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Guillemyn B, De Saffel H, Bek JW, Tapaneeyaphan P, De Clercq A, Jarayseh T, Debaenst S, Willaert A, De Rycke R, Byers PH, Rosseel T, Coucke P, Blaumeiser B, Syx D, Malfait F, Symoens S. Syntaxin 18 Defects in Human and Zebrafish Unravel Key Roles in Early Cartilage and Bone Development. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1718-1730. [PMID: 37718532 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
SNARE proteins comprise a conserved protein family responsible for catalyzing membrane fusion during vesicle traffic. Syntaxin18 (STX18) is a poorly characterized endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident t-SNARE. Recently, together with TANGO1 and SLY1, its involvement was shown in ER to Golgi transport of collagen II during chondrogenesis. We report a fetus with a severe osteochondrodysplasia in whom we identified a homozygous substitution of the highly conserved p.Arg10 to Pro of STX18. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Stx18 deficiency in zebrafish reveals a crucial role for Stx18 in cartilage and bone development. Furthermore, increased expression of multiple components of the Stx18 SNARE complex and of COPI and COPII proteins suggests that Stx18 deficiency impairs antero- and retrograde vesicular transport in the crispant stx18 zebrafish. Taken together, our studies highlight a new candidate gene for a recessive form of osteochondrodysplasia, thereby possibly broadening the SNAREopathy phenotypic spectrum and opening new doors toward future research avenues. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Guillemyn
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna De Saffel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piyanoot Tapaneeyaphan
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tamara Jarayseh
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Debaenst
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research and Bioimaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter H Byers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Toon Rosseel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bettina Blaumeiser
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Delfien Syx
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Reyes M, Firat D, Hanna P, Khan M, Bruce M, Shvedova M, Kobayashi T, Schipani E, Gardella TJ, Jüppner H. Substantially Delayed Maturation of Growth Plate Chondrocytes in "Humanized" PTH1R Mice with the H223R Mutation of Jansen's Disease. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10802. [PMID: 37808400 PMCID: PMC10556264 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related Peptide (PTHrP) receptor (PTH1R) mutations causes Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), a rare disease characterized by growth plate abnormalities, short stature, and PTH-independent hypercalcemia. Previously generated transgenic JMC mouse models, in which the human PTH1R allele with the H223R mutation (H223R-PTH1R) is expressed in osteoblasts via type Ia1 collagen or DMP1 promoters cause excess bone mass, while expression of the mutant allele via the type IIa1 collagen promoter results in only minor growth plate changes. Thus, neither transgenic JMC model adequately recapitulates the human disease. We therefore generated "humanized" JMC mice in which the H223R-PTH1R allele was expressed via the endogenous mouse Pth1r promoter and, thus, in all relevant target tissues. Founders with the H223R allele typically died within 2 months without reproducing; several mosaic male founders, however, lived longer and produced F1 H223R-PTH1R offspring, which were small and exhibited marked growth plate abnormalities. Serum calcium and phosphate levels of the mutant mice were not different from wild-type littermates, but serum PTH and P1NP were reduced significantly, while CTX-1 and CTX-2 were slightly increased. Histological and RNAscope analyses of the mutant tibial growth plates revealed markedly expanded zones of type II collagen-positive, proliferating/prehypertrophic chondrocytes, abundant apoptotic cells in the growth plate center and a progressive reduction of type X collagen-positive hypertrophic chondrocytes and primary spongiosa. The "humanized" H223R-PTH1R mice are likely to provide a more suitable model for defining the JMC phenotype and for assessing potential treatment options for this debilitating disease of skeletal development and mineral ion homeostasis. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reyes
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Damla Firat
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Patrick Hanna
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Mohd Khan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman Medical SchoolPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michael Bruce
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Maria Shvedova
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman Medical SchoolPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Thomas J. Gardella
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Pediatric Nephrology UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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3
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Doolittle ML, Eckhardt BA, Vos SJ, Grain S, Rowsey JL, Ruan M, Saul D, Farr JN, Weivoda MM, Khosla S, Monroe DG. Modest Effects of Osteoclast-Specific ERα Deletion after Skeletal Maturity. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10797. [PMID: 37808391 PMCID: PMC10556268 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen regulates bone mass in women and men, but the underlying cellular mechanisms of estrogen action on bone remain unclear. Although both estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ are expressed in bone cells, ERα is the dominant receptor for skeletal estrogen action. Previous studies using either global or cell-specific ERα deletion provided important insights, but each of these approaches had limitations. Specifically, either high circulating sex steroid levels in global ERα knockout mice or the effects of deletion of ERα during growth and development in constitutive cell-specific knockout mice have made it difficult to clearly define the role of ERα in specific cell types in the adult skeleton. We recently generated and characterized mice with tamoxifen-inducible ERα deletion in osteocytes driven by the 8-kb Dmp1 promoter (ERαΔOcy mice), revealing detrimental effects of osteocyte-specific ERα deletion on trabecular bone volume (-20.1%) and bone formation rate (-18.9%) in female, but not male, mice. Here, we developed and characterized analogous mice with inducible ERα deletion in osteoclasts using the Cathepsin K promoter (ERαΔOcl mice). In a study design identical to that with the previously described ERαΔOcy mice, adult female, but not male, ERαΔOcl mice showed a borderline (-10.2%, p = 0.084) reduction in trabecular bone volume, no change in osteoclast numbers, but a significant increase in serum CTx levels, consistent with increased osteoclast activity. These findings in ERαΔOcl mice differ from previous studies of constitutive osteoclast-specific ERα deletion, which led to clear deficits in trabecular bone and increased osteoclast numbers. Collectively, these data indicate that in adult mice, estrogen action in the osteocyte is likely more important than via the osteoclast and that ERα deletion in osteoclasts from conception onward has more dramatic skeletal effects than inducible osteoclastic ERα deletion in adult mice. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. Doolittle
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Brittany A. Eckhardt
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Stephanie J. Vos
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sarah Grain
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Rowsey
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Ming Ruan
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryEberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Trauma Center TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Joshua N. Farr
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Megan M. Weivoda
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of HematologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - David G. Monroe
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Mendoza SV, Genetos DC, Yellowley CE. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Signaling in the Skeletal System. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10733. [PMID: 37065626 PMCID: PMC10097641 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen-dependent heterodimeric transcription factors that mediate molecular responses to reductions in cellular oxygen (hypoxia). HIF signaling involves stable HIF-β subunits and labile, oxygen-sensitive HIF-α subunits. Under hypoxic conditions, the HIF-α subunit is stabilized, complexes with nucleus-confined HIF-β subunit, and transcriptionally regulates hypoxia-adaptive genes. Transcriptional responses to hypoxia include altered energy metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell fate. Three isoforms of HIF-α-HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α-are found in diverse cell types. HIF-1α and HIF-2α serve as transcriptional activators, whereas HIF-3α restricts HIF-1α and HIF-2α. The structure and isoform-specific functions of HIF-1α in mediating molecular responses to hypoxia are well established across a wide range of cell and tissue types. The contributions of HIF-2α to hypoxic adaptation are often unconsidered if not outrightly attributed to HIF-1α. This review establishes what is currently known about the diverse roles of HIF-2α in mediating the hypoxic response in skeletal tissues, with specific focus on development and maintenance of skeletal fitness. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Mendoza
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Clare E Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
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5
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Mendoza SV, Murugesh DK, Christiansen BA, Genetos ZO, Loots GG, Genetos DC, Yellowley CE. Degradation-Resistant Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2α in Murine Osteocytes Promotes a High Bone Mass Phenotype. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10724. [PMID: 37065633 PMCID: PMC10097640 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen levels vary during development and disease. Adaptations to decreased oxygen bioavailability (hypoxia) are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors. HIFs are composed of an oxygen-dependent α subunit (HIF-α), of which there are two transcriptionally active isoforms (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), and a constitutively expressed β subunit (HIFβ). Under normoxic conditions, HIF-α is hydroxylated via prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins and targeted for degradation via Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). Under hypoxic conditions, hydroxylation via PHD is inhibited, allowing for HIF-α stabilization and induction of target transcriptional changes. Our previous studies showed that Vhl deletion in osteocytes (Dmp1-cre; Vhl f/f ) resulted in HIF-α stabilization and generation of a high bone mass (HBM) phenotype. The skeletal impact of HIF-1α accumulation has been well characterized; however, the unique skeletal impacts of HIF-2α remain understudied. Because osteocytes orchestrate skeletal development and homeostasis, we investigated the role of osteocytic HIF-α isoforms in driving HBM phenotypes via osteocyte-specific loss-of-function and gain-of-function HIF-1α and HIF-2α mutations in C57BL/6 female mice. Deletion of Hif1a or Hif2a in osteocytes showed no effect on skeletal microarchitecture. Constitutively stable, degradation-resistant HIF-2α (HIF-2α cDR), but not HIF-1α cDR, generated dramatic increases in bone mass, enhanced osteoclast activity, and expansion of metaphyseal marrow stromal tissue at the expense of hematopoietic tissue. Our studies reveal a novel influence of osteocytic HIF-2α in driving HBM phenotypes that can potentially be harnessed pharmacologically to improve bone mass and reduce fracture risk. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Mendoza
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Deepa K. Murugesh
- Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesPhysical and Life Sciences DirectorateLivermoreCAUSA
| | | | - Zoe O. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesPhysical and Life Sciences DirectorateLivermoreCAUSA
| | - Damian C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Clare E. Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
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6
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Bi R, Luo X, Li Q, Li P, Li H, Fan Y, Ying B, Zhu S. Igf1 Regulates Fibrocartilage Stem Cells, Cartilage Growth, and Homeostasis in the Temporomandibular Joint of Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:556-567. [PMID: 36722289 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) growth requires orchestrated interactions between various cell types. Recent studies revealed that fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs) in the TMJ cartilage play critical roles as cell resources for joint development and repair. However, the detailed molecular network that influences FCSC fate during TMJ cartilage development remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigate the functional role of Igf1 in FCSCs for TMJ cartilage growth and homeostasis by lineage tracing using Gli1-CreER+ ; Tmflfl mice and conditional Igf1 deletion using Gli1-/Col2-CreER+ ; Igf1fl/fl mice. In Gli1-CreER+ ; Tmflfl mice, red fluorescence+ (RFP+ ) FCSCs show a favorable proliferative capacity. Igf1 deletion in Gli1+ /Col2+ cell lineages leads to distinct pathological changes in TMJ cartilage. More serious cartilage thickness and cell density reductions are found in the superficial layers in Gli1-CreER+ ; Igf1fl/fl mice. After long-term Igf1 deletion, a severe disordered cell arrangement is found in both groups. When Igf1 is conditionally deleted in vivo, the red fluorescent protein-labeled Gli1+ FCSC shows a significant disruption of chondrogenic differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis leading to TMJ cartilage disarrangement and subchondral bone loss. Immunostaining shows that pAkt signaling is blocked in all cartilage layers after the Gli1+ -specific deletion of Igf1. In vitro, Igf1 deletion disrupts FCSC capacities, including proliferation and chondrogenesis. Moreover, the deletion of Igf1 in FCSCs significantly aggravates the joint osteoarthritis phenotype in the unilateral anterior crossbite mouse model, characterized by decreased cartilage thickness and cell numbers as well as a loss of extracellular matrix secretions. These findings uncover Igf1 as a regulator of TMJ cartilage growth and repair. The deletion of Igf1 disrupts the progenitor capacity of FCSCs, leading to a disordered cell distribution and exaggerating TMJ cartilage dysfunction. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binbin Ying
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Bergen DJM, Maurizi A, Formosa MM, McDonald GLK, El-Gazzar A, Hassan N, Brandi ML, Riancho JA, Rivadeneira F, Ntzani E, Duncan EL, Gregson CL, Kiel DP, Zillikens MC, Sangiorgi L, Högler W, Duran I, Mäkitie O, Van Hul W, Hendrickx G. High Bone Mass Disorders: New Insights From Connecting the Clinic and the Bench. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:229-247. [PMID: 36161343 PMCID: PMC10092806 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic high bone mass (HBM) disorders are characterized by an increased amount of bone in general, or at specific sites in the skeleton. Here, we describe 59 HBM disorders with 50 known disease-causing genes from the literature, and we provide an overview of the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Based on this, we classify the known HBM genes into HBM (sub)groups according to uniform Gene Ontology (GO) terminology. This classification system may aid in hypothesis generation, for both wet lab experimental design and clinical genetic screening strategies. We discuss how functional genomics can shape discovery of novel HBM genes and/or mechanisms in the future, through implementation of omics assessments in existing and future model systems. Finally, we address strategies to improve gene identification in unsolved HBM cases and highlight the importance for cross-laboratory collaborations encompassing multidisciplinary efforts to transfer knowledge generated at the bench to the clinic. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J M Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Melissa M Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Georgina L K McDonald
