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Chua JQI, Christensen TEK, Palle J, Wittig NK, Grünewald TA, Garrevoet J, Spiers KM, Castillo-Michel H, Schramm A, Chien WL, Sobota RM, Birkedal H, Miserez A. Biomineralization of mantis shrimp dactyl club following molting: Apatite formation and brominated organic components. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:479-495. [PMID: 37659728 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The stomatopod Odontodactylus scyllarus uses weaponized club-like appendages to attack its prey. These clubs are made of apatite, chitin, amorphous calcium carbonate, and amorphous calcium phosphate organized in a highly hierarchical structure with multiple regions and layers. We follow the development of the biomineralized club as a function of time using clubs harvested at specific times since molting. The clubs are investigated using a broad suite of techniques to unravel the biomineralization history of the clubs. Nano focus synchrotron x-ray diffraction and x-ray fluorescence experiments reveal that the club structure is more organized with more sub-regions than previously thought. The recently discovered impact surface has crystallites in a different size and orientation than those in the impact region. The crystal unit cell parameters vary to a large degree across individual samples, which indicates a spatial variation in the degree of chemical substitution. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy show that this variation cannot be explained by carbonation and fluoridation of the lattice alone. X-ray fluorescence and mass spectroscopy show that the impact surface is coated with a thin membrane rich in bromine that forms at very initial stages of club formation. Proteomic studies show that a fraction of the club mineralization protein-1 has brominated tyrosine suggesting that bromination of club proteins at the club surface is an integral component of the club design. Taken together, the data unravel the spatio-temporal changes in biomineral structure during club formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mantis shrimp hunt using club-like appendages that contain apatite, chitin, amorphous calcium carbonate, and amorphous calcium phosphate ordered in a highly hierarchical structure. To understand the formation process of the club we analyze clubs harvested at specific times since molting thereby constructing a club formation map. By combining several methods ranging from position resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction to proteomics, we reveal that clubs form from an organic membrane with brominated protein and that crystalline apatite phases are present from the very onset of club formation and grow in relative importance over time. This reveals a complex biomineralization process leading to these fascinating biomineralized tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qing Isaiah Chua
- Biological and Biomimetic Materials Laboratory, Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jonas Palle
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina Kølln Wittig
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tilman A Grünewald
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathryn M Spiers
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hiram Castillo-Michel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andreas Schramm
- Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology and Center for Electromicrobiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Wang Loo Chien
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ali Miserez
- Biological and Biomimetic Materials Laboratory, Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, NTU, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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2
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Østergaard M, Naver EB, Schüpbach D, Kaestner A, Strobl M, Brüel A, Thomsen JS, Schmidt S, Poulsen HF, Kuhn LT, Birkedal H. Correlative study of liquid in human bone by 3D neutron microscopy and lab-based X-ray μCT. Bone 2023; 175:116837. [PMID: 37419297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid plays an important role in bone that has a complex 3D hierarchical pore structure. However, liquid (water) is difficult to discern from e.g. an organic matrix by X-ray imaging. Therefore, we use a correlative approach using both high resolution X-ray and neutron imaging. Human femoral bone with liquid adsorbed into some of the pores was imaged with both the Neutron Microscope at the ICON beamline, SINQ at PSI, and by lab-based μCT using 2.7 μm voxel size. Segmentation of the two datasets showed that, even though the liquid was clearly distinguishable in the neutron data and not in the X-ray data, it remained challenging to segment it from bone due to overlaps of peaks in the gray level histograms. In consequence, segmentations from X-ray and neutron data varied significantly. To address this issue, the segmented X-ray porosities was overlaid on the neutron data, making it possible to localize the liquid in the vascular porosities of the bone sample and use the neutron attenuation to identify it as H2O. The contrast in the neutron images was lowered slightly between the bone and the liquid compared to the bone and the air. This correlative study shows that the complementary use of X-rays and neutrons is very favorable, since H2O is very distinct in the neutron data, while D2O, H2O, and organic matter can barely be distinguished from air in the X-ray data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Estrid Buhl Naver
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Delia Schüpbach
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Anders Kaestner
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Strobl
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Søren Schmidt
- Data Management and Software Centre, European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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3
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Østergaard M, Naver EB, Kaestner A, Willendrup PK, Brüel A, Sørensen HO, Thomsen JS, Schmidt S, Poulsen HF, Theil Kuhn L, Birkedal H. Polychromatic neutron phase-contrast imaging of weakly absorbing samples enabled by phase retrieval. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:673-682. [PMID: 37284268 PMCID: PMC10241042 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723003011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a phase-retrieval technique for propagation-based phase-contrast neutron imaging with a polychromatic beam is demonstrated. This enables imaging of samples with low absorption contrast and/or improving the signal-to-noise ratio to facilitate e.g. time-resolved measurements. A metal sample, designed to be close to a phase pure object, and a bone sample with canals partially filled with D2O were used for demonstrating the technique. These samples were imaged with a polychromatic neutron beam followed by phase retrieval. For both samples the signal-to-noise ratios were significantly improved and, in the case of the bone sample, the phase retrieval allowed for separation of bone and D2O, which is important for example for in situ flow experiments. The use of deuteration contrast avoids the use of chemical contrast enhancement and makes neutron imaging an interesting complementary method to X-ray imaging of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Estrid Buhl Naver
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 310, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Kaestner
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Peter K. Willendrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- European Spallation Source ERIC, PO Box 176, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Osholm Sørensen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Xnovo Technology ApS, Galoche Alle 15, 1, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Schmidt
- European Spallation Source ERIC, PO Box 176, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henning Friis Poulsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 310, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, Denmark
