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Veenman F, van Dijk A, Arredondo A, Medina-Gomez C, Wolvius E, Rivadeneira F, Àlvarez G, Blanc V, Kragt L. Oral microbiota of adolescents with dental caries: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105933. [PMID: 38447351 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents. DESIGN An electronic search was carried out across five databases. Studies were included if they conducted research on generally healthy adolescents, applied molecular-based microbiological analyses and assessed caries status. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied for quality assessment. RESULTS In total, 3935 records were reviewed which resulted in a selection of 20 cross-sectional studies (published 2005-2022) with a sample size ranging from 11 to 614 participants including adolescents between 11 and 19 years. The studies analyzed saliva, dental biofilm or tongue swabs with Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, (q)PCR or Next-Generation Sequencing methods. Prevotella denticola, Scardoviae Wiggsiae, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans were the most frequently reported species presenting higher abundance in adolescents with caries. The majority of the studies reported that the microbial diversity was similar between participants with and without dental caries. CONCLUSION This systematic review is the first that shows how the oral microbiota composition in adolescents appears to differ between those with and without dental caries, suggesting certain taxa may be associated with increased caries risk. However, there is a need to replicate and expand these findings in larger, longitudinal studies that also focus on caries severity and take adolescent-specific factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francien Veenman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Anne van Dijk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eppo Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lea Kragt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Blasi G, Chierico F, Amerio E, Àlvarez G, Isabal S, Arredondo A, Blanc V, Nart J, Monje A. Influence of keratinized mucosa width on the resolution of peri-implant mucositis: A prospective cohort study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024. [PMID: 38426741 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of peri-implant diseases, driven by biofilm accumulation and influenced by factors such as the width of keratinized mucosa (KM), underscores the need for understanding their etiology and management. PURPOSE To evaluate the association between the KM width and the clinical resolution of peri-implant mucositis after mechanical therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with an implant diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis were allocated to two groups: wide band of KM (WKM ≥ 2 mm) and narrow/no band of KM (NKM < 2 mm). Data and submucosa biofilm were collected at baseline and at 8, 12, and 24 weeks after nonsurgical therapy. A Brunner-Langer model was estimated for longitudinal data to evaluate and compare changes in any clinical parameter throughout follow-up between both groups. Furthermore, the microbial profiles were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS A total of 38 implants were analyzed. At 24 weeks, bleeding on probing was substantially reduced in both groups, reaching statistical significance (p < 0.001). Treatment resulted in 23.9% less effective in achieving success for NKM. As such, NKM reduced the odds of disease resolution by 80% compared to WKM. The rest of the explored clinical parameters yielded more favorable outcomes for WKM versus NKM. Neither the alpha nor the beta diversity of the microbial profiles were significantly modulated by KM. CONCLUSIONS KM width influences the clinical resolution of peri-implant mucositis after mechanical therapy (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04874467?cond=keratinized%20mucosa&rank=8, NCT04874467, 04/30/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Blasi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Francesco Chierico
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ettore Amerio
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sergio Isabal
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Monje
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Arredondo A, Àlvarez G, Isabal S, Teughels W, Laleman I, Contreras MJ, Isbej L, Huapaya E, Mendoza G, Mor C, Nart J, Blanc V, León R. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing study of subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from four different countries. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1176-1187. [PMID: 37246304 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the differences between the subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects (HS) and periodontitis patients (PP) from four different countries through a metagenomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgingival samples were obtained from subjects from four different countries. Microbial composition was analysed through high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The country of origin, diagnosis and clinical and demographic variables of the subjects were used to analyse the microbial profiles. RESULTS In total, 506 subgingival samples were analysed: 196 from HS and 310 from patients with periodontitis. Differences in richness, diversity and microbial composition were observed when comparing samples pertaining to different countries of origin and different subject diagnoses. Clinical variables, such as bleeding on probing, did not significantly affect the bacterial composition of the samples. A highly conserved core of microbiota associated with periodontitis was detected, while the microbiota associated with periodontally HS was much more diverse. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal diagnosis of the subjects was the main variable explaining the composition of the microbiota in the subgingival niche. Nevertheless, the country of origin also had a significant impact on the microbiota and is therefore an important factor to consider when describing subgingival bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Isabal
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M J Contreras
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Isbej
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Huapaya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - G Mendoza
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania, School of dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R León
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
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Vilarrasa J, Àlvarez G, Soler-Ollé A, Gil J, Nart J, Blanc V. Bacterial Adhesion of TESPSA and Citric Acid on Different Titanium Surfaces Substrate Roughness: An In Vitro Study with a Multispecies Oral Biofilm Model. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4592. [PMID: 37444905 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study analyzed the influence of substrate roughness on biofilm adhesion and cellular viability over triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride silane (TESPSA)- and citric acid (CA)-coated surfaces at 12 and 24 h, respectively. A multispecies biofilm composed of S. oralis, A. naslundii, V. parvula, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis and F. alocis was developed over titanium discs grouped depending on their roughness (low, medium, high) and antibacterial coating (low-TESPSA, medium-TESPSA, high-TESPSA, and CA). The biofilm was quantified by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viability PCR and assessed through confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Quantitative PCR revealed no significant differences in bacterial adhesion and biofilm mortality. CA was the surface with the lowest bacterial counts and highest mortality at 12 and 24 h, respectively, while high harbored the highest amount of biofilm at 24 h. By CLSM, CA presented significant amounts of dead cells compared to medium-TESPSA and high-TESPSA. A significantly greater volume of dead cells was found at 12 h in low-TESPSA compared to medium-TESPSA, while CA also presented significant amounts of dead cells compared to medium-TESPSA and high-TESPSA. With regard to the live/dead ratio, low-TESPSA presented a significantly higher ratio at 12 h compared to medium-TESPSA and high-TESPSA. Similarly, CA exhibited a significantly higher live/dead ratio compared to medium-TESPSA and high-TESPSA at 12 h. This multispecies in vitro biofilm did not evidence clear antiadhesive and bactericidal differences between surfaces, although a tendency to reduce adhesion and increase antibacterial effect was observed in the low-TESPSA and CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javi Vilarrasa
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Agnès Soler-Ollé
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Riveira-Muñoz E, Garcia-Vidal E, Bañó-Polo M, León R, Blanc V, Clotet B, Ballana E. Cetylpyridinium Chloride-Containing Mouthwashes Show Virucidal Activity against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. Viruses 2023; 15:1433. [PMID: 37515121 PMCID: PMC10383790 DOI: 10.3390/v15071433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is particularly susceptible to viral infections that are self-recovering in most cases. However, complications may appear in severe cases and/or immunocompromised subjects. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-containing mouthwashes are able to decrease the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by disrupting the integrity of the viral envelope. Here, we show that CPC, as the active ingredient contained in commercialized, exerts significant antiviral activity against enveloped viruses, such as HSV-1, but not against non-enveloped viruses, such as HPV. CPC-containing mouthwashes have been used as antiseptics for decades, and thus, they can represent a cost-effective measure to limit infection and spread of enveloped viruses infecting the oral cavity, aiding in reducing viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Riveira-Muñoz