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ahmed El-Gazzar
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Neelam Hassan
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U M Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Policy and Practice, Center for Research Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of loannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Rare Skeletal Diseases, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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8
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Amadeu de Oliveira F, Mohamed FF, Kinoshita Y, Narisawa S, Farquharson C, Miyake K, Foster BL, Millan JL. Gene Therapy Using Recombinant AAV Type 8 Vector Encoding TNAP-D 10 Improves the Skeletal Phenotypes in Murine Models of Osteomalacia. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10709. [PMID: 36699639 PMCID: PMC9850441 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP), caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), is characterized by skeletal and dental hypomineralization that can vary in severity from life-threatening to milder manifestations only in adulthood. PHOSPHO1 deficiency leads to early-onset scoliosis, osteomalacia, and fractures that mimic pseudo-HPP. Asfotase alfa, a life-saving enzyme replacement therapy approved for pediatric-onset HPP, requires subcutaneous injections 3 to 6 times per week. We recently showed that a single injection of an adeno-associated virus vector serotype 8 harboring TNAP-D10 (AAV8-TNAP-D10) effectively prevented skeletal disease and prolonged life in Alpl -/- mice phenocopying infantile HPP. Here, we aimed to determine the efficacy of AAV8-TNAP-D10 in improving the skeletal and dental phenotype in the Alpl Prx1/Prx1 and Phospho1 -/- mouse models of late-onset (adult) HPP and pseudo-HPP, respectively. A single dose of 3 × 1011 vector genomes per body (vg/b) was injected intramuscularly into 8-week-old Alpl Prx1/Prx1 and wild-type (WT) littermates, or into 3-day-old Phospho1 -/- and WT mice, and treatment efficacy was evaluated after 60 days for late-onset HPP mice and after 90 days for Phospho1 -/- mice. Biochemical analysis showed sustained serum alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced plasma PPi levels, and radiographic images, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed improvements in the long bones in the late-onset HPP mice and corrected scoliosis in the Phospho1 -/- mice. Micro-CT analysis of the dentoalveolar complex did not reveal significant changes in the phenotype of late-onset HPP and pseudo-HPP models. Moreover, alizarin red staining analysis showed that AAV8-TNAP-D10 treatment did not promote ectopic calcification of soft organs in adult HPP mice after 60 days of treatment, even after inducing chronic kidney disease. Overall, the AAV8-TNAP-D10 treatment improved the skeletal phenotype in both the adult HPP and pseudo-HPP mouse models. This preclinical study will contribute to the advancement of gene therapy for the improvement of skeletal disease in patients with heritable forms of osteomalacia. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma F. Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Yuka Kinoshita
- Human Genetics ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Human Genetics ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (RDSVS), The Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Gene TherapyNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- Human Genetics ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
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9
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Yonezawa Y, Guo L, Kakinuma H, Otomo N, Yoshino S, Takeda K, Nakajima M, Shiraki T, Ogura Y, Takahashi Y, Koike Y, Minami S, Uno K, Kawakami N, Ito M, Yonezawa I, Watanabe K, Kaito T, Yanagida H, Taneichi H, Harimaya K, Taniguchi Y, Shigematsu H, Iida T, Demura S, Sugawara R, Fujita N, Yagi M, Okada E, Hosogane N, Kono K, Chiba K, Kotani T, Sakuma T, Akazawa T, Suzuki T, Nishida K, Kakutani K, Tsuji T, Sudo H, Iwata A, Sato T, Inami S, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M, Terao C, Watanabe K, Okamoto H, Ikegawa S. Identification of a Functional Susceptibility Variant for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis that Upregulates Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1)-Mediated UNCX Expression. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:144-153. [PMID: 36342191 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a serious health problem affecting 3% of live births all over the world. Many loci associated with AIS have been identified by previous genome wide association studies, but their biological implication remains mostly unclear. In this study, we evaluated the AIS-associated variants in the 7p22.3 locus by combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses. rs78148157 was located in an enhancer of UNCX, a homeobox gene and its risk allele upregulated the UNCX expression. A transcription factor, early growth response 1 (EGR1), transactivated the rs78148157-located enhancer and showed a higher binding affinity for the risk allele of rs78148157. Furthermore, zebrafish larvae with UNCX messenger RNA (mRNA) injection developed body curvature and defective neurogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. rs78148157 confers the genetic susceptibility to AIS by enhancing the EGR1-regulated UNCX expression. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Long Guo
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hisaya Kakinuma
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision Making, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nao Otomo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshino
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shiraki
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision Making, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoji Ogura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Koike
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koki Uno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuho Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Medical and Dental General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Yanagida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Taneichi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Katsumi Harimaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yuki Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopedic, Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Shigematsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoru Demura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Sugawara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijiro Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naobumi Hosogane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuki Kono
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kono Orthopaedic Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kotani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Akazawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Teppei Suzuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kakutani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Taichi Tsuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Sudo
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Spine and Spinal Cord Disorders, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Iwata
- Department of Preventive and Therapeutic Research for Metastatic Bone Tumor, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Dynamics of Decision Making, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Sharma A, Michels LV, Pitsillides AA, Greeves J, Plotkin LI, Cardo V, Sims NA, Clarkin CE. Sexing Bones: Improving Transparency of Sex Reporting to Address Bias Within Preclinical Studies. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:5-13. [PMID: 36301601 PMCID: PMC10099537 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite knowledge that sexually dimorphic mechanisms regulate bone homeostasis, sex often remains unreported and unconsidered in preclinical experimental design. Failure to report sex could lead to inappropriate generalizations of research findings and less effective translation into clinical practice. Preclinical sex bias (preferential selection of one sex) is present across other fields, including neuroscience and immunology, but remains uninvestigated in skeletal research. For context, we first summarized key literature describing sexually dimorphic bone phenotypes in mice. We then investigated sex reporting practices in skeletal research, specifically how customary it is for murine sex to be included in journal article titles or abstracts and then determined whether any bias in sex reporting exists. Because sex hormones are important regulators of bone health (gonadectomy procedures, ie, ovariectomy [OVX] and orchidectomy [ORX], are common yet typically not reported with sex), we incorporated reporting of OVX and ORX terms, representing female and male mice, respectively, into our investigations around sex bias. Between 1999 and 2020, inclusion of sex in titles or abstracts was low in murine skeletal studies (2.6%-4.06%). Reporting of OVX and ORX terms was low (1.44%-2.64%) and reporting of OVX and ORX with sex uncommon (0.4%-0.3%). When studies were combined to include both sexes and OVX (representing female) and ORX terms (representing male), a bias toward reporting of female mice was evident. However, when the terms OVX and ORX were removed, a bias toward the use of male mice was identified. Thus, studies focusing on sex hormones are biased toward female reporting with all other studies biased in reporting of male mice. We now call upon journal editors to introduce consistent guidance for transparent and accessible reporting of murine sex in skeletal research to better monitor preclinical sex bias, to diversify development of treatments for bone health, and to enable global skeletal health equity. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikta Sharma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lysanne V Michels
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Julie Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Ministry of Defence, Andover, UK
| | - Lillian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Valentina Cardo
- Winchester School of Art, University of Southampton, Winchester, UK
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Claire E Clarkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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11
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Zhang X, Xiong Q, Lin W, Wang Q, Zhang D, Xu R, Zhou X, Zhang S, Peng L, Yuan Q. Schwann Cells Contribute to Alveolar Bone Regeneration by Promoting Cell Proliferation. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:119-130. [PMID: 36331097 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) following nerve injury is a critical feature in the regeneration of peripheral nerves as well as surrounding tissues. Here, we show a pivotal role of Schwann cell-derived cells in alveolar bone regeneration through the specific ablation of proteolipid protein 1 (Plp)-expressing cells and the transplantation of teased nerve fibers and associated cells. With inducible Plp specific genetic tracing, we observe that Plp+ cells migrate into wounded alveolar defect and dedifferentiate into repair SCs. Notably, these cells barely transdifferentiate into osteogenic cell lineage in both SCs tracing model and transplant model, but secret factors to enhance the proliferation of alveolar skeletal stem cells (aSSCs). As to the mechanism, this effect is associated with the upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) signaling and the downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway. Collectively, our data demonstrate that SCs dedifferentiate after neighboring alveolar bone injury and contribute to bone regeneration mainly by a paracrine function. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuchan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Johnston SN, Madhu V, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Conditional Deletion of HIF-2α in Mouse Nucleus Pulposus Reduces Fibrosis and Provides Mild and Transient Protection From Age-Dependent Structural Changes in Intervertebral Disc. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2512-2530. [PMID: 36117450 PMCID: PMC9772060 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical to the development and homeostasis of hypoxic tissues. Although HIF-2α, one of the main HIF-α isoforms, is expressed in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, its functions remain unknown. We deleted HIF-2α in the NP tissue using a notochord-specific FoxA2Cre allele to study HIF-2α function in the adult intervertebral disc. Unlike observations in HIF-1αcKO mice, fate mapping studies using Rosa26-mTmG reporter showed that HIF-2α loss in NP did not negatively impact cell survival or affect compartment development. Rather, loss of HIF-2α resulted in slightly better attributes of NP morphology in 14-month-old HIF-2αcKO mice as evident from lower scores of degeneration. These 14-month-old HIF-2αcKO mice also exhibited significant reduction in NP tissue fibrosis and lower collagen turnover in the annulus fibrosis (AF) compartment. Imaging-Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) analyses showed decreased collagen and protein content in the NP and maintained chondroitin sulfate levels in 14-month-old HIF-2αcKO . Mechanistically, global transcriptomic analysis showed enrichment of differentially expressed genes with Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to metabolic processes and cell development, molecular functions concerned with histone and protein binding, and associated pathways, including oxidative stress. Noteworthy, these morphological differences were not apparent in 24-month-old HIF-2αcKO , indicating that aging is the dominant factor in governing disc health. Together these data suggest that loss of HIF-2α in the NP compartment is not detrimental to the intervertebral disc development but rather mitigates NP tissue fibrosis and offers mild but transient protection from age-dependent early degenerative changes. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira N. Johnston
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Vedavathi Madhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Irving M. Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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13
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Yamamoto M, Stoessel SJ, Yamamoto S, Goldhamer DJ. Overexpression of Wild-Type ACVR1 in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Mice Rescues Perinatal Lethality and Inhibits Heterotopic Ossification. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2077-2093. [PMID: 35637634 PMCID: PMC9708949 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a devastating disease of progressive heterotopic bone formation for which effective treatments are currently unavailable. FOP is caused by dominant gain-of-function mutations in the receptor ACVR1 (also known as ALK2), which render the receptor inappropriately responsive to activin ligands. In previous studies, we developed a genetic mouse model of FOP that recapitulates most clinical aspects of the disease. In this model, genetic loss of the wild-type Acvr1 allele profoundly exacerbated heterotopic ossification, suggesting the hypothesis that the stoichiometry of wild-type and mutant receptors dictates disease severity. Here, we tested this model by producing FOP mice that conditionally overexpress human wild-type ACVR1. Injury-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) was completely blocked in FOP mice when expression of both the mutant and wild-type receptor were targeted to Tie2-positive cells, which includes fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). Perinatal lethality of Acvr1R206H/+ mice was rescued by constitutive ACVR1 overexpression, and these mice survived to adulthood at predicted Mendelian frequencies. Constitutive overexpression of ACVR1 also provided protection from spontaneous abnormal skeletogenesis, and the incidence and severity of injury-induced HO in these mice was dramatically reduced. Analysis of pSMAD1/5/8 signaling both in cultured cells and in vivo indicates that ACVR1 overexpression functions cell-autonomously by reducing osteogenic signaling in response to activin A. We propose that ACVR1 overexpression inhibits HO by decreasing the abundance of ACVR1(R206H)-containing signaling complexes at the cell surface while increasing the representation of activin-A-bound non-signaling complexes comprised of wild-type ACVR1. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Sean J Stoessel