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Grünewald TA, Johannes A, Wittig NK, Palle J, Rack A, Burghammer M, Birkedal H. Bone mineral properties and 3D orientation of human lamellar bone around cement lines and the Haversian system. Corrigendum. IUCrJ 2023; 10:376. [PMID: 37144818 PMCID: PMC10161765 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The article by Grünewald et al. [IUCrJ (2023). 10, 189-198] is corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Johannes
- The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Nina K Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Jonas Palle
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Alexander Rack
- The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
| | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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Christensen TEK, Chua JQI, Wittig NK, Jørgensen MRV, Kantor I, Thomsen JS, Miserez A, Birkedal H. Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club. IUCrJ 2023; 10:288-296. [PMID: 36912686 PMCID: PMC10161772 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523002075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The stomatopod is a fascinating animal that uses its weaponized appendage dactyl clubs for breaking mollusc shells. Dactyl clubs are a well studied example of biomineralized hierarchical structures. Most research has focused on the regions close to the action, namely the impact region and surface composed of chitin and apatite crystallites. Further away from the site of impact, the club has lower mineralization and more amorphous phases; these areas have not been as actively studied as their highly mineralized counterparts. This work focuses on the side of the club, in what is known as the periodic and striated regions. A combination of laboratory micro-computed tomography, synchrotron X-ray diffraction mapping and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping has shown that the mineral in this region undergoes the transition from an amorphous to a crystalline phase in some, but not all, clubs. This means that this side region can be mineralized by either an amorphous phase, calcite crystallites or a mixture of both. It was found that when larger calcite crystallites form, they are organized (textured) with respect to the chitin present in this biocomposite. This suggests that chitin may serve as a template for crystallization when the side of the club is fully mineralized. Further, calcite crystallites were found to form as early as 1 week after moulting of the club. This suggests that the side of the club is designed with a significant safety margin that allows for a variety of phases, i.e. the club can function independently of whether the side region has a crystalline or amorphous mineral phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research (iMAT), Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, Aarhus C. 8000, Denmark
| | - Jia Qing Isaiah Chua
- Biological and Biomimetic Materials Laboratory, Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nina Kølln Wittig
- Center for Integrated Materials Research (iMAT), Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, Aarhus C. 8000, Denmark
| | - Mads Ry Vogel Jørgensen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research (iMAT), Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, Aarhus C. 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Skovhus Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Aarhus C. 8000, Denmark
| | - Ali Miserez
- Biological and Biomimetic Materials Laboratory, Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Center for Integrated Materials Research (iMAT), Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, Aarhus C. 8000, Denmark
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Ahrens A, Bonde A, Sun H, Wittig NK, Hammershøj HCD, Batista GMF, Sommerfeldt A, Frølich S, Birkedal H, Skrydstrup T. Catalytic disconnection of C-O bonds in epoxy resins and composites. Nature 2023; 617:730-737. [PMID: 37100913 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Fibre-reinforced epoxy composites are well established in regard to load-bearing applications in the aerospace, automotive and wind power industries, owing to their light weight and high durability. These composites are based on thermoset resins embedding glass or carbon fibres1. In lieu of viable recycling strategies, end-of-use composite-based structures such as wind turbine blades are commonly landfilled1-4. Because of the negative environmental impact of plastic waste5,6, the need for circular economies of plastics has become more pressing7,8. However, recycling thermoset plastics is no trivial matter1-4. Here we report a transition-metal-catalysed protocol for recovery of the polymer building block bisphenol A and intact fibres from epoxy composites. A Ru-catalysed, dehydrogenation/bond, cleavage/reduction cascade disconnects the C(alkyl)-O bonds of the most common linkages of the polymer. We showcase the application of this methodology to relevant unmodified amine-cured epoxy resins as well as commercial composites, including the shell of a wind turbine blade. Our results demonstrate that chemical recycling approaches for thermoset epoxy resins and composites are achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ahrens
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Bonde
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Grünewald TA, Johannes A, Wittig NK, Palle J, Rack A, Burghammer M, Birkedal H. Bone mineral properties and 3D orientation of human lamellar bone around cement lines and the Haversian system. IUCrJ 2023; 10:189-198. [PMID: 36786504 PMCID: PMC9980387 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a complex, biological tissue made up primarily of collagen fibrils and biomineral nanoparticles. The importance of hierarchical organization in bone was realized early on, but the actual interplay between structural features and the properties on the nanostructural and crystallographic level is still a matter of intense discussion. Bone is the only mineralized tissue that can be remodeled and, at the start of the formation of new bone during this process, a structure called a cement line is formed on which regular bone grows. Here, the orientational relationship of nanostructural and crystallographic constituents as well as the structural properties of both nanostructural and crystallographic constituents around cement lines and the Haversian system in human lamellar bone are investigated. A combination of small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering tensor tomography is employed together with diffraction tomography and synchrotron computed tomography to generate a multi-modal image of the sample. This work shows that the mineral properties vary as a function of the distance to the Haversian canal and, importantly, shows that the cement line has differing mineral properties from the surrounding lamellar bone, in particular with respect to crystallite size and degree of orientation. Cement lines make up a significant portion of the bone matrix despite their small size, hence the reported findings on an altered mineral structure, together with the spatial modulation around the Haversian canal, have implications for the formation and mechanics of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman A. Grünewald
- The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille 13013, France
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Andreas Johannes
- The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Nina K. Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Jonas Palle
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Alexander Rack
- The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
| | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
