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Veenman F, van Dijk A, Arredondo A, Medina-Gomez C, Wolvius E, Rivadeneira F, Àlvarez G, Blanc V, Kragt L. Oral microbiota of adolescents with dental caries: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105933. [PMID: 38447351 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents. DESIGN An electronic search was carried out across five databases. Studies were included if they conducted research on generally healthy adolescents, applied molecular-based microbiological analyses and assessed caries status. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied for quality assessment. RESULTS In total, 3935 records were reviewed which resulted in a selection of 20 cross-sectional studies (published 2005-2022) with a sample size ranging from 11 to 614 participants including adolescents between 11 and 19 years. The studies analyzed saliva, dental biofilm or tongue swabs with Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, (q)PCR or Next-Generation Sequencing methods. Prevotella denticola, Scardoviae Wiggsiae, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans were the most frequently reported species presenting higher abundance in adolescents with caries. The majority of the studies reported that the microbial diversity was similar between participants with and without dental caries. CONCLUSION This systematic review is the first that shows how the oral microbiota composition in adolescents appears to differ between those with and without dental caries, suggesting certain taxa may be associated with increased caries risk. However, there is a need to replicate and expand these findings in larger, longitudinal studies that also focus on caries severity and take adolescent-specific factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francien Veenman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Anne van Dijk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eppo Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lea Kragt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Huang Y, Han Q, Zhou J, Meng X, Huo L, Lei Y. The effect of bovine trypsin on dental biofilm dispersion: an in vitro study. Odontology 2024; 112:501-511. [PMID: 37955766 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the degradation effect of bovine trypsin on multispecies biofilm of caries-related bacteria and provide an experimental foundation for the prevention of dental caries. Standard strains of S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. gordonii, and L. acidophilus were co-cultured to form 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h biofilms. The experimental groups were treated with bovine trypsin for 30 s, 1 min, and 3 min. Morphological observation and quantitative analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), live bacteria, and dead bacteria were conducted using the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The morphological changes of EPS and bacteria were also observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). When biofilm was treated for 1 min, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bovine trypsin to reduce EPS was 0.5 mg/mL in 24 h and 48 h biofilms, and the MIC of bovine trypsin was 2.5 mg/mL in 72 h biofilms (P < 0.05). When biofilm was treated for 3 min, the MIC of bovine trypsin to reduce EPS was 0.25 mg/mL in 24 h and 48 h biofilms, the MIC of bovine trypsin was 1 mg/mL in 72 h biofilm (P < 0.05). The ratio of live-to-dead bacteria in the treatment group was significantly lower than blank group in 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h multispecies biofilms (P < 0.05). Bovine trypsin can destroy multispecies biofilm structure, disperse biofilm and bacteria flora, and reduce the EPS and bacterial biomass in vitro, which are positively correlated with the application time and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxue Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Qunchao Han
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Xinhui Meng
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China.
| | - Yayan Lei
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
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Li J, Ma Q, Huang J, Liu Y, Zhou J, Yu S, Zhang Q, Lin Y, Wang L, Zou J, Li Y. Small RNA SmsR1 modulates acidogenicity and cariogenic virulence by affecting protein acetylation in Streptococcus mutans. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012147. [PMID: 38620039 PMCID: PMC11045139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation by small RNAs and post-translational modifications (PTM) such as lysine acetylation play fundamental roles in physiological circuits, offering rapid responses to environmental signals with low energy consumption. Yet, the interplay between these regulatory systems remains underexplored. Here, we unveil the cross-talk between sRNAs and lysine acetylation in Streptococcus mutans, a primary cariogenic pathogen known for its potent acidogenic virulence. Through systematic overexpression of sRNAs in S. mutans, we identified sRNA SmsR1 as a critical player in modulating acidogenicity, a key cariogenic virulence feature in S. mutans. Furthermore, combined with the analysis of predicted target mRNA and transcriptome results, potential target genes were identified and experimentally verified. A direct interaction between SmsR1 and 5'-UTR region of pdhC gene was determined by in vitro binding assays. Importantly, we found that overexpression of SmsR1 reduced the expression of pdhC mRNA and increased the intracellular concentration of acetyl-CoA, resulting in global changes in protein acetylation levels. This was verified by acetyl-proteomics in S. mutans, along with an increase in acetylation level and decreased activity of LDH. Our study unravels a novel regulatory paradigm where sRNA bridges post-transcriptional regulation with post-translational modification, underscoring bacterial adeptness in fine-tuning responses to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qizhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongwang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tang Y, Nie H, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Huang Y, Zhuang Y, Yang W, Zhu Y. Effects of Sjogren's syndrome and high sugar diet on oral microbiome in patients with rampant caries: a clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:361. [PMID: 38515087 PMCID: PMC10956276 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the composition of the oral microbial flora of adults with rampant caries in China to provide guidance for treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty human salivary and supragingival plaque samples were collected. They were characterized into four groups: patients with rampant caries with Sjogren's syndrome (RC-SS) or high-sugar diet (RC-HD), common dental caries (DC), and healthy individuals (HP). The 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the bacterial DNA was detected by Illumina sequencing. PCoA based on OTU with Bray-Curtis algorithm, the abundance of each level, LEfSe analysis, network analysis, and PICRUSt analysis were carried out between the four groups and two sample types. Clinical and demographic data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, depending on the normality of the data, using GraphPad Prism 8 (P < 0.05). RESULTS OTU principal component analysis revealed a significant difference between healthy individuals and those with RC-SS. In the saliva of patients with rampant caries, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased significantly at the phylum level. Further, Streptocpccus, Veillonella, Prevotella, and Dialister increased, while Neisseria and Haemophilus decreased at the genus level. Veillonella increased in the plaque samples of patients with rampant caries. CONCLUSION Both salivary and dental plaque composition were significantly different between healthy individuals and patients with rampant caries. This study provides a microbiological basis for exploring the etiology of rampant caries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides basic information on the flora of the oral cavity in adults with rampant caries in China. These findings could serve as a reference for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Tang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Nie
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yequan Huang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Aksakal SD, Guven Y, Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G, Aktoren O. Assessment of oral bacteria potentially associated with the mobile microbiome in children with congenital heart disease. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 48:47-56. [PMID: 38548632 DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate the specific oral pathogens potentially associated with the mobile microbiome in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Caries, oral hygiene and gingival indices were evaluated in 20 children with CHD and a healthy control group, and venous blood samples and saliva were collected. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), blood samples were analyzed for the presence of bacterial DNA to determine the mobile microbiome, and saliva samples were analyzed to identify and quantify target microorganisms, including Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and its serotype k (Smk), Fusobacterium. nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Scardovia wiggsiae (Sw) and Aggregitibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and its JP2 clone (JP2). The findings were analyzed by Mann Whitney U, chi-square, Fisher's exact and Spearman's Correlation tests. Bacterial DNA was identified in two blood samples. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the presence and counts of bacteria in saliva. However, the CHD group exhibited significantly lower caries and higher gingival index scores than the control group. The presence of Pg and Aa were significantly associated with higher gingival index scores. Sm and Smk counts were significantly correlated with caries experience. A positive correlation was found between Fn and total bacteria counts. In conclusion, the mobile microbiome, which has been proposed as a potential marker of dysbiosis at distant sites, was very rare in our pediatric population. The counts of target microorganisms which are potentially associated with the mobile microbiome did not differ in children with CHD and healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermin Dicle Aksakal
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Guven
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nursen Topcuoglu
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Kulekci
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Aktoren
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
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Mondal K, Rockne KJ, Drummond JL, O'Brien EP, Chen CC, Hanley L. Dental composite biodeterioration in the presence of oral Streptococci and extracellular metabolic products. J Dent 2024; 142:104861. [PMID: 38278316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secondary caries is a primary cause of early restoration failure. While primary dental caries has been extensively researched, our knowledge about the impact of secondary caries on dental restorations is relatively limited. In this study, we examined how different clinically relevant microbially-influenced environments impact the degradation of nano-filled (FIL) and micro-hybrid (AEL) dental composites. METHODS Material strength of two commercial dental composites was measured following incubation in aqueous media containing: i) cariogenic (Streptococcus mutans) and non-cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis) grown on sucrose or glucose, ii) abiotic mixtures of artificial saliva and sucrose and glucose fermentation products (volatile fatty acids and ethanol) in proportions known to be produced by these microorganisms, and iii) abiotic mixtures of artificial saliva and esterase, a common oral extracellular enzyme. RESULTS Nano-filled FIL composite strength decreased in all three types of incubations, while micro-hybrid AEL composite strength only decreased significantly in biotic incubations. The strength of both composites was statistically significantly decreased in all biotic incubations containing both cariogenic and non-cariogenic bacteria beyond that induced by either abiotic mixtures of fermentation products or esterase alone. Finally, there were no statistically significant differences in composite strength decrease among the tested biotic conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results show that conditions created during the growth of both cariogenic and non-cariogenic oral Streptococci substantially reduce commercial composite strength, and this effect warrants further study to identify the mechanism(s). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental biofilms of oral Streptococci bacteria significantly affect the mechanical strength of dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karabi Mondal
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karl J Rockne
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - James L Drummond
- Professor Emeritus of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evan P O'Brien
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chien-Chia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luke Hanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Atteya SM, Amer HA, Saleh SM, Safwat Y. The effect of nano silver fluoride, self-assembling peptide and sodium fluoride varnish on salivary cariogenic bacteria: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:167. [PMID: 38388987 PMCID: PMC10884112 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the antibacterial effect of Nanosilver Fluoride varnish (NSF) varnish, P11-4 and Sodium Fluoride (NaF) varnish against salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacilli. METHODS 66 patients aged 10-24 years old were randomly assigned to receive single application of NSF, P11-4 or NaF varnish. Baseline unstimulated saliva samples were collected before the agents were applied and S.mutans and Lactobacilli colony forming units (CFU) were counted. After one, three and six months, microbiological samples were re-assessed. Groups were compared at each time point and changes across time were assessed. Multivariable linear regression compared the effect of P11-4 and NSF to NaF on salivary S. mutans and Lactobacilli log count at various follow up periods. RESULTS There was a significant difference in salivary S. mutans log count after 1 month between P11-4 (B= -1.29, p = 0.049) and NaF but not at other time points nor between NSF and NaF at any time point. The significant reduction in bacterial counts lasted up to one month in all groups, to three months after using P11-4 and NaF and returned to baseline values after six months. CONCLUSION In general, the antimicrobial effect of P11-4 and NSF on salivary S. mutans and Lactobacilli was not significantly different from NaF varnish. P11-4 induced greater reduction more quickly than the two other agents and NSF antibacterial effect was lost after one month. CLINICAL RELEVANCE NSF varnish and P11-4 have antimicrobial activity that does not significantly differ from NaF by 3 months. P11-4 has the greatest antibacterial effect after one month with sustained effect till 3 months. The antibacterial effect of NSF lasts for one month. NaF remains effective till 3 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered on the clinicaltrials.gov registry with ID: NCT04929509 on 18/6/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Atteya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St, Egypt, Azarita, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt.