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Shoko Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - David J Goldhamer
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
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14
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Wentworth KL, Lalonde RL, Groppe JC, Brewer N, Moody T, Hansberry S, Taylor KE, Shore EM, Kaplan FS, Pignolo RJ, Yelick PC, Hsiao EC. Functional Testing of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Pathway Variants Identified on Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Patient with Delayed-Onset Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Using ACVR1 R206H -Specific Human Cellular and Zebrafish Models. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2058-2076. [PMID: 36153796 PMCID: PMC9950781 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is critical in skeletal development. Overactivation can trigger heterotopic ossification (HO) as in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare, progressive disease of massive HO formation. A small subset of FOP patients harboring the causative ACVR1R206H mutation show strikingly mild or delayed-onset HO, suggesting that genetic variants in the BMP pathway could act as disease modifiers. Whole-exome sequencing of one such patient identified BMPR1AR443C and ACVR2AV173I as candidate modifiers. Molecular modeling predicted significant structural perturbations. Neither variant decreased BMP signaling in ACVR1R206H HEK 293T cells at baseline or after stimulation with BMP4 or activin A (AA), ligands that activate ACVR1R206H signaling. Overexpression of BMPR1AR443C in a Tg(ACVR1-R206Ha) embryonic zebrafish model, in which overactive BMP signaling yields ventralized embryos, did not alter ventralization severity, while ACVR2AV173I exacerbated ventralization. Co-expression of both variants did not affect dorsoventral patterning. In contrast, BMPR1A knockdown in ACVR1R206H HEK cells decreased ligand-stimulated BMP signaling but did not affect dorsoventral patterning in Tg(ACVR1-R206Ha) zebrafish. ACVR2A knockdown decreased only AA-stimulated signaling in ACVR1R206H HEK cells and had no effect in Tg(ACVR1-R206Ha) zebrafish. Co-knockdown in ACVR1R206H HEK cells decreased basal and ligand-stimulated signaling, and co-knockdown/knockout (bmpr1aa/ab; acvr2aa/ab) decreased Tg(ACVR1-R206Ha) zebrafish ventralization phenotypes. Our functional studies showed that knockdown of wild-type BMPR1A and ACVR2A could attenuate ACVR1R206H signaling, particularly in response to AA, and that ACVR2AV173I unexpectedly increased ACVR1R206H -mediated signaling in zebrafish. These studies describe a useful strategy and platform for functionally interrogating potential genes and genetic variants that may impact the BMP signaling pathway. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Wentworth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert L Lalonde
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay C Groppe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Niambi Brewer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and The Center of Research for FOP & Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tania Moody
- Institute for Human Genetics, the Program in Craniofacial Biology, the UCSF Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Hansberry
- San Francisco State University, California Institute of Regenerative Medicine Bridges to Stem Cell Research Program, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly E Taylor
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and The Center of Research for FOP & Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick S Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and The Center of Research for FOP & Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Pamela C Yelick
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward C Hsiao
- Institute for Human Genetics, the Program in Craniofacial Biology, the UCSF Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Mohamed FF, Chavez MB, Huggins S, Bertels J, Falck A, Suva LJ, Foster BL, Gaddy D. Dentoalveolar Defects of Hypophosphatasia are Recapitulated in a Sheep Knock-In Model. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2005-2017. [PMID: 36053890 PMCID: PMC9613530 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inherited error-of-metabolism caused by mutations in ALPL, reducing the function of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP/TNALP/TNSALP). HPP is characterized by defective skeletal and dental mineralization and is categorized into several clinical subtypes based on age of onset and severity of manifestations, though premature tooth loss from acellular cementum defects is common across most HPP subtypes. Genotype-phenotype associations and mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal, dental, and other defects remain poorly characterized. Murine models that have provided significant insights into HPP pathophysiology also carry limitations including monophyodont dentition, lack of osteonal remodeling of cortical bone, and differing patterns of skeletal growth. To address this, we generated the first gene-edited large-animal model of HPP in sheep via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of a missense mutation (c.1077C>G; p.I359M) associated with skeletal and dental manifestations in humans. We hypothesized that this HPP sheep model would recapitulate the human dentoalveolar manifestations of HPP. Compared to wild-type (WT), compound heterozygous (cHet) sheep with one null allele and the other with the targeted mutant allele exhibited the most severe alveolar bone, acellular cementum, and dentin hypomineralization defects. Sheep homozygous for the mutant allele (Hom) showed alveolar bone and hypomineralization effects and trends in dentin and cementum, whereas sheep heterozygous (Het) for the mutation did not exhibit significant effects. Important insights gained include existence of early alveolar bone defects that may contribute to tooth loss in HPP, observation of severe mantle dentin hypomineralization in an HPP animal model, association of cementum hypoplasia with genotype, and correlation of dentoalveolar defects with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The sheep model of HPP faithfully recapitulated dentoalveolar defects reported in individuals with HPP, providing a new translational model for studies into etiopathology and novel therapies of this disorder, as well as proof-of-principle that genetically engineered large sheep models can replicate human dentoalveolar disorders. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shannon Huggins
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joshua Bertels
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Falck
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dana Gaddy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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16
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Zimmerman K, Li X, von Kroge S, Stabach P, Lester ER, Chu EY, Srivastava S, Somerman MJ, Tommasini SM, Busse B, Schinke T, Carpenter TO, Oheim R, Braddock DT. Catalysis-Independent ENPP1 Protein Signaling Regulates Mammalian Bone Mass. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1733-1749. [PMID: 35773783 PMCID: PMC9709593 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) deficiency induces vascular/soft tissue calcifications in generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), and low bone mass with phosphate-wasting rickets in GACI survivors (autosomal hypophosphatemic rickets type-2). ENPP1 haploinsufficiency induces early-onset osteoporosis and mild phosphate wasting in adults. Both conditions demonstrate the unusual combination of reduced accrual of skeletal mineral, yet excess and progressive heterotopic mineralization. ENPP1 is the only enzyme that generates extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of both bone and heterotopic mineralization. Life-threatening vascular calcification in ENPP1 deficiency is due to decreased plasma PPi; however, the mechanism by which osteopenia results is not apparent from an understanding of the enzyme's catalytic activity. To probe for catalysis-independent ENPP1 pathways regulating bone, we developed a murine model uncoupling ENPP1 protein signaling from ENPP1 catalysis, Enpp1T238A mice. In contrast to Enpp1asj mice, which lack ENPP1, Enpp1T238A mice have normal trabecular bone microarchitecture and favorable biomechanical properties. However, both models demonstrate low plasma Pi and PPi, increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and by 23 weeks, osteomalacia demonstrating equivalent phosphate wasting in both models. Reflecting findings in whole bone, calvarial cell cultures from Enpp1asj mice demonstrated markedly decreased calcification, elevated transcription of Sfrp1, and decreased nuclear β-catenin signaling compared to wild-type (WT) and Enpp1T238A cultures. Finally, the decreased calcification and nuclear β-catenin signaling observed in Enpp1asj cultures was restored to WT levels by knockout of Sfrp1. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that catalysis-independent ENPP1 signaling pathways regulate bone mass via the expression of soluble Wnt inhibitors such as secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), whereas catalysis dependent pathways regulate phosphate homeostasis through the regulation of plasma FGF23. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, 06510
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, 06510
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Stabach
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, 06510
| | - Ethan R. Lester
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, 06510
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of General Dentistry, Operative Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, 21202
| | - Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, 06510
| | - Martha J. Somerman
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven M. Tommasini
- Department of Orthopædics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, 06510
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas O. Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, 06510
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Demetrios T. Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, 06510
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17
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Doolittle ML, Saul D, Kaur J, Rowsey JL, Eckhardt B, Vos S, Grain S, Kroupova K, Ruan M, Weivoda M, Oursler MJ, Farr JN, Monroe DG, Khosla S. Skeletal Effects of Inducible ERα Deletion in Osteocytes in Adult Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1750-1760. [PMID: 35789113 PMCID: PMC9474695 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is known to regulate bone metabolism in both women and men, but substantial gaps remain in our knowledge of estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) regulation of adult bone metabolism. Studies using global ERα-knockout mice were confounded by high circulating sex-steroid levels, and osteocyte/osteoblast-specific ERα deletion may be confounded by ERα effects on growth versus the adult skeleton. Thus, we developed mice expressing the tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 in osteocytes using the 8-kilobase (kb) Dmp1 promoter (Dmp1CreERT2 ). These mice were crossed with ERαfl//fl mice to create ERαΔOcy mice, permitting inducible osteocyte-specific ERα deletion in adulthood. After intermittent tamoxifen treatment of adult 4-month-old mice for 1 month, female, but not male, ERαΔOcy mice exhibited reduced spine bone volume fraction (BV/TV (-20.1%, p = 0.004) accompanied by decreased trabecular bone formation rate (-18.9%, p = 0.0496) and serum P1NP levels (-38.9%, p = 0.014). Periosteal (+65.6%, p = 0.004) and endocortical (+64.1%, p = 0.003) expansion were higher in ERαΔOcy mice compared to control (Dmp1CreERT2 ) mice at the tibial diaphysis, reflecting the known effects of estrogen to inhibit periosteal apposition and promote endocortical formation. Increases in Sost (2.1-fold, p = 0.001) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were observed in trabecular bone at the spine in ERαΔOcy mice, consistent with previous reports that estrogen deficiency is associated with increased circulating sclerostin as well as bone SOST mRNA levels in humans. Further, the biological consequences of increased Sost expression were reflected in significant overall downregulation in panels of osteoblast and Wnt target genes in osteocyte-enriched bones from ERαΔOcy mice. These findings thus establish that osteocytic ERα is critical for estrogen action in female, but not male, adult bone metabolism. Moreover, the reduction in bone formation accompanied by increased Sost, decreased osteoblast, and decreased Wnt target gene expression in ERαΔOcy mice provides a direct link in vivo between ERα and Wnt signaling. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. Doolittle
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Dominik Saul
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Jennifer L. Rowsey
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Brittany Eckhardt
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Stephanie Vos
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Sarah Grain
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Kveta Kroupova
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove and the Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ming Ruan
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Megan Weivoda
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Merry Jo Oursler
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Joshua N. Farr
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - David G. Monroe
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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18
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Kimura T, Panaroni C, Rankin EB, Purton LE, Wu JY. Loss of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Signaling in Osteoprogenitors Is Associated With Accumulation of Multiple Hematopoietic Lineages in the Bone Marrow. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1321-1334. [PMID: 35490308 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and their progenitors play an important role in the support of hematopoiesis within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) signaling in osteoprogenitors is required for normal B cell precursor differentiation, and for trafficking of maturing B cells out of the BM. Cells of the osteoblast lineage have been implicated in the regulation of several other hematopoietic cell populations, but the effects of PTH1R signaling in osteoprogenitors on other maturing hematopoietic populations have not been investigated. Here we report that numbers of maturing myeloid, T cell, and erythroid populations were increased in the BM of mice lacking PTH1R in Osx-expressing osteoprogenitors (PTH1R-OsxKO mice; knockout [KO]). This increase in maturing hematopoietic populations was not associated with an increase in progenitor populations or proliferation. The spleens of PTH1R-OsxKO mice were small with decreased numbers of all hematopoietic populations, suggesting that trafficking of mature hematopoietic populations between BM and spleen is impaired in the absence of PTH1R in osteoprogenitors. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of osteoprogenitors and their descendants in bone and BM revealed increased expression of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), factors that are involved in trafficking of several hematopoietic populations. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Kimura
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Panaroni
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louise E Purton
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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19