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Edurne Garcia-Vidal
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Manuel Bañó-Polo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Ester Ballana
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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Miranda-Rius J, Brunet-Llobet L, Blanc V, Álvarez G, Moncunill-Mira J, Mashala EI, Kasebele Y, Masenga G, Nadal A, León R. Microbial profile of placentas from Tanzanian mothers with adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontitis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:772-785. [PMID: 34255399 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate microbial profiles in placentas from a population of East African mothers with and without adverse pregnancy outcomes and with regard to their periodontal status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six placentas from pregnant women from Tanzania were classified into three groups according to both pregnancy outcome and the mother's periodontal health. The microbial composition in each group was then compared using 16S rRNA metagenomics. Additionally, placenta specimens were analyzed histologically for chorioamnionitis by a single pathologist blinded to the clinical data. RESULTS The greatest differences were observed in the group of mothers with periodontitis. The microbial load was low in all three groups of mothers. Periodontitis had a notable influence on the structure of the placental microbiota. Three phyla and 44 genera were associated with periodontitis, whereas only the Tenericutes phylum was associated with the adverse pregnancy variable. Streptococcaceae and Mycoplasmataceae families were associated with both periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Finally, although the differences for chorioamnionitis were not significant, this intra-amniotic infection was more frequent in the placentas from mothers with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that bacteria from the oral cavity may involve the feto-placental unit, and that periodontitis may be a modulating factor of the microbial community present in this niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-Llobet
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Álvarez
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Moncunill-Mira
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias I Mashala
- Scholarship Programme for Young African Researchers, Doctoral Programme in Medicine and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Coimbra Group of Universities, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yona Kasebele
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gileard Masenga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Alfons Nadal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Parga A, Muras A, Otero-Casal P, Arredondo A, Soler-Ollé A, Àlvarez G, Alcaraz LD, Mira A, Blanc V, Otero A. The quorum quenching enzyme Aii20J modifies in vitro periodontal biofilm formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1118630. [PMID: 36816581 PMCID: PMC9932050 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1118630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have revealed the presence of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) quorum sensing (QS) signals in the oral environment. Yet, their role in oral biofilm development remains scarcely investigated. The use of quorum quenching (QQ) strategies targeting AHLs has been described as efficient for the control of pathogenic biofilms. Here, we evaluate the use of a highly active AHL-targeting QQ enzyme, Aii20J, to modulate oral biofilm formation in vitro. Methods The effect of the QQ enzyme was studied in in vitro multispecies biofilms generated from oral samples taken from healthy donors and patients with periodontal disease. Subgingival samples were used as inocula, aiming to select members of the microbiota of the periodontal pocket niche in the in vitro biofilms. Biofilm formation abilities and microbial composition were studied upon treating the biofilms with the QQ enzyme Aii20J. Results and Discussion The addition of the enzyme resulted in significant biofilm mass reductions in 30 - 60% of the subgingival-derived biofilms, although standard AHLs could not be found in the supernatants of the cultured biofilms. Changes in biofilm mass were not accompanied by significant alterations of bacterial relative abundance at the genus level. The investigation of 125 oral supragingival metagenomes and a synthetic subgingival metagenome revealed a surprisingly high abundance and broad distribution of homologous of the AHL synthase HdtS and several protein families of AHL receptors, as well as an enormous presence of QQ enzymes, pointing to the existence of an intricate signaling network in oral biofilms that has been so far unreported, and should be further investigated. Together, our findings support the use of Aii20J to modulate polymicrobial biofilm formation without changing the microbiome structure of the biofilm. Results in this study suggest that AHLs or AHL-like molecules affect oral biofilm formation, encouraging the application of QQ strategies for oral health improvement, and reinforcing the importance of personalized approaches to oral biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Parga
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Muras
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Otero-Casal
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unit of Oral Health, Santa Comba-Negreira, (CS) SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Agnès Soler-Ollé
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Luis D. Alcaraz
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Otero,
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Àlvarez G, Arredondo A, Isabal S, Teughels W, Laleman I, Contreras MJ, Isbej L, Huapaya E, Mendoza G, Mor C, Nart J, Blanc V, León R. Association of nine pathobionts with periodontitis in four South American and European countries. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2188630. [PMID: 36950255 PMCID: PMC10026778 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2188630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Our aim was to compare the prevalence and load of nine pathobionts in subgingival samples of healthy individuals and periodontitis patients from four different countries. Methods Five hundred and seven subgingival biofilm samples were collected from healthy subjects and periodontitis patients in Belgium, Chile, Peru and Spain. The prevalence and load of Eubacterium brachy, Filifactor alocis, Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Selenomonas sputigena, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema socranskii were measured by quantitative PCR. Results The association with periodontitis of all species, except for T. socranskii, was confirmed in all countries but Peru, where only P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis and T. denticola were found to be significantly associated. Moreover, most species showed higher loads at greater CAL and PPD, but not where there was BOP. Through Principal Component Analysis, samples showed clearly different distributions by diagnosis, despite observing a smaller separation in Peruvian samples. Conclusions Unlike prevalence, relative load was found to be a reliable variable to discriminate the association of the species with periodontitis. Based on this, F. alocis, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia may be biomarkers of disease in Belgium, Chile and Spain, due to their significantly higher abundance in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sergio Isabal
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - María José Contreras
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Isbej
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Huapaya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Gerardo Mendoza
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania, School of dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carolina Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CONTACT Rubén León Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Ronda Can Fatjó no. 10, 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Àlvarez G, Soler-Ollé A, Isabal S, León R, Blanc V. Bacterial decontamination of toothbrushes by immersion in a mouthwash containing 0.05% chlorhexidine and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 21:357-364. [PMID: 36524318 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toothbrushes are colonized by microorganisms, implying a risk of infection. That risk can be reduced by decreasing the microbial contamination of the filaments. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antiseptic efficacy of a 0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash on toothbrushes. METHODS A total of twelve toothbrushes used three times/day for 14 days by orally and systemically healthy people were randomly split into two groups, and their heads were immersed for 2 h in PBS (control) or Perio·Aid Active Control (treatment). The microorganisms were recovered, and their number was calculated by culture, quantitative PCR, and viability PCR. Statistical differences were first assessed with a two-way mixed ANOVA and subsequently with Student's t-test. RESULTS The results showed no statistical differences in the total number of cells for the treatment (mean ± CI95% of 7.27 ± 1.09 log10 bacteria/ml) and the control (7.62 ± 0.64 log10 bacteria/ml) groups, but a significantly lower number of live cells in the treatment group (4.58 ± 0.61 log10 viable bacteria/ml and 2.15 ± 1.42 log10 cfu/ml) than in the control group (6.49 ± 1.39 log10 viable bacteria/ml and 5.04 ± 0.93 log10 cfu/ml). CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, sanitization of toothbrushes with this mouthwash reduces the number of live microorganisms adhered to the filaments. Such decrease of the bacterial load could include bacteria from the oral cavity, from the environment, and from nearby toothbrushes since the quantification was not limited to any bacterial taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Agnès Soler-Ollé