| | - Hala A Amer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St, Egypt, Azarita, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt
| | - Susan M Saleh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St, Egypt, Azarita, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt
| | - Yara Safwat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Lopes PC, Gomes ATPC, Mendes K, Blanco L, Correia MJ. Unlocking the potential of probiotic administration in caries management: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:216. [PMID: 38341538 PMCID: PMC10859023 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of prebiotics and/or probiotic bacteria with the potential to modulate the oral ecosystem may play an important role in the prevention and management of dental caries. To assess the evidence of the potential of pre/probiotics both in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, we focused on the PICO question "In individuals with caries, after probiotic administration, is there an improvement in outcomes directly related to caries risk and development?". METHODS An extensive systematic search was conducted in electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane, to identify articles with relevant data. This systematic review included trials performed in Humans; published in English; including the observation of patients with caries, with clear indication of the probiotic used and measuring the outcomes directly involved with the cariogenic process, including the quantification of bacteria with cariogenic potential. To evaluate the methodological quality of the studies, the critical assessment tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute was used. RESULTS Eight hundred and fifty articles, potentially relevant, were identified. Following PRISMA guidelines 14 articles were included in this systematic review. Outcomes such as reduction of cariogenic microorganism counts, salivary pH, buffer capacity, and caries activity were assessed. The probiotic most often referred with beneficial results in dental caries outcomes is Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. Regarding the most used administration vehicle, in studies with positive effects on the caries management, probiotic supplemented milk could be considered the best administration vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of probiotic supplemented milk (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus) as an adjuvant for caries prevention and management. However, comparable evidence is scarce and better designed and comparable studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro C Lopes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, 3504-505, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, 3504-505, Portugal
| | - Karina Mendes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, 3504-505, Portugal
| | - Letícia Blanco
- Department of Surgery, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Correia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, 3504-505, Portugal.
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Abstract
The interactions between communities of microorganisms inhabiting the dental biofilm is a major determinant of oral health. These biofilms are periodically exposed to high concentrations of fluoride, which is present in almost all oral healthcare products. The microbes resist fluoride through the action of membrane export proteins. This chapter describes the culture, growth and harvest conditions of model three-species dental biofilm comprised of cariogenic pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans and the commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii. In order to examine the role of fluoride export by S. mutans in model biofilms, procedures for generating a strain of S. mutans with a genetic knockout of the fluoride exporter are described. We present a case study examining the effects of this mutant strain on the biofilm mass, acid production and mineral dissolution under exposure to low levels of fluoride. These general approaches can be applied to study the effects of any gene of interest in physiologically realistic multispecies oral biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Randy B Stockbridge
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Livia M A Tenuta
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Bender O, Khoury J, Hirsch G, Weinberg E, Sagy N, Buller S, Lapides-Levy S, Blumer S, Bar DZ. Immunorecognition of Streptococcus mutans secreted proteins protects against caries by limiting tooth adhesion. J Dent 2024; 141:104805. [PMID: 38101504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood caries, a prevalent chronic disease, affects 60-90 % of children in industrialized regions, leading to lesions in both primary and permanent teeth. This condition precipitates hospital admissions, emergency room visits, elevated treatment costs, and missed school days, thereby impeding the child's academic engagement and increasing the likelihood of caries into adulthood. Despite multiple identified risk factors, significant interpersonal variability remains unexplained. The immune system generates a unique antibody repertoire, essential for maintaining a balanced and healthy oral microbiome. Streptococcus mutans is a primary contributor to the development of caries. METHODS Employing mass spectrometry, we investigated the S. mutans proteins targeted by antibodies in children both with and without caries, delineating a fundamental suite of proteins discernible by the immune systems of a majority of individuals. Notably, this suite was enriched with proteins pivotal for bacterial adhesion. To ascertain the physiological implications of these discoveries, we evaluated the efficacy of saliva in thwarting S. mutans adherence to dental surfaces. RESULTS Antibodies in most children recognized a core set of ten S. mutans proteins, with additional proteins identified in some individuals. There was no significant difference in the proteins identified by children with or without caries, but there was variation in antibody binding intensity to some proteins. Functionally, saliva from caries-free individuals, but not children with caries, was found to hinder the binding of S. mutans to teeth. These findings delineate the S. mutans proteome targeted by the immune system and suggest that the inhibition of bacterial adherence to teeth is a primary mechanism employed by the immune system to maintain oral balance and prevent caries formation. CONCLUSIONS These findings enhance our knowledge of the immune system's function in oral health maintenance and caries prevention, shedding light on how immunoglobulins interact with S. mutans proteins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Targeting S. mutans proteins implicated in bacterial adhesion could be a promising strategy for preventing childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Bender
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Jessica Khoury
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Gal Hirsch
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Evgeny Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel; Department of Periodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Naor Sagy
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Shani Buller
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Shiri Lapides-Levy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Sigalit Blumer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Z Bar
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel.
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11
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Wang S, Fang L, Zhou H, Wang M, Zheng H, Wang Y, Weir MD, Masri R, Oates TW, Cheng L, Xu HHK, Liu F. Silica nanoparticles containing nano-silver and chlorhexidine respond to pH to suppress biofilm acids and modulate biofilms toward a non-cariogenic composition. Dent Mater 2024; 40:179-189. [PMID: 37951751 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental caries is caused by acids from biofilms. pH-sensitive nanoparticle carriers could achieve improved targeted effectiveness. The objectives of this study were to develop novel mesoporous silica nanoparticles carrying nanosilver and chlorhexidine (nMS-nAg-Chx), and investigate the inhibition of biofilms as well as the modulation of biofilm to suppress acidogenic and promote benign species for the first time. METHODS nMS-nAg was synthesized via a modified sol-gel method. Carboxylate group functionalized nMS-nAg (COOH-nMS-nAg) was prepared and Chx was added via electrostatic interaction. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), inhibition zone, and growth curves were evaluated. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii), and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) formed multispecies biofilms. Metabolic activity, biofilm lactic acid, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were tested. Biofilm structures and biomass were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and live/dead bacteria staining. RESULTS nMS-nAg-Chx possessed pH-responsive properties, where Chx release increased at lower pH. nMS-nAg-Chx showed good biocompatibility. nMS-nAg-Chx exhibited a strong antibacterial function, reducing biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid as compared to control (p < 0.05, n = 6). Moreso, biofilm biomass was dramatically suppressed in nMS-nAg-Chx groups. In control group, there was an increasing trend of S. mutans proportion in the multispecies biofilm, with S. mutans reaching 89.1% at 72 h. In sharp contrast, in nMS-nAg-Chx group of 25 μg/mL, the ratio of S. mutans dropped to 43.7% and the proportion of S. gordonii and S. sanguinis increased from 19.8% and 10.9 to 69.8% and 56.3%, correspondingly. CONCLUSION pH-sensitive nMS-nAg-Chx had potent antibacterial effects and modulated biofilm toward a non-cariogenic tendency, decreasing the cariogenic species nearly halved and increasing the benign species approximately twofold. nMS-nAg-Chx is promising for applications in mouth rinse and endodontic irrigants, and as fillers in resins to prevent caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Lixin Fang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huoxiang Zhou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Man Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Fei Liu
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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12
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Akamp T, Rosendahl A, Galler KM, Wölflick M, Buchalla W, Widbiller M. An in vitro coculture approach to study the interplay between dental pulp cells and Streptococcus mutans. Int Endod J 2024; 57:164-177. [PMID: 37947494 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop a new coculture system that allows exposure of dental pulp cells (DPCs) to Streptococcus mutans and dentine matrix proteins (eDMP) to study cellular interactions in dentine caries. METHODOLOGY Dental pulp cells and S. mutans were cocultured with or without eDMP for 72 h. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by cell counting and MTT assays, while bacterial growth and viability were determined by CFU and LIVE/DEAD staining. Glucose catabolism and lactate excretion were measured photometrically as metabolic indicators. To evaluate the inflammatory response, the release of cytokines and growth factors (IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, VEGF) was determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistical analyses were performed to compare all groups and time points (Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test; α = .05). RESULTS While eDMP and especially S. mutans reduced the number and viability of DPCs (p ≤ .0462), neither DPCs nor eDMP affected the growth and viability of S. mutans during coculture (p > .0546). The growth of S. mutans followed a common curve, but the death phase was not reached within 72 h. S. mutans consumed medium glucose in only 30 h, whereas in the absence of S. mutans, cells were able to catabolize glucose throughout 72 h, resulting in the corresponding amount of l-lactate. No change in medium pH was observed. S. mutans induced IL-6 production in DPCs (p ≤ .0011), whereas eDMP had no discernible effect (p > .7509). No significant changes in IL-8 were observed (p > .198). TGF-β1, available from eDMP supplementation, was reduced by DPCs over time. VEGF, on the other hand, was increased in all groups during coculture. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the coculture of DPCs and S. mutans is possible without functional impairment. The bacterially induced stimulation of proinflammatory and regenerative cytokines provides a basis for future investigations and the elucidation of molecular biological relationships in pulp defence against caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Akamp
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosendahl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin M Galler
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Wölflick
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Wang Y, Yang F, Wang Y, Deng S, Zhu R. Alterations and correlations in dental plaque microbial communities and metabolome characteristics in patients with caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38273329 PMCID: PMC10811826 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The pathogenic microorganisms and clinical manifestations of caries and periodontitis are different, caries and periodontitis are usually discussed separately, and the relationship between them is ignored. Clinically, patients prone to dental caries generally have a healthier periodontal status, whereas patients with periodontitis generally have a lower incidence of dental caries. The relationship between dental caries and periodontitis remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explain the clinical phenomenon of antagonism between dental caries and periodontitis by exploring the ecological chain and bacterial interactions in dental caries, periodontitis, and other comorbid diseases. METHODS The dental plaque microbiomes of 30 patients with oral diseases (10 each with caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases) were sequenced and analysed using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used for a differential functional analysis of dental plaque microbial communities in caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases. RESULTS The coinfection group had the greatest bacterial richness in dental plaque. The principal coordinate analysis showed that caries and periodontitis were separate from each other, and comorbid diseases were located at the overlap of caries and periodontitis, with most of them being periodontitis. Simultaneously, we compared the microbiomes with significant differences among the three groups and the correlations between the microbiome samples. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant differences in functional changes among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the composition of the dental plaque microbial communities in caries, periodontitis, and comorbidities and the differences among the three. Additionally, we identified a possible antagonism between periodontitis and caries. We identified a new treatment strategy for the prediction and diagnosis of caries and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated XiaoShan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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14