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Kroon T, Bhadouria N, Niziolek P, Edwards D, Choi R, Clinkenbeard EL, Robling A, Holguin N. Suppression of Sost/Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 Augment Intervertebral Disc Structure in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1156-1169. [PMID: 35278242 PMCID: PMC9320845 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a leading cause of low back pain, characterized by accelerated extracellular matrix breakdown and IVD height loss, but there is no approved pharmacological therapeutic. Deletion of Wnt ligand competitor Lrp5 induces IVD degeneration, suggesting that Wnt signaling is essential for IVD homeostasis. Therefore, the IVD may respond to neutralization of Wnt ligand competitors sost(gene)/sclerostin(protein) and/or dickkopf-1 (dkk1). Anti-sclerostin antibody (scl-Ab) is an FDA-approved bone therapeutic that activates Wnt signaling. We aimed to (i) determine if pharmacological neutralization of sclerostin, dkk1, or their combination would stimulate Wnt signaling and augment IVD structure and (ii) determine the prolonged adaptation of the IVD to global, persistent deletion of sost. Nine-week-old C57Bl/6J female mice (n = 6-7/group) were subcutaneously injected 2×/week for 5.5 weeks with scl-Ab (25 mg/kg), dkk1-Ab (25 mg/kg), 3:1 scl-Ab/dkk1-Ab (18.75:6.25 mg/kg), or vehicle (veh). Separately, IVD of sost KO and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 8/group) were harvested at 16 weeks of age. First, compared with vehicle, injection of scl-Ab, dkk1-Ab, and 3:1 scl-Ab/dkk1-Ab similarly increased lumbar IVD height and β-catenin gene expression. Despite these similarities, only injection of scl-Ab alone strengthened IVD mechanical properties and decreased heat shock protein gene expressions. Genetically and compared with WT, sost KO enlarged IVD height, increased proteoglycan staining, and imbibed IVD hydration. Notably, persistent deletion of sost was compensated by upregulation of dkk1, which consequently reduced the cell nuclear fraction for Wnt signaling co-transcription factor β-catenin in the IVD. Lastly, RNA-sequencing pathway analysis confirmed the compensatory suppression of Wnt signaling and revealed a reduction of cellular stress-related pathways. Together, suppression of sost/sclerostin or dkk1 each augmented IVD structure by stimulating Wnt signaling, but scl-Ab outperformed dkk1-Ab in strengthening the IVD. Ultimately, postmenopausal women prescribed scl-Ab injections to prevent vertebral fracture may also benefit from a restoration of IVD height and health. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Kroon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neharika Bhadouria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Paul Niziolek
- Radiology & Imaging Sciences, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel Edwards
- Indiana Center of Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roy Choi
- Department for Anatomy and Cell Biology, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Alexander Robling
- Indiana Center of Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department for Anatomy and Cell Biology, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nilsson Holguin
- Indiana Center of Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department for Anatomy and Cell Biology, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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20
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Zhang L, Fu X, Ni L, Liu C, Zheng Y, You H, Li M, Xiu C, Zhang L, Gong T, Luo N, Zhang Z, He G, Hu S, Yang H, Chen D, Chen J. Hedgehog Signaling Controls Bone Homeostasis by Regulating Osteogenic/Adipogenic Fate of Skeletal Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:559-576. [PMID: 34870341 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) can differentiate into osteogenic or adipogenic lineage. The mechanism governing lineage allocation of SSPCs is still not completely understood. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays an essential role in specifying osteogenic fate of mesenchymal progenitors during embryogenesis. However, it is still unclear whether Hh signaling is required for lineage allocation of SSPCs in postnatal skeleton, and whether its dysregulation is related to age-related osteoporosis. Here, we demonstrated that Hh signaling was activated in metaphyseal SSPCs during osteogenic differentiation in the adult skeleton, and its activity decreased with aging. Inactivation of Hh signaling by genetic ablation of Smo, a key molecule in Hh signaling, in Osx-Cre-targeted SSPCs and hypertrophic chondrocytes led to decreased bone formation and increased bone marrow adiposity, two key pathological features of age-related osteoporosis. Moreover, we found that the bone-fat imbalance phenotype caused by Smo deletion mainly resulted from aberrant allocation of SSPCs toward adipogenic lineage at the expense of osteogenic differentiation, but not due to accelerated transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into adipocytes. Mechanistically, we found that Hh signaling regulated osteoblast versus adipocyte fate of SSPCs partly through upregulating Wnt signaling. Thus, our results indicate that Hh signaling regulates bone homeostasis and age-related osteoporosis by acting as a critical switch of cell fate decisions of Osx-Cre-targeted SSPCs in mice and suggest that Hh signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Fu
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cunchang Liu
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongji You
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Xiu
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Luo
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangxu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Li H, Wang X, Chen E, Liu X, Ma X, Miao C, Tian Z, Dong R, Hu Y. Introduction of a Cys360Tyr Mutation in ANO5 Creates a Mouse Model for Gnathodiaphyseal Dysplasia. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:515-530. [PMID: 34841576 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the osteosclerosis of tubular bones and the formation of cemento-osseous lesions in mandibles. Although genetic mutations for GDD have been identified in the ANO5/TMEM16E gene, the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of GDD remain unclear. Here, we generated the first knock-in mouse model for GDD with the expression of human mutation p.Cys360Tyr in ANO5. Homozygous Ano5 knock-in mice (Ano5KI/KI ) replicated GDD-like skeletal features, including massive jawbones, bowing tibia, bone fragility, sclerosis, and cortical thickening of the femoral and tibial diaphysis. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were elevated in Ano5KI/KI mice as in GDD patients with p.Cys360Tyr mutation. Calvaria-derived Ano5KI/KI osteoblast cultures showed increased osteoblastogenesis, including hypermineralized bone matrix and enhanced bone formation-related factors expression. Interestingly, Ano5KI/KI bone marrow-derived macrophage cultures showed decreased osteoclastogenesis, and Ano5KI/KI osteoclasts exhibited disrupted actin ring formation, which may be associated with some signaling pathways. In conclusion, this new mouse model may facilitate elucidation of the pathogenesis of GDD and shed more light on its treatment. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Erjun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrong Ma
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Miao
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchuan Tian
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Lawson LY, Brodt MD, Migotsky N, Chermside-Scabbo CJ, Palaniappan R, Silva MJ. Osteoblast-Specific Wnt Secretion Is Required for Skeletal Homeostasis and Loading-Induced Bone Formation in Adult Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:108-120. [PMID: 34542191 PMCID: PMC8770559 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is critical to many aspects of skeletal regulation, but the importance of Wnt ligands in the bone anabolic response to mechanical loading is not well established. Recent transcriptome profiling studies by our laboratory and others show that mechanical loading potently induces genes encoding Wnt ligands, including Wnt1 and Wnt7b. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that mechanical loading stimulates adult bone formation by inducing Wnt ligand expression. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited Wnt ligand secretion in adult (5 months old) mice using a systemic (drug) and a bone-targeted (conditional gene knockout) approach, and subjected them to axial tibial loading to induce lamellar bone formation. Mice treated with the Wnt secretion inhibitor WNT974 exhibited a decrease in bone formation in non-loaded bones as well as a 54% decline in the periosteal bone formation response to tibial loading. Next, osteoblast-specific Wnt secretion was inhibited by dosing 5-month-old Osx-CreERT2; WlsF/F mice with tamoxifen. Within 1 to 2 weeks of Wls deletion, skeletal homeostasis was altered with decreased bone formation and increased resorption, and the anabolic response to loading was reduced 65% compared to control (WlsF/F ). Together, these findings show that Wnt ligand secretion is required for adult bone homeostasis, and furthermore establish a role for osteoblast-derived Wnts in mediating the bone anabolic response to tibial loading. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y Lawson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael D Brodt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole Migotsky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher J Chermside-Scabbo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ramya Palaniappan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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23
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Verlinden L, Carmeliet G. Integrated View on the Role of Vitamin D Actions on Bone and Growth Plate Homeostasis. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10577. [PMID: 34950832 PMCID: PMC8674772 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25(OH)2D3, the biologically active form of vitamin D3, is a major regulator of mineral and bone homeostasis and exerts its actions through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand‐activated transcription factor that can directly modulate gene expression in vitamin D‐target tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and bone. Inactivating VDR mutations or vitamin D deficiency during development results in rickets, hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and hypophosphatemia, pointing to the critical role of 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced signaling in the maintenance of mineral homeostasis and skeletal health. 1,25(OH)2D3 is a potent stimulator of VDR‐mediated intestinal calcium absorption, thus increasing the availability of calcium required for proper bone mineralization. However, when intestinal calcium absorption is impaired, renal calcium reabsorption is increased and calcium is mobilized from the bone to preserve normocalcemia. Multiple cell types within bone express the VDR, thereby allowing 1,25(OH)2D3 to directly affect bone homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss different transgenic mouse models with either Vdr deletion or overexpression in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, or osteoclasts to delineate the direct effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone homeostasis. We will address the bone cell type–specific effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in conditions of a positive calcium balance, where the amount of (re)absorbed calcium equals or exceeds fecal and renal calcium losses, as well as during a negative calcium balance, due to selective Vdr knockdown in the intestine or triggered by a low calcium diet. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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24
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Delsmann MM, Seist R, Stürznickel J, Schmidt FN, Mansour A, Kobelski MM, Broocks G, Peichl J, Oheim R, Praetorius M, Schinke T, Amling M, Demay MB, Stankovic KM, Rolvien T. Conductive Hearing Loss in the Hyp Mouse Model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Is Accompanied by Hypomineralization of the Auditory Ossicles. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2317-2328. [PMID: 34523743 PMCID: PMC8688200 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hereditary musculoskeletal disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PHEX gene. In XLH, increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels cause renal phosphate wasting and low concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, leading to an early clinical manifestation of rickets. Importantly, hearing loss is commonly observed in XLH patients. We present here data from two XLH patients with marked conductive hearing loss. To decipher the underlying pathophysiology of hearing loss in XLH, we utilized the Hyp mouse model of XLH and measured auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) to functionally assess hearing. As evidenced by the increased ABR/DPOAE threshold shifts in the mid-frequency range, these measurements indicated a predominantly conductive hearing loss in Hyp mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Therefore, we carried out an in-depth histomorphometric and scanning electron microscopic analysis of the auditory ossicles. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) indicated a severe hypomineralization of the ossicles in Hyp mice, evidenced by lower calcium content (CaMean) and higher void volume (ie, porosity) compared to WT mice. Histologically, voids correlated with unmineralized bone (ie, osteoid), and the osteoid volume per bone volume (OV/BV) was markedly higher in Hyp mice than WT mice. The density of osteocyte lacunae was lower in Hyp mice than in WT mice, whereas osteocyte lacunae were enlarged. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of ossicular mineralization for hearing conduction and point toward the potential benefit of improving mineralization to prevent hearing loss in XLH. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Delsmann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Seist
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julian Stürznickel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amer Mansour
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret M Kobelski
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Broocks
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Peichl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark Praetorius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie B Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Hixon KR, McKenzie JA, Sykes DAW, Yoneda S, Hensley A, Buettmann EG, Zheng H, Skouteris D, McAlinden A, Miller AN, Silva MJ. Ablation of Proliferating Osteoblast Lineage Cells After Fracture Leads to Atrophic Nonunion in a Mouse Model. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2243-2257. [PMID: 34405443 PMCID: PMC8719642 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonunion is defined as the permanent failure of a fractured bone to heal, often necessitating surgical intervention. Atrophic nonunions are a subtype that are particularly difficult to treat. Animal models of atrophic nonunion are available; however, these require surgical or radiation-induced trauma to disrupt periosteal healing. These methods are invasive and not representative of many clinical nonunions where osseous regeneration has been arrested by a "failure of biology". We hypothesized that arresting osteoblast cell proliferation after fracture would lead to atrophic nonunion in mice. Using mice that express a thymidine kinase (tk) "suicide gene" driven by the 3.6Col1a1 promoter (Col1-tk), proliferating osteoblast lineage cells can be ablated upon exposure to the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV). Wild-type (WT; control) and Col1-tk littermates were subjected to a full femur fracture and intramedullary fixation at 12 weeks age. We confirmed abundant tk+ cells in fracture callus of Col-tk mice dosed with water or GCV, specifically many osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes at the cartilage-bone interface. Histologically, we observed altered callus composition in Col1-tk mice at 2 and 3 weeks postfracture, with significantly less bone and more fibrous tissue. Col1-tk mice, monitored for 12 weeks with in vivo radiographs and micro-computed tomography (μCT) scans, had delayed bone bridging and reduced callus size. After euthanasia, ex vivo μCT and histology showed failed union with residual bone fragments and fibrous tissue in Col1-tk mice. Biomechanical testing showed a failure to recover torsional strength in Col1-tk mice, in contrast to WT. Our data indicates that suppression of proliferating osteoblast-lineage cells for at least 2 weeks after fracture blunts the formation and remodeling of a mineralized callus leading to a functional nonunion. We propose this as a new murine model of atrophic nonunion. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Hixon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A McKenzie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A W Sykes