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sergio Isabal
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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10
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Alemany A, Perez-Zsolt D, Raïch-Regué D, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Ouchi D, Laporte-Villar C, Baro B, Henríquez N, Prat N, Gianinetto MO, Gutiérrez MV, Sánchez-Paniagua MG, Henríquez NL, Vicente JM, Ara J, Rodriguez-Arias MA, Puig J, Blanco I, Lopez CC, Hernández Á, Bordoy AE, Redondo CE, Soler VG, Giménez M, Blanc V, León R, Gispert J, Clotet B, Izquierdo-Useros N, Mitjà O. Cetylpyridinium Chloride Mouthwash to Reduce Shedding of Infectious SARS-CoV-2: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1450-1456. [PMID: 35727681 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via respiratory fluids and droplets suggests that mouthwashes containing substances with virucidal activity can help reduce viral spread. We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to assess the virucidal activity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthwashes. Outpatients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection with or without symptoms were randomized to perform washes and gargles for 1 min with 15 mL of either colored distilled water or 0.07% CPC (Vitis CPC Protect) mouthwash. The study outcomes were the SARS-CoV-2 log10 viral RNA load and the nucleocapsid protein levels, both in saliva at 1 and 3 h after the intervention. In total, 118 patients were enrolled and randomized (mean [SD], age 46 [14] y). Thirteen of 118 participants (11%) did not complete follow-up or had insufficient sample volume for testing and were excluded from the analysis. The assessment of the viral load showed no significant differences between groups at any of the investigated points. However, the levels of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein of lysed viruses were significantly higher in the CPC group compared with the control group at 1 h (adjusted difference 269.3 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 97.1-441.5) and at 3 h postintervention (561.1 pg/mL; 95% CI, 380.0-742.2). In nonhospitalized patients with asymptomatic or mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, a 0.07% CPC mouthwash, compared to placebo, was associated with a significant increase of nucleocapsid protein levels in saliva, indicating enhanced disruption of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alemany
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - D Ouchi
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - B Baro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clinic Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Henríquez
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Prat
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ochoa Gianinetto
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Viaplana Gutiérrez
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - N Larrosa Henríquez
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Moreno Vicente
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ara
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Rodriguez-Arias
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - J Puig
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain
| | - I Blanco
- Metropolitana Nord Laboratory, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Spain
| | - C Casañ Lopez
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Á Hernández
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A E Bordoy
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Esteban Redondo
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V González Soler
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Giménez
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Blanc
- DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R León
- DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - J Gispert
- DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - B Clotet
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - N Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - O Mitjà
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Lihir Medical Centre, International SOS, Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea
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11
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Amerio E, Blasi G, Valles C, Blanc V, Àlvarez G, Arredondo A, Nart J, Monje A. Impact of smoking on peri-implant bleeding on probing. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2022; 24:151-165. [PMID: 35313069 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies around natural dentition demonstrated that smoking can reduce the tendency of inflamed tissue to bleed upon probing after controlling for possible confounders. In addition, previous research suggested that smokers may present alterations of the peri-implant microbiome. AIM This study aimed at investigating the impact of smoking on: (1) peri-implant bleeding on probing (BOP; primary objective); (2) the association between BOP/bone loss and BOP/visible gingival inflammation; (3) peri-implant microbiome. METHODS Partially edentulous patients with implants restored with a single crowns were included in this study. Subjects were either smokers (≥1 cigarettes per day) or nonsmokers (never smokers). The primary outcome of this cross-sectional study was BOP and secondary outcomes included: Probing pocket depth (PPD), Modified gingival Index (mGI) and Progressive Marginal Bone Loss. In addition, microbial profiles of the subjects were assessed through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Univariate and multilevel multivariate analyses by means of Generalized Estimating Equations were conducted to analyze the association between smoking and peri-implant BOP. RESULTS Overall, 27 nonsmokers and 27 smokers were included and 96.3% and 77.78% of patients presented peri-implant BOP in the nonsmoker and smoker group, respectively (p = 0.046). Smoking was inversely associated with BOP in the multivariate multilevel analysis (OR = 0.356; 95% CI: 0.193-0.660; p = 0.001) whereas a positive correlation was demonstrated for mGI > 0 (OR = 3.289; 95% CI: 2.014-5.371; p < 0.001); PPD (OR = 1.692; 95% CI: 0.263-0.883; p = 0.039) and gender (OR = 2.323; 95% CI: 1.310-4.120 p = 0.004). A decrease of BOP sensitivity in detecting visible gingival inflammation (mGI > 0) was observed in smokers. Besides, taxonomic and changes in diversity regarding the peri-implant microbiota were detected comparing the two groups. Significantly higher richness of the microbiota was demonstrated in the smoker group when implants affected by peri-implantitis were compared to either healthy implants or implants presenting mucositis. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is a potential modifier of BOP and peri-implant microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Amerio
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blasi
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Valles
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jose Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Monje
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Capeyron O, Squinazi F, Dumoulin P, Destras G, Dorin J, Dalmasso M, Nicot N, Liguori S, Blanc V. A simple method for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in the air of an enclosed space. J Hosp Infect 2021; 119:199-200. [PMID: 34547322 PMCID: PMC8450221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Capeyron
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier d'Antibes Juan les Pins, Antibes, France
| | - F Squinazi
- Haut Conseil de Santé Publique France, Paris, France
| | - P Dumoulin
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier d'Antibes Juan les Pins, Antibes, France
| | - G Destras
- Centre National de référence des virus des infections respiratoires Sud, Lyon, France
| | - J Dorin
- Service de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier d'Antibes Juan les Pins, Antibes, France
| | - M Dalmasso
- Service de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier d'Antibes Juan les Pins, Antibes, France
| | - N Nicot
- Service de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier d'Antibes Juan les Pins, Antibes, France
| | - S Liguori
- Service de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier d'Antibes Juan les Pins, Antibes, France
| | - V Blanc
- Service de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier d'Antibes Juan les Pins, Antibes, France.