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Zhang JX, Li BL, Zhou XD, Cheng L. [Effect of a novel pH-responsive tertiary amine monomer dodecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate modified resin adhesive on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei in vitro]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 59:45-53. [PMID: 38172061 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20231018-00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the application prospect of a new pH-responsive tertiary amine monomer dodecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEM) modified resin adhesive (DMAEM@RA) in the prevention and treatment of secondary caries. Methods: Five percents DMAEM was added to the resin adhesive to synthesize DMAEM@RA for modifying. Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Lactobacillus casei (Lc) biofilms were cultured on resin adhesive and DMAEM@RA, respectively. The culture systems were set up at pH=7.4, 6.0, 5.5, and 5.0. The antimicrobial activity of DMAEM@RA was evaluated by quantitative PCR. The effects of DMAEM@RA on biofilm thickness, bacterial amount, and extracellular polysaccharides were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and extracellular polysaccharide staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to study the effect of DMAEM@RA on the expression levels of cariogenic genes in Sm. Results: DMAEM@RA could significantly reduce the amount of Sm and Lc under acidic conditions, especially Lc. At pH=5.0, the logarithm value of co-cultured Sm bacteria [lg (CFU/ml)] in DMAEM@RA group (7.58±0.01) was significantly lower than that in control group (7.87±0.03) (t=14.32, P<0.001), and the logarithm value of Lc bacteria [lg (CFU/ml)] (7.29±0.04) was also significantly lower than that in control group (7.93±0.15) (t=6.93, P=0.002). SEM observed that the bacteria decreased and the cell fragments appeared in DMAEM@RA group. In addition, DMAEM@RA significantly reduced the biomass of extracellular polysaccharides in the dual-species biofilm under acidic conditions. At pH=5.0, the biomass of extracellular polysaccharides in DMAEM@RA group [(25.13±3.14) mm3/mm2] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(42.66±7.46) mm3/mm2] (t=3.75, P=0.020). DMAEM@RA could significantly up-regulate the expressions of gtfB and gtfC genes in Sm under acidic conditions. At pH=5.0, gtfB and gtfC genes were significantly up-regulated by (14.64± 0.44) times and (2.99±0.20) times, respectively (t=-42.74, P<0.001; t=-13.55, P<0.001). Conclusions: The DMAEM@RA has a good antibacterial effect under acidic conditions, demonstrating that it has a good potential to prevent the occurrence and development of secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - B L Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X D Zhou
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
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15
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Chen H, Xu MM, Sun YT, Yu S, Yang DQ. [Inhibitory effect of Streptococcus mutans antisense vicK RNA regulating the cariogenicity of oral streptococci multi-species biofilm]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 59:64-70. [PMID: 38172063 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20231031-00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the regulative effects of Streptococcus mutans (Sm) antisense vicK RNA (ASvicK) on the multi-species biofilm formed by three common oral streptococci (Sm, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii) (Sm+Ss+Sg). Methods: ASvicK over-expression strain was constructed by using a recombinant plasmid, and three-species biofilm UA159+Ss+Sg and ASvicK+Ss+Sg were cultured. The phenotypes of biofilms were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystal violet (CV) assay was used to detect biofilm biomass. Lactate kit and anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric assay were used to determine the abilities of lactic acid and exopolysaccharides production, respectively. The proportions of three-species and expression levels of the cariogenic-related genes in biofilms were detected by TaqMan fluorescence quantitative PCR and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. A biofilm demineralization model of human enamel slabs was further constructed, and the hardness of enamel surface was detected. Results: Compared to UA159+Ss+Sg, over-expression of ASvicK could inhibit biofilm formation and lactic acid production in ASvicK+Ss+Sg biofilm significantly decreased by 78.93% (P<0.001) and 62.23% (P<0.001), respectively. With ASvicK over-expression, the amounts of water-insoluble and-soluble glucoses in ASvicK+Ss+Sg biofilm were reduced respectively by 39.13% (P<0.001) and 68.00% (P<0.001). Compared to the UA159+Ss+Sg Group, the proportion of Sm, the cariogenic bacteria, showed 33.00% reduction (P<0.01) in Sm+Ss+Sg biofilm, and the gene expressions of cariogenic-relative genes vicK/X, gtfB/C/D, and ftf significantly decreased (P<0.05). The micro-hardness value of enamel slabs after demineralization by ASvicK+Ss+Sg biofilm was significantly increased to 183.84% (P<0.001). Conclusions: ASvicK over-expression could reduce the Sm proportion and weaken the cariogenicity of oral Streptococcus biofilm, thereby possibly slowing down the progression of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences & Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - M M Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences & Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Y T Sun
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences & Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - S Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences & Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - D Q Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences & Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
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Bhaumik D, Salzman E, Davis E, Blostein F, Li G, Neiswanger K, Weyant R, Crout R, McNeil D, Marazita M, Foxman B. Plaque Microbiome in Caries-Active and Caries-Free Teeth by Dentition. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:61-71. [PMID: 36154330 PMCID: PMC10725180 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe associations between dental caries and dental plaque microbiome, by dentition and family membership. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 584 participants in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Cohort 1 (COHRA1). We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V4 region) of frozen supragingival plaque, collected 10 y prior, from 185 caries-active (enamel and dentinal) and 565 caries-free (no lesions) teeth using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were filtered using the R DADA2 package and assigned taxonomy using the Human Oral Microbiome Database. RESULTS Microbiomes of caries-active and caries-free teeth were most similar in primary dentition and least similar in permanent dentition, but caries-active teeth were significantly less diverse than caries-free teeth in all dentition types. Streptococcus mutans had greater relative abundance in caries-active than caries-free teeth in all dentition types (P < 0.01), as did Veillonella dispar in primary and mixed dentition (P < 0.01). Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 had significantly higher relative abundance in caries-free than caries-active teeth in all dentition types (P < 0.01). In a linear mixed model adjusted for confounders, the relative abundance of S. mutans was significantly greater in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth (P < 0.001), and the relative abundance of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was significantly lower in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth (P < 0.001). Adding an effect for family improved model fit for Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 but notS. mutans. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of supragingival plaque composition from caries-active and caries-free teeth changed with dentition, but S. mutans was positively and Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was negatively associated with caries regardless of dentition. There was a strong effect of family on the associations of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 with the caries-free state, but this was not true for S. mutans and the caries-active state. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Patients' and dentists' concerns about transmission of bacteria within families causing caries should be tempered by the evidence that some shared bacteria may contribute to good oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhaumik
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E. Salzman
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E. Davis
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F. Blostein
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G. Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. Neiswanger
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R.J. Weyant
- Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R. Crout
- Department of Periodontics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - D.W. McNeil
- Departments of Psychology and Dental Practice & Rural Health, and Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M.L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health; Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B. Foxman
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Usuga-Vacca M, Marquez-Ortiz RA, Castellanos JE, Martignon S. Association of Root Biofilm Bacteriome with Root Caries Lesion Severity and Activity. Caries Res 2023; 58:39-48. [PMID: 38128496 DOI: 10.1159/000535923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This research aimed to assess the association of root biofilm bacteriome with root caries lesion severity and activity in institutionalised Colombian elderlies and was conducted to gather data on the root caries bacteriome in this population. METHODS A bacteriome evaluation of biofilm samples from sound and carious root surfaces was performed. Root caries was categorised (ICDAS Root criteria) based on severity (sound surfaces, initial: non-cavitated, moderate/extensive combined: cavitated) and activity status (active and inactive). DNA was extracted and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced; afterwards the classification of features was conducted employing amplicon sequence variants and taxonomic assignment via the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). Bacterial richness, diversity (Simpson's and Shannon's indices), and relative abundance estimation were assessed and compared based on root caries severity and activity status (including Sound surfaces). RESULTS A total of 130 biofilm samples were examined: sound (n = 45) and with root caries lesions (n = 85; by severity: initial: n = 41; moderate/extensive: n = 44; by activity: active: n = 60; inactive: n = 25). Species richness was significantly lower in biofilms from moderate/extensive and active groups compared to sound sites. There was a higher relative abundance of species like Lechtotricia wadei, Capnocytophaga granulosa, Cardiobacterium valvarum, Porphyromonas pasteri - in sound sites; Dialister invisus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus and Bacteroidetes (G-5) bacterium 511 - in moderate/extensive lesions, and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis, Prevotella denticola, Lactobacillus fermentum, Saccharibacteria (TM7) (G-5)bacterium HMT 356 - in active lesions. CONCLUSION Root caries bacteriome exhibited differences in species proportions between the compared groups. Specifically, cavitated caries lesions and active caries lesions showed higher relative abundance of acidogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Usuga-Vacca
- UNICA, Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Jaime E Castellanos
- Grupo de Virología, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Stefania Martignon
- UNICA, Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
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Santos HSDB, Damé-Teixeira N, Nagano MH, Do T, Parolo CCF, Maltz M, Arthur RA. Acid tolerance of Lactobacillus spp. on root carious lesions: A complex and multifaceted response. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 156:105820. [PMID: 37866118 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus spp. are acidogenic and aciduric bacteria and are among the main cariogenic microorganisms associated with the carious process. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify genes involved in the acid-tolerance of Lactobacillus spp. and potential functions attributed to these genes within the metatranscriptome of sound root surfaces and carious root surfaces. DESIGN Genomic libraries were built from mRNA isolated from the biofilm samples (10 from sound root and 9 from carious root using Illumina HiSeq 2500). Reads generated by RNA-seq were mapped against 162 oral microbial genomes and genes potentially related to acid tolerance were manually extracted from the Lactobacillus spp. genomes using L. paracasei ATCC 344 as reference genome. The R package DESeq2 was used to calculate the level of differential gene expression between those two clinical conditions. RESULTS Fifteen Lactobacillus spp. genomes were identified and a total of 653 acid tolerance genes were overexpressed in carious root surfaces. Multiple functions, as translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, transport of nucleotides and amino acids, are involved in Lactobacillus spp. acid tolerance. Species-specific functions also seem to be related to the fitness of Lactobacillus spp. in acidified environments such as that of the cariogenic biofilm associated with carious root lesions. CONCLUSIONS The response of Lactobacillus spp. to an acidic environment is complex and multifaceted. This finding suggests several possible avenues for further research into the adaptive mechanisms of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Sales de Barros Santos
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Nailê Damé-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasilia, Brazil; Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James' University Hospital, LS9 7TF Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Hitomi Nagano
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Thuy Do
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James' University Hospital, LS9 7TF Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Clarissa Cavalcanti Fatturi Parolo
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marisa Maltz
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil.
