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Salvado R, Santos-Minguez S, Lugones-Sánchez C, Gonzalez-Sánchez S, Tamayo-Morales O, Quesada-Rico JA, Benito R, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Gómez-Marcos MA, Casado-Vicente V, Guimarães-Cunha P, Hernandez-Rivas JM, Mira A, García-Ortiz L. Gut microbiota and its relationship with early vascular ageing in a Spanish population (MIVAS study). Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14228. [PMID: 38655910 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota and its by-products are increasingly recognized as having a decisive role in cardiovascular diseases. The aim is to study the relationship between gut microbiota and early vascular ageing (EVA). METHODS A cross-sectional study was developed in Salamanca (Spain) in which 180 subjects aged 45-74 years were recruited. EVA was defined by the presence of at least one of the following: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) or brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) above the 90th percentile of the reference population. All other cases were considered normal vascular ageing (NVA). MEASUREMENTS cf-PWV was measured by SphygmoCor® System; CAVI and ba-PWV were determined by Vasera 2000® device. Gut microbiome composition in faecal samples was determined by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. RESULTS Mean age was 64.4 ± 6.9 in EVA group and 60.4 ± 7.6 years in NVA (p < .01). Women in EVA group were 41% and 53% in NVA. There were no differences in the overall composition of gut microbiota between the two groups when evaluating Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio, alfa diversity (Shannon Index) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis). Bilophila, Faecalibacterium sp.UBA1819 and Phocea, are increased in EVA group. While Cedecea, Lactococcus, Pseudomonas, Succiniclasticum and Dielma exist in lower abundance. In logistic regression analysis, Bilophila (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.12-2.6, p = .013) remained significant. CONCLUSIONS In the studied Spanish population, early vascular ageing is positively associated with gut microbiota abundance of the genus Bilophila. No relationship was found between phyla abundance and measures of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Salvado
- Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Santos-Minguez
- Instituto de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Gonzalez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olaya Tamayo-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Quesada-Rico
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Sant Joan, D'Alacant, Spain
| | - Rocío Benito
- Instituto de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A Gómez-Marcos
- Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Verónica Casado-Vicente
- Centro de Salud Parquesol. Gerencia de Salud Valladolid Oeste, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Dermatología and Toxicología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Guimarães-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (IICVS) and School of Medicine, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of arterial Hypertension and cardiovascular Risk, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jesús M Hernandez-Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Departamento de Salud y Genómica, Fundación FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Centro de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Buetas E, Jordán-López M, López-Roldán A, D'Auria G, Martínez-Priego L, De Marco G, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing by PacBio improves taxonomic resolution in human microbiome samples. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:310. [PMID: 38528457 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequencing variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene (≃300 bp) with Illumina technology is commonly used to study the composition of human microbiota. Unfortunately, short reads are unable to differentiate between highly similar species. Considering that species from the same genus can be associated with health or disease it is important to identify them at the lowest possible taxonomic rank. Third-generation sequencing platforms such as PacBio SMRT, increase read lengths allowing to sequence the whole gene with the maximum taxonomic resolution. Despite its potential, full length 16S rRNA gene sequencing is not widely used yet. The aim of the current study was to compare the sequencing output and taxonomic annotation performance of the two approaches (Illumina short read sequencing and PacBio long read sequencing of 16S rRNA gene) in different human microbiome samples. DNA from saliva, oral biofilms (subgingival plaque) and faeces of 9 volunteers was isolated. Regions V3-V4 and V1-V9 were amplified and sequenced by Illumina Miseq and by PacBio Sequel II sequencers, respectively. RESULTS With both platforms, a similar percentage of reads was assigned to the genus level (94.79% and 95.06% respectively) but with PacBio a higher proportion of reads were further assigned to the species level (55.23% vs 74.14%). Regarding overall bacterial composition, samples clustered by niche and not by sequencing platform. In addition, all genera with > 0.1% abundance were detected in both platforms for all types of samples. Although some genera such as Streptococcus tended to be observed at higher frequency in PacBio than in Illumina (20.14% vs 14.12% in saliva, 10.63% vs 6.59% in subgingival plaque biofilm samples) none of the differences were statistically significant when correcting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS The results presented in the current manuscript suggest that samples sequenced using Illumina and PacBio are mostly comparable. Considering that PacBio reads were assigned at the species level with higher accuracy than Illumina, our data support the use of PacBio technology for future microbiome studies, although a higher cost is currently required to obtain an equivalent number of reads per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buetas
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Jordán-López
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Roldán
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D'Auria
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundació Per Al Foment de La Investigació Sanitària I Biomèdica de La Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain
| | - Llucia Martínez-Priego
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundació Per Al Foment de La Investigació Sanitària I Biomèdica de La Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain
| | - Griselda De Marco