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Jensen AB, Christensen TEK, Weninger C, Birkedal H. Very large-scale diffraction investigations enabled by a matrix-multiplication facilitated radial and azimuthal integration algorithm: MatFRAIA. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:1420-1428. [PMID: 36345750 PMCID: PMC9641557 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522008232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As synchrotron facilities continue to generate increasingly brilliant X-rays and detector speeds increase, swift data reduction from the collected area detector images to more workable 1D diffractograms becomes of increasing importance. This work reports an integration algorithm that can integrate diffractograms in real time on modern laptops and can reach 10 kHz integration speeds on modern workstations using an efficient pixel-splitting and parallelization scheme. This algorithm is limited not by the computation of the integration itself but is rather bottlenecked by the speed of the data transfer to the processor, the data decompression and/or the saving of results. The algorithm and its implementation is described while the performance is investigated on 2D scanning X-ray diffraction/fluorescence data collected at the interface between an implant and forming bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence e-mail:
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He W, Xie Z, Wittig NK, Zachariassen LF, Andersen A, Andersen HJ, Birkedal H, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK, Bertram HC. Yogurt Benefits Bone Mineralization in Ovariectomized Rats with Concomitant Modulation of the Gut Microbiome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200174. [PMID: 36039478 PMCID: PMC9788323 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Evidence supports that gut-modulating foods potentially can suppress bone loss in postmenopausal women. This study aims to investigate the effect of milk calcium-enriched milk, yogurt, and yogurt-inulin combination on the gut-bone association. METHODS AND RESULTS A 6-week intervention study is conducted in ovariectomized rats. Four pastes containing milk calcium-fortified milk (M-Ca), milk calcium-fortified yogurt (Y-Ca), inulin-fortified Y-Ca (Y-I-Ca), or an isoconcentration of calcium carbonate (Ca-N), and a calcium-deficient paste are provided. M-Ca does not influence bone mineral density and content (BMD and BMC), femur mechanical strength, or femoral microstructure compared to Ca-N, but Y-Ca increases spine BMD. The serum metabolome reveals that Y-Ca modulated glycine-related pathways with reduced glycine, serine, and threonine. No additive effects of yogurt and inulin are found on bone parameters. Correlation analysis shows that increased lactobacilli and reduced Clostridiaceae members in Y-Ca is associated with an increased spine BMD. Increases in Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Turicibacter, Blautia, and Allobaculum and gut short-chain fatty acids in Y-I-Ca are not reflected in bone parameters. CONCLUSION Yogurt as calcium vehicle contributes to increased spine BMD concomitant with changes in the gut microbiome and glycine-related pathways, while adding inulin to yogurt does not affect bone mineralization in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Department of Food ScienceAarhus UniversityAgro Food Park 48Aarhus N8200Denmark
| | - Zhuqing Xie
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1958FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityDK‐8000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Line F. Zachariassen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1958FrederiksbergDenmark
| | | | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityDK‐8000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1958FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Axel K. Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1958FrederiksbergDenmark
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10
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Wittig NK, Birkedal H. Bone hierarchical structure: spatial variation across length scales. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2022; 78:305-311. [PMID: 35695104 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622001524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a complex hierarchical biomineralized material, which is special amongst biominerals because it is replete with cells, namely, osteocytes. While bone has been scrutinized for centuries, many questions remain open and new research hints that the ultrastructure of bone, encompassing both the bone matrix itself and the embedded cell network, is much more heterogeneous than hitherto realized. A number of these new findings have been made thanks to the enormous developments in X-ray imaging that have occurred in recent decades, and there is promise that they will also allow many of the remaining open questions to be addressed. X-ray absorption or phase imaging affords high three-dimensional (3D) resolution and allows traversing the length scales of bone all the way down to the fine details of the lacuno-canalicular network housing the osteocytes. Multimodal X-ray imaging provides combined information covering both the length scales defined by the size of the measured volume and tomographic resolution, as well as those probed by the signal that is measured. In X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRD-CT), for example, diffraction signals can be reconstructed tomographically, which offers detailed information about the spatial variations in the crystallographic properties of the bone biomineral. Orientational information can be obtained by tensor tomography. The combination of both small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) tensor tomography gives information on the orientation of bone nanostructure and crystals, respectively. These new technical developments promise that great strides towards understanding bone structure can be expected in the near future. In this review, recent findings that have resulted from X-ray imaging are highlighted and speculation is given on what can be expected to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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11
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Christensen TEK, Berglund Davidsen M, Van Malderen S, Garrevoet J, Offermanns V, Andersen OZ, Foss M, Birkedal H. Local Release of Strontium from Sputter-Deposited Coatings at Implants Increases the Strontium-to-Calcium Ratio in Peri-implant Bone. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:620-625. [PMID: 35099935 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that strontium (Sr) has a significant effect on peri-implant bone healing when administered systemically. Due to the risk of adverse effects of such treatments, new routes focusing on the local, sustained release of Sr from bone-implant contact surfaces have been explored, with success in in vivo experiments. However, the increase of Sr concentrations in the peri-implant bone has not been described in depth yet. Here, we show that a local, sustained Sr release from Ti-Sr-O physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings by magnetron sputter coating increases the Sr/Ca ratio close to the implant in a rabbit model and that the Sr/Ca background level is reached approximately 500 μm from the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Maiken Berglund Davidsen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stijn Van Malderen
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Morten Foss
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.,iNANO and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Chen Y, Misselwitz E, Agergaard AH, Andersen A, Pedersen C, Birkedal H. Self-Forming Double-Crosslinked Hydrogels by the Marriage of Catechols and Enzyme Mimetic Polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6526-6529. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01290a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-forming double-crosslinked (DC) hydrogels were designed by incorporating enzyme-mimicking metal coordination polymer crosslinks and catechol chemistry. A macromolecular tris-histidine copper complex acted both as part of the hydrogel network and...