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Kristensen MF, Lund MB, Schramm A, Lau EF, Schlafer S. Determinants of Microscale pH in In Situ-Grown Dental Biofilms. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1348-1355. [PMID: 37697830 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231190563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental biofilm pH is the most important determinant of virulence for the development of caries lesions. Confocal microscopy-based pH ratiometry allows monitoring biofilm pH with high spatial resolution. Experiments performed on simplified biofilm models under static conditions identified steep pH gradients as well as localized acidogenic foci that promote enamel demineralization. The present work used pH ratiometry to perform a comprehensive analysis of the effect of whole saliva flow on the microscale pH in complex, in situ-grown 48-h and 96-h biofilms (n = 54) from 9 healthy participants. pH was monitored in 12 areas at the biofilm bottom and top, and saliva flow with film thicknesses corresponding to those in the oral cavity was provided by an additively manufactured microfluidic flow cell. Biofilm pH was correlated to the bacterial composition, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biofilm acidogenicity varied considerably between participants and individual biofilms but also between different areas inside one biofilm, with pH gradients of up to 2 units. pH drops were more pronounced in 96-h than in 48-h biofilms (P = 0.0121) and virtually unaffected by unstimulated saliva flow (0.8 mm/min). Stimulated flow (8 mm/min) raised average biofilm pH to near-neutral values but it did not equilibrate vertical and horizontal pH gradients in the biofilms. pH was significantly lower at the biofilm base than at the top (P < 0.0001) and lower downstream than upstream (P = 0.0046), due to an accumulation of acids along the flow path. pH drops were positively correlated with biofilm thickness and negatively with the thickness of the saliva film covering the biofilm. Bacterial community composition was significantly different between biofilms with strong and weak pH responses but not their species richness. The present experimental study demonstrates that stimulated saliva flow, saliva film thickness, biofilm age, biofilm thickness, and bacterial composition are important modulators of microscale pH in dental biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Kristensen
- Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M B Lund
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Schramm
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E Frandsen Lau
- Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Schlafer
- Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zhao X, Li C, Yang H, Wei H, Li Y. Antibacterial Activity of a Lysin LysP53 against Streptococcus mutans. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1231-1240. [PMID: 37698342 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231182675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common disease affecting quality of life globally. In the present study, we found that a bacteriophage lysin LysP53 against Acinetobacter baumannii possesses selective activity on Streptococcus mutans, the main etiological agent of dental caries, even in low pH caries microenvironments, whereas only minor LysP53 activity was detected against Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus mitis. Testing activity against S. mutans planktonic cells showed that 4 μM LysP53 could kill more than 84% of S. mutans within 1 min in buffer with optimal pHs ranging from 4.0 to 6.5. Daily application of LysP53 on biofilms formed in BHI medium supplemented or not with sucrose could reduce exopolysaccharides, expression of genes related to acid resistance and adhesion, and the number of live bacteria in the biofilms. LysP53 treatment also showed similar effects as 0.12% chlorhexidine in preventing enamel demineralization due to S. mutans biofilms, as well as effective removal of S. mutans colonization of tooth surfaces in mice without observed toxic effects. Because of its selective activity against main cariogenic bacteria and good activity in low pH caries microenvironments, it is advantageous to use LysP53 as an active agent for preventing caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - C Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Reddy BVT, Chowdary BUK, Kumar JR, Kumar RH, Gunde V, Nagilla SR. Comparative evaluation of human breast milk, bovine milk, and infant milk formula on cariogenicity in children: An in vivo study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:274-281. [PMID: 38235812 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_450_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to compare the cariogenicity of human breast milk (HBM), bovine milk, and infant milk formulas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety children of 1-4 years were randomly selected according to the type of milk they consume and were divided into five groups: Group I - HBM, Group II - cow milk, Group III - buffalo milk, Group IV - Lactogen 2, and Group V - Dexolac 4. Three parameters were assessed (salivary pH, plaque pH, and Streptococcus mutans count). Baseline salivary pH was measured, plaque sample was collected from children before feeding, and then, children were fed with milk. The second sample was collected after 45 min of feeding and the third sample after 3 h of second sample collection. Collected plaque samples were assessed for plaque pH and were sent to microbiological laboratory and cultured on blood agar. The intergroup comparison was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Intragroup comparison was done by one-way anova and Bonferroni test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in intra- and intergroup comparisons of salivary pH was noted. However, with regard to plaque pH, there is a statistically significant difference in the second sample in Groups III, IV, and V. There was an increase in colony-forming units of S. mutans in plaque samples from baseline to the third sample in Groups IV and V. CONCLUSION Lactogen 2 and Dexolac 4 showed greater cariogenic activity, buffalo milk is mildly cariogenic, whereas HBM and cow milk showed least cariogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Thimma Reddy
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India
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Mohammed RK, Ibrahim AA. The anti-adherence activity and bactericidal effect of GO against Streptococcus mutans from Iraqi dental patients. Odontology 2023; 111:863-869. [PMID: 36790525 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The high rate of microbes and their biological activity in the patient's mouth is a concern in the domains of dental caries and periodontal disease. The study aimed to shed light on the relationship between graphene oxide's nanoparticles (nGOs) antimicrobial properties and the growth of dental pathogenic bacteria. The forty swab samples were frequently collected from the patient's cavity mouth between November 2019 and January 2020, from patients who visited dentist clinics in Baghdad by taking swabs from mouth cavities with various dental caries with two age groups (5-17) and (18-60) from male and female to streaking them on Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) agar, then identified by re-streaking on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin (MSB) agar. All isolates were confirmed as Streptococcus mutans after API 20 Strep method. As well as the Colony Forming Units (CFU) were then determined after diluting the bacterial cell suspensions to obtain cell samples containing 1.5 × 108 CFU/ ml. The collagen-binding adhesin (cnm) and glucosyltransferases (gtf) of S. mutans genes were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method before and after exposure to the nGOs, which were prepared in different pulse laser energy (500, 600, and 700 mJ) with presence and absence of the magnetic field, and the data have been analyzing. After counting the CFU, the nGOs shows high effectiveness inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. This research provides definitive answers about the relationship between nGOs, antibacterial caries, and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Kadhim Mohammed
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ali Attallah Ibrahim
- Abi Ghraib General Hospital, Baghdad Al-Karkh Health Directorate, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
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Gong SG, El-Shennawy S, Choudhary P, Dufour D, Lévesque CM. Antimicrobial activity of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius LAB813 on in vitro cariogenic biofilms. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 154:105760. [PMID: 37421828 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial activity of a novel commensal strain of Streptococcus salivarius, LAB813, against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. METHODS The inhibitory activity of LAB813 towards S. mutans was tested using mono-, dual-, and multi-species cariogenic biofilms formed on three types of orthodontic appliances (metal, ceramic, aligner). The activity of the commercially available probiotic, BLIS M18™ was used as control. RESULTS LAB813 significantly inhibited S. mutans biofilms with cell killing approximating 99% for all materials. LAB813 showed effectiveness at inhibiting S. mutans in more complex multi-species biofilms with cell killing approximating 90% for all three materials. When comparing the killing kinetics of the probiotics, LAB813 had a faster rate of killing biofilms than M18. Experiments conducted with cell-free culture supernatant confirmed the presence of an inhibitory substance of proteinaceous nature. The addition of xylitol, a common sugar substitute used for human consumption, potentiated the inhibitory effects of LAB813 against S. mutans embedded in a more complex fungal-bacterial biofilm. CONCLUSIONS LAB813 possesses strong antimicrobial activity, potent anti-biofilm properties, and enhanced antimicrobial activity in the presence of xylitol. The identification and characterization of strain LAB813 exhibiting antimicrobial activity towards S. mutans hold exciting promise for this novel strain to be developed as an oral probiotic for use in the prevention of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Ging Gong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sally El-Shennawy
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Delphine Dufour
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Céline M Lévesque
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Su S, Qi T, Wang W, Salama ES, Li Y. Investigation of the oral microbiome of children associated with dental caries: A systematic study. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 154:105776. [PMID: 37540967 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the variations in dental caries (DC) related microbiome abnormality and metabolomics shift in children. DESIGN The patients were divided into two groups healthy control (C) and highly affected DC children based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Saliva samples were collected and used for the taxonomic and functional characterization of oral microbiota. RESULTS Metatranscriptomics analysis revealed the alterations and composition of oral microbiota in the C and DC groups. Relative abundance in the C group was associated with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Whereas, the microbial composition in the DC group was found to be considerably altered with increases in the abundance of the Proteobacteria (25%), Fusobacteria (15%), and Cyanobacteria (8%) while decreases in the abundance of Firmicutes (10%) and Bacteroidetes (23%). Alterations in the phylum composition were positively and negatively correlated with several metabolites of sugars (such as fructose, sorbose, ribose, allose, and mannose) and amino acids (such as arginine, lysine, tryptophan, and proline). Moreover, in comparison with the C group, the metabolic shift of the DC group was different with an increase in certain tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates levels, and a decrease in fatty acid. Such alterations can enhance the growth of oral pathogens and contribute to DC development. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that an altered abundance of Actinobacillus, Fusobacterium, and Shuttleworthia can serve as biomarkers of DC in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Su
- Healthy Examination & Management Center, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Tao Qi
- Department of Stomatology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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Gilbert Klaczko C, Alkhars N, Zeng Y, Klaczko M, Gill A, Kopycka-Kedzierawski D, Jusko T, Sohn M, Xiao J, Gill S. The Oral Microbiome and Cross-Kingdom Interactions during Pregnancy. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1122-1130. [PMID: 37431832 PMCID: PMC10552463 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231176459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy initiates a temporary transition in the maternal physiological state, with a shift in the oral microbiome and a potential increase in frequency of oral diseases. The risk of oral disease is higher among populations of Hispanic and Black women and those with lower socioeconomic status (low SES), demonstrating a need for intervention within these high-risk populations. To further our understanding of the oral microbiome of high-risk pregnant women, we characterized the oral microbiome in 28 nonpregnant and 179 pregnant low-SES women during their third trimester living in Rochester, New York. Unstimulated saliva and supragingival plaque samples were collected cross-sectionally, followed by assessment of the bacterial (16S ribosomal RNA) and fungal (18S ITS) microbiota communities. Trained and calibrated dentists performed oral examinations to determine the number of decayed teeth and plaque index. Initially, plaque from 28 nonpregnant women and 48 pregnant women were compared; these data showed significant differences in bacterial abundances based on pregnancy status. To further our understanding of the oral microbiome within the pregnant population, we next examined the oral microbiome within this population based on several variables. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Lactobacillus were associated with a greater number of decayed teeth. The composition of fungal communities differed between plaque and saliva, demonstrating 2 distinct "mycotypes" that were represented by a greater abundance of Candida in plaque and Malassezia in saliva. Veillonella rogosae, a common oral bacterium, was negatively associated with both plaque index and salivary Candida albicans colonization by culture data. This was further emphasized by in vitro inhibition of C. albicans by V. rogosae. Identification of interactions between the bacterial or fungal oral communities revealed that V. rogosae was positively associated with the oral commensal Streptococcus australis and negatively with the cariogenic Lactobacillus genus, suggesting V. rogosae as a potential biomarker of a noncariogenic oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Gilbert Klaczko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Translational Biomedical Science Program, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, USA
| | - N. Alkhars
- Translational Biomedical Science Program, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, USA
- Department of General Dental Practice, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Y. Zeng
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M.E. Klaczko
- Chemistry Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A.L. Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D.T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - T.A. Jusko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M.B. Sohn
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J. Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S.R. Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Blostein F, Zou T, Bhaumik D, Salzman E, Bakulski K, Shaffer J, Marazita M, Foxman B. Bacterial Community Modifies Host Genetics Effect on Early Childhood Caries. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1098-1105. [PMID: 37395259 PMCID: PMC10552462 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231175356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