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundació Per Al Foment de La Investigació Sanitària I Biomèdica de La Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain
| | | | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
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Buetas E, Jordán-López M, López-Roldán A, Mira A, Carda-Diéguez M. Impact of Periodontitis on the Leakage of Oral Bacteria to the Gut. J Dent Res 2024; 103:289-297. [PMID: 38193290 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231221709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and periodontitis have recently been related due to the higher incidence of CRC in periodontal patients and the involvement of periodontal pathogens in carcinogenesis, suggesting that leakage from the oral cavity to the gut occurs. However, the magnitude of this pass-through in healthy individuals is controversial, and the effect that periodontitis could play in it is understudied. To evaluate the rate of bacterial leakage from the oral cavity to the gut, we analyzed the microbial composition of saliva, subgingival plaque, and fecal samples in healthy individuals without gastrointestinal disorders, including 20 periodontitis patients and 20 oral healthy controls, using PacBio full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As expected, we observed a higher abundance of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque and saliva of periodontal patients. In contrast, no significant differences were found between the fecal samples of both groups, implying that gut samples from periodontal patients were not enriched in periodontal pathogens. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a biomarker of CRC, was not found in the fecal samples of any participant. Our study does show a small leakage of some oral bacteria (mainly streptococci) to the gut, regardless of periodontal health status. Future studies should test whether other host factors and/or the preexistence of a gut disorder must be present in addition to periodontitis to promote the colonization of the gut by oral pathogens. The absence of periodontal pathogens in feces supports the idea that these bacteria could be used as biomarkers of intestinal disorders, including CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buetas
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Jordán-López
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A López-Roldán
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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Rosier BT, Johnston W, Carda-Diéguez M, Simpson A, Cabello-Yeves E, Piela K, Reilly R, Artacho A, Easton C, Burleigh M, Culshaw S, Mira A. Publisher Correction: Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis: potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:8. [PMID: 38272860 PMCID: PMC10811215 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - William Johnston
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Annabel Simpson
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Elena Cabello-Yeves
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Reilly
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chris Easton
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Mia Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Rosier BT, Johnston W, Carda-Diéguez M, Simpson A, Cabello-Yeves E, Piela K, Reilly R, Artacho A, Easton C, Burleigh M, Culshaw S, Mira A. Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis: potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:1. [PMID: 38177101 PMCID: PMC10767001 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction of nitrate to nitrite by the oral microbiota has been proposed to be important for oral health and results in nitric oxide formation that can improve cardiometabolic conditions. Studies of bacterial composition in subgingival plaque suggest that nitrate-reducing bacteria are associated with periodontal health, but the impact of periodontitis on nitrate-reducing capacity (NRC) and, therefore, nitric oxide availability has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to evaluate how periodontitis affects the NRC of the oral microbiota. First, 16S rRNA sequencing data from five different countries were analyzed, revealing that nitrate-reducing bacteria were significantly lower in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals (P < 0.05 in all five datasets with n = 20-82 samples per dataset). Secondly, subgingival plaque, saliva, and plasma samples were obtained from 42 periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. The oral NRC was determined in vitro by incubating saliva with 8 mmol/L nitrate (a concentration found in saliva after nitrate-rich vegetable intake) and compared with the NRC of 15 healthy individuals. Salivary NRC was found to be diminished in periodontal patients before treatment (P < 0.05) but recovered to healthy levels 90 days post-treatment. Additionally, the subgingival levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria increased after treatment and correlated negatively with periodontitis-associated bacteria (P < 0.01). No significant effect of periodontal treatment on the baseline saliva and plasma nitrate and nitrite levels was found, indicating that differences in the NRC may only be revealed after nitrate intake. Our results suggest that an impaired NRC in periodontitis could limit dietary nitrate-derived nitric oxide levels, and the effect on systemic health should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - William Johnston
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Annabel Simpson
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Elena Cabello-Yeves
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Reilly
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chris Easton
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Mia Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Žiemytė M, Lopez-Roldan A, Carda-Diéguez M, Reglero-Santaolaya M, Rodriguez A, Ferrer MD, Mira A. Personalized antibiotic selection in periodontal treatment improves clinical and microbiological outputs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1307380. [PMID: 38179425 PMCID: PMC10765594 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1307380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated disease that is usually treated by non-surgical biofilm elimination with or without antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment in periodontal patients is typically selected empirically or using qPCR or DNA hybridization methods. These approaches are directed towards establishing the levels of different periodontal pathogens in periodontal pockets to infer the antibiotic treatment. However, current methods are costly and do not consider the antibiotic susceptibility of the whole subgingival biofilm. Methods In the current manuscript, we have developed a method to culture subgingival samples ex vivo in a fast, label-free impedance-based system where biofilm growth is monitored in real-time under exposure to different antibiotics, producing results in 4 hours. To test its efficacy, we performed a double-blind, randomized clinical trial where patients were treated with an antibiotic either selected by the hybridization method (n=32) or by the one with the best effect in the ex vivo growth system (n=32). Results Antibiotic selection was different in over 80% of the cases. Clinical parameters such as periodontal pocket depth, attachment level, and bleeding upon probing improved in both groups. However, dental plaque was significantly reduced only in the group where antibiotics were selected according to the ex vivo growth. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing showed a larger reduction in periodontal pathogens and a larger increase in health-associated bacteria in the ex vivo growth group. Discussion The results of clinical and microbiological parameters, together with the reduced cost and low analysis time, support the use of the impedance system for improved individualized antibiotic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Lopez-Roldan
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Reglero-Santaolaya
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Žiemytė M, Rodríguez-Díaz JC, Ventero-Martín MP, Mira A, Ferrer MD. Real-time monitoring of biofilm growth identifies andrographolide as a potent antifungal compound eradicating Candida biofilms. Biofilm 2023; 5:100134. [PMID: 37396463 PMCID: PMC10313501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida species cause life-threatening infections with high morbidity and mortality rates and their resistance to conventional therapy is closely linked to biofilm formation. Thus, the development of new approaches to study Candida biofilms and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies could yield improved clinical outcomes. In the current study, we have set up an impedance-based in vitro system to study Candida spp. biofilms in real-time and to evaluate their sensitivity to two conventional antifungal groups used in clinical practice - azoles and echinocandins. Both fluconazole and voriconazole were unable to inhibit biofilm formation in most strains tested, while echinocandins showed biofilm inhibitory capacity at relatively low concentrations (starting from 0.625 mg/L). However, assays performed on 24 h Candida albicans and C. glabrata biofilms revealed that micafungin and caspofungin failed to eradicate mature biofilms at all tested concentrations, evidencing that once formed, Candida spp. biofilms are extremely difficult to eliminate using currently available antifungals. We then evaluated the antifungal and anti-biofilm effect of andrographolide, a natural compound isolated from the plant Andrographis paniculata with known antibiofilm activity on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Optical density measures, impedance evaluation, CFU counts, and electron microscopy data showed that andrographolide strongly inhibits planktonic Candida spp. growth and halts Candida spp. biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner in all tested strains. Moreover, andrographolide was capable of eliminating mature biofilms and viable cell numbers by up to 99.9% in the C. albicans and C. glabrata strains tested, suggesting its potential as a new approach to treat multi-resistant Candida spp. biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan C Rodríguez-Díaz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - María P Ventero-Martín
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María D Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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Cabanero-Navalon MD, Garcia-Bustos V, Mira A, Moral Moral P, Salavert-Lleti M, Forner Giner MJ, Núñez Beltrán M, Todolí Parra J, Bracke C, Carda-Diéguez M. Dysimmunity in common variable immunodeficiency is associated with alterations in oral, respiratory, and intestinal microbiota. Clin Immunol 2023; 256:109796. [PMID: 37774905 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency characterized by decreased immunoglobulins and recurrent infections. Its aetiology remains unknown, and some patients present with severe non-infectious autoimmune or inflammatory complications with elevated associated morbimortality. Recently, intestinal dysbiosis has been proposed as a driver of immune dysregulation. In this study, we assessed the oral, respiratory, and gastrointestinal microbiota of 41 CVID patients (24 with dysimmune and 17 with infection complications) and 15 healthy volunteers using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore associations between microbiome profiles and CVID phenotypes. Profound differences in the composition of the microbiota in saliva, sputum, and stool were detected between dysimmune CVID patients and healthy individuals. Globally, respiratory species diversity and faecal bacterial richness were lower in CVID individuals with immune complications. Although a single species could not be identified as a robust predictor of dysimmunity, a combination of around 5-7 bacterial species in each type of sample could predict this severe phenotype with an accuracy of around 90% in the study population. Our study provides new insights into these previously unexplored but highly interrelated ecological niches among themselves and with patient profiles. Our data suggest that this disease-related systemic dysbiosis could be implicated in the immune dysregulation associated with severe cases of CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dafne Cabanero-Navalon
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Research Group of Chronic Diseases and HIV Infection, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Moral Moral
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Research Group of Chronic Diseases and HIV Infection, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Salavert-Lleti
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine of the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Núñez Beltrán
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Todolí Parra
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Research Group of Chronic Diseases and HIV Infection, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carme Bracke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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9
