssel zu amorphem Proto-Aragonit-CaCO3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Farhadi-Khouzani
- Fachbereich Chemie, Physikalische Chemie; Universität Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, Fach 714 78457 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Daniel M. Chevrier
- Department of Chemistry & School of Biomedical Engineering; Dalhousie University; Halifax Kanada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & School of Biomedical Engineering; Dalhousie University; Halifax Kanada
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Stockholm University; Schweden
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Physikalische Chemie; Universität Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, Fach 714 78457 Konstanz Deutschland
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183
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Farhadi-Khouzani M, Chevrier DM, Zhang P, Hedin N, Gebauer D. Water as the Key to Proto-Aragonite Amorphous CaCO3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8117-20. [PMID: 27254155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and pH value can affect the short-range order of proto-structured and additive-free amorphous calcium carbonates (ACCs). Whereas a distinct change occurs in proto-vaterite (pv) ACC above 45 °C at pH 9.80, proto-calcite (pc) ACC (pH 8.75) is unaffected within the investigated range of temperatures (7-65 °C). IR and NMR spectroscopic studies together with EXAFS analysis showed that the temperature-induced change is related to the formation of proto-aragonite (pa) ACC. The data strongly suggest that the binding of water molecules induces dipole moments across the carbonate ions in pa-ACC as in aragonite, where the dipole moments are due to the symmetry of the crystal structure. Altogether, a (pseudo-)phase diagram of the CaCO3 polyamorphism in which water plays a key role can be formulated based on variables of state, such as the temperature, and solution parameters, such as the pH value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Farhadi-Khouzani
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel M Chevrier
- Department of Chemistry & School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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184
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Bera MK, Antonio MR. Crystallization of Keggin Heteropolyanions via a Two-Step Process in Aqueous Solutions. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7282-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Bera
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mark R. Antonio
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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185
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Wu F, Banerjee S, Li H, Myung Y, Banerjee P. Indirect Phase Transformation of CuO to Cu2O on a Nanowire Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:4485-4493. [PMID: 27093222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of CuO nanowires (NWs) to Cu2O NWs undergoes an indirect phase transformation on the surface: from single crystalline CuO, to a disordered Cu2-δO phase, and then to crystalline Cu2O. A 9-12 nm disordered Cu2-δO is formed on the NW surface by exposing CuO NWs to CO at 1 Torr, 300 °C for 30 min. After 60 min, this layer decreases to 2-3 nm and is eliminated after 180 min. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using a scanning tunneling electron microscope and across a single NW reveals the disordered layer to be O-rich with respect to Cu2O with a maximum at. % Cu:O = 1.8. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows adsorbed CO on the surface as evidence of the reduction reaction. Micro-Raman spectroscopy tracks the transformation in NWs as a function of reduction time. A CO enabled surface reduction reaction coupled to diffusion-limited transport of "nonlattice" O to the surface is proposed as a mechanism for Cu2-δO formation. The initial buildup of out-diffusing O to the surface appears to aid the formation of the disordered surface layer. The transformation follows Ostwald-Lussac's law which predicts formation of unstable phases over stable phases, when phase transformation rates are limited by kinetic or diffusional processes. The study provides a generalized approach for facile growth of few nanometer transient layers on multivalent, metal oxide NW surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sriya Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Huafang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yoon Myung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Parag Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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186
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Alhalaweh A, Bergström CAS, Taylor LS. Compromised in vitro dissolution and membrane transport of multidrug amorphous formulations. J Control Release 2016; 229:172-182. [PMID: 27006280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the thermodynamic properties of solutions evolving from the non-sink dissolution of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) containing two or more drugs have been evaluated, focusing on the maximum achievable supersaturation and tendency of the system to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Ritonavir (RTV) and atazanavir (ATV) were co-formulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone to produce ASDs with different molar ratios of each drug, and the dissolution profile of each drug was studied under non-sink conditions. The phase behavior of the supersaturated solutions generated by ASD dissolution was compared to that of supersaturated solutions generated by antisolvent addition. Dissolution of an ASD containing RTV, ATV and lopinavir (LPV) was also investigated. A thermodynamic model was used to predict the maximum achievable supersaturation for ASDs containing two and three drugs. In addition, a transport study with Caco-2 cells was conducted to evaluate the impact of co-addition of drugs on membrane transport. It was found that the formulation containing a 1:1 molar ratio of RTV and ATV achieved only 50% of the supersaturation attained by dissolution of the single drug systems. The maximum achievable concentration of ATV decreased linearly as the mole fraction of ATV in the formulation decreased