By age 5, approximately one-fifth of children have early childhood caries (ECC). Both the oral microbiome and host genetics are thought to influence susceptibility. Whether the oral microbiome modifies genetic susceptibility to ECC has not been tested. We test whether the salivary bacteriome modifies the association of a polygenic score (PGS, a score derived from genomic data that summarizes genetic susceptibility to disease) for primary tooth decay on ECC in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia 2 longitudinal birth cohort. Children were genotyped using the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array and underwent annual dental examinations. We constructed a PGS for primary tooth decay using weights from an independent, genome-wide association meta-analysis. Using Poisson regression, we tested for associations between the PGS (high versus low) and ECC incidence, adjusting for demographic characteristics (n = 783). An incidence-density sampled subset of the cohort (n = 138) had salivary bacteriome data at 24 mo of age. We tested for effect modification of the PGS on ECC case status by salivary bacterial community state type (CST). By 60 mo, 20.69% of children had ECC. High PGS was not associated with an increased rate of ECC (incidence rate ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.42). However, having a cariogenic salivary bacterial CST at 24 mo was associated with ECC (odds ratio [OR], 7.48; 95% CI, 3.06-18.26), which was robust to PGS adjustment. An interaction existed between the salivary bacterial CST and the PGS on the multiplicative scale (P = 0.04). The PGS was associated with ECC (OR, 4.83; 95% CI, 1.29-18.17) only among individuals with a noncariogenic salivary bacterial CST (n = 70). Genetic causes of caries may be harder to detect when not accounting for cariogenic oral microbiomes. As certain salivary bacterial CSTs increased ECC risk across genetic risk strata, preventing colonization of cariogenic microbiomes would be universally beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Blostein
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T. Zou
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D. Bhaumik
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E. Salzman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K.M. Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J.R. Shaffer
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M.L. Marazita
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B. Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Islam MS, Riadh Z, Al-Ajeeli DTA, Hossain A, Padmanabhan V, Rahman MM. Tracing of Microbes in Prepared Cavity Following Different Minimally Invasive Caries Removal Protocols. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:674-678. [PMID: 38152941 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The conventional caries removal technique has been replaced with minimally invasive (MI) techniques to preserve healthy natural teeth and to provide durable dental restorations. Each of these MI caries removal protocols is reported to be favorable in dealing with different caries conditions. The current study aimed to trace the residual bacteria that may remain in a prepared cavity following a visual-tactile (VT), caries detection dye (CDD), and chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 29 extracted human molar teeth with visible caries lesions were randomly divided into three groups. The cavity preparation and caries removal of each group was accomplished following one of the MI caries removal protocols. Swab samples (one from each specimen) were taken and inoculated onto a blood agar plate and incubated for 48 hours. The growth of the bacterial colony was observed under a microscope and the specific genome of the bacteria was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. RESULTS The maximum number of traceable bacteria was observed following the chemo-mechanical caries removal group followed by the caries detection dye group and the least in the visual-tactile group. The PCR test revealed the presence of Streptococcus mutans in all the observed colonies; however, Streptococcus sobrinus was absent completely. The Chi-square test reveals a statistically insignificant (p = 0.646) difference among the tested groups. CONCLUSION All of the MI caries removal protocols used in this study showed a trace of microbes in certain teeth. The cavity prepared following a visual tactile protocol showed the least amount of traceable bacteria in the prepared cavity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cavity that is prepared following individual MI protocol has a risk of leaving microbes in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sofiqul Islam
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, Phone: +971 7 2222593, e-mail:
| | - Zainab Riadh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dina Thaer Abdulsalam Al-Ajeeli
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashfaque Hossain
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vivek Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman
- Department of Periodontology, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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Das A, Patro S, Simnani FZ, Singh D, Sinha A, Kumari K, Rao PV, Singh S, Kaushik NK, Panda PK, Suar M, Verma SK. Biofilm modifiers: The disparity in paradigm of oral biofilm ecosystem. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114966. [PMID: 37269809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A biofilm is a population of sessile microorganisms that has a distinct organized structure and characteristics like channels and projections. Good oral hygiene and reduction in the prevalence of periodontal diseases arise from minimal biofilm accumulation in the mouth, however, studies focusing on modifying the ecology of oral biofilms have not yet been consistently effective. The self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances and greater antibiotic resistance make it difficult to target and eliminate biofilm infections, which lead to serious clinical consequences that are often lethal. Therefore, a better understanding is required to target and modify the ecology of biofilms in order to eradicate the infection, not only in instances of oral disorders but also in terms of nosocomial infections. The review focuses on several biofilm ecology modifiers to prevent biofilm infections, as well as the involvement of biofilm in antibiotic resistance, implants or in-dwelling device contamination, dental caries, and other periodontal disorders. It also discusses recent advances in nanotechnology that may lead to novel strategies for preventing and treating infections caused by biofilms as well as a novel outlook to infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antarikshya Das
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Swadheena Patro
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
| | | | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Khushbu Kumari
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Patnala Vedika Rao
- KIIT School of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sarita Singh
- BVG Life Sciences Limited, Sagar Complex, Old Pune-Mumbai Road, Chinchwad, Pune 411034, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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Huang Y, Wang T, Chen Y, Lin H, Chen D. Amyloid hexapeptide prevent dental caries by antibiofilm formation. J Dent 2023; 135:104596. [PMID: 37353107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biofilm formed by cariogenic microbes is the direct cause of dental caries, therefore, prevention of dental caries should be anti-biofilm-based. Previously, we found the amyloid hexapeptides efficiently inhibited biofilm formation by aggregating into amyloid fibrils agglutinating microbes. This study aimed to select the most stable amyloid hexapeptide GIDLKI (GI6) and study its anti-caries effect. METHODS Biofilms of multi-species bacteria, derived from mixed saliva, were cultured to evaluate the anti-biofilm formation effect of GI6. And then, the primary cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) was cultured in BHI with various pH, gradient concentrations of sucrose, glucose, and calcium ions to evaluate the anti-biofilm formation effects of GI6. Then models of human enamel block caries and twenty male SPF-SD rat caries induced by S. mutans biofilm were constructed, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography were applied to investigate the anti-biofilm formation, anti-caries effects and use safety of GI6. RESULTS GI6 could inhibit the multi-species bacteria biofilm formation and remained effective in anti-biofilm activity against S. mutans in environments closely related to caries. GI6 suppressed S. mutans biofilm formation and thus prevented or alleviated the development of caries in human tooth blocks and rat teeth. GI6 did not affect the intestinal flora, serum biochemical parameters, and the pathological changes of various organs. CONCLUSIONS Amyloid hexapeptides, including but not limited to GI6, are novel effective anti-caries agents that can be used to prevent dental caries safely. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study explored the anti-biofilm formation and anti-caries effect of GI6 in vitro, highlighting the anti-biofilm formation therapy for dental caries and setting a foundation for the practical application of GI6 for the treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Yucong Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
| | - Dongru Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
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Ribeiro ASP, Marquezin MCS, Pacheco ERP, Rasera I, Klein MI, de Vasconcellos SP, Landgraf RG, Okamoto D, Calixto LA, Castelo PM. Bypass gastroplasty impacts oral health, salivary inflammatory biomarkers, and microbiota: a controlled study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4735-4746. [PMID: 37294353 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge about the impact of gastroplasty on oral health and salivary biomarkers is limited. The aim was to prospectively evaluate oral health status, salivary inflammatory markers, and microbiota in patients undergoing gastroplasty compared with a control group undergoing a dietary program. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty participants with obesity class II/III were included (20 individuals in each sex-matched group; 23-44 years). Dental status, salivary flow, buffering capacity, inflammatory cytokines, and uric acid were assessed. Salivary microbiological analysis (16S-rRNA sequencing) assessed the abundance of genus, species, and alpha diversity. Cluster analysis and mixed-model ANOVA were applied. RESULTS Oral health status, waist-to-hip ratio, and salivary alpha diversity were associated at baseline. A subtle improvement in food consumption markers was observed, although caries activity increased in both groups, and the gastroplasty group showed worse periodontal status after three months. IFNγ and IL10 levels decreased in the gastroplasty group at 3 months, while a decrease was observed in the control group at 6 months; IL6 decreased in both groups (p < 0.001). Salivary flow and buffering capacity did not change. Significant changes in Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas endodontalis abundance were observed in both groups, while alpha diversity (Sobs, Chao1, Ace, Shannon, and Simpson) increased in the gastroplasty group. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions changed in different degrees the salivary inflammatory biomarkers and microbiota, but did not improve the periodontal status after 6 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the observed discrete improvement in dietary habits, caries activity increased with no clinical improvement in the periodontal status, emphasizing the need of oral health monitoring during obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aianne Souto Pizzolato Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Salomé Marquezin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Irineu Rasera
- Faculdade de Ensino Superior da Amazônia Reunida, Av. Brasil, 1435, Redenção, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inês Klein
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Suzan Pantaroto de Vasconcellos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Richardt Gama Landgraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Okamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Calixto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Elchaghaby MA, Rashad S, Yousry YM. Inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using the chamomile extract against Streptococcus mutans cariogenic pathogen. Dent Med Probl 2023; 60:483-488. [PMID: 37815513 DOI: 10.17219/dmp/152063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the recent use and development of nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining much attention as a promising antibacterial agent for use in caries prevention. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to biosynthesize AgNPs using chamomile extract as a reducing agent and to investigate its inhibitory effect against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) dental bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chamomile extract was prepared by sonication and added dropwise to silver nitrate (1mM) solution to synthesize AgNPs. Its formation was confirmed spectrophotometrically, and its size was determined. The disc diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs against S. mutans. Also, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed. RESULTS The spectrum of biosynthesized AgNPs showed a maximum peak at 454 nm, and the peak area increased with increasing time. The mean AgNP size was 41 nm. The inhibition zone diameter recorded for AgNPs against S. mutans was 10 mm, while the MIC was 280 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS AgNPs biosynthesized using chamomile extract were proven to exert good antibacterial activity against cariogenic S. mutans. Using chamomile extract as a reducing agent can provide a rapid, affordable, and eco-friendly approach for AgNP production, which could be incorporated into various dental vehicles for dental caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ali Elchaghaby
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Sayed Rashad
- Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Mohamed Yousry
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt
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Yang Z, Cai T, Li Y, Jiang D, Luo J, Zhou Z. Oral microbial communities in 5-year-old children with versus without dental caries. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:400. [PMID: 37328866 PMCID: PMC10276436 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries in young children has received more and more attention. The study of the oral microbiota may help to understand the polymicrobial etiology of dental caries. OBJECTIVES To investigate the diversity and structure of microbial communities in saliva samples from 5-year-old children with versus without dental caries. METHODS A total of 36 saliva samples were collected from 18 children with high caries (HB group) and from 18 children without caries (NB group). Then, 16S rDNA was amplified from bacterial samples using polymerase chain reaction, and high-throughput sequencing was performed using Illumina Novaseq platforms. RESULTS Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were distributed among 16 phyla, 26 classes, 56 orders, 93 families, 173 genera, and 218 species. Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Patescibacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria and Spirochaetes were basically the same in different groups, but their relative abundances were different. The core microbiome was defined as the species from 218 shared microbial taxa. The alpha diversity test showed that there were no significant differences in microbial abundance and diversity between the high caries and no caries groups. The results from principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and hierarchical clustering showed that the two groups had similar microorganisms. The biomarkers of different groups were defined by LEfSe analysis to identify potential caries-related and health-related bacteria. Co-occurrence network analysis of dominant genera showed that oral microbial communities in the no caries group were more complex and aggregated than those in the high caries group. Finally, the PICRUSt algorithm was used to predict the function of the microbial communities from saliva samples. The obtained results showed that mineral absorption was greater in the no caries group than in the high caries group. BugBase was used to determine phenotypes present in microbial community samples. The obtained results showed that Streptococcus was greater in the high caries group than in the no caries group. CONCLUSION Findings of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the microbiological etiology of dental caries in 5-year-old children and are expected to provide new methods for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 400015, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Yueheng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 400015, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 400015, China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 400015, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 400015, China.