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13
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Amate-Fernández P, Figueiredo R, Blanc V, Àlvarez G, León R, Valmaseda-Castellón E. Erythritol-enriched powder and oral biofilm regrowth on dental implants: an in vitro study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e602-e610. [PMID: 33772566 PMCID: PMC8412445 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are the main biological complications associated with dental implants. Since most authors agree that bacteria play a major etiological role, the main aims of this study were to determine if a formulation of erythritol and chlorhexidine applied with an air polishing system inhibits biofilm regrowth over dental implants and to compare the decontamination capacity of this therapy with that of mechanical removal by saline and gauze. Material and Methods A multispecies biofilm (P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, A. naeslundii, V. parvula and S. oralis) was grown for 14 days on 52 dental implants in an artificial mouth. These implants were divided into three groups according to the applied treatment: 14 negative control (CON), 19 erythritol-chlorhexidine (ERY) and 19 gauze with saline (GAU) samples. Twelve dental implants from the ERY and GAU groups and 8 implants from the CON group were re-incubated for 7 additional days after treatment. The bacterial count was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using propidium monoazide (PMA). A descriptive and bivariate analysis of the data was performed. Results The erythritol and chlorhexidine formulation significantly inhibited biofilm regrowth in comparison with the mechanical treatment (GAU), since a significant decrease in all the species was observed in the ERY group (except for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). The antibiofilm and antibacterial capacity of the two active treatment groups (ERY and GAU) was similar for a 14 days multispecies in vitro biofilm, except for the lower count of A. naeslundii in the GAU group. Conclusions The use of erythritol powder with chlorhexidine applied with an air polishing system reduces biofilm regrowth over dental implants when compared with mechanical removal by saline and gauze. This effect might be beneficial for patients included in peri-implant maintenance programs. Key words:Dental implants, biofilms, peri-implantitis, erythritol, chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Amate-Fernández
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona Campus de Bellvitge UB, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Odontologia C/ Feixa Llarga, s/n, Pavelló Govern, 2a planta, Despatx 2.9 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Perez-Zsolt D, León R, Blanc V, Raïch-Regué D, Cano-Sarabia M, Trinité B, Pradenas E, Blanco J, Gispert J, Clotet B, Izquierdo-Useros N. Mouthwashes with CPC Reduce the Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Variants In Vitro. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1265-1272. [PMID: 34282982 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211029269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mouthwashes decrease the infectivity of several respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2. However, the precise agents with antiviral activity in these oral rinses and their exact mechanism of action remain unknown. Here we show that cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound in many oral mouthwashes, reduces SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by inhibiting the viral fusion step with target cells after disrupting the integrity of the viral envelope. We also found that CPC-containing mouth rinses decreased more than a thousand times the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, while the corresponding vehicles had no effect. This activity was effective for different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the B.1.1.7 or Alpha variant originally identified in United Kingdom, and in the presence of sterilized saliva. CPC-containing mouth rinses could therefore represent a cost-effective measure to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in saliva, aiding to reduce viral transmission from infected individuals regardless of the variants they are infected with.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R León
- Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - V Blanc
- Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - M Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC, and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - B Trinité
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - E Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - J Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - J Gispert
- Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - B Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - N Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
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15
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Arredondo A, Blanc V, Mor C, Nart J, León R. Tetracycline and multidrug resistance in the oral microbiota: differences between healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis in Spain. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 13:1847431. [PMID: 33391624 PMCID: PMC7717685 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1847431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is widely found even among bacterial populations not having been exposed to selective pressure by antibiotics, such as tetracycline. In this study we analyzed the tetracycline-resistant subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects and of patients with periodontitis, comparing the prevalence of tet genes and their multidrug resistance profiles. Methods: Samples from 259 volunteers were analyzed, obtaining 813 tetracycline-resistant isolates. The prevalence of 12 antibiotic resistance genes was assessed, and multidrug profiles were built. Each isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Differences in qualitative data and quantitative data were evaluated using the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney-U test, respectively. Results: tet(M) was the most frequently detected tet gene (52.03%). We observed significant differences between the prevalence of tet(M), tet(W), tet(O), tet(32) and tet(L) in both populations studied. Multidrug resistance was largely observed, with resistance to kanamycin being the most detected (83.64%). There were significant differences between the populations in the prevalence of kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime resistance. Resistant isolates showed significantly different prevalence between the two studied groups. Conclusion: The high prevalence of multidrug resistance and tetracycline resistance genes found in the subgingival microbiota, highlights the importance of performing wider and more in-depth analysis of antibiotic resistance in the oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain.,Departament De Genètica I Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carolina Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
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16
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Muras A, Otero-Casal P, Blanc V, Otero A. Acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing in the oral cavity: a paradigm revisited. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9800. [PMID: 32555242 PMCID: PMC7300016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), the quorum sensing (QS) signals produced by Gram-negative bacteria, are currently considered to play a minor role in the development of oral biofilm since their production by oral pathogens has not been ascertained thus far. However, we report the presence of AHLs in different oral samples and their production by the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. The importance of AHLs is further supported by a very high prevalence of AHL-degradation capability, up to 60%, among bacteria isolated from dental plaque and saliva samples. Furthermore, the wide-spectrum AHL-lactonase Aii20J significantly inhibited oral biofilm formation in different in vitro biofilm models and caused important changes in bacterial composition. Besides, the inhibitory effect of Aii20J on a mixed biofilm of 6 oral pathogens was verified using confocal microscopy. Much more research is needed in order to be able to associate specific AHLs with oral pathologies and to individuate the key actors in AHL-mediated QS processes in dental plaque formation. However, these results indicate a higher relevance of the AHLs in the oral cavity than generally accepted thus far and suggest the potential use of inhibitory strategies against these signals for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Muras
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Otero-Casal
- Departamento de Ciruxía e Especialidade Médico-Cirúrxica, Facultade de Medicina e Odontoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unit of Oral Health, C.S. Santa Comba-Negreira, SERGAS, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Dentaid S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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17