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susumu Yoneda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Austin Hensley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evan G Buettmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dimitrios Skouteris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,St. Louis Shriners Hospital Research Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna N Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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26
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Hruba E, Kavkova M, Dalecka L, Macholan M, Zikmund T, Varecha M, Bosakova M, Kaiser J, Krejci P, Hovorakova M, Buchtova M. Loss of Sprouty Produces a Ciliopathic Skeletal Phenotype in Mice Through Upregulation of Hedgehog Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2258-2274. [PMID: 34423857 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Sprouty family is a highly conserved group of intracellular modulators of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-signaling pathways, which have been recently linked to primary cilia. Disruptions in the structure and function of primary cilia cause inherited disorders called ciliopathies. We aimed to evaluate Sprouty2 and Sprouty4 gene-dependent alterations of ciliary structure and to focus on the determination of its association with Hedgehog signaling defects in chondrocytes. Analysis of the transgenic mice phenotype with Sprouty2 and Sprouty4 deficiency revealed several defects, including improper endochondral bone formation and digit patterning, or craniofacial and dental abnormalities. Moreover, reduced bone thickness and trabecular bone mass, skull deformities, or chondroma-like lesions were revealed. All these pathologies might be attributed to ciliopathies. Elongation of the ciliary axonemes in embryonic and postnatal growth plate chondrocytes was observed in Sprouty2-/- and Sprouty2+/- /Sprouty4-/- mutants compared with corresponding littermate controls. Also, cilia-dependent Hedgehog signaling was upregulated in Sprouty2/4 mutant animals. Ptch1 and Ihh expression were upregulated in the autopodium and the proximal tibia of Sprouty2-/- /Sprouty4-/- mutants. Increased levels of the GLI3 repressor (GLI3R) form were detected in Sprouty2/4 mutant primary fibroblast embryonic cell cultures and tissues. These findings demonstrate that mouse lines deficient in Sprouty proteins manifest phenotypic features resembling ciliopathic phenotypes in multiple aspects and may serve as valuable models to study the association between overactivation of RTK and dysfunction of primary cilia during skeletogenesis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hruba
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kavkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Dalecka
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Macholan
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Varecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Qin X, Jiang Q, Komori H, Sakane C, Fukuyama R, Matsuo Y, Ito K, Miyazaki T, Komori T. Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) is required for bone matrix protein gene expression in committed osteoblasts in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2081-2095. [PMID: 34101902 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. However, its functions after the commitment into osteoblasts are controversial and remain to be clarified. We generated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-Cre transgenic mice driven by the 2.3-kilobase (kb) Col1a1 promoter, and Runx2 was deleted in osteoblasts and odontoblasts in Runx2fl/flCre mice. The sutures and fontanelles were more widely opened in Runx2fl/flCre newborns than in Runx2fl/fl newborns. Runx2fl/flCre mice exhibited dwarfism with shorter incisors and 37% had irregularly aligned incisors. The volume of trabecular bone in femurs and vertebrae and their bone mineral density (BMD), in addition to the cortical thickness and BMD were reduced in Runx2fl/flCre mice compared with Runx2fl/fl mice in both sexes. The bone formation of both trabecular and cortical bone, osteoblast number, osteoclast surface, osteoblast proliferation, and the serum levels of procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b), and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX1) were reduced in Runx2fl/flCre mice. The expression of major bone matrix protein genes, including Col1a1, Col1a2, Spp1, Ibsp, and Bglap&Bglap2, and of Tnfsf11 was lower in Runx2fl/flCre mice than in Runx2fl/fl mice. The expression of Runx2 target genes, including Ihh, Fgfr1, Fgfr2, Fgfr3, Tcf7, Wnt10b, Pth1r, Sp7, and Dlx5, was also reduced. Osteoblasts in Runx2fl/fl mice were cuboidal and contained abundant type I collagen α1 (Col1a1), whereas those in Runx2fl/flCre mice were deflated and contained a small amount of Col1a1. Runx2 activated the reporter activity of the 2.3-kb Col1a1 promoter and bound the region around the Col1a1 transcription start site. The deletion of Runx2 by Cre-expressing adenovirus in Runx2fl/fl primary osteoblasts impaired osteoblast differentiation and the expression of genes encoding major bone matrix proteins, and osteoclastogenesis was inhibited due to the reduction of Tnfsf11 expression in the osteoblasts. This study demonstrated that Runx2 is required for the expression of the major bone matrix protein genes and Tnfsf11 after commitment into osteoblasts in mice. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science International Research Fellow, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qing Jiang
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisato Komori
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chiharu Sakane
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Life Science Support Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuo
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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28
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Ansari N, Isojima T, Crimeen-Irwin B, Poulton IJ, McGregor NE, Ho PWM, Forwood MR, Kovacs CS, Dimitriadis E, Gooi JH, Martin TJ, Sims NA. Dmp1Cre-directed knockdown of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in murine decidua is associated with a life-long increase in bone mass, width, and strength in male progeny. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1999-2016. [PMID: 34101894 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP, gene name Pthlh) is a pleiotropic regulator of tissue homeostasis. In bone, Dmp1Cre-targeted PTHrP deletion in osteocytes causes osteopenia and impaired cortical strength. We report here that this outcome depends on parental genotype. In contrast to our previous report using mice bred from heterozygous (flox/wild type) Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/w parents, adult (16-week-old and 26-week-old) flox/flox (f/f) Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f mice from homozygous parents (Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom) ) have stronger bones, with 40% more trabecular bone mass and 30% greater femoral width than controls. This greater bone size was observed in Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom) mice as early as 12 days of age, when greater bone width was also found in male and female Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom) mice compared to controls, but not in gene-matched mice from heterozygous parents. This suggested a maternal influence on skeletal size prior to weaning. Although Dmp1Cre has previously been reported to cause gene recombination in mammary gland, milk PTHrP protein levels were normal. The wide-bone phenotype was also noted in utero: Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom) embryonic femurs were more mineralized and wider than controls. Closer examination revealed that Dmp1Cre caused PTHrP recombination in placenta, and in the maternal-derived decidual layer that resides between the placenta and the uterus. Decidua from mothers of Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom) mice also exhibited lower PTHrP levels by immunohistochemistry and were smaller than controls. We conclude that Dmp1Cre leads to gene recombination in decidua, and that decidual PTHrP might, through an influence on decidual cells, limit embryonic bone radial growth. This suggests a maternal-derived developmental origin of adult bone strength. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Ansari
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tsuyoshi Isojima
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ingrid J Poulton
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Narelle E McGregor
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia W M Ho
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark R Forwood
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher S Kovacs
- Faculty of Medicine - Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, The Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan H Gooi
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Zweifler LE, Koh AJ, Daignault-Newton S, McCauley LK. Anabolic actions of PTH in murine models: two decades of insights. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1979-1998. [PMID: 34101904 PMCID: PMC8596798 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced by the parathyroid glands in response to low serum calcium concentrations where it targets bones, kidneys, and indirectly, intestines. The N-terminus of PTH has been investigated for decades for its ability to stimulate bone formation when administered intermittently (iPTH) and is used clinically as an effective anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Despite great interest in iPTH and its clinical use, the mechanisms of PTH action remain complicated and not fully defined. More than 70 gene targets in more than 90 murine models have been utilized to better understand PTH anabolic actions. Because murine studies utilized wild-type mice as positive controls, a variety of variables were analyzed to better understand the optimal conditions under which iPTH functions. The greatest responses to iPTH were in male mice, with treatment starting later than 12 weeks of age, a treatment duration lasting 5-6 weeks, and a PTH dose of 30-60 μg/kg/day. This comprehensive study also evaluated these genetic models relative to the bone formative actions with a primary focus on the trabecular compartment revealing trends in critical genes and gene families relevant for PTH anabolic actions. The summation of these data revealed the gene deletions with the greatest increase in trabecular bone volume in response to iPTH. These included PTH and 1-α-hydroxylase (Pth;1α(OH)ase, 62-fold), amphiregulin (Areg, 15.8-fold), and PTH related protein (Pthrp, 10.2-fold). The deletions with the greatest inhibition of the anabolic response include deletions of: proteoglycan 4 (Prg4, -9.7-fold), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6, 1.3-fold), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5, -1.0-fold). Anabolic actions of iPTH were broadly affected via multiple and diverse genes. This data provides critical insight for future research and development, as well as application to human therapeutics. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Zweifler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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30
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Bek JW, Shochat C, De Clercq A, De Saffel H, Boel A, Metz J, Rodenburg F, Karasik D, Willaert A, Coucke PJ. Lrp5 Mutant and Crispant Zebrafish Faithfully Model Human Osteoporosis, Establishing the Zebrafish as a Platform for CRISPR-Based Functional Screening of Osteoporosis Candidate Genes. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1749-1764. [PMID: 33957005 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic architecture of common complex diseases such as osteoporosis. Nevertheless, to attribute functional skeletal contributions of candidate genes to osteoporosis-related traits, there is a need for efficient and cost-effective in vivo functional testing. This can be achieved through CRISPR-based reverse genetic screens, where phenotyping is traditionally performed in stable germline knockout (KO) mutants. Recently it was shown that first-generation (F0) mosaic mutant zebrafish (so-called crispants) recapitulate the phenotype of germline KOs. To demonstrate feasibility of functional validation of osteoporosis candidate genes through crispant screening, we compared a crispant to a stable KO zebrafish model for the lrp5 gene. In humans, recessive loss-of-function mutations in LRP5, a co-receptor in the Wnt signaling pathway, cause osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome. In addition, several GWAS studies identified LRP5 as a major risk locus for osteoporosis-related phenotypes. In this study, we showed that early stage lrp5 KO larvae display decreased notochord mineralization and malformations of the head cartilage. Quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning and mass-spectrometry element analysis of the adult skeleton revealed decreased vertebral bone volume and bone mineralization, hallmark features of osteoporosis. Furthermore, regenerating fin tissue displayed reduced Wnt signaling activity in lrp5 KO adults. We next compared lrp5 mutants with crispants. Next-generation sequencing analysis of adult crispant tissue revealed a mean out-of-frame mutation rate of 76%, resulting in strongly reduced levels of Lrp5 protein. These crispants generally showed a milder but nonetheless highly comparable skeletal phenotype and a similarly reduced Wnt pathway response compared with lrp5 KO mutants. In conclusion, we show through faithful modeling of LRP5-related primary osteoporosis that crispant screening in zebrafish is a promising approach for rapid functional screening of osteoporosis candidate genes. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Bek
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chen Shochat
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna De Saffel
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juriaan Metz
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Rodenburg
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Karasik
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Garcia J, Smith SS, Karki S, Drissi H, Hrdlicka HH, Youngstrom DW, Delany AM. miR-433-3p suppresses bone formation and mRNAs critical for osteoblast function in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1808-1822. [PMID: 34004029 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of osteoblastic commitment and differentiation. miR-433-3p was previously shown to target Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and to be repressed by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Here, we show that miR-433-3p is progressively decreased during osteoblastic differentiation of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells in vitro, and we confirm its negative regulation of this process. Although repressors of osteoblastic differentiation often promote adipogenesis, inhibition of miR-433-3p did not affect adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Multiple pathways regulate osteogenesis. Using luciferase-3' untranslated region (UTR) reporter assays, five novel miR-433-3p targets involved in parathyroid hormone (PTH), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Wnt, and glucocorticoid signaling pathways were validated. We show that Creb1 is a miR-433-3p target, and this transcription factor mediates key signaling downstream of PTH receptor activation. We also show that miR-433-3p targets hydroxysteroid 11-β dehydrogenase 1 (Hsd11b1), the enzyme that locally converts inactive glucocorticoids to their active form. miR-433-3p dampens glucocorticoid signaling, and targeting of Hsd11b1 could contribute to this phenomenon. Moreover, miR-433-3p targets R-spondin 3 (Rspo3), a leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor (LGR) ligand that enhances Wnt signaling. Notably, Wnt canonical signaling is also blunted by miR-433-3p activity. In vivo, expression of a miR-433-3p inhibitor or tough decoy in the osteoblastic lineage increased trabecular bone volume. Mice expressing the miR-433-3p tough decoy displayed increased bone formation without alterations in osteoblast or osteoclast numbers or surface, indicating that miR-433-3p decreases osteoblast activity. Overall, we showed that miR-433-3p is a negative regulator of bone formation in vivo, targeting key bone-anabolic pathways including those involved in PTH signaling, Wnt, and endogenous glucocorticoids. Local delivery of miR-433-3p inhibitor could present a strategy for the management of bone loss disorders and bone defect repair. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- John Garcia