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Ke L, Wang J, Liu Y, Sun Z, Li Y, Xiao X. Identification of the antibacterial action mechanism of curcumin on Streptococcus mutans through transcriptome profiling. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 149:105655. [PMID: 36842372 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism responsible for how curcumin affects the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). DESIGN The antibacterial activity of curcumin was evaluated by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The mass of the biofilm was measured by crystal violet staining. Transcriptome sequencing was used to obtain all the transcript information associated with the biological activity of curcumin-treated S. mutans. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the expression levels of related biofilm formation genes. RESULTS The MIC value for curcumin was 64 μM. Curcumin inhibited the formation of a biofilm by S. mutans and degraded mature biofilms. A gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly relevant to biofilm formation. In addition, 17 significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (p ≤ 0.01) were identified and were potentially associated with the biochemical metabolic processes of S. mutans. DEGs associated with the biofilm formation of S. mutants, including gtfB, gtfC, rgpG, spaP, spxA1, spxA2, bacA, lrgB, and gshAB. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with transcriptome sequencing that the expression levels of gtfB, gtfC, rgpG, and spaP significantly decreased in the curcumin-treated group, whereas the expression levels of spx1, spx2, bacA, lrgB, and gshAB were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin showed marked inhibitory effects against the formation of biofilms by S. mutans and degradation of formed biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tumors of the Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of clinical laboratory, Hospital of China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tumors of the Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tumors of the Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wuhan, China.
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Sun Y, Lu J, Yang J, Liu Y, Liu L, Zeng F, Niu Y, Dong L, Yang F. Construction of a caries diagnosis model based on microbiome novelty score. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 41:208-217. [PMID: 37056188 PMCID: PMC10427253 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2023.2022301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the bacteria in dental caries and establish an optimized dental-ca-ries diagnosis model based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) data of oral flora. METHODS We searched the public databa-ses of microbiomes including NCBI, MG-RAST, EMBL-EBI, and QIITA and collected data involved in the relevant research on human oral microbiomes worldwide. The samples in the caries dataset (1 703) were compared with healthy ones (20 540) by using the microbial search engine (MSE) to obtain the microbiome novelty score (MNS) and construct a caries diagnosis model based on this index. Nonparametric multivariate ANOVA was used to analyze and compare the impact of different host factors on the oral flora MNS, and the model was optimized by controlling related factors. Finally, the effect of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS 1) The oral microbiota distribution obviously differed among people with various oral-health statuses, and the species richness and species diversity index decreased. 2) ROC curve was used to evaluate the caries data set, and the area under ROC curve was AUC=0.67. 3) Among the five hosts' factors including caries status, country, age, decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT) indices, and sampling site displayed the strongest effect on MNS of samples (P=0.001). 4) The AUC of the model was 0.87, 0.74, 0.74, and 0.75 in high caries, medium caries, low caries samples in Chinese children, and mixed dental plaque samples after controlling host factors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The model based on the analysis of 16S rRNA data of oral flora had good diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Sun
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Stomatology, Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Dept. of Stomatology, Pujiang Stomatological Hospital, Jinhua 322299, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital of Qing-dao, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Dept. of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Yufen Niu
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Stomatology, Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Stomatology, Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Stomatology, Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
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Gu M, Nguyen HT, Cho JH, Suh JW, Cheng J. Characterization of Leuconostoc mesenteroides MJM60376 as an oral probiotic and its antibiofilm activity. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:145-157. [PMID: 36306428 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria have been widely used as probiotics for improving gut health. However, studies on oral probiotics were very limited. In this study, 67 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented food and screened for antagonistic activity against Streptococcus mutans, the causative pathogen of dental caries. Leuconostoc mesenteroides MJM60376 showed the highest antagonistic activity against S. mutans KCTC3065. L. mesenteroides MJM60376 also showed oral probiotic characteristics including weak acid production, lysozyme tolerance, adhesion to oral epithelial cell (YD-38), antibiotic susceptibility, and good coaggregation ability with S. mutans. Furthermore, the biofilm formation of S. mutans was significantly reduced when cocultured with L. mesenteroides. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that amounts of attached bacteria of S. mutans and network-like structures were significantly reduced by L. mesenteroides MJM60376. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. mesenteroides MJM60376 also greatly inhibited biofilm formation of S. mutans from the adherent stage, the activity remained even after it was treated with catalase, trypsin, or pH neutralized. Expression levels of biofilm formation-related genes were significantly reduced in S. mutans when it was treated with the CFS of L. mesenteroides MJM60376. Therefore, L. mesenteroides MJM60376 has great potential to be used as a multifunctional ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Gu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Huong Thi Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Cho
- Myongji Bioefficacy Research Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Myongji Bioefficacy Research Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhua Cheng
- Myongji Bioefficacy Research Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Biria M, Sattari M, Eslamiamirabadi N, Ehsani A, Iranparvar P. Relationship between the salivary concentration of matrix metalloproteinases 8 and 20 and severe early childhood caries. Dent Med Probl 2023; 60:201-206. [PMID: 37327106 DOI: 10.17219/dmp/142564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is initiated through mineral dissolution by bacterial acids and collagen degradation by endogenous proteolytic enzymes, mainly collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). OBJECTIVES The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and salivary MMP-8 and MMP-20 concentrations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty children aged 36-60 months were assigned to either the caries-free (control) group or the S-ECC group. Standard clinical examinations were performed, and approx. 1 mL of expectorated unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants. In the S-ECC group, the sampling was repeated 3 months after restorative treatment. All samples were analyzed for the salivary concentrations of MMP-8 and MMP-20, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis employed the t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, and the paired samples t test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS At baseline, the subjects in the S-ECC group presented with significantly elevated levels of MMP-8 as compared to the control group. However, the salivary concentration of MMP-20 did not exhibit a significant difference between the 2 groups. A significant reduction occurred in the levels of MMP-8 and MMP-20 3 months after restorative treatment in the S-ECC group. CONCLUSIONS The salivary levels of MMP-8 and MMP-20 were significantly affected by dental restorative treatment in children. Furthermore, MMP-8 was observed to be a better indicator of the dental caries status than MMP-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Biria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Sattari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Eslamiamirabadi
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Atieh Ehsani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Iranparvar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mansouri M, O'Brien EP, Mondal K, Chen CC, Drummond JL, Hanley L, Rockne KJ. Stoichiometric models of sucrose and glucose fermentation by oral streptococci: Implications for free acid formation and enamel demineralization. Dent Mater 2023; 39:351-361. [PMID: 36906504 PMCID: PMC10162441 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to develop stoichiometric models of sugar fermentation and cell biosynthesis for model cariogenic Streptococcus mutans and non-cariogenic Streptococcus sanguinis to better understand and predict metabolic product formation. METHODS Streptococcus mutans (strain UA159) and Streptococcus sanguinis (strain DSS-10) were grown separately in bioreactors fed brain heart infusion broth supplemented with either sucrose or glucose at 37 °C. Cell mass concentration and fermentation products were measured at different hydraulic residence times (HRT) to determine cell growth yield. RESULTS Sucrose growth yields were 0.080 ± 0.0078 g cell/g and 0.18 ± 0.031 g cell/g for S. sanguinis and S. mutans, respectively. For glucose, this reversed, with S. sanguinis having a yield of 0.10 ± 0.0080 g cell/g and S. mutans 0.053 ± 0.0064 g cell/g. Stoichiometric equations to predict free acid concentrations were developed for each test case. Results demonstrate that S. sanguinis produces more free acid at a given pH than S. mutans due to lesser cell yield and production of more acetic acid. Greater amounts of free acid were produced at the shortest HRT of 2.5 hr compared to longer HRTs for both microorganisms and substrates. SIGNIFICANCE The finding that the non-cariogenic S. sanguinis produces greater amounts of free acids than S. mutans strongly suggests that bacterial physiology and environmental factors affecting substrate/metabolite mass transfer play a much greater role in tooth or enamel/dentin demineralization than acidogenesis. These findings enhance the understanding of fermentation production by oral streptococci and provide useful data for comparing studies under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mansouri
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evan P O'Brien
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karabi Mondal
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chien-Chia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Drummond
- Professor Emeritus of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luke Hanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karl J Rockne
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Yan Y, Hailun H, Fenghui Y, Pingting L, Lei L, Zhili Z, Tao H. Streptococcus mutans dexA affects exopolysaccharides production and biofilm homeostasis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:134-144. [PMID: 36270969 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate the role of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) dexA gene on biofilm structure and microecological distribution in multispecies biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multispecies biofilm model consisting of S. mutans and its dexA mutants, Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii) and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) was constructed, and bacterial growth, biofilm architecture and microbiota composition were determined to study the effect of the S. mutans dexA on multispecies biofilms. RESULTS Our results showed that either deletion or overexpression of S. mutans dexA had no effect on the planktonic growth of bacterium, while S. mutans dominated in the multispecies biofilms to form cariogenic biofilms. Furthermore, we revealed that the SmudexA+ group showed structural abnormality in the form of more fractures and blank areas. The morphology of the SmudexA group was sparser and more porous, with reduced and less agglomerated exopolysaccharides scaffold. Interestingly, the microbiota composition analysis provided new insights that the inhibition of S. gordonii and S. sanguinis was alleviated in the SmudexA group compared to the significantly suppressed condition in the other groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, deletion of S. mutans dexA gene re-modules biofilm structure and microbiota composition, thereby leading to decreased cariogenicity. Thus, the S. mutans dexA may be an important target for regulating the cariogenicity of dental plaque biofilms, expecting to be a probiotic for caries control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - He Hailun
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Fenghui
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Pingting
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Zhili