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Arredondo A, Blanc V, Mor C, Nart J, León R. Resistance to β-lactams and distribution of β-lactam resistance genes in subgingival microbiota from Spanish patients with periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:4639-4648. [PMID: 32495224 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of β-lactamase genes and the multidrug resistance profiles in β-lactam-resistant subgingival bacteria from patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgingival samples were obtained from 130 Spanish patients with generalized periodontitis stage III or IV. Samples were grown on agar plates with amoxicillin or cefotaxime and incubated in anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions. Isolates were identified to the species level by the sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene. A screening for the following β-lactamase genes was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique: blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaCfxA, blaCepA, blaCblA, and blaampC. Additionally, multidrug resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, erythromycin, and kanamycin was assessed, growing the isolates on agar plates with breakpoint concentrations of each antimicrobial. RESULTS β-lactam-resistant isolates were found in 83% of the patients. Seven hundred and thirty-seven isolates from 35 different genera were obtained, with Prevotella and Streptococcus being the most identified genera. blaCfxA was the gene most detected, being observed in 24.8% of the isolates, followed by blaTEM (12.9%). Most of the isolates (81.3%) were multidrug-resistant. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that β-lactam resistance is widespread among Spanish patients with periodontitis. Furthermore, it suggests that the subgingival commensal microbiota might be a reservoir of multidrug resistance and β-lactamase genes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Most of the samples yielded β-lactam-resistant isolates, and 4 different groups of bla genes were detected among the isolates. Most of the isolates were also multidrug-resistant. The results show that, although β-lactams may still be effective, their future might be hindered by the presence of β-lactam-resistant bacteria and the presence of transferable bla genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carolina Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Arredondo A, Àlvarez G, Nart J, Mor C, Blanc V, León R. Detection and expression analysis of tet(B) in Streptococcus oralis. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1643204. [PMID: 31448060 PMCID: PMC6691830 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1643204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline resistance can be achieved through tet genes, which code for efflux pumps, ribosomal protection proteins and inactivation enzymes. Some of these genes have only been described in either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. This is the case of tet(B), which codes for an efflux pump and, so far, had only been found in Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, tet(B) was detected in two clinical Streptococcus oralis strains isolated from the gingival sulci of two subjects. In both cases, the gene was completely sequenced, yielding 100% shared identity and coverage with other previously published sequences of tet(B). Moreover, we studied the expression of tet(B) using RT-qPCR in the isolates grown with and without tetracycline, detecting constitutive expression in only one of the isolates, with no signs of expression in the other one. This is the first time that the presence and expression of the tet(B) gene has been confirmed in Gram-positive bacteria, which highlights the potential of the genus Streptococcus to become a reservoir and a disseminator of antibiotic resistance genes in an environment so prone to horizontal gene transfer as is the oral biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Cortés-Acha B, Figueiredo R, Blanc V, Soler-Ollé A, León R, Valmaseda-Castellón E. Development and viability of biofilms grown on experimental abutments mimicking dental implants: An in vivo model. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e511-e517. [PMID: 31232384 PMCID: PMC6667012 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether an experimental abutment mimicking the macro- and microstructure of a dental implant is a suitable method for recovering biofilm, and to describe the features of biofilms formed around such abutments on healthy implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental abutments were used in 15 patients without peri-implant diseases. After 14 days' absence of dental hygiene in this area, the abutments were retrieved and analyzed through confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The biofilm formation on the surface of the first 5 abutments was determined by a fluorescence-staining method using SYTO9 nucleic acid stain. In order to study the biofilm's coverage and vitality, 10 additional abutments were assessed using live & dead bacterial viability. Descriptive and bivariate analyses of the data were performed. RESULTS A global plaque coverage of the abutments was observed in all cases. The submucosal area of the abutment was mostly covered with biofilm (over 21%). Moreover, significant differences between supra- and subgingival locations were detected. CONCLUSIONS This in vivo experimental model allows detailed observation of the extensive plaque growth found on exposed experimental abutments mimicking dental implants when hygiene measures are absent. The biofilm coverage is significantly higher in the supragingival zone than in the subgingival portion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cortés-Acha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge UB, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut (Odontologia), C/ Feixa Llarga, s/n; Pavelló Govern, 2 planta, Despatx 2.9, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona (Spain),
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20
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Arredondo A, Blanc V, Mor C, Nart J, León R. Azithromycin and erythromycin susceptibility and macrolide resistance genes in Prevotella from patients with periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2019; 25:860-867. [PMID: 30667163 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study oral Prevotella spp. isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis, to determine their susceptibility to azithromycin and erythromycin and to screen the presence of macrolide resistance genes therein. MATERIAL AND METHODS Isolates with a Prevotella-like morphology were obtained from subgingival samples of 52 patients with chronic periodontitis. Each isolate was identified to the species level by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In 100 Prevotella spp. isolates, azithromycin and erythromycin susceptibility was determined using the E test method, and the screening of erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), erm(G), erm(Q) and mef(A) genes was done by PCR. RESULTS Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens were the most identified species (33% each). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranges for both antibiotics were 0.016/0.032 to >256 μg/ml. MIC50 values for azithromycin and erythromycin were 1.5 and 1 μg/ml, respectively, and MIC90 values were >256 μg/ml for both antibiotics. Nineteen per cent of the isolates carried erm(B), and 51% carried erm(F). CONCLUSIONS The MIC values found were high compared to previous studies. erm(F) was greatly prevalent, and we describe for the first time the erm(B) gene in Prevotella spp. The presence of either of the genes seems to be associated with a higher degree of resistance to azithromycin and erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carolina Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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21
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Vilarrasa J, Delgado LM, Galofré M, Àlvarez G, Violant D, Manero JM, Blanc V, Gil FJ, Nart J. In vitro evaluation of a multispecies oral biofilm over antibacterial coated titanium surfaces. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2018; 29:164. [PMID: 30392142 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is an infectious disease that affects the supporting soft and hard tissues around dental implants and its prevalence is increasing considerably. The development of antibacterial strategies, such as titanium antibacterial-coated surfaces, may be a promising strategy to prevent the onset and progression of peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to quantify the biofilm adhesion and bacterial cell viability over titanium disc with or without antibacterial surface treatment. Five bacterial strains were used to develop a multispecies oral biofilm. The selected species represent initial (Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces viscosus), early (Veillonella parvula), secondary (Fusobacterium nucleatum) and late (Porphyromonas gingivalis) colonizers. Bacteria were sequentially inoculated over seven different types of titanium surfaces, combining different roughness level and antibacterial coatings: silver nanoparticles and TESPSA silanization. Biofilm formation, cellular viability and bacterial quantification over each surface were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and real time PCR. Biofilm formation over titanium surfaces with different bacterial morphologies could be observed. TESPSA was able to significantly reduce the cellular viability when compared to all the surfaces (p < 0.05). Silver deposition on titanium surface did not show improved results in terms of biofilm adhesion and cellular viability when compared to its corresponding non-coated surface. The total amount of bacterial biofilm did not significantly differ between groups (p > 0.05). TESPSA was able to reduce biofilm adhesion and cellular viability. However, silver deposition on titanium surface seemed not to confer these antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javi Vilarrasa
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Av. Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis M Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Av. Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Galofré
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Av. Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Dentaid S.L., Ronda Can Fatjò 10, Parc Tecnològic del Vallès, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Violant
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Cataluny, Av. Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Manero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Dentaid S.L., Ronda Can Fatjò 10, Parc Tecnològic del Vallès, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Gil
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Cataluny, Av. Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Av. Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Barcelona, Spain.