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Spenser S Smith
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sangita Karki
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University and Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Henry H Hrdlicka
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel W Youngstrom
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anne M Delany
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Kinoshita Y, Mohamed FF, Amadeu de Oliveira F, Narisawa S, Miyake K, Foster BL, Millán JL. Gene Therapy Using Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 Encoding TNAP-D 10 Improves the Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Phenotypes in Alpl -/- Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1835-1849. [PMID: 34076297 PMCID: PMC8446309 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), whose deficiency results in the accumulation of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi ), a potent mineralization inhibitor. Skeletal and dental hypomineralization characterizes HPP, with disease severity varying from life-threatening perinatal or infantile forms to milder forms that manifest in adulthood or only affect the dentition. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using mineral-targeted recombinant TNAP (Strensiq/asfotase alfa) markedly improves the life span, skeletal phenotype, motor function, and quality of life of patients with HPP, though limitations of ERT include frequent injections due to a short elimination half-life of 2.28 days and injection site reactions. We tested the efficacy of a single intramuscular administration of adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) encoding TNAP-D10 to increase the life span and improve the skeletal and dentoalveolar phenotypes in TNAP knockout (Alpl-/- ) mice, a murine model for severe infantile HPP. Alpl-/- mice received 3 × 1011 vector genomes/body of AAV8-TNAP-D10 within 5 days postnatal (dpn). AAV8-TNAP-D10 elevated serum ALP activity and suppressed plasma PPi . Treatment extended life span of Alpl-/- mice, and no ectopic calcifications were observed in the kidneys, aorta, coronary arteries, or brain in the 70 dpn observational window. Treated Alpl-/- mice did not show signs of rickets, including bowing of long bones, enlargement of epiphyses, or fractures. Bone microstructure of treated Alpl-/- mice was similar to wild type, with a few persistent small cortical and trabecular defects. Histology showed no measurable osteoid accumulation but reduced bone volume fraction in treated Alpl-/- mice versus controls. Treated Alpl-/- mice featured normal molar and incisor dentoalveolar tissues, with the exceptions of slightly reduced molar enamel and alveolar bone density. Histology showed the presence of cementum and normal periodontal ligament attachment. These results support gene therapy as a promising alternative to ERT for the treatment of HPP. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kinoshita
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Bonnet N, Douni E, Perréard Lopreno G, Besse M, Biver E, Ferrari S. RANKL-Induced Increase in Cathepsin K Levels Restricts Cortical Expansion in a Periostin-Dependent Fashion: A Potential New Mechanism of Bone Fragility. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1636-1645. [PMID: 33856714 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ ligand (RANKL) is necessary and sufficient to promote osteoclastogenesis and a key pathogenic factor in osteoporosis. Failure of periosteal apposition to compensate for bone loss due to endosteal resorption further contributes to bone fragility. Whether these two processes are biologically related, however, remains unknown. Using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), we first examined cortical bone parameters at distal radius and tibia in postmenopausal women (PMW) as well as in cadaveric human adult humeri. Increases in medullary area were negatively correlated with cortical bone volume but positively with total bone volume, and this relationship was stronger in the dominant arm, suggesting a mechanically driven process. To investigate the role of RANKL in this dual process, we used mice overexpressing huRANKL (huRANKLTg+ ). Trabecular and cortical bone volume (Ct.BV) are reduced in these mice, whereas cortical total volume (Ct.TV) is increased. In these bones, Sost mRNA levels are downregulated and periostin (Postn) mRNA levels upregulated, hence providing a positive message for periosteal bone formation. In turn, genetic deletion of Postn in huRANKLTg+ mice prevented the increase in Ct.TV and aggravated bone fragility. In contrast, cathepsin K (Ctsk) ablation improved Ct.TV in both huRANKLTg+ and wild-type (WT) mice and stimulated periosteal bone formation, while augmenting Postn protein levels. Therefore, bone strength in huRANKLTg+ /Ctsk-/- mice was restored to WT levels. These findings suggest that high levels of RANKL not only induce endosteal bone loss but may somewhat restrict periosteal bone formation by triggering periostin degradation through cathepsin K, hence providing a biological mechanism for the observed limited increase in cortical area in postmenopausal women. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Douni
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Geneviève Perréard Lopreno
- Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, F.-A. Forel Department, Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Besse
- Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, F.-A. Forel Department, Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ko FC, Kobelski MM, Zhang W, Grenga GM, Martins JS, Demay MB. Phosphate restriction impairs mTORC1 signaling leading to increased bone marrow adipose tissue and decreased bone in growing mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1510-1520. [PMID: 33900666 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent cells that differentiate into cells of the osteogenic and adipogenic lineage. A striking inverse relationship between bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) and bone volume is seen in several conditions, suggesting that differentiation of BMSCs into bone marrow adipocytes diverts cells from the osteogenic lineage, thereby compromising the structural and mechanical properties of bone. Phosphate restriction of growing mice acutely decreases bone formation, blocks osteoblast differentiation and increases BMAT. Studies performed to evaluate the cellular and molecular basis for the effects of acute phosphate restriction demonstrate that it acutely increases 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in osteoblasts. This is accompanied by decreased expression of Wnt10b in BMSCs. Phosphate restriction also promotes expression of the key adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (CEBPα), in CXCL12 abundant reticular (CAR) cells, which represent undifferentiated BMSCs and are the main source of BMAT and osteoblasts in the adult murine skeleton. Consistent with this, lineage tracing studies reveal that the BMAT observed in phosphate-restricted mice is of CAR cell origin. To determine whether circumventing the decrease in mTORC1 signaling in maturing osteoblasts attenuates the osteoblast and BMAT phenotype, phosphate-restricted mice with OSX-CreERT2 -mediated haploinsufficiency of the mTORC1 inhibitor, TSC2, were generated. TSC2 haploinsufficiency in preosteoblasts/osteoblasts normalized bone volume and osteoblast number in phosphate-restricted mice and attenuated the increase in BMAT observed. Thus, acute phosphate restriction leads to decreased bone and increases BMAT by impairing mTORC1 signaling in osterix-expressing cells. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Ko
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Wanlin Zhang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gina M Grenga
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janaina S Martins
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie B Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rios JJ, Denton K, Russell J, Kozlitina J, Ferreira CR, Lewanda AF, Mayfield JE, Moresco E, Ludwig S, Tang M, Li X, Lyon S, Khanshour A, Paria N, Khalid A, Li Y, Xie X, Feng JQ, Xu Q, Lu Y, Hammer RE, Wise CA, Beutler B. Germline Saturation Mutagenesis Induces Skeletal Phenotypes in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1548-1565. [PMID: 33905568 PMCID: PMC8862308 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proper embryonic and postnatal skeletal development require coordination of myriad complex molecular mechanisms. Disruption of these processes, through genetic mutation, contributes to variation in skeletal development. We developed a high-throughput N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced saturation mutagenesis skeletal screening approach in mice to identify genes required for proper skeletal development. Here, we report initial results from live-animal X-ray and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging of 27,607 G3 mice from 806 pedigrees, testing the effects of 32,198 coding/splicing mutations in 13,020 genes. A total of 39.7% of all autosomal genes were severely damaged or destroyed by mutations tested twice or more in the homozygous state. Results from our study demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo mutagenesis to identify mouse models of skeletal disease. Furthermore, our study demonstrates how ENU mutagenesis provides opportunities to create and characterize putative hypomorphic mutations in developmentally essential genes. Finally, we present a viable mouse model and case report of recessive skeletal disease caused by mutations in FAM20B. Results from this study, including engineered mouse models, are made publicly available via the online Mutagenetix database. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Rios
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristin Denton
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jamie Russell
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Skeletal Genomics Unit, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy F Lewanda
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joshua E Mayfield
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eva Moresco
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sara Ludwig
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Miao Tang
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Lyon
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anas Khanshour
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nandina Paria
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aysha Khalid
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xudong Xie
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert E Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carol A Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Kuroda Y, Kawaai K, Hatano N, Wu Y, Takano H, Momose A, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Roschger P, Blouin S, Matsuo K. Hypermineralization of Hearing-Related Bones by a Specific Osteoblast Subtype. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1535-1547. [PMID: 33905562 PMCID: PMC8453739 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Auditory ossicles in the middle ear and bony labyrinth of the inner ear are highly mineralized in adult mammals. Cellular mechanisms underlying formation of dense bone during development are unknown. Here, we found that osteoblast-like cells synthesizing highly mineralized hearing-related bones produce both type I and type II collagens as the bone matrix, while conventional osteoblasts and chondrocytes primarily produce type I and type II collagens, respectively. Furthermore, these osteoblast-like cells were not labeled in a "conventional osteoblast"-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse line. Type II collagen-producing osteoblast-like cells were not chondrocytes as they express osteocalcin, localize along alizarin-labeled osteoid, and form osteocyte lacunae and canaliculi, as do conventional osteoblasts. Auditory ossicles and the bony labyrinth exhibit not only higher bone matrix mineralization but also a higher degree of apatite orientation than do long bones. Therefore, we conclude that these type II collagen-producing hypermineralizing osteoblasts (termed here auditory osteoblasts) represent a new osteoblast subtype. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kuroda
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kawaai
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatano
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takano
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Momose
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsushita Y, Chu AKY, Ono W, Welch JD, Ono N. Intercellular Interactions of an Adipogenic CXCL12-Expressing Stromal Cell Subset in Murine Bone Marrow. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1145-1158. [PMID: 33651379 PMCID: PMC8605623 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow houses a multifunctional stromal cell population expressing C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), termed CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, that regulates osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The quiescent pre-adipocyte-like subset of CXCL12+ stromal cells ("Adipo-CAR" cells) is localized to sinusoidal surfaces and particularly enriched for hematopoiesis-supporting cytokines. However, detailed characteristics of these CXCL12+ pre-adipocyte-like stromal cells and how they contribute to marrow adipogenesis remain largely unknown. Here we highlight CXCL12-dependent physical coupling with hematopoietic cells as a potential mechanism regulating the adipogenic potential of CXCL12+ stromal cells. Single-cell computational analyses of RNA velocity and cell signaling reveal that Adipo-CAR cells exuberantly communicate with hematopoietic cells through CXCL12-CXCR4 ligand-receptor interactions but do not interconvert with Osteo-CAR cells. Consistent with this computational prediction, a substantial fraction of Cxcl12-creER+ pre-adipocyte-like cells intertwines with hematopoietic cells in vivo and in single-cell preparation in a protease-sensitive manner. Deletion of CXCL12 in these cells using Col2a1-cre leads to a reduction of stromal-hematopoietic coupling and extensive marrow adipogenesis in adult bone marrow, which appears to involve direct conversion of CXCL12+ cells to lipid-laden marrow adipocytes without altering mesenchymal progenitor cell fates. Therefore, these findings suggest that CXCL12+ pre-adipocyte-like marrow stromal cells prevent their premature differentiation by maintaining physical coupling with hematopoietic cells in a CXCL12-dependent manner, highlighting a possible cell-non-autonomous mechanism that regulates marrow adipogenesis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushita
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angel Ka Yan Chu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua D Welch