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Venugopal M, Khosla E, K KA, Alex V, T N, Kumar H. Evaluation of Probiotic Effects of Lactobacilli on Mutans Streptococci: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 23:984-990. [PMID: 37073910 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study is to evaluate the probiotic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on clinical isolates of Mutans Streptococci (MS) and antibiotic susceptibility of these strains to commonly used antibiotics in dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plaque samples from permanent first molars were collected and transferred aseptically onto Mitis-Salivarius agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in the presence of 5-10% CO2. Mutans streptococci colonies were identified biochemically using Hi-Strep identification kit. The inhibitory activity of the clinical strains of MS on Lactobacilli was investigated using agar-overlay interference technique. Positive inhibition was appreciated as a clear zone around the Lactobacilli. Disk diffusion assay was done as described by CLSI M100-S25 for antibiotic susceptibility. The zone of growth inhibition caused by Lactobacilli and antibiotics on MS clinical strains was measured directly using a vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test. RESULTS Mutans streptococci exhibited positive inhibition with both the probiotic strains and L. acidophilus showed more zones of inhibition than L. rhamnosus. Antibiotic susceptibility of clinical strains of MS showed sensitivity to penicillin and vancomycin, however, tetracycline and erythromycin showed very few resistant strains. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by cephalothin followed by penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. CONCLUSION L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus have strong inhibitory effects on clinical strains of MS. Lactobacillus acidophilus showed a higher zone of inhibition. All the clinical strains of MS were sensitive to penicillin and vancomycin. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by cephalothin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental caries remains silent epidemic and increasing antibiotic resistance is another major challenge that threatens the world. Newer methods such as whole-bacteria replacement therapy using probiotics for decreasing harmful oral pathogens and reducing the intake of antibiotics must be explored. More researches to promote use of probiotics should be initiated due to its possible preventive and health maintenance benefits providing an end to new cavities and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Venugopal
- Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India, Phone: +91 7559064198, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2485-1809
| | - Ektah Khosla
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kerala, India
| | - Korath Abraham K
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kerala, India
| | - Vinitha Alex
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Nishna T
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-501X
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Education, Centre for Professional and Advanced Studies, Kottayam, Kerala, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-7794
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Ren S, Yang Y, Xia M, Deng Y, Zuo Y, Lei L, Hu T. A Chinese herb preparation, honokiol, inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 147:105610. [PMID: 36603516 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm and anticariogenic effects of honokiol, a traditional Chinese medicine, on the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). DESIGN The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of honokiol on S. mutans UA159 were measured. Then, S. mutans were treated with honokiol at concentrations of 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC. Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was assessed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the anthrone-sulfuric method. Crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to demonstrate the characteristics and morphology of S. mutans biofilms. Colony-forming unit (CFU) assay was performed to observe the antibacterial effect of honokiol. Lactic acid production of 24-h biofilms was measured by the lactic acid assay. The expression level of caries-related genes (gtfB/C/D, comD/E and ldh) was identified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRTPCR) to explore the relevant mechanism. And the cytotoxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. RESULTS The MIC and MBC of honokiol on S. mutans were 30 μg/mL and 60 μg/mL, respectively. Honokiol inhibited biofilm formation, EPS synthesis and lactic acid production. It also decreased the expression of glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) and quorum sensing (QS) system encoding genes. Moreover, honokiol showed favorable biocompatibility with HGFs. CONCLUSIONS Honokiol has an inhibitory effect on S. mutans and favorable biocompatibility, with application potential as a novel anticaries agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengying Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Zuo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Manchanda S, Cheung BPK, Lee GHM, Lo ECM, Yiu CKY. Quantitative analysis of salivary and biofilm bacteria associated with cavitated and non-cavitated carious lesions in pre-school children. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105607. [PMID: 36543040 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify and compare Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) in saliva and biofilm of caries-free children to those with cavitated and non-cavitated lesions. DESIGN One hundred and thirty-five 3-4 years old children were grouped (n = 45 in each group) according to their caries status: Clinical examination was done by a calibrated examiner. Biofilm and saliva were collected to quantify the microorganisms using qRT-PCR. The decayed-missing-filled surfaces (dmfs) was calculated by adding the number of decayed (ICDAS-II score 3-6), filled (ICDAS-II score 7 and 8) and missing (ICDAS-II score 9) surfaces due to caries. The correlation between the bacterial amounts and the number of carious surfaces was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient. The levels and proportions of the microorganisms were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test at an α-level of 0.05. RESULTS The quantity of S. mutans and L. fermentum was significantly higher in saliva and biofilm of children with cavitated lesions, followed by those with non-cavitated lesions and the lowest in caries-free children. Also, salivary and biofilm S. mutans, along with biofilm L. fermentum levels, significantly correlated with the number of non-cavitated surfaces; while salivary and biofilm S. mutans and L. fermentum levels significantly correlated with the number of cavitated surfaces. Additionally, dmfs scores significantly correlated with the salivary and biofilm S. mutans and L. fermentum levels. CONCLUSIONS S. mutans and L. fermentum in saliva and biofilm samples are associated with caries lesion severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Manchanda
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - B P K Cheung
- Centralized Research Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gillian H M Lee
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edward C M Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cynthia K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Alomeir N, Zeng Y, Fadaak A, Wu TT, Malmstrom H, Xiao J. Effect of Nystatin on Candida albicans - Streptococcus mutans duo-species biofilms. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 145:105582. [PMID: 36395564 PMCID: PMC9729470 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of Nystatin on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans duo-species biofilms using an in vitro cariogenic biofilm model. DESIGN Biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs under high sugar challenge (1 % sucrose and 1 % glucose), with inoculation of 105CFU/ml S. mutans and 103CFU/ml C. albicans. Between 20 and 68 h, biofilms were treated with 28,000 IU Nystatin solution, 5 min/application, 4 times/day, to mimic the clinical application. Biofilm's three-dimensional structure was assessed using multi-photon confocal microscopy. The expression of C. albicans and S. mutans virulence genes was assessed via real-time PCR. Duplicate discs were used in 3 independent repeats. t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare outcomes between treatment and control group. RESULTS Nystatin treatment eliminated C. albicans in biofilms at 44 h. Nystatin-treated group had a significant reduction of biofilm dry-weight and reduced S. mutans abundance by 0.5 log CFU/ml at 44 and 68 h (p < 0.05). Worth noting that biomass distribution across the vertical layout was altered by Nystatin treatment, resulting in less volume on the substrate layers in Nystatin-treated biofilms compared to the control. Reduction of microcolonies size and volume was also observed in Nystatin-treated biofilms (p < 0.05). Nystatin-treated biofilms formed unique halo-shaped microcolonies with reduced core EPS coverage. Furthermore, Nystatin-treated biofilms had significant down-regulations of S. mutans gtfD and atpD genes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nystatin application altered the formation and characteristics of C. albicans and S. mutans duo-species biofilms. Therefore, developing clinical regimens for preventing or treating dental caries from an antifungal perspective is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alomeir
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Yan Zeng
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Ahmed Fadaak
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and computational biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Hans Malmstrom
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA.
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Blostein F, Bhaumik D, Davis E, Salzman E, Shedden K, Duhaime M, Bakulski KM, McNeil DW, Marazita ML, Foxman B. Evaluating the ecological hypothesis: early life salivary microbiome assembly predicts dental caries in a longitudinal case-control study. Microbiome 2022; 10:240. [PMID: 36567334 PMCID: PMC9791751 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC)-dental caries (cavities) occurring in primary teeth up to age 6 years-is a prevalent childhood oral disease with a microbial etiology. Streptococcus mutans was previously considered a primary cause, but recent research promotes the ecologic hypothesis, in which a dysbiosis in the oral microbial community leads to caries. In this incident, density sampled case-control study of 189 children followed from 2 months to 5 years, we use the salivary bacteriome to (1) prospectively test the ecological hypothesis of ECC in salivary bacteriome communities and (2) identify co-occurring salivary bacterial communities predicting future ECC. RESULTS Supervised classification of future ECC case status using salivary samples from age 12 months using bacteriome-wide data (AUC-ROC 0.78 95% CI (0.71-0.85)) predicts future ECC status before S. mutans can be detected. Dirichlet multinomial community state typing and co-occurrence network analysis identified similar robust and replicable groups of co-occurring taxa. Mean relative abundance of a Haemophilus parainfluenzae/Neisseria/Fusobacterium periodonticum group was lower in future ECC cases (0.14) than controls (0.23, P value < 0.001) in pre-incident visits, positively correlated with saliva pH (Pearson rho = 0.33, P value < 0.001) and reduced in individuals who had acquired S. mutans by the next study visit (0.13) versus those who did not (0.20, P value < 0.01). In a subset of whole genome shotgun sequenced samples (n = 30), case plaque had higher abundances of antibiotic production and resistance gene orthologs, including a major facilitator superfamily multidrug resistance transporter (MFS DHA2 family PBH value = 1.9 × 10-28), lantibiotic transport system permease protein (PBH value = 6.0 × 10-6) and bacitracin synthase I (PBH value = 5.6 × 10-6). The oxidative phosphorylation KEGG pathway was enriched in case plaque (PBH value = 1.2 × 10-8), while the ABC transporter pathway was depleted (PBH value = 3.6 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS Early-life bacterial interactions predisposed children to ECC, supporting a time-dependent interpretation of the ecological hypothesis. Bacterial communities which assemble before 12 months of age can promote or inhibit an ecological succession to S. mutans dominance and cariogenesis. Intragenera competitions and intergenera cooperation between oral taxa may shape the emergence of these communities, providing points for preventive interventions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freida Blostein
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Deesha Bhaumik
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Elyse Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Elizabeth Salzman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Melissa Duhaime
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Kelly M. Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniel W. McNeil
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, WVA, Morgantown, USA