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Roger P, Dubuis-Gourdange P, Sindt A, Blanc V, Dorin J, Riffaud K, Weiss N. Approche syndromique pour le diagnostic de gastro-entérite : évaluation du panel PCR Multiplex FilmArray® GE, BioMérieux dans un hôpital général. Med Mal Infect 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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23
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San-Martín A, Bacho M, Núñez S, Rovirosa J, Soler A, Blanc V, León R, Olea AF. A NOVEL NORMULINANE ISOLATED FROM Azorella compacta AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY. J Chil Chem Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-97072018000304082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Weiss N, Amrane H, Francois A, Roger P, Denis E, Liguori S, Comte B, Vassallo M, Blanc V. Évolution de la conformité de l’antibiothérapie des infections urinaires communautaires à Escherichia coli multi-sensible en ville : place de l’antibiogramme ciblé ? Med Mal Infect 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bouskine A, Khalfi A, Haas H, Roger P, Blanc V, Réso-infectio-paca-est L. Pyélonéphrites aiguë de l’enfant à entérobactéries productrices de bêtalactamase à spectre étendu dans le Sud-Est de la France. Med Mal Infect 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.03.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Puertas A, Magan-Fernandez A, Blanc V, Revelles L, O'Valle F, Pozo E, León R, Mesa F. Association of periodontitis with preterm birth and low birth weight: a comprehensive review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:597-602. [PMID: 28282773 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1293023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that six million perinatal deaths occur every year worldwide, with premature birth being the main cause. Scientific evidence has shown that there is an association between periodontal health during pregnancy and adverse outcomes of labor, although interventional studies based on the treatment of periodontitis have failed to document an impact on reducing the incidence of preterm birth (PB) or low birth weight (LBW). Two pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association. The direct pathway is based on the presence of gram-negative anaerobic bacteremia originating in the gingival biofilm, whereas the indirect pathway involves the production of pro-inflammatory markers which enter the bloodstream from the gingival submucosa. The result is the same: the development of an immune inflammatory response and/or the local suppression of growth factors in the fetal-placental unit, which in turn triggers labor. In the present review, we describe current concepts pertinent to PB and LBW, chronic and aggressive periodontitis, and the most frequent aspects of periodontal pathology during pregnancy. We evaluate the scientific evidence available to date, and offer a detailed description of the two pathways proposed to explain the association of maternal periodontitis with preterm and LBW delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Puertas
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Vanessa Blanc
- c Microbiology Laboratory, Dentaid Research Center , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura Revelles
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital , Granada , Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- d Pathology Department, School of Medicine , (IBIMER, CIBM) University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Elena Pozo
- b Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Ruben León
- c Microbiology Laboratory, Dentaid Research Center , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Francisco Mesa
- b Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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27
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Garcia-Hartmann M, Hennequin C, Catteau S, Béatini C, Blanc V. [Clusters of Fusarium solani infection in juvenile captive born Caretta caretta sea turtles]. J Mycol Med 2016; 27:113-118. [PMID: 28043787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Various yeasts and filamentous fungi are described as the cause of infection in sea turtles. Among them, Fusarium solani is responsible both for superficial and invasive infection in weakened adults (capture, stranding), and wild nest contamination, causing massive losses during hatching. We illustrate the pathogenicity of this fungus in sea turtles, through our experience with the species Caretta caretta (loggerhead turtle) and its reproduction, which was obtained for the first time in 2010 at the marine park Marineland, Antibes and renewed in 2011 and 2013. The first generation (6 viable newborns e.g. 0.9% of the nest) was severely affected by an infectious agent causing skin and multifocal organ lesions. Microbiological samples allowed to establish F. solani as the etiological agent. Antifungal therapy with posaconazole cured 2 (33%) of the brood. Epidemiological investigations, infection control and hygiene measures as well as diagnosis criteria, preemptive and curative treatment procedures allowed better prevention and cure and finally higher survival rates in subsequent broods, in 2011 and 2013 (80 viable newborns e.g. 6.6% of the nest and 50% survival rate). F. solani appears as a major threat for the successful reproduction of sea turtles in the wild. As observed, this threat is also of concern during captive breeding. The conditions of transmission and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. in these animals are discussed in light of the literature cases that occurred in adult sea turtles and in wild nests, and of our breeding experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garcia-Hartmann
- Centre de recherche pour la conservation, Marineland, 306, avenue Mozart, 06600 Antibes, France
| | - C Hennequin
- Service de parasitologie-mycologie, hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - S Catteau
- Fondation Marineland, 306, avenue Mozart, 06600 Antibes, France
| | - C Béatini
- Service de biologie, centre hospitalier d'Antibes, 107, avenue de Nice, 06600 Antibes, France
| | - V Blanc
- Service de biologie, centre hospitalier d'Antibes, 107, avenue de Nice, 06600 Antibes, France.
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El-Murr N, Nicolazzi C, Calvet L, Blot L, Lefebvre A, Theilhaber J, Zilocchi C, Demers B, Blanc V, Combeau C, Sidhu S, Chiron M, Henry C. Predictive biomarkers of response to the tubulin-binding agent DM4 in colorectal cancer preclinical models. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Blanc V, O'Valle F, Pozo E, Puertas A, León R, Mesa F. Oral bacteria in placental tissues: increased molecular detection in pregnant periodontitis patients. Oral Dis 2015; 21:905-12. [PMID: 26259070 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify the DNA of oral bacteria in placental samples from women with and without periodontitis who had or had not had preterm births and/or low birthweight (PB/LBW) neonates. METHODS Data were gathered from 57 puerperal women in relation to socio-demographic, gynaecological, and periodontal variables and to placental histomorphology. Fifty-seven biopsies, 28 from mothers with periodontitis, were taken aseptically from preterm placentas (n = 36) and from full-term placentas (n = 21). Total DNA was extracted, and the presence of 15 oral bacteria was assessed using Nested-PCR. RESULTS The placentas from women with periodontitis showed a higher prevalence of periodontopathogens compared to those from women without periodontitis (P = 0.009). Samples showed low prevalences of Actinomyces israelii, Parvimonas micra and Tannerella forsythia. An association was found between Eikenella corrodens in placenta and periodontitis (P = 0.002). The most ubiquitous bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, was more prevalent in mothers with periodontitis and PB/LBW (P = 0.033). Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were not detected. CONCLUSIONS These results, along with previous findings, show that oral bacteria may be normally present in the placenta, however, the levels of certain oral pathogens in the placenta would highly depend on the mother's periodontal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blanc
- Microbiology Laboratory, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F O'Valle
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E Pozo
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Puertas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - R León
- Microbiology Laboratory, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mesa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Roger PM, Tabutin J, Blanc V, Léotard S, Brofferio P, Léculé F, Redréau B, Bernard E. Prosthetic joint infection: A pluridisciplinary multi-center audit bridging quality of care and outcome. Med Mal Infect 2015; 45:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Roger PM, Blanc V, Keita-Perse O, Lieutier-Colas F. Politique nationale du bon usage antibiotique : plaidoyer pour une nouvelle stratégie. Med Mal Infect 2014; 44:489-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sánchez M, Llama-Palacios A, Fernández E, Figuero E, Marín M, León R, Blanc V, Herrera D, Sanz M. An in vitro biofilm model associated to dental implants: Structural and quantitative analysis of in vitro biofilm formation on different dental implant surfaces. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1161-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Liapis E, Pantel A, Robert J, Nicolas-Chanoine MH, Cavalié L, van der Mee-Marquet N, de Champs C, Aissa N, Eloy C, Blanc V, Guyeux C, Hocquet D, Lavigne JP, Bertrand X. Molecular epidemiology of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in France. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O1121-3. [PMID: 24942039 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We characterized 53 OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (OXA-48-Kp) isolated between 2011 and 2013 in 21 French hospitals. All the isolates were genotyped using MLST and PFGE and the population structure of the species was determined by a nucleotide-based analysis of the entire K. pneumoniae MLST database. Most of the OXA-48-Kp isolates also produced CTX-M-15 and remained susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. The isolates were distributed into 20 STs, of which five were dominant (ST15, ST101, ST147, ST395 and ST405). All the OXA-48-Kp clustered in the major clade of K. pneumoniae KpI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liapis
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Blanc V, Isabal S, Sánchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Herrera D, Sanz M, León R. Characterization and application of a flow system for in vitro
multispecies oral biofilm formation. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:323-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Blanc
- Department of Microbiology; DENTAID S. L.; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - S. Isabal
- Department of Microbiology; DENTAID S. L.; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - M. C. Sánchez
- ETEP Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | | | - D. Herrera
- ETEP Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Sanz
- ETEP Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - R. León
- Department of Microbiology; DENTAID S. L.; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
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Sánchez MC, Marín MJ, Figuero E, Llama-Palacios A, León R, Blanc V, Herrera D, Sanz M. Quantitative real-time PCR combined with propidium monoazide for the selective quantification of viable periodontal pathogens in an in vitro
subgingival biofilm model. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:20-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Sánchez
- Research Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | - M. J. Marín
- Research Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | - E. Figuero
- Research Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | - A. Llama-Palacios
- Research Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | | | | | - D. Herrera
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Disease Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | - M. Sanz
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Disease Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
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Àlvarez G, González M, Isabal S, Blanc V, León R. Method to quantify live and dead cells in multi-species oral biofilm by real-time PCR with propidium monoazide. AMB Express 2013; 3:1. [PMID: 23289803 PMCID: PMC3549832 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time PCR (qPCR) is a widely used technique in analysing environmental and clinical microbiological samples. However, its main limitation was its inability to discriminate between live and dead cells. Recently, propidium monoazide (PMA) together with qPCR has been used to overcome this problem, with good results for different bacterial species in different types of samples. Our objective was to implement this technique for analysing mortality in multi-species oral biofilms formed in vitro with five oral bacteria: Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. We also tested its effectiveness on biofilms treated with an antiseptic solution containing 0.07% w/w cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Standardisation of the qPCR-PMA method was performed on pure, heat-killed planktonic cultures of each species, detecting mortality higher than 4 log in S. oralis, S. gordonii and F. nucleatum and higher than 2 for V. parvula and P. intermedia. We obtained similar results for all species when using CPC. When we analysed biofilms with qPCR-PMA, we found that the mortality in the non-CPC treated multi-species biofilms was lower than 1 log for all species. After treatment with CPC, the viability reduction was higher than 4 log in S. oralis and S. gordonii, higher than 3 log in F. nucleatum and P. intermedia and approximately 2 in V. parvula. In short, we standardised the conditions for using qPCR-PMA in 5 oral bacterial species and proved its usefulness for quantification of live and dead cells in multi-species oral biofilms formed in vitro, after use of an antiseptic.