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Tang L, Wu M, Lu S, Zhang H, Shen Y, Shen C, Liang H, Ge H, Ding X, Wang Z. Fgf9 Negatively Regulates Bone Mass by Inhibiting Osteogenesis and Promoting Osteoclastogenesis Via MAPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:779-791. [PMID: 33316109 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) is a well-known factor that regulates bone development; however, its function in bone homeostasis is still unknown. Previously, we identified a point mutation in the FGF9 gene (p.Ser99Asn, S99N) and generated an isogeneic knock-in mouse model, which revealed that this loss-of-function mutation impaired early joint formation and was responsible for human multiple synostosis syndrome 3 (SYNS3). Moreover, newborn and adult S99N mutant mice exhibited significantly increased bone mass, suggesting that Fgf9 also participated in bone homeostasis. Histomorphology, tomography, and serological analysis of homozygous newborns and heterozygous adults showed that the Fgf9S99N mutation immensely increased bone mass and bone formation in perinatal and adult bones and decreased osteoclastogenesis in adult bone. An in vitro differentiation assay further revealed that the S99N mutation enhanced bone formation by promoting osteogenesis and mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and attenuating osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow monocytes (BMMs). Considering the loss-of-function effect of the S99N mutation, we hypothesized that Fgf9 itself inhibits osteogenesis and promotes osteoclastogenesis. An in vitro differentiation assay revealed that Fgf9 prominently inhibited BMSC osteogenic differentiation and mineralization and showed for the first time that Fgf9 promoted osteoclastogenesis by enhancing preosteoclast aggregation and cell-cell fusion. Furthermore, specific inhibitors and in vitro differentiation assays were used and showed that Fgf9 inhibited BMSC osteogenesis mainly via the MEK/ERK pathway and partially via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Fgf9 also promoted osteoclastogenesis as a potential costimulatory factor with macrophage colony-stimating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) by coactivating the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Taken together, our study demonstrated that Fgf9 is a negative regulator of bone homeostasis by regulating osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and provides a potential therapeutic target for bone degenerative diseases. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTUSM, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- Department of Radiology, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to SJTUSM, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
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39
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Maenohara Y, Chijimatsu R, Tachibana N, Uehara K, Xuan F, Mori D, Murahashi Y, Nakamoto H, Oichi T, Chang SH, Matsumoto T, Omata Y, Yano F, Tanaka S, Saito T. Lubricin Contributes to Homeostasis of Articular Cartilage by Modulating Differentiation of Superficial Zone Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:792-802. [PMID: 33617044 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lubricin encoded by the proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) gene is produced from superficial zone (SFZ) cells of articular cartilage and synoviocytes, which is indispensable for lubrication of joint surfaces. Loss-of-function of human and mouse Prg4 results in early-onset arthropathy accompanied by lost SFZ cells and hyperplastic synovium. Here, we focused on increases in the thickness of articular cartilage in Prg4-knockout joints and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. In the late stage of articular cartilage development, the articular cartilage was thickened at 2 to 4 weeks and the SFZ disappeared at 8 weeks in Prg4-knockout mice. Similar changes were observed in cultured Prg4-knockout femoral heads. Cell tracking showed that Prg4-knockout SFZ cells at 1 week of age expanded to deep layers after 1 week. In in vitro experiments, overexpression of Prg4 lacking a mucin-like domain suppressed differentiation of ATDC5 cells markedly, whereas pellets of Prg4-knockout SFZ cells showed enhanced differentiation. RNA sequencing identified matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) as the top upregulated gene by Prg4 knockout. Mmp9 expressed in the SFZ was further induced in Prg4-knockout mice. The increased expression of Mmp9 by Prg4 knockout was canceled by IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor treatment. Phosphorylation of Smad2 was also enhanced in Prg4-knockout cell pellets, which was canceled by the IKK inhibitor. Expression of Mmp9 and phosphorylated Smad2 during articular cartilage development was enhanced in Prg4-knockout joints. Lubricin contributes to homeostasis of articular cartilage by suppressing differentiation of SFZ cells, and the nuclear factor-kappa B-Mmp9-TGF-β pathway is probably responsible for the downstream action of lubricin. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Maenohara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tachibana
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Uehara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fengjun Xuan
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Murahashi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamoto
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oichi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Song Ho Chang
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsumoto
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sato AY, Pellegrini GG, Cregor M, McAndrews K, Choi RB, Maiz M, Johnson O, McCabe LD, McCabe GP, Ferruzzi MG, Lila MA, Peacock M, Burr DB, Nakatsu CH, Weaver CM, Bellido T. Skeletal Protection and Promotion of Microbiome Diversity by Dietary Boosting of the Endogenous Antioxidant Response. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:768-778. [PMID: 33316081 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for interventions with better compliance that prevent the adverse effects of sex steroid deficiency on the musculoskeletal system. We identified a blueberry cultivar (Montgomerym [Mont]) that added to the diet protects female mice from musculoskeletal loss and body weight changes induced by ovariectomy. Mont, but not other blueberries, increased the endogenous antioxidant response by bypassing the traditional antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 and without activating estrogen receptor canonical signaling. Remarkably, Mont did not protect the male skeleton from androgen-induced bone loss. Moreover, Mont increased the variety of bacterial communities in the gut microbiome (α-diversity) more in female than in male mice; shifted the phylogenetic relatedness of bacterial communities (β-diversity) further in females than males; and increased the prevalence of the taxon Ruminococcus1 in females but not males. Therefore, this nonpharmacologic intervention (i) protects from estrogen but not androgen deficiency; (ii) preserves bone, skeletal muscle, and body composition; (iii) elicits antioxidant defense responses independently of classical antioxidant/estrogenic signaling; and (iv) increases gut microbiome diversity toward a healthier signature. These findings highlight the impact of nutrition on musculoskeletal and gut microbiome homeostasis and support the precision medicine principle of tailoring dietary interventions to patient individualities, like sex. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Sato
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gretel G Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Meloney Cregor
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin McAndrews
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roy B Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maria Maiz
- Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Olivia Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Linda D McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mary A Lila
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David B Burr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cindy H Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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41
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Hecht JT, Coustry F, Veerisetty AC, Hossain MG, Posey KL. Resveratrol Reduces COMPopathy in Mice Through Activation of Autophagy. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10456. [PMID: 33778324 PMCID: PMC7990140 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) cause it to be retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of chondrocytes, stimulating a multitude of damaging cellular responses including ER stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which ultimately culminates in the death of growth plate chondrocytes and pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH). Previously, we demonstrated that an antioxidant, resveratrol, substantially reduces the intracellular accumulation of mutant-COMP, dampens cellular stress, and lowers the level of growth plate chondrocyte death. In addition, we showed that resveratrol reduces mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, suggesting a potential mechanism. In this work, we investigate the role of autophagy in treatment of COMPopathies. In cultured chondrocytes expressing wild-type COMP or mutant-COMP, resveratrol significantly increased the number of Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) vesicles, directly demonstrating that resveratrol-stimulated autophagy is an important component of the resveratrol-driven mechanism responsible for the degradation of mutant-COMP. Moreover, pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy suppressed degradation of mutant-COMP in our established mouse model of PSACH. In contrast, blockage of the proteasome did not substantially alter resveratrol clearance of mutant-COMP from growth plate chondrocytes. Mechanistically, resveratrol increased SIRT1 and PP2A expression and reduced MID1 expression and activation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT) and mTORC1 signaling in growth plate chondrocytes, allowing clearance of mutant-COMP by autophagy. Importantly, we show that optimal reduction in growth plate pathology, including decreased mutant-COMP retention, decreased mTORC1 signaling, and restoration of chondrocyte proliferation was attained when treatment was initiated between birth to 1 week of age in MT-COMP mice, translating to birth to approximately 2 years of age in children with PSACH. These results clearly demonstrate that resveratrol stimulates clearance of mutant-COMP by an autophagy-centric mechanism. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)HoustonTXUSA
- UTHealth School of DentistryHoustonTXUSA
| | - Francoise Coustry
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)HoustonTXUSA
| | - Alka C Veerisetty
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)HoustonTXUSA
| | | | - Karen L Posey
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)HoustonTXUSA
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42
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Pike JW, Lee SM, Benkusky NA, Meyer MB. Genomic Mechanisms Governing Mineral Homeostasis and the Regulation and Maintenance of Vitamin D Metabolism. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10433. [PMID: 33553989 PMCID: PMC7839818 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent genomic studies identified a complex kidney‐specific enhancer module located within the introns of adjacent Mettl1 (M1) and Mettl21b (M21) genes that mediate basal and PTH induction of Cyp27b1, as well as suppression by FGF23 and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. The tissue specificity for this regulatory module appears to be localized exclusively to renal proximal tubules. Gross deletion of these segments in mice has severe consequences on skeletal health, and directly affects Cyp27b1 expression in the kidney. Deletion of both the M1 and M21 submodules together almost completely eliminates basal Cyp27b1 expression in the kidney, creating a renal specific pseudo‐null mouse, resulting in a systemic and skeletal phenotype similar to that of the Cyp27b1‐KO mouse caused by high levels of both 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and PTH and depletion of 1,25(OH)2D3. Cyp24a1 levels in the double KO mouse also decrease because of compensatory downregulation of the gene by elevated PTH and reduced FGF23 that is mediated by an intergenic module located downstream of the Cyp24a1 gene. Outside of the kidney in nonrenal target cells (NRTCs), expression of Cyp27b1 in these mutant mice was unaffected. Dietary normalization of calcium, phosphate, PTH, and FGF23 rescues the aberrant phenotype of this mouse and normalizes the skeleton. In addition, both the high levels of 25(OH)D3 were reduced and the low levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 were fully eliminated in these mutant mice as a result of the rescue‐induced normalization of renal Cyp24a1. Thus, these hormone‐regulated enhancers for both Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 in the kidney are responsible for the circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the blood. The retention of Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 expression in NRTCs of these endocrine 1,25(OH)2D3‐deficient mice suggests that this Cyp27b1 pseudo‐null mouse will provide a model for the future exploration of the role of NRTC‐produced 1,25(OH)2D3 in the hormone's diverse noncalcemic actions in both health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Seong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Nancy A Benkusky
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Mark B Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA
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43
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McGowan LM, Kague E, Vorster A, Newham E, Cross S, Hammond CL. Wnt16 Elicits a Protective Effect Against Fractures and Supports Bone Repair in Zebrafish. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10461. [PMID: 33778326 PMCID: PMC7990157 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is a dynamic, multicellular process that is required throughout life to maintain bone integrity, prevent fracture, and respond to skeletal damage. WNT16 has been linked to bone fragility and osteoporosis in human genome wide‐association studies, as well as the functional hematopoiesis of leukocytes in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which WNT16 promotes bone health and repair are not fully understood. In this study, CRISPR‐Cas9 was used to generate mutant zebrafish lacking Wnt16 (wnt16−/−) to study its effect on bone dynamically. The wnt16 mutants displayed variable tissue mineral density (TMD) and were susceptible to spontaneous fractures and the accumulation of bone calluses at an early age. Fractures were induced in the lepidotrichia of the caudal fins of wnt16−/− and WT zebrafish; this model was used to probe the mechanisms by which Wnt16 regulates skeletal and immune cell dynamics in vivo. In WT fins, wnt16 expression increased significantly during the early stages for bone repair. Mineralization of bone during fracture repair was significantly delayed in wnt16 mutants compared with WT zebrafish. Surprisingly, there was no evidence that the recruitment of innate immune cells to fractures or soft callus formation was altered in wnt16 mutants. However, osteoblast recruitment was significantly delayed in wnt16 mutants postfracture, coinciding with precocious activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In situ hybridization suggests that canonical Wnt‐responsive cells within fractures are osteoblast progenitors, and that osteoblast differentiation during bone repair is coordinated by the dynamic expression of runx2a and wnt16. This study highlights zebrafish as an emerging model for functionally validating osteoporosis–associated genes and investigating fracture repair dynamically in vivo. Using this model, it was found that Wnt16 protects against fracture and supports bone repair, likely by modulating canonical Wnt activity via runx2a to facilitate osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix deposition. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Alistair Vorster
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Elis Newham
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Stephen Cross
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
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44