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13
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Birkedal H. Comment on Quantitative Evaluation of Osteocyte Morphology and Bone Anisotropic Extracellular Matrix in Rat Femur. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:143. [PMID: 34374816 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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14
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Julian I, Pedersen C, Jensen A, Baden A, Hueso J, Friderichsen A, Birkedal H, Mallada R, Santamaria J. From bench scale to pilot plant: A 150x scaled-up configuration of a microwave-driven structured reactor for methane dehydroaromatization. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Wittig NK, Østergaard M, Palle J, Christensen TEK, Langdahl BL, Rejnmark L, Hauge EM, Brüel A, Thomsen JS, Birkedal H. Opportunities for biomineralization research using multiscale computed X-ray tomography as exemplified by bone imaging. J Struct Biol 2021; 214:107822. [PMID: 34902560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biominerals typically have complex hierarchical structures traversing many length scales. This makes their structural characterization complicated, since it requires 3D techniques that can probe full specimens at down to nanometer-resolution, a combination that is difficult - if not impossible - to achieve simultaneously. One challenging example is bone, a mineralized tissue with a highly complex architecture that is replete with a network of cells. X-ray computed tomography techniques enable multiscale structural characterization through the combination of various equipment and emerge as promising tools for characterizing biominerals. Using bone as an example, we discuss how combining different X-ray imaging instruments allow characterizing bone structures from the nano- to the organ-scale. In particular, we compare and contrast human and rodent bone, emphasize the importance of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network in bone, and finally illustrate how combining synchrotron X-ray imaging with laboratory instrumentation for computed tomography is especially helpful for multiscale characterization of biominerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Maja Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Palle
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Clinical Medicine - The Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine - The Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Department of Clinical Medicine - The Department of Rheumatology, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 45, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Skovhus Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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16
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Agergaard AH, Sommerfeldt A, Pedersen SU, Birkedal H, Daasbjerg K. Dual-Responsive Material Based on Catechol-Modified Self-Immolative Poly(Disulfide) Backbones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21543-21549. [PMID: 34279056 PMCID: PMC8518080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional materials engineered to degrade upon triggering are in high demand due their potentially lower impact on the environment as well as their use in sensing and in medical applications. Here, stimuli-responsive polymers are prepared by decorating a self-immolative poly(dithiothreitol) backbone with pendant catechol units. The highly functional polymer is fashioned into stimuli-responsive gels, formed through pH-dependent catecholato-metal ion cross-links. The gels degrade in response to specific environmental changes, either by addressing the pH responsive, non-covalent, catecholato-metal complexes, or by addition of a thiol. The latter stimulus triggers end-to-end depolymerization of the entire self-immolative backbone through end-cap replacement via thiol-disufide exchanges. Gel degradation is visualized by release of a dye from the supramolecular gel as it itself is converted into smaller molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Holm Agergaard
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
| | - Andreas Sommerfeldt
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
| | - Steen Uttrup Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
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17
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Agergaard AH, Sommerfeldt A, Pedersen SU, Birkedal H, Daasbjerg K. Dual‐Responsive Material Based on Catechol‐Modified Self‐Immolative Poly(Disulfide) Backbones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asger Holm Agergaard
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Andreas Sommerfeldt
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Steen Uttrup Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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18
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Palle J, Wittig NK, Kubec A, Niese S, Rosenthal M, Burghammer M, Grünewald TA, Birkedal H. Nanobeam X-ray fluorescence and diffraction computed tomography on human bone with a resolution better than 120 nm. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Hoac B, Østergaard M, Wittig NK, Boukpessi T, Buss DJ, Chaussain C, Birkedal H, Murshed M, McKee MD. Genetic Ablation of Osteopontin in Osteomalacic Hyp Mice Partially Rescues the Deficient Mineralization Without Correcting Hypophosphatemia. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2032-2048. [PMID: 32501585 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PHEX is predominantly expressed by bone and tooth-forming cells, and its inactivating mutations in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) lead to renal phosphate wasting and severe hypomineralization of bones and teeth. Also present in XLH are hallmark hypomineralized periosteocytic lesions (POLs, halos) that persist despite stable correction of serum phosphate (Pi ) that improves bulk bone mineralization. In XLH, mineralization-inhibiting osteopontin (OPN, a substrate for PHEX) accumulates in the extracellular matrix of bone. To investigate how OPN functions in Hyp mice (a model for XLH), double-null (Hyp;Opn-/- ) mice were generated. Undecalcified histomorphometry performed on lumbar vertebrae revealed that Hyp;Opn-/- mice had significantly reduced osteoid area/bone area (OV/BV) and osteoid thickness of trabecular bone as compared to Hyp mice, despite being as hypophosphatemic as Hyp littermate controls. However, tibias examined by synchrotron radiation micro-CT showed that mineral lacunar volumes remained abnormally enlarged in these double-null mice. When Hyp;Opn-/- mice were fed a high-Pi diet, serum Pi concentration increased, and OV/BV and osteoid thickness normalized, yet mineral lacunar area remained abnormally enlarged. Enpp1 and Ankh gene expression were increased in double-null mice fed a high-Pi diet, potentially indicating a role for elevated inhibitory pyrophosphate (PPi ) in the absence of OPN. To further investigate the persistence of POLs in Hyp mice despite stable correction of serum Pi , immunohistochemistry for OPN on Hyp mice fed a high-Pi diet showed elevated OPN in the osteocyte pericellular lacunar matrix as compared to Hyp mice fed a control diet. This suggests that POLs persisting in Hyp mice despite correction of serum Pi may be attributable to the well-known upregulation of mineralization-inhibiting OPN by Pi , and its accumulation in the osteocyte pericellular matrix. This study shows that OPN contributes to osteomalacia in Hyp mice, and that genetic ablation of OPN in Hyp mice improves the mineralization phenotype independent of systemic Pi -regulating factors. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Hoac
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maja Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina K Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tchilalo Boukpessi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Department of Odontology, Charles Foix and Bretonneau Hospitals and Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Paris, France
| | - Daniel J Buss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Department of Odontology, Charles Foix and Bretonneau Hospitals and Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Pedersen SL, Huynh TH, Pöschko P, Fruergaard AS, Jarlstad Olesen MT, Chen Y, Birkedal H, Subbiahdoss G, Reimhult E, Thøgersen J, Zelikin AN. Remotely Triggered Liquefaction of Hydrogel Materials. ACS Nano 2020; 14:9145-9155. [PMID: 32615036 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adaptable behavior such as triggered disintegration affords a broad scope and utility for (bio)materials in diverse applications in materials science and engineering. The impact of such materials continues to grow due to the increased importance of environmental considerations as well as the increased use of implants in medical practices. However, examples of such materials are still few. In this work, we engineer triggered liquefaction of hydrogel biomaterials in response to internal, localized heating, mediated by near-infrared light as external stimulus. This adaptable behavior is engineered into the readily available physical hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol), using gold nanoparticles or an organic photothermal dye as heat generators. Upon laser light irradiation, engineered biomaterials underwent liquefaction within seconds. Pulsed laser light irradiation afforded controlled, on-demand release of the incorporated cargo, successful for small molecules as well as proteins (enzymes) in their biofunctional form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren L Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Tin H Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Philipp Pöschko