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Fabrizi S, León R, Blanc V, Herrera D, Sanz M. Variability of the fimA gene in Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e100-5. [PMID: 23229246 PMCID: PMC3548627 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the genetic variability of the fimA gene in Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates from Spanish patients.
Study Design: Pooled subgingival samples were taken, processed and cultured in non-selective blood agar medium. Pure cultures of one to six isolates per patient were obtained and PCR and PCR-RFLP were used for fimbrillin gene (fimA) type determination of the extracted genomic (DNA).
Results: Two hundred and twenty four Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates from 65 patients were analyzed consisting of 15 non-periodontitis patients (66 isolates) and 50 with periodontitis (158 isolates). Genotype II was the most prevalent (50.9%), while the other types of fimbriae did not exceed fifteen percent of prevalence. Isolates with types II and IV of fimbriae were significantly more prevalent in periodontitis patients than isolates with genotype I. Co-infection was observed in 17.65% of the patients analyzed.
Conclusion: The results suggest that in this population Porphyromonas gingivalis with type II of fimbriae are significantly more predominant in periodontitis patients than genotype I.
Key words:Fimbriae, genotype, porphyromonas gingivalis, periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fabrizi
- ETEP Research Group, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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Sánchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Marín MJ, Figuero E, León R, Blanc V, Herrera D, Sanz M. Validation of ATP bioluminescence as a tool to assess antimicrobial effects of mouthrinses in an in vitro subgingival-biofilm model. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e86-92. [PMID: 23229259 PMCID: PMC3548652 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method is an appropriate tool to assess the efficacy of antiseptic mouthrinses in terms of quantitative reductions of total viable microbial counts in mixed biofilm populations in vitro.
Study Design. Three mouthrinses, containing respectively, chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride (CHX/CPC), essential oils (EO) and amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AFSF), as well as Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) used as control, were tested in an in vitro static biofilm model by ATP bioluminescence and compared to culture method. Biofilms were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks for 72 hours and then exposed for 1 minute to the mouthrinse or control by immersion. The antibacterial effect of the rinses was tested by analysis of variance. The reliability of the ATP bioluminescence method was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficients when compared to the viable cell counts obtained by culture.
Results. Using ATP bioluminescence, the antimicrobial activity of the tested mouthrinses was demonstrated when compared to the PBS control. The ATP bioluminescence values were significantly correlated (0.769, p<0.001) to the viable cell counts. CHX/CPC and AFSF showed similar antimicrobial activity, although AFSF had a less homogeneous effect, being both more effective than the EO rinse.
Conclusion. ATP bioluminescence viability testing may be considered a useful tool to assess the in vitro efficacy of antibacterial compounds. In the proposed model, CHX/CPC and AFSF containing mouthrinses demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity, as compared to EO rinses, in a multispecies biofilm model.
Key words:Biofilm, ATP bioluminescence,mouthrinse, essential oils, chlorhexidine, amine fluoride/stannous fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Carmen Sánchez
- ETEP (Aetiology and Therapeutics of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
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Mesa F, Pozo E, Blanc V, Puertas A, Bravo M, O'Valle F. Are periodontal bacterial profiles and placental inflammatory infiltrate in pregnancy related to birth outcomes? J Periodontol 2012; 84:1327-36. [PMID: 23121458 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to determine whether periodontal clinical parameters, periodontal bacterial profiles, and inflammatory infiltrate in placental chorionic villi are associated with adverse pregnancy results. METHODS The authors designed an observational case-control study in 244 postpartum females: mothers with preterm/low-birth weight newborns (n = 91 cases) and mothers with full-term, normal-weight infants (n = 153 controls). Sociodemographic, gynecologic, and periodontal variables were gathered for all participants. Data on placental inflammatory infiltrate in biopsies from 68 cases and 65 controls and the gingival bacterial profile in mothers with periodontitis were gathered, detecting associations with bivariate analyses and constructing a multiple logistic regression model with the number of positive inflammatory cells as the dependent variable. RESULTS Periodontal values were significantly worse in cases versus controls. Numbers of leukocyte subsets per square millimeters in maternal and fetal vascular spaces were similar between cases and controls. CD45 in maternal placental space was related to the presence of periodontitis (P = 0.029) but not to case or control group (P = 0.264). The anaerobic and commensal bacterial profile in mothers with periodontitis was similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal disease was more severe and a periodontitis diagnosis more frequent in mothers with preterm or low-birth weight versus normal delivery. No differences in anaerobic or commensal bacterial profile were found between mothers with periodontitis in the two groups. Local placental factors, such as the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate and slightly higher expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the females with these adverse pregnancy outcomes, may be related to a subclinical proinflammatory status that could contribute to triggering premature labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mesa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Henry C, Geslin C, Blanchet A, Nicolazzi C, Garcia G, Vincent L, Blanc V, Tabah-Fisch I, Chiron M. 325 MM-121 (SAR256212), an Anti-ErbB3 Monoclonal Antibody, Shows Synergistic Tumor Growth Inhibition in Combination with a Pan-PI3K Inhibitor or a Microtubule Inhibitor Through ErbB3 Expression Modulation. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blanc
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Broussais, 96 rue Didot, 75674 Paris Cedex 14, France Institut du Coeur, Ho-Chi-Minh Ville, Vietnam Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
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Delaunay P, Hubiche T, Blanc V, Perrin Y, Marty P, Del Giudice P. Aedes albopictus en France métropolitaine. Réponses au pré-test. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anastay M, Lagier E, Blanc V, Chardon H. [Epidemiology of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae in a General Hospital, South of France, 1999-2007]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 61:38-43. [PMID: 22483784 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The global epidemiology of extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae has evolved in recent years with the emergence of a new type of ESBL: CTX-M, mainly in Escherichia coli. These CTX-M type producing Enterobacteriaceae are responsible for both nosocomial and, more recently, community infections, including urinary tract infections. The aim of our work is to study ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae evolution between 1999 and 2007 in the population from the Centre Hospitalier du Pays-d'Aix (CHPA), a general hospital from South of France. PATIENTS AND METHODS ESBL producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated in odd years between 1999 and 2007 from clinical isolates of all origins have been phenotypically identified and their ESBL genotyped. Molecular and epidemiological data from our hospital health-care associated infection committee were analyzed. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-two ESBL producing isolates were studied. Within ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacter aerogenes was predominant in 1999 (48.7% of isolates), and decreased to 18.8% of isolates in 2007. On the other hand, E. coli, which represented 10.5% of ESBL isolates in 1999, grew up to 37.5% of the isolates in 2007. ESBL prevalence in E. coli increased during this period from 0.3 to 2.5%. Simultaneously, ESBL, predominantly TEM-24 in 1999, were replaced by CTX-M in 2007, among which CTX-M-15 is predominant (88% of CTX-M). CONCLUSION Our study confirms a major change in ESBL epidemiology in CHPA, with the emergence of CTX-M type ESBL, mainly CTX-M 15, and an increase of ESBL prevalence in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anastay
- Laboratoire, centre hospitalier du Paix-d'Aix, avenue des Tamaris, 13616 Aix-en-Provence cedex 1, France.