- Department of Dental Practice & Rural Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Ionescu AC, Hahnel S, Delvecchio P, Ilie N, Moldovan M, Zambelli V, Bellani G, Brambilla E. Microbiological models for accelerated development of secondary caries in vitro. J Dent 2022; 127:104333. [PMID: 36257513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of two in vitro microbiological models based on open and closed systems designed to obtain secondary caries in an accelerated and reproducible way. METHODS A conventional resin-based composite (RBC - Majesty ES-2; Kuraray, Japan) and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC - Ionolux; VOCO, Germany) were used to restore standardized class II cavities (n = 4/tooth, cervical margin in dentin) in 16 human molars. The ability to produce secondary caries with Streptococcus mutans biofilms was tested using either an open-cycle or closed-cycle bioreactor (n = 8 specimens/model). Specimens were scanned before and after the biofilm exposure using micro-CT (Skyscan 1176, 9 µm resolution, 80 kV, 300 mA). Image reconstruction was performed, and demineralization depths (µm) were evaluated at the restoration margins and a distance of 1.0 mm. RESULTS Dentin demineralization could be observed in all specimens, and enamel demineralization in 50% of the specimens. The open system bioreactor produced lesions with significantly higher overall demineralization depths (p < .001). However, demineralization depths at a 1.0 mm distance from the restoration margins showed no difference between open and closed systems or materials. In the open system, significantly lower demineralization depths were observed in proximity to RMGIC than RBC (p < .001), which was not significantly different in the closed system (p = .382). CONCLUSIONS Both systems produced in vitro secondary caries in an accelerated way. However, the open-cycle bioreactor system confirmed the caries-protective activity exerted by the RMGIC material in contrast to the RBC, better simulating materials' clinical behavior. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The possibility of obtaining accelerated and reproducible secondary caries development in vitro is fundamental in testing the behavior of conventional and yet-to-come restorative dental materials. Such systems can provide faster outcomes regarding the performance of dental restorative materials compared to clinical studies, notwithstanding the importance of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei C Ionescu
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Clinic of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Delvecchio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Raluca Ripan Institute of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vanessa Zambelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Eugenio Brambilla
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Koley D. Electrochemical sensors for oral biofilm-biomaterials interface characterization: A review. Mol Oral Microbiol 2022; 37:292-298. [PMID: 36300593 PMCID: PMC9759506 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Important processes related to the interaction of the oral microbiome with the tooth surface happen directly at the interface. For example, the chemical microenvironment that exists at the interface of microbial biofilms and the native tooth structure is directly involved in caries development. Consequentially, a critical understanding of this interface and its chemical microenvironment would provide novel avenues in caries prevention, including secondary caries that often occurs at the interface of the dental biofilm, tooth structure, and dental material. Electrochemical sensors are a unique quantitative tool and have the inherent advantages of miniaturization, stability, and selectivity. That makes the electrochemical sensors ideal tools for studying these critical biofilm microenvironments with high precision. This review highlights the development and applications of several novel electrochemical sensors such as pH, Ca2+ , and hydrogen peroxide sensors as scanning electrochemical microscope probes in addition to flexible pH wire sensors for real-time bacterial biofilm-dental surface and dental materials interface studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Koley
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Luo S, Feng C, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Yan C, Zhang X. Effect of Lemon Essential Oil Microemulsion on the Cariogenic Virulence Factor of Streptococcus mutans via the Glycolytic Pathway. Oral Health Prev Dent 2022; 20:355-362. [PMID: 36259438 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b3464891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of lemon essential oil products on dental caries prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lemon essential oil microemulsions (LEOM) with concentrations of 1/8 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 1/4 MIC, and 1/2 MIC were applied to S. mutans at concentrations of 0.2%, 1%, and 5% glucose, respectively. Changes in acid production capacity of S. mutans were measured based on changes in pH. The effect of the reductive coenzyme I oxidation method on LDH activity was examined. The effect of lemon essential oil microemulsion on the expression of the lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldh) was detected by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Lemon essential oil microemulsion at 1/2 MIC concentration reduced the environmental pH value at different glucose concentrations, compared to those observed in the control group (p < 0.05). LDH activity of S. mutans was decreased at three subinhibitory concentrations of lemon essential oil microemulsions (p < 0.05). The effect of lemon essential oil microemulsions on S. mutans LDH activity and bacterial acid production were positively correlated (r = 0.825, p < 0.05). Lemon essential oil microemulsion at 1/2 MIC concentration downregulated the expression of the ldh gene of S. mutans at different glucose concentrations (p < 0.05). In different glucose environments, lemon essential oil microemulsions at subminimum inhibitory concentrations can inhibit the acid production of S. mutans by reducing ldh expression and LDH activity in the glycolytic pathway, proving its anti-caries potential. CONCLUSIONS LEOM can effectively prevent dental caries and maintain the microecological balance of the oral environment.
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Ito T, Sims KR, Liu Y, Xiang Z, Arthur RA, Hara AT, Koo H, Benoit DSW, Klein MI. Farnesol delivery via polymeric nanoparticle carriers inhibits cariogenic cross-kingdom biofilms and prevents enamel demineralization. Mol Oral Microbiol 2022; 37:218-228. [PMID: 35859523 PMCID: PMC9529802 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are frequently detected together in the plaque from patients with early childhood caries (ECC) and synergistically interact to form a cariogenic cross-kingdom biofilm. However, this biofilm is difficult to control. Thus, to achieve maximal efficacy within the complex biofilm microenvironment, nanoparticle carriers have shown increased interest in treating oral biofilms in recent years. Here, we assessed the anti-biofilm efficacy of farnesol (Far), a hydrophobic antibacterial drug and repressor of Candida filamentous forms, against cross-kingdom biofilms employing drug delivery via polymeric nanoparticle carriers (NPCs). We also evaluated the effect of the strategy on teeth enamel demineralization. The farnesol-loaded NPCs (NPC+Far) resulted in a 2-log CFU/mL reduction of S. mutans and C. albicans (hydroxyapatite disc biofilm model). High-resolution confocal images further confirmed a significant reduction in exopolysaccharides, smaller microcolonies of S. mutans, and no hyphal form of C. albicans after treatment with NPC+Far on human tooth enamel (HT) slabs, altering the biofilm 3D structure. Furthermore, NPC+Far treatment was highly effective in preventing enamel demineralization on HT, reducing lesion depth (79% reduction) and mineral loss (85% reduction) versus vehicle PBS-treated HT, while NPC or Far alone had no differences with the PBS. The drug delivery via polymeric NPCs has the potential for targeting bacterial-fungal biofilms associated with a prevalent and costly pediatric oral disease, such as ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Sims
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenting Xiang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo A. Arthur
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anderson T. Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marlise I. Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim JW, Park JK, Garcia-Godoy F, Kwon YH. Evaluation of autofluorescence and image of oral pathogens and the tooth. Am J Dent 2022; 35:212-216. [PMID: 35986938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the applicability of autofluorescence (AF) spectrum and image in the detection and identification of oral pathogens. METHODS Oral pathogens (Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans) and teeth were used. To induce AF, the 405 nm laser was used as a light source, and AF was obtained and observed using a spectrometer, fluorescence camera, and microscope, respectively. RESULTS The tested oral pathogens had similar spectral distributions, but their peak intensities and peak ratios were different. Their peak positions and spectral patterns were different from those of the tested sound and carious teeth. These differences were also found from the other referenced oral mucosa. Fluorescence image could localize the existence of oral bacteria. Oral pathogens could be imaged by fluorescence, but identification of each pathogen by image was not probable. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Oral pathogens can be observed and identified from the lesion if autofluorescence spectrum and fluorescence images are combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Wook Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kil Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong H Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Seoul, Korea,
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Al-Marzooq F, Al Kawas S, Rahman B, Shearston JA, Saad H, Benzina D, Weitzman M. Supragingival microbiome alternations as a consequence of smoking different tobacco types and its relation to dental caries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2861. [PMID: 35190583 PMCID: PMC8861055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of smoking different tobacco types on the supragingival microbiome and its relation to dental caries. Forty supragingival plaque samples were collected from smokers of a single tobacco type and non-smokers seeking treatment at the University Dental Hospital Sharjah, UAE. DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) was determined for all participants who were divided into two groups: no-low caries (NC-LC: DMFT = 0-4; n = 18) and moderate-high caries (MC-HC: DMFT = 5-20; n = 22). 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using third-generation sequencing with Nanopore technology. Microbiome composition and diversity were compared. Caries was most common among cigarette smokers. Supragingival microbiota were significantly altered among smokers of different tobacco types. In cigarette smokers, cariogenic bacteria from genus Streptococcus (including S. mutans) were significantly more among subjects with NC-LC, while Lactobacilli (including L. fermentum) were more among subjects with MC-HC. In medwakh smokers, several periodontopathogens were significantly elevated in subjects with NC-LC, while other pathogenic bacteria (as Klebsiella pneumoniae) were more in those with MC-HC. Cigarette and alternative tobacco smoking had a significant impact on the supragingival microbiome. Indeed, further studies are required to unravel the consequences of oral dysbiosis triggered by smoking. This could pave the way for microbiota-based interventional measures for restoring a healthy oral microbiome which could be a promising strategy to prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Betul Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jenni A Shearston
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Hiba Saad
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalenda Benzina
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
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Jung HY, Cai JN, Yoo SC, Kim SH, Jeon JG, Kim D. Collagen Peptide in a Combinatorial Treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus Inhibits the Cariogenic Properties of Streptococcus mutans: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031860. [PMID: 35163782 PMCID: PMC8837136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is caused by the formation of cariogenic biofilm, leading to localized areas of enamel demineralization. Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic pathogen, has long been considered as a microbial etiology of dental caries. We hypothesized that an antagonistic approach using a prebiotic collagen peptide in combination with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus would modulate the virulence of this cariogenic biofilm. In vitro S. mutans biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs, and the inhibitory effect of a combination of L. rhamnosus and collagen peptide on S. mutans biofilms were evaluated using microbiological, biochemical, confocal imaging, and transcriptomic analyses. The combination of L. rhamnosus with collagen peptide altered acid production by S. mutans, significantly increasing culture pH at an early stage of biofilm formation. Moreover, the 3D architecture of the S. mutans biofilm was greatly compromised when it was in the presence of L. rhamnosus with collagen peptide, resulting in a significant reduction in exopolysaccharide with unstructured and mixed bacterial organization. The presence of L. rhamnosus with collagen peptide modulated the virulence potential of S. mutans via down-regulation of eno, ldh, and atpD corresponding to acid production and proton transportation, whereas aguD associated with alkali production was up-regulated. Gly-Pro-Hyp, a common tripeptide unit of collagen, consistently modulated the cariogenic potential of S. mutans by inhibiting acid production, similar to the bioactivity of a collagen peptide. It also enhanced the relative abundance of commensal streptococci (S. oralis) in a mixed-species biofilm by inhibiting S. mutans colonization and dome-like microcolony formation. This work demonstrates that food-derived synbiotics may offer a useful means of disrupting cariogenic communities and maintaining microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Jung
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-N.C.); (J.-G.J.)
| | - Jian-Na Cai
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-N.C.); (J.-G.J.)
| | - Sung Chul Yoo
- Vixxol Corporation, Gunpo 15807, Korea; (S.C.Y.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Seon-Hwa Kim
- Vixxol Corporation, Gunpo 15807, Korea; (S.C.Y.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Gyu Jeon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-N.C.); (J.-G.J.)
- Institute of Medical Information Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-N.C.); (J.-G.J.)
- Institute of Medical Information Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence:
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