and a similar trend was observed for RTV. For the dispersion containing a 1:1:1 molar ratio of RTV, ATV and LPV, the maximum concentration of each drug was only one third of that achieved for the single drug formulations. The decrease in the achievable supersaturation was well-predicted by the thermodynamic model for both the binary and ternary drug combinations. These observations can be explained by a decrease in the concentration at which the drugs undergo LLPS in the presence of other miscible drugs, thereby reducing the maximum achievable supersaturation of each drug. The reduced free drug concentration was reflected by a decreased flux across Caco-2 cells for the drug combinations compared to drug alone. This study sheds light on the complex dissolution and solution phase behavior of multicomponent amorphous dosage forms, in particular those containing poorly water soluble drugs, which may undergo supersaturation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Alhalaweh
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
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187
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Visualising the molecular alteration of the calcite (104) - water interface by sodium nitrate. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21576. [PMID: 26877225 PMCID: PMC4753505 DOI: 10.1038/srep21576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of calcite, one of the most abundant minerals in the earth’s crust, is determined by the molecular details of its interface with the contacting solution. Recently, it has been found that trace concentrations of NaNO3 severely affect calcite’s (104) surface and its reactivity. Here we combine molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, X-ray reflectivity (XR) and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe the calcite (104) – water interface in the presence of NaNO3. Simulations reveal density profiles of different ions near calcite’s surface, with NO3− able to reach closer to the surface than CO32− and in higher concentrations. Reflectivity measurements show a structural destabilisation of the (104) surfaces’ topmost atomic layers in NaNO3 bearing solution, with distorted rotation angles of the carbonate groups and substantial displacement of the lattice ions. Nanoscale AFM results confirm the alteration of crystallographic characteristics, and the ability of dissolved NaNO3 to modify the structure of interfacial water was observed by AFM force spectroscopy. Our experiments and simulations consistently evidence a dramatic deterioration of the crystals’ surface, with potentially important implications for geological and industrial processes.
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188
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Lee SS, Schmidt M, Fister TT, Nagy KL, Sturchio NC, Fenter P. Structural Characterization of Aluminum (Oxy)hydroxide Films at the Muscovite (001)-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:477-486. [PMID: 26681160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The formation of Al (oxy)hydroxide on the basal surface of muscovite mica was investigated to understand how the structure of the substrate controls the nucleation and growth of secondary phases. Atomic force microscopy images showed that solid phases nucleated on the surface initially as two-dimensional islands that were ≤10 Å in height and ≤200 Å in diameter after 16-50 h of reaction in a 100 μM AlCl3 solution at pH 4.2 at room temperature. High-resolution X-ray reflectivity data indicated that these islands were gibbsite layers whose basic unit is composed of a plane of Al ions octahedrally coordinated to oxygen or hydroxyl groups. The formation of gibbsite layers is likely favored because of the structural similarity between its basal plane and the underlying mica surface. After 700-2000 h of reaction, a thicker and continuous film had formed on top of the initial gibbsite layers. X-ray diffraction data showed that this film was composed of diaspore that grew predominantly with its [040] and [140] crystallographic directions oriented along the muscovite [001] direction. These results show the structural characteristics of the muscovite (001) and Al (oxy)hydroxide film interface where presumed epitaxy had facilitated nucleation of metastable gibbsite layers which acted as a structural anchor for the subsequent growth of thermodynamically stable diaspore grown from a mildly acidic and Al-rich solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Lee
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy T Fister
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kathryn L Nagy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street, MC-186, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Neil C Sturchio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street, MC-186, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Paul Fenter
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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189
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So M, Hall D, Goto Y. Revisiting supersaturation as a factor determining amyloid fibrillation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 36:32-9. [PMID: 26774801 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils involved in various diseases are formed by a nucleation-growth mechanism, similar to the crystallization of solutes from solution. Solubility and supersaturation are two of the most important factors determining crystallization of solutes. Moreover, crystallization competes with glass formation in which solutes collapse into amorphous aggregates. Recent studies on the formation of amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates indicate that the partition between distinct types of aggregates can be rationally explained by a kinetic and thermodynamic competition between them. Understanding the role of supersaturation in determining aggregation-based phase transitions of denatured proteins provides an important complementary point of view to structural studies of protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo So
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Damien Hall
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yuji Goto
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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190