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Guruprakash Subbiahdoss
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Thøgersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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21
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Grünewald TA, Liebi M, Wittig NK, Johannes A, Sikjaer T, Rejnmark L, Gao Z, Rosenthal M, Guizar-Sicairos M, Birkedal H, Burghammer M. Mapping the 3D orientation of nanocrystals and nanostructures in human bone: Indications of novel structural features. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba4171. [PMID: 32582855 PMCID: PMC7292642 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone is built from collagen fibrils and biomineral nanoparticles. In humans, they are organized in lamellar twisting patterns on the microscale. It has been a central tenet that the biomineral nanoparticles are co-aligned with the bone nanostructure. Here, we reconstruct the three-dimensional orientation in human lamellar bone of both the nanoscale features and the biomineral crystal lattice from small-angle x-ray scattering and wide-angle x-ray scattering, respectively. While most of the investigated regions show well-aligned nanostructure and crystal structure, consistent with current bone models, we report a localized difference in orientation distribution between the nanostructure and the biomineral crystals in specific bands. Our results show a robust and systematic, but localized, variation in the alignment of the two signals, which can be interpreted as either an additional mineral fraction in bone, a preferentially aligned extrafibrillar fraction, or the result of transverse stacking of mineral particles over several fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman A. Grünewald
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Liebi
- Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nina K. Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Johannes
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tanja Sikjaer
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zirui Gao
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Corresponding author. (H.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Corresponding author. (H.B.); (M.B.)
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | | | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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23
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24
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Agergaard AH, Pedersen SU, Birkedal H, Daasbjerg K. Stimuli-responsive degrafting of polymer brushes via addressable catecholato-metal attachments. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00916d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface attached catecholato-metal complexes serve as polymer brush initiators with well-defined densities and enable stimuli-responsive degrafting of polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Holm Agergaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University
- Aarhus C DK-8000
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
| | - Steen Uttrup Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University
- Aarhus C DK-8000
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University
- Aarhus C DK-8000
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University
- Aarhus C DK-8000
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
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25
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Wittig NK, Palle J, Østergaard M, Frølich S, Birkbak ME, Spiers KM, Garrevoet J, Birkedal H. Bone Biomineral Properties Vary across Human Osteonal Bone. ACS Nano 2019; 13:12949-12956. [PMID: 31613594 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biomineralization of bone remains a puzzle. During Haversian remodeling in the dense human cortical bone, osteoclasts excavate a tunnel that is then filled in by osteoblasts with layers of bone of varying fibril orientations, resulting in a lamellar motif. Such bone represents an excellent possibility to increase our understanding of bone as a material as well as bone biomineralization by studying spatio/temporal variations in the biomineral across an osteon. To this end, fluorescence computed tomography and diffraction scattering computed tomography with sub-micrometer resolution is applied to obtain position resolved fluorescence spectra and diffraction patterns in a 3D volume. The microstructural properties of the apatite biomineral are not homogeneous but depend critically on the time point at which it was laid down. This indicates that the nature of bone biomineral is highly dependent on the microenvironment during bone formation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jonas Palle
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Maja Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Simon Frølich
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Mie E Birkbak
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | | | - Jan Garrevoet
- DESY Photon Science , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
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26
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Wittig NK, Birkbak ME, Bach-Gansmo FL, Pacureanu A, Wendelboe MH, Brüel A, Thomsen JS, Birkedal H. No Signature of Osteocytic Osteolysis in Cortical Bone from Lactating NMRI Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:308-315. [PMID: 31147741 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The roles of osteocytes in bone homeostasis have garnered increasing attention since it has been realized that osteocytes communicate with other organs. It has long been debated whether and/or to which degree osteocytes can break down the bone matrix surrounding them in a process called osteocytic osteolysis. Osteocytic osteolysis has been indicated to be induced by a number of skeletal challenges including lactation in CD1 and C57BL/6 mice, whereas immobilization-induced osteocytic osteolysis is still a matter of controversy. Motivated by the wish to understand this process better, we studied osteocyte lacunae in lactating NMRI mice, which is a widely used outbred mouse strain. Surprisingly, no trace of osteocytic osteolysis could be detected in tibial or femoral cortical bone either by 3D investigation by synchrotron nanotomography, by studies of lacunar cross-sectional areas using scanning electron microscopy, or by light microscopy. These results lead us to conclude that osteocytic osteolysis does not occur in NMRI mice as a response to lactation, in turn suggesting that osteocytic osteolysis may not play a generic role in mobilizing calcium during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mie Elholm Birkbak
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Fiona Linnea Bach-Gansmo
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Pacureanu
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mette Høegh Wendelboe
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Skovhus Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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27
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Wittig NK, Laugesen M, Birkbak ME, Bach-Gansmo FL, Pacureanu A, Bruns S, Wendelboe MH, Brüel A, Sørensen HO, Thomsen JS, Birkedal H. Canalicular Junctions in the Osteocyte Lacuno-Canalicular Network of Cortical Bone. ACS Nano 2019; 13:6421-6430. [PMID: 31095362 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (LCN) is essential for bone remodeling because osteocytes regulate cell recruitment. This has been proposed to occur through liquid-flow-induced shear forces in the canaliculi. Models of the LCN have thus far assumed that it contains canaliculi connecting the osteocyte lacunae. However, here, we reveal that enlarged spaces occur at places where several canaliculi cross; we name these spaces canalicular junctions. We characterize them in detail within mice cortical bone using synchrotron nanotomography at two length scales, with 50 and 130 nm voxel size, and show that canalicular junctions occur at a density similar to that of osteocyte lacunae and that canalicular junctions tend to cluster. Through confocal laser scanning microscopy, we show that canalicular junctions are widespread as we have observed them in cortical bone from several species, even though the number density of the canalicular junctions was not universal. Fluid flow simulations of a simple model system with and without a canalicular junction clearly show that liquid mass transport and flow velocities are altered by the presence of canalicular junctions. We suggest that these canalicular junctions may play an important role in osteocyte communication and possibly also in canalicular fluid flow. Therefore, we believe that they constitute an important component in the bone osteocyte network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
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28