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Delaunay P, Hubiche T, Blanc V, Perrin Y, Marty P, Del Giudice P. [Aedes albopictus in metropolitan France]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 139:396-401; quiz 395, 402. [PMID: 22578347 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Delaunay
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Entomologie Médicale, Hôpital de l'Archet,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 151, Route Saint-Antoine-Ginestière, BP 3079, 06202 Nice cedex 03, France
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Blanc V, Nariculam J, Munson P, Freeman A, Klocker H, Masters J, Williamson M. A role for class 3 semaphorins in prostate cancer. Prostate 2011; 71:649-58. [PMID: 20949546 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class 3 semaphorins are secreted proteins that act as guidance cues for migrating cells via their transmembrane receptors plexins and neuropilins. Semaphorins have a role in cancer affecting tumor progression both directly, and indirectly by affecting angiogenesis. METHODS The expression of semaphorins and their receptors in prostate cancer cell lines and tissue was determined by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of Sema3E on prostate cancer cell lines was determined by adhesion assays and transwell migration assays. RESULTS Semaphorins and their receptors, plexins and neuropilins, are widely co-expressed in prostate cancer cell lines and tissue with a significant overexpression of Sema3E in tumor tissue. Sema3E affected integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin of prostate cancer cells, and inhibited their motility. Expression of Sema3C was upregulated and Sema3A and Sema3E were down regulated in prostate cells by hypoxia, consistent with an additional role for Sema3A and 3E as anti-angiogenic factors in prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Semaphorin 3E is aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer and affects adhesion and motility of prostate cancer cells, indicating a role for the Sema3E/PlexinD1 signaling pathway in prostate cancer and identifying a new possible target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blanc
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, UCL London, UK
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Sánchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Blanc V, León R, Herrera D, Sanz M. Structure, viability and bacterial kinetics of an in vitro biofilm model using six bacteria from the subgingival microbiota. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:252-60. [PMID: 21261622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There are few in vitro models available in the scientific literature for study of the structure, formation and development of the subgingival biofilm. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an in vitro biofilm model, using representative selected bacteria from the subgingival microbiota. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six standard reference strains were used to develop biofilms over sterile ceramic calcium hydroxyapatite discs coated with saliva within the wells of presterilized polystyrene tissue culture plates. The selected species represent initial (Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii), early (Veillonella parvula), secondary (Fusobacterium nucleatum) and late colonizers (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). The structure of the biofilm obtained was studied using a vital fluorescence technique in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The biofilm bacterial kinetics were studied by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS After 12 h, initial and early colonizers were the first microorganisms detected adhering to the calcium hydroxyapatite discs. The intermediate colonizer F. nucleatum was not detected in the model until 24 h of incubation. Late colonizers A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis could be measured inside the biofilm after 48 h. The biofilm reached its steady state between 72 and 96 h after inoculation, with bacterial vitality increasing from the hydroxyapatite surface to the central part of the biofilm. CONCLUSION An in vitro biofilm model was developed and validated, demonstrating a pattern of bacterial colonization and maturation similar to the in vivo development of the subgingival biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sánchez
- ETEP Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Del Giudice P, Bes M, Hubiche T, Roudière L, Blanc V, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Etienne J. Clinical manifestations and outcome of skin infections caused by the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone ST80-IV. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 25:164-9. [PMID: 20569290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several Panton-Valentin leukocidin-positive clones of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are spreading worldwide. The European clone ST80-IV is the main CA-MRSA clone in Europe. There is no reported study of the specific clinical manifestations and outcome of skin infections caused by the clone ST80-IV, using strict definitions of skin diseases. METHODS Single-centre observational prospective cohort of S. aureus skin infections caused by the clone ST80-IV. RESULTS From November 1999 to October 2009, we diagnosed skin infections due to the clone ST80-IV in 20 patients (median age 28 years, median 27; range 1-66). All the isolates had all the following characteristics: lukPV, etd and edin gene-positive, agr 3 allele, spa-type t044 and ST80. All the isolates were resistant to beta-lactam agents, kanamycin, tetracycline and fusidic acid. During the study period, the 20 patients had the following manifestations: 19 primary abscesses (18 single abscess and one patient with two), eight furuncles, four folliculitis, one case of cellulitis, one wound infection and one felon. Surgical treatment and drainage was required for all the primary abscesses. The infections occurred mainly in the perineal area (50%). No secondary infections occurred in family members. Despite strict hygiene measures, systemic antibiotics and nasal mupirocine, four patients (20%) had recurrent skin infections over a period of a few months to 6 years. CONCLUSIONS The CA-MRSA clone ST80-IV is responsible for suppurative skin infections such as furuncles and abscesses, which can recur over a period of several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Del Giudice
- Unité d'Infectiologie-Dermatologie, Hôpital Bonnet, Fréjus Université Lyon 1, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Lyon, France.
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Rieu P, Eloy O, Bertout S, Mallié M, Bain P, Blanc V. Sensibilité comparée par CLSI, EUCAST, E-test et ATB ® Fungus 2 des souches de Candida sp. isolées au cours d’une enquête épidémiologique sur les candidémies dans des hôpitaux non universitaires. J Mycol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Etienne P, Broferio P, Pulcini C, Blanc V, Labate C, Garbez E, Dellamonica P. COL3-04 Audit du chemin clinique des patients infectés au sein de 2 hôpitaux de la Communauté Inter-Hospitalière PACA-Est. Med Mal Infect 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(08)73024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Blanc V, Bohic JY, Lerousseau L, Del Giudice P, Rodríguez-Nava V, Boiron P. Nocardia spp. wound infection in a tsunami survivor from Thailand, 2004. J Mycol Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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