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Controlled synthesis, characterization and application of hydrophobic calcium carbonate nanoparticles in PVC. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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191
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Kawano J, Maeda S, Nagai T. The effect of Mg2+ incorporation on the structure of calcium carbonate clusters: investigation by the anharmonic downward distortion following method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2690-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A structure similar to calcite appears when only four CaCO3 units aggregate into the cluster, and the addition of Mg changes its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kawano
- Creative Research Institution (CRIS)
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- 001-0021 Japan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- 060-0810 Japan
| | - Takaya Nagai
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- 060-0810 Japan
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192
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Gou BD, Zheng L, Gao YX, Zhang TL. Quantitative chemical relations at pseudo-equilibrium in amorphous calcium phosphate formation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21892j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toward understanding the basic aspects of solution chemistry involving clusters and an amorphous phase of calcium phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Beijing 100191
- P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Beijing 100191
- P.R. China
| | - Bao-Di Gou
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Beijing 100191
- P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Gao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Beijing 100191
- P.R. China
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193
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Pendola M, Jain G, Davidyants A, Huang YC, Gebauer D, Evans JS. A nacre protein forms mesoscale hydrogels that “hijack” the biomineralization process within a seawater environment. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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194
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Innocenti Malini R, Bushuev YG, Hall SA, Freeman CL, Rodger PM, Harding JH. Using simulation to understand the structure and properties of hydrated amorphous calcium carbonate. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01536g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protocols used give a range of behaviours comparable to previous experiments and an insight into the structure of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuriy G. Bushuev
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Centre for Scientific Computing
- University of Warwick
| | - Shaun A. Hall
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Colin L. Freeman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - P. Mark Rodger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Centre for Scientific Computing
- University of Warwick
| | - John H. Harding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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195
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Ngo T, Yang H. Toward Ending the Guessing Game: Study of the Formation of Nanostructures Using In Situ Liquid Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:5051-5061. [PMID: 26600262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of synthetic nanochemistry has grown tremendously in the past three decades since the discovery of nonaqueous synthesis of monodispersed particles. Almost all classes of materials, from II-VI semiconductor to metal, alloy, and metal oxide can now be prepared in various sizes and shapes. One major challenge has been the development of a technique for direct real-time recording of data during the formation of nanostructures in liquid reaction media where nucleation and growth occur. A viable solution finally arrived with the recent development of static and flow liquid cells for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This Perspective will showcase a few selected examples in this rapidly growing area, with a focus on using the new capabilities of liquid TEM (LTEM) for quantitative study of nucleation and growth, as well as shape formation of nanocrystals in solution. A discussion on future direction is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Ngo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 206 Roger Adams Laboratory, Box C-3, MC-712, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 206 Roger Adams Laboratory, Box C-3, MC-712, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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196
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Time-resolved X-ray Tracking of Expansion and Compression Dynamics in Supersaturating Ion-Networks. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17647. [PMID: 26658326 PMCID: PMC4677280 DOI: 10.1038/srep17647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Supersaturation of a solution system is a metastable state containing more solute than can be normally solubilized. Moreover, this condition is thermodynamically important for a system undergoing a phase transition. This state plays critical roles in deposition morphology in inorganic, organic, polymer and protein solution systems. In particular, microscopic solution states under supersaturated conditions have recently received much attention. In this report, we observed the dynamic motion of individual ion-network domains (INDs) in a supersaturated sodium acetate trihydrate solution (6.4 M) by using microsecond time-resolved and high accuracy (picometre scale) X-ray observations (diffracted X-ray tracking; DXT). We found that there are femto-Newton (fN) anisotropic force fields in INDs that correspond to an Angstrom-scale relaxation process (continuous expansion and compression) of the INDs at 25 μs time scale. The observed anisotropic force-field (femto-Newton) from DXT can lead to new explanations of how material crystallization is triggered. This discovery could also influence the interpretation of supercooling, bio-polymer and protein aggregation processes, and supersaturated systems of many other materials.