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Andersen A, Chen Y, Birkedal H. Bioinspired Metal⁻Polyphenol Materials: Self-Healing and Beyond. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:E30. [PMID: 31105215 PMCID: PMC6632061 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue mussel incorporates the polyphenolic amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to achieve self-healing, pH-responsiveness, and impressive underwater adhesion in the byssus threads that ensure the survival of the animal. This is achieved by a pH-dependent and versatile reaction chemistry of polyphenols, including both physical interactions as well as reversible and irreversible chemical bonding. With a short introduction to the biological background, we here review the latest advances in the development of smart materials based on the metal-chelating capabilities of polyphenols. We focus on new ways of utilizing the polyphenolic properties, including studies on the modifications of the nearby chemical environment (on and near the polyphenolic moiety) and on the incorporation of polyphenols into untraditional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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29
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Stock SR, Laugesen M, Birkedal H, Jakus A, Shah R, Park JS, Almer JD. Precision lattice parameter determination from transmission diffraction of thick specimens with irregular cross sections. J Appl Crystallogr 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718017132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate determination of lattice parameters from X-ray diffraction requires that the diffraction angles be measured very precisely, and significant errors result if the sample–detector separation differs from that assumed. Transmission diffraction from bones, which have a complex cross section and must be left intact, is a situation where this separation is difficult to measure and it may differ from position to position across the specimen. This article describes a method for eliminating the effect of variable sample cross section. Diffraction patterns for each position on the specimen are collected before and after 180° rotation about an axis normal to the cross section of interest. This places the centroid of the diffracting mass at the center of rotation and provides the absolute lattice parameters from the average apparent lattice parameters at the two rotation angles. Diffraction patterns were collected across the cross section of three specimens: a 3D-printed elliptical cylinder of Hyperelastic Bone (HB), which is composed primarily of synthetic hydroxyapatite (hAp), a 3D-printed HB model of the second metacarpal bone (Mc2), and a modern human Mc2 containing nanocrystalline carbonated apatite (cAp). Rietveld refinement was used to determine precise unit-cell parameters a
apparent and c
apparent for each pattern of each scan, and these values determined the actual average 〈a〉 and 〈c〉 for each sample. The results indicate that the 0°/180° rotation method works well enough to uncover variations approaching 1 × 10−3 Å in cAp unit-cell parameters in intact bones with irregular cross sections.
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30
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Jensen ACS, Birkedal H, Bertinetti L. Co-incorporation of alkali metal ions during amorphous calcium carbonate precipitation and their stabilizing effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13230-13233. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal ions incorporate in amorphous calcium carbonate and affect its thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders C. S. Jensen
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Potsdam-Golm Science Park
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Potsdam-Golm Science Park
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
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31
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Andersen A, Ibsen CJS, Birkedal H. Influence of Metal Ions on the Melting Temperature, Modulus, and Gelation Time of Gelatin Gels: Specific Ion Effects on Hydrogel Properties. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10062-10067. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), 140 Langelandsgade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Casper Jon Steenberg Ibsen
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), 140 Langelandsgade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), 140 Langelandsgade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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32
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Stifler CA, Wittig NK, Sassi M, Sun CY, Marcus MA, Birkedal H, Beniash E, Rosso KM, Gilbert PUPA. X-ray Linear Dichroism in Apatite. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11698-11704. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cayla A. Stifler
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Michel Sassi
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Chang-Yu Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew A. Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Elia Beniash
- Departments of Oral Biology and Bioengineering, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, UPitt, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Pupa U. P. A. Gilbert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science, and Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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33
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Andersen A, Krogsgaard M, Birkedal H. Mussel-Inspired Self-Healing Double-Cross-Linked Hydrogels by Controlled Combination of Metal Coordination and Covalent Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:1402-1409. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Andersen
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Krogsgaard
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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34
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Azevedo S, Costa AMS, Andersen A, Choi IS, Birkedal H, Mano JF. Bioinspired Ultratough Hydrogel with Fast Recovery, Self-Healing, Injectability and Cytocompatibility. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1700759. [PMID: 28523744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the mussel byssus adhesiveness, a highly hydrated polymeric structure is designed to combine, for the first time, a set of interesting features for load-bearing purposes. These characteristics include: i) a compressive strength and stiffness in the MPa range, ii) toughness and the ability to recover it upon successive cyclic loading, iii) the ability to quickly self-heal upon rupture, iv) the possibility of administration through minimally invasive techniques, such as by injection, v) the swelling ratio being adjusted to space-filling applications, and vi) cytocompatibility. Owing to these characteristics and the mild conditions employed, the encapsulation of very unstable and sensitive cargoes is possible, highlighting their potential to researchers in the biomedical field for the repair of load-bearing soft tissues, or to be used as an encapsulation platform for a variety of biological applications such as disease models for drug screening and therapies in a more realistic mechanical environment. Moreover, given the simplicity of this methodology and the enhanced mechanical performance, this strategy can be expanded to applications in other fields, such as agriculture and electronics. As such, it is anticipated that the proposed strategy will constitute a new, versatile, and cost-effective tool to produce engineered polymeric structures for both science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azevedo
- 3B's Research group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics - Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ana M S Costa
- 3B's Research group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics - Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Amanda Andersen
- INANO-Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Insung S Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- INANO-Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - João F Mano
- 3B's Research group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics - Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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35
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Birkbak ME, Nielsen IG, Frølich S, Stock SR, Kenesei P, Almer JD, Birkedal H. Concurrent determination of nanocrystal shape and amorphous phases in complex materials by diffraction scattering computed tomography. J Appl Crystallogr 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716019543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced functional materials often contain multiple phases which are (nano)crystalline and/or amorphous. The spatial distribution of these phases and their properties, including nanocrystallite size and shape, often drives material function yet is difficult to obtain with current experimental techniques. This article describes the use of diffraction scattering computed tomography, which maps wide-angle scattering information onto sample space, to address this challenge. The wide-angle scattering signal contains information on both (nano)crystalline and amorphous phases. Rietveld refinement of reconstructed diffraction patterns is employed to determine anisotropic nanocrystal shapes. The background signal from refinements is used to identify contributing amorphous phases through multivariate curve resolution. Thus it is demonstrated that reciprocal space analysis in combination with diffraction scattering computed tomography is a very powerful tool for the complete analysis of complex multiphase materials such as energy devices.