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Sheng R, Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhang S, Li Q, Zhang D, Qi X, Xiao Q, Jiang S, Yuan Q. METTL3-Mediated m 6 A mRNA Methylation Modulates Tooth Root Formation by Affecting NFIC Translation. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:412-423. [PMID: 32936965 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6 A), as a eukaryotic mRNA modification catalyzed by methyltransferase METTL3, is involved in various processes of development or diseases via regulating RNA metabolism. However, the effect of METTL3-mediated m6 A modification in tooth development has remained elusive. Here we show that METTL3 is prevalently expressed in odontoblasts, dental pulp cells, dental follicle cells, and epithelial cells in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath during tooth root formation. Depletion of METTL3 in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) impairs proliferation, migration, and odontogenic differentiation. Furthermore, conditional knockout of Mettl3 in Osterix-expressing cells leads to short molar roots and thinner root dentin featured by decreased secretion of pre-dentin matrix and formation of the odontoblast process. Mechanistically, loss of METTL3 cripples the translational efficiency of the key root-forming regulator nuclear factor I-C (NFIC). The odontogenic capacity of METTL3-silenced hDPCs is partially rescued via overexpressing NFIC. Our findings suggest that m6 A methyltransferase METTL3 is crucial for tooth root development, uncovering a novel epigenetic mechanism in tooth root formation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingying Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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45
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Abstract
Genetically modified mice have provided novel insights into the mechanisms of activation and inactivation of vitamin D, and in the process have provided phenocopies of acquired human disease such as rickets and osteomalacia and inherited diseases such as pseudovitamin D deficiency rickets, hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets, and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. Both global and tissue-specific deletion studies leading to decreases of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D], and/or of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), have demonstrated the primary role of calcitriol and VDR in bone, cartilage and tooth development and in the regulation of mineral metabolism and of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and FGF23, which modulate calcium and phosphate fluxes. They have also, however, extended the spectrum of actions of calcitriol and the VDR to include, among others: modulation, jointly and independently, of skin metabolism; joint regulation of adipose tissue metabolism; cardiovascular function; and immune function. Genetic studies in older mice have also shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the important role of the calcitriol/VDR pathway in diseases of aging such as osteoporosis and cancer. In the course of these studies in diverse tissues, important upstream and downstream, often tissue-selective, pathways have been illuminated, and intracrine, as well as endocrine actions have been described. Human studies to date have focused on acquired or genetic deficiencies of the prohormone vitamin D or the (generally inactive) precursor metabolite 25-hyrodxyvitamin D, but have yet to probe the pleiotropic aspects of deficiency of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, in human disease. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for AgingAffiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of MedicineMcGill University Health Centre and McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
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46
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Kegelman CD, Nijsure MP, Moharrer Y, Pearson HB, Dawahare JH, Jordan KM, Qin L, Boerckel JD. YAP and TAZ Promote Periosteal Osteoblast Precursor Expansion and Differentiation for Fracture Repair. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:143-157. [PMID: 32835424 PMCID: PMC7988482 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In response to bone fracture, periosteal progenitor cells proliferate, expand, and differentiate to form cartilage and bone in the fracture callus. These cellular functions require the coordinated activation of multiple transcriptional programs, and the transcriptional regulators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) regulate osteochondroprogenitor activation during endochondral bone development. However, recent observations raise important distinctions between the signaling mechanisms used to control bone morphogenesis and repair. Here, we tested the hypothesis that YAP and TAZ regulate osteochondroprogenitor activation during endochondral bone fracture healing in mice. Constitutive YAP and/or TAZ deletion from Osterix-expressing cells impaired both cartilage callus formation and subsequent mineralization. However, this could be explained either by direct defects in osteochondroprogenitor differentiation after fracture or by developmental deficiencies in the progenitor cell pool before fracture. Consistent with the second possibility, we found that developmental YAP/TAZ deletion produced long bones with impaired periosteal thickness and cellularity. Therefore, to remove the contributions of developmental history, we next generated adult onset-inducible knockout mice (using Osx-CretetOff ) in which YAP and TAZ were deleted before fracture but after normal development. Adult onset-induced YAP/TAZ deletion had no effect on cartilaginous callus formation but impaired bone formation at 14 days post-fracture (dpf). Earlier, at 4 dpf, adult onset-induced YAP/TAZ deletion impaired the proliferation and expansion of osteoblast precursor cells located in the shoulder of the callus. Further, activated periosteal cells isolated from this region at 4 dpf exhibited impaired osteogenic differentiation in vitro upon YAP/TAZ deletion. Finally, confirming the effects on osteoblast function in vivo, adult onset-induced YAP/TAZ deletion impaired bone formation in the callus shoulder at 7 dpf before the initiation of endochondral ossification. Together, these data show that YAP and TAZ promote the expansion and differentiation of periosteal osteoblast precursors to accelerate bone fracture healing. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kegelman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madhura P Nijsure
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yasaman Moharrer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hope B Pearson
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - James H Dawahare
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Kelsey M Jordan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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47
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Tan Z, Kong M, Wen S, Tsang KY, Niu B, Hartmann C, Chan D, Hui CC, Cheah KSE. IRX3 and IRX5 Inhibit Adipogenic Differentiation of Hypertrophic Chondrocytes and Promote Osteogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2444-2457. [PMID: 32662900 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the correct proportions of different cell types in the bone marrow is critical for bone function. Hypertrophic chondrocytes (HCs) and osteoblasts are a lineage continuum with a minor contribution to adipocytes, but the regulatory network is unclear. Mutations in transcription factors, IRX3 and IRX5, result in skeletal patterning defects in humans and mice. We found coexpression of Irx3 and Irx5 in late-stage HCs and osteoblasts in cortical and trabecular bone. Irx3 and Irx5 null mutants display severe bone deficiency in newborn and adult stages. Quantitative analyses of bone with different combinations of functional alleles of Irx3 and Irx5 suggest these two factors function in a dosage-dependent manner. In Irx3 and Irx5 nulls, the amount of bone marrow adipocytes was increased. In Irx5 nulls, lineage tracing revealed that removal of Irx3 specifically in HCs exacerbated reduction of HC-derived osteoblasts and increased the frequency of HC-derived marrow adipocytes. β-catenin loss of function and gain of function specifically in HCs affects the expression of Irx3 and Irx5, suggesting IRX3 and IRX5 function downstream of WNT signaling. Our study shows that IRX3 and IRX5 regulate fate decisions in the transition of HCs to osteoblasts and to marrow adipocytes, implicating their potential roles in human skeletal homeostasis and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Mingpeng Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Songjia Wen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Kwok Yeung Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Ben Niu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Christine Hartmann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn S E Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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48
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Fairfield H, Costa S, DeMambro V, Schott C, Martins JDS, Ferron M, Vary C, Reagan MR. Targeting Bone Cells During Sexual Maturation Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Regulation of Endochondral Ossification. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10413. [PMID: 33210065 PMCID: PMC7657395 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In endochondral ossification, chondroblasts become embedded in their matrix and become chondrocytes, which are mature cells that continue to proliferate, eventually becoming hypertrophic. Hypertrophic chondrocytes produce cartilage that is then resorbed by osteoclasts prior to bone matrix replacement via osteoblasts. Although sexually dimorphic bone phenotypes have long been characterized, specific modulation of the growth plate during a critical window in sexual maturation has not been evaluated. Here we report that specific depletion of osteocalcin‐ (OCN‐) expressing cells in vivo during sexual maturation leads to dimorphic bone phenotypes in males and females. At 6 to 8 weeks of age, OCN‐Cre;iDTR (inducible diphtheria toxin receptor‐expressing) mice were treated with diphtheria toxin (DT) for 2 weeks to deplete OCN+ cells. At the end of the study, long bones were collected for μCT and histomorphometry, and serum was collected for proteomic and lipidomic analyses. Ablation of OCN+ cells in mice leads to consistent trends for weight loss after 2 weeks of treatment. Females exhibited decreased skeletal parameters in response to OCN+ cell ablation treatment, as expected. However, OCN+ cell ablation in males uniquely displayed an expansion of hypertrophic chondrocytes, a widening of the growth plate, and an abnormal “clubbing” anatomy of the distal femur. Following DT treatment, mice from both sexes also underwent metabolic cage analysis, in which both sexes exhibited decreased energy expenditure. We conclude that skewing endochondral bone formation during longitudinal growth has a profound effect on body weight and energy expenditure with sex‐specific effects on developing bone. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Victoria DeMambro
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA
| | - Celine Schott
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada.,Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology Programs of the Faculty of Medicine Université de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada.,Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology Programs of the Faculty of Medicine Université de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Calvin Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine Tufts University Boston MA USA
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49
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Fujii Y, Kozak E, Dutra E, Varadi A, Reichenberger EJ, Chen IP. Restriction of Dietary Phosphate Ameliorates Skeletal Abnormalities in a Mouse Model for Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2070-2081. [PMID: 33463757 PMCID: PMC9164311 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD), a rare genetic bone disorder, is characterized by lifelong progressive thickening of craniofacial bones and metaphyseal flaring of long bones. The autosomal dominant form of CMD is caused by mutations in the progressive ankylosis gene ANKH (mouse ortholog Ank), encoding a pyrophosphate (PPi) transporter. We previously reported reduced formation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in a knockin (KI) mouse model for CMD (AnkKI/KI) and in CMD patients. We also showed rapid protein degradation of mutant ANK/ANKH. Mutant ANK protein displays reduced PPi transport, which may alter the inorganic phosphate (Pi) and PPi ratio, an important regulatory mechanism for bone mineralization. Here we investigate whether reducing dietary Pi intake can ameliorate the CMD-like skeletal phenotype by comparing male and female Ank+/+ and AnkKI/KI mice exposed to a low (0.3%) and normal (0.7%) Pi diet for 13 weeks from birth. Serum Pi and calcium (Ca) levels were not significantly changed by diet, whereas PTH and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) were decreased by low Pi diet but only in male Ank+/+ mice. Importantly, the 0.3% Pi diet significantly ameliorated mandibular hyperostosis in both sexes of AnkKI/KI mice. A tendency of decreased femoral trabeculation was observed in male and female Ank+/+ mice as well as in male AnkKI/KI mice fed with the 0.3% Pi diet. In contrast, in female AnkKI/KI mice the 0.3% Pi diet resulted in increased metaphyseal trabeculation. This was also the only group that showed increased bone formation rate. Low Pi diet led to increased osteoclast numbers and increased bone resorption in all mice. We conclude that lowering but not depleting dietary Pi delays the development of craniofacial hyperostosis in CMD mice without severely compromising serum levels of Pi, Ca, PTH, and 25-OHD. These findings may have implications for better clinical care of patients with CMD. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Fujii
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Eszter Kozak
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eliane Dutra
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Andras Varadi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernst J Reichenberger
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - I-Ping Chen
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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50
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Zhao SJ, Liu H, Chen J, Qian DF, Kong FQ, Jie J, Yin GY, Li QQ, Fan J. Macrophage GIT1 Contributes to Bone Regeneration by Regulating Inflammatory Responses in an ERK/NRF2-Dependent Way. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2015-2031. [PMID: 32460388 PMCID: PMC7689802 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the best treatment, approximately 10% of fractures still face undesirable repair. Recently, many studies have focused on the importance of macrophages in bone repair; however, the cellular mechanisms by which they work are not yet fully understood. In this study, we explored the functions of macrophage G-protein-coupled receptor interacting protein 1 (GIT1) in healing a tibial monocortical defect model. Using GIT1flox/flox Lyz2-Cre (GIT1 CKO) mice, we observed that a GIT1 deficiency in the macrophages led to an exacerbation of interleukin 1β (IL1β) production, more M1-like macrophage infiltration, and impaired intramembranous ossification in vivo. The results of in vitro assays further indicated that the macrophage GIT1 plays a critical role in several cellular processes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), such as anti-oxidation, IL1β production alleviation, and glycolysis control. Although GIT1 has been recognized as a scaffold protein, our data clarified that GIT1-mediated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation could activate nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) in macrophages after LPS treatment. Moreover, we demonstrated that macrophage GIT1-activated ERK/NRF2 negatively regulates the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), facilitating the decrease of glycolysis. Our findings uncovered a previously unrecognized role of GIT1 in regulating ERK/NRF2 in macrophages to control the inflammatory response, suggesting that macrophage GIT1 could be a potential target to improve bone regeneration. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research..
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-Fei Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan-Qi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Jie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu Province Hospital (Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Yong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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