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197
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Liquid-liquid phase separation of freely falling undercooled ternary Fe-Cu-Sn alloy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16335. [PMID: 26552711 PMCID: PMC4639789 DOI: 10.1038/srep16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The active modulation and control of the liquid phase separation for high-temperature metallic systems are still challenging the development of advanced immiscible alloys. Here we present an attempt to manipulate the dynamic process of liquid-liquid phase separation for ternary Fe47.5Cu47.5Sn5 alloy. It was firstly dispersed into numerous droplets with 66 ~ 810 μm diameters and then highly undercooled and rapidly solidified under the containerless microgravity condition inside drop tube. 3-D phase field simulation was performed to explore the kinetic evolution of liquid phase separation. Through regulating the combined effects of undercooling level, phase separation time and Marangoni migration, three types of separation patterns were yielded: monotectic cell, core shell and dispersive structures. The two-layer core-shell morphology proved to be the most stable separation configuration owing to its lowest chemical potential. Whereas the monotectic cell and dispersive microstructures were both thermodynamically metastable transition states because of their highly active energy. The Sn solute partition profiles of Fe-rich core and Cu-rich shell in core-shell structures varied only slightly with cooling rate.
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198
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Cacace DN, Rowland AT, Stapleton JJ, Dewey DC, Keating CD. Aqueous Emulsion Droplets Stabilized by Lipid Vesicles as Microcompartments for Biomimetic Mineralization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11329-38. [PMID: 26422264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mineral deposition within living cells relies on control over the distribution and availability of precursors as well as the location and rates of nucleation and growth. This control is provided in large part by biomolecular chelators, which bind precursors and regulate their availability, and compartmentalization within specialized mineralizing vesicles. Biomimetic mineralization in self-assembled lipid vesicles is an attractive means of studying the mineralization process, but has proven challenging due to vesicle heterogeneity in lamellarity, contents, and size across a population, difficulties encapsulating high and uniform precursor concentrations, and the need to transport reagents across an intact lipid bilayer membrane. Here, we report the use of liposome-stabilized all-aqueous emulsion droplets as simple artificial mineralizing vesicles (AMVs). These biomimetic microreactors allow the entry of precursors while retaining a protein catalyst by equilibrium partitioning between internal and external polymer-rich phases. Small molecule chelators with intermediate binding affinity were employed to control Ca(2+) availability during CaCO3 mineralization, providing protection against liposome aggregation while allowing CaCO3 formation. Mineral deposition was limited to the AMV interior, due to localized production of CO3(2-) by compartmentalized urease. Particle formation was uniform across the entire population of AMVs, with multiple submicrometer amorphous CaCO3 particles produced in each one. The all-aqueous emulsion-based approach to biomimetic giant mineral deposition vesicles introduced here should be adaptable for enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of a wide variety of materials, by varying the metal ion, enzyme, and/or chelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Cacace
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew T Rowland
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joshua J Stapleton
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel C Dewey
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christine D Keating
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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199
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DeVol RT, Sun CY, Marcus MA, Coppersmith SN, Myneni SCB, Gilbert PU. Nanoscale Transforming Mineral Phases in Fresh Nacre. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13325-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross T. DeVol
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chang-Yu Sun
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew A. Marcus
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Susan N. Coppersmith
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Satish C. B. Myneni
- Department
of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Pupa U.P.A. Gilbert
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Radcliffe
Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, 8 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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200
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Laanait N, Callagon EBR, Zhang Z, Sturchio NC, Lee SS, Fenter P. X-ray-driven reaction front dynamics at calcite-water interfaces. Science 2015; 349:1330-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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