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36
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Schlafer S, Ibsen CJS, Birkedal H, Nyvad B. Calcium-Phosphate-Osteopontin Particles Reduce Biofilm Formation and pH Drops in in situ Grown Dental Biofilms. Caries Res 2016; 51:26-33. [PMID: 27960182 DOI: 10.1159/000451064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This 2-period crossover study investigated the effect of calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles on biofilm formation and pH in 48-h biofilms grown in situ. Bovine milk osteopontin is a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein that has been shown to interfere with bacterial adhesion to salivary-coated surfaces. Calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles have been shown to reduce biofilm formation and pH drops in a 5-species laboratory model of dental biofilm without affecting bacterial viability. Here, smooth surface biofilms from 10 individuals were treated ex vivo 6 times/day for 30 min with either calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles or sterile saline. After growth, the amount of biofilm formed was determined by confocal microscopy, and pH drops upon exposure to glucose were monitored using confocal-microscopy-based pH ratiometry. A total of 160 biofilms were analysed. No adverse effects of repeated ex vivo treatment with calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles were observed. Particle treatment resulted in a 32% lower amount of biofilm formed (p < 0.05), but large inter-individual differences could be observed. Biofilm pH was significantly higher upon particle treatment, both shortly after the addition of glucose and after 30 min of incubation with glucose (p < 0.05). Calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles may represent a new therapeutic approach to caries control and aim at directly targeting virulence factors involved in the caries process. Further studies are required to determine the effect of particle treatment on more acidogenic/aciduric biofilms as well as the remineralizing potential of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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37
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Bach-Gansmo FL, Brüel A, Jensen MV, Ebbesen EN, Birkedal H, Thomsen JS. Osteocyte lacunar properties and cortical microstructure in human iliac crest as a function of age and sex. Bone 2016; 91:11-9. [PMID: 27397700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes are suggested to play a central role in bone remodeling. Evaluation of iliac crest biopsies is a standard procedure for evaluating bone conditions in the clinical setting. Despite the widespread use of such biopsies, little is known about the population of osteocytes in the iliac crest from normal individuals. Contradicting results have been reported on osteocyte lacunar properties in human bone. Hence, a solid understanding of the osteocyte population in healthy bone and the effect of age and sex is needed as good reference data are lacking. Furthermore, the role of cortical bone in bone quality has recently been suggested to be more important than previously realized. Therefore, the present study assesses osteocyte lacunar properties and cortical microstructure of the iliac crest as a function of age and sex. A total of 88 iliac crest bone samples from healthy individuals (46 women, aged 18.5-96.4years and 42 men, aged 22.6-94.6years) with an even age-distribution were examined using synchrotron radiation μCT and in house μCT, with >5×10(6) osteocyte lacunae measured and analyzed. The study revealed that osteocyte lacunar volumes were unaffected by both age and sex. Osteocyte lacunar density did not differ between women and men, and only showed a significant decrease with age when pooling data from both sexes. Cortical porosity and Haversian canal density increased while cortical thickness decreased with age, with cortical thinning dominating the age-related cortical bone loss. None of the cortical microstructural parameters showed any sex dependency. Only weak links between osteocyte lacunar properties and cortical microstructural properties in iliac crest bone were found. Interestingly, the Haversian canal diameters were significantly but weakly negatively correlated with osteocyte lacunar volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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38
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Bach-Gansmo FL, Wittig NK, Brüel A, Thomsen JS, Birkedal H. Immobilization and long-term recovery results in large changes in bone structure and strength but no corresponding alterations of osteocyte lacunar properties. Bone 2016; 91:139-47. [PMID: 27404494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of osteocytes to demineralize the perilacunar matrix, osteocytic osteolysis, and thereby participate directly in bone metabolism, is an aspect of osteocyte biology that has received increasing attention during the last couple of years. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether osteocyte lacunar properties change during immobilization and subsequent recovery. A rat cortical bone model with negligible Haversian remodeling effects was used, with temporary immobilization of one hindlimb induced by botulinum toxin. Several complementary techniques covering multiple length scales enabled correlation of osteocyte lacunar properties to changes observed on the organ and tissue level of femoral bone. Bone structural parameters measured by μCT and mechanical properties were compared to sub-micrometer resolution SR μCT data mapping an unprecedented number (1.85 million) of osteocyte lacunae. Immobilization induced a significant reduction in aBMD, bone volume, tissue volume, and load to fracture, as well as the muscle mass of rectus femoris. During the subsequent recovery period, the bone structural and mechanical properties were only partly regained in spite of a long-term (28weeks) study period. No significant changes in osteocyte lacunar volume, density, oblateness, stretch, or orientation were detected upon immobilization or subsequent recovery. In conclusion, the bone architecture and not osteocyte lacunar properties or bone material characteristics dominate the immobilization response as well as the subsequent recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Linnea Bach-Gansmo
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, DK -8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, DK -8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, DK -8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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39
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Ibsen CJS, Chernyshov D, Birkedal H. Apatite Formation from Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Mixed Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Amorphous Calcium Carbonate. Chemistry 2016; 22:12347-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper J. S. Ibsen
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 14 Gustav Wieds Vej 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 14 Gustav Wieds Vej 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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40
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Trinkunaite-Felsen J, Birkedal H, Zarkov A, Tautkus S, Stankeviciute Z, Kareiva A. Environmentally benign fabrication of calcium hydroxyapatite using seashells collected in Baltic Sea countries: A comparative study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A. Zarkov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S. Tautkus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - A. Kareiva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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41
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Frølich S, Leemreize H, Jakus A, Xiao X, Shah R, Birkedal H, Almer JD, Stock SR. Diffraction tomography and Rietveld refinement of a hydroxyapatite bone phantom. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715022633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A model sample consisting of two different hydroxyapatite (hAp) powders was used as a bone phantom to investigate the extent to which X-ray diffraction tomography could map differences in hAp lattice constants and crystallite size. The diffraction data were collected at beamline 1-ID, the Advanced Photon Source, using monochromatic 65 keV X-radiation, a 25 × 25 µm pinhole beam and translation/rotation data collection. The diffraction pattern was reconstructed for each volume element (voxel) in the sample, and Rietveld refinement was used to determine the hAp lattice constants. The crystallite size for each voxel was also determined from the 00.2 hAp diffraction peak width. The results clearly show that differences between hAp powders could be measured with diffraction tomography.
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Schlafer S, Birkedal H, Olsen J, Skovgaard J, Sutherland DS, Wejse PL, Nyvad B, Meyer RL. Calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles for caries control. Biofouling 2016; 32:349-357. [PMID: 26923119 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1141199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Caries is caused by acid production in biofilms on dental surfaces. Preventing caries therefore involves control of microorganisms and/or the acid produced. Here, calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles are presented as a new approach to caries control. The particles are made by co-precipitation and designed to bind to bacteria in biofilms, impede biofilm build-up without killing the microflora, and release phosphate ions to buffer bacterial acid production if the pH decreases below 6. Analysis of biofilm formation and pH in a five-species biofilm model for dental caries showed that treatment with particles or pure osteopontin led to less biofilm formation compared to untreated controls or biofilms treated with osteopontin-free particles. The anti-biofilm effect can thus be ascribed to osteopontin. The particles also led to a slower acidification of the biofilm after exposure to glucose, and the pH always remained above 5.5. Hence, calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles show potential for applications in caries control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schlafer
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- b Department of Dentistry, Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- c Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jakob Olsen
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- c Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jonas Skovgaard
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- c Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | | | - Bente Nyvad
- b Department of Dentistry, Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Rikke L Meyer
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- e Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
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Jensen ACS, Brif A, Pokroy B, Hinge M, Birkedal H. Morphology-preserving transformation of minerals mediated by a temperature-responsive polymer membrane: calcite to hydroxyapatite. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02245b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A membrane of a temperature sensate block copolymer facilitates transformation of calcite single crystals into hydroxyapatite while preserving overall particle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. S. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A. Brif
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- IL-32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - B. Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- IL-32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - M. Hinge
- Department of Engineering
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - H. Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Birkbak ME, Leemreize H, Frølich S, Stock SR, Birkedal H. Diffraction scattering computed tomography: a window into the structures of complex nanomaterials. Nanoscale 2015; 7:18402-10. [PMID: 26505175 PMCID: PMC4727839 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern functional nanomaterials and devices are increasingly composed of multiple phases arranged in three dimensions over several length scales. Therefore there is a pressing demand for improved methods for structural characterization of such complex materials. An excellent emerging technique that addresses this problem is diffraction/scattering computed tomography (DSCT). DSCT combines the merits of diffraction and/or small angle scattering with computed tomography to allow imaging the interior of materials based on the diffraction or small angle scattering signals. This allows, e.g., one to distinguish the distributions of polymorphs in complex mixtures. Here we review this technique and give examples of how it can shed light on modern nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Birkbak
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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Frølich S, Birkedal H. MultiRef: software platform for Rietveld refinement of multiple powder diffractograms fromin situ, scanning or diffraction tomography experiments. J Appl Crystallogr 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern advanced diffraction experiments such asin situdiffraction, position-resolved diffraction or diffraction tomography generate extremely large data sets with hundreds to many thousands of diffractograms. Analyzing such data sets by Rietveld refinement is hampered by the logistics of running the Rietveld refinement program, extracting and analyzing the results, and possibly re-refining the data set based on an analysis of the preceding cycle of refinements. The complexity of the analysis may prevent some researchers either from performing the experiments or from conducting an exhaustive analysis of collected data. To this end, a MATLAB framework,MultiRef, which facilitates automated refinements, data extraction and intelligent choice of refinement model based on user choices, has been developed The use ofMultiRefis illustrated on data sets from diffraction tomography, position-resolved diffraction andin situpowder diffraction investigations of crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Krogsgaard
- Department of Chemistry; iNANO; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Vicki Nue
- Department of Chemistry; iNANO; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry; iNANO; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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Abstract
Nanocrystalline calcite is formed under the influence of block copolymers containing thermoresponsive PNIPAM and a mineralization controlling block of poly(acrylic acid) and the nanocrystal formation kinetics studied by in situ X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mogens Hinge
- Department of Engineering
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Steenbjerg Ibsen CJ, Mikladal BF, Bjørnholt Jensen U, Birkedal H. Frontispiece: Hierarchical Tubular Structures Grown from the Gel/Liquid Interface. Chemistry 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201484962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Steenbjerg Ibsen CJ, Mikladal BF, Bjørnholt Jensen U, Birkedal H. Hierarchical Tubular Structures Grown from the Gel/Liquid Interface. Chemistry 2014; 20:16112-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Self-healing hydrogels are obtained in a one-pot reaction between tannic acid, trivalent metal ions and polyallylamine. At high concentrations, meter-long threads could be drawn from low pH solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Krogsgaard
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO
- DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO
- DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H. Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO
- DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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