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Johnston W, Rosier BT, Carda-Diéguez M, Paterson M, Watson P, Piela K, Goulding M, Ramage G, Baranyia D, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN, Mira A, Culshaw S. Longitudinal changes in subgingival biofilm composition following periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1065-1077. [PMID: 36960491 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current periodontal treatment involves instrumentation using hand and/or ultrasonic instruments, which are used either alone or in combination based on patient and clinician preference, with comparable clinical outcomes. This study sought to investigate early and later changes in the subgingival biofilm following periodontal treatment, to identify whether these changes were associated with treatment outcomes, and to investigate whether the biofilm responded differently to hand compared with ultrasonic instruments. METHODS This was a secondary-outcome analysis of a randomized-controlled trial. Thirty-eight periodontitis patients received full-mouth subgingival instrumentation using hand (n = 20) or ultrasonic instrumentation (n = 18). Subgingival plaque was sampled at baseline and 1, 7, and 90 days following treatment. Bacterial DNA was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Periodontal clinical parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS Biofilm composition was comparable in both (hand and ultrasonics) treatment groups at all time points (all genera and species; p[adjusted] > 0.05). Large-scale changes were observed within groups across time points. At days 1 and 7, taxonomic diversity and dysbiosis were reduced, with an increase in health-associated genera including Streptococcus and Rothia equating to 30% to 40% of the relative abundance. When reassessed at day 90 a subset of samples reformed a microbiome more comparable with baseline, which was independent of instrumentation choice and residual disease. CONCLUSIONS Hand and ultrasonic instruments induced comparable impacts on the subgingival plaque microbiome. There were marked early changes in the subgingival biofilm composition, although there was limited evidence that community shifts associated with treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Johnston
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bob T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Genomics and Health, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Paterson
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paddy Watson
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marilyn Goulding
- Global Clinical Affairs, Dentsply Sirona, York, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Divyashri Baranyia
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nezar N Al-Hebshi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Periodontology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Conde-Pérez K, Buetas E, Aja-Macaya P, Martin-De Arribas E, Iglesias-Corrás I, Trigo-Tasende N, Nasser-Ali M, Estévez LS, Rumbo-Feal S, Otero-Alén B, Noguera JF, Concha Á, Pardiñas-López S, Carda-Diéguez M, Gómez-Randulfe I, Martínez-Lago N, Ladra S, Aparicio LA, Bou G, Mira A, Vallejo JA, Poza M. Parvimonas micra can translocate from the subgingival sulcus of the human oral cavity to colorectal adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37558206 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and intestinal samples from a cohort of 93 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls (non-CRC) were collected for microbiome analysis. Saliva (28 non-CRC and 94 CRC), feces (30 non-CRC and 97 CRC), subgingival fluid (20 CRC), and tumor tissue samples (20 CRC) were used for 16S metabarcoding and/or RNA sequencing (RNAseq) approaches. A differential analysis of the abundance, performed with the ANCOM-BC package, adjusting the P-values by the Holm-Bonferroni method, revealed that Parvimonas was significantly over-represented in feces from CRC patients (P-value < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. A total of 11 Parvimonas micra isolates were obtained from the oral cavity and adenocarcinoma of CRC patients. Genome analysis identified a pair of isolates from the same patient that shared 99.2% identity, demonstrating that P. micra can translocate from the subgingival cavity to the gut. The data suggest that P. micra could migrate in a synergistic consortium with other periodontal bacteria. Metatranscriptomics confirmed that oral bacteria were more active in tumor than in non-neoplastic tissues. We suggest that P. micra could be considered as a CRC biomarker detected in non-invasive samples such as feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Conde-Pérez
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Elena Buetas
- Genomic and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Aja-Macaya
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Elsa Martin-De Arribas
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus de Elviña, Spain
| | - Iago Iglesias-Corrás
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus de Elviña, Spain
| | - Noelia Trigo-Tasende
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Mohammed Nasser-Ali
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Lara S Estévez
- Pathological Anatomy Service and Biobank, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Soraya Rumbo-Feal
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Begoña Otero-Alén
- Pathological Anatomy Service and Biobank, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Jose F Noguera
- General and Digestive Surgery Service, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Ángel Concha
- Pathological Anatomy Service and Biobank, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Simón Pardiñas-López
- Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Pardiñas Medical Dental Clinic, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomic and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Igor Gómez-Randulfe
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Maternal and Child Hospital, Spain
| | - Nieves Martínez-Lago
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Maternal and Child Hospital, Spain
| | - Susana Ladra
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus de Elviña, Spain
| | - Luis A Aparicio
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), Maternal and Child Hospital, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomic and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan A Vallejo
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
| | - Margarita Poza
- meiGAbiome, Microbiology Research Group, Servicio de Microbiología, Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University Hospital of A Coruña (HUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Hospital Universitario, Spain
- Microbiome and Health Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus da Zapateira, Spain
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11
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Lugones-Sánchez C, Santos-Mínguez S, Salvado R, González-Sánchez S, Tamayo-Morales O, Hoya-González A, Ramírez-Manent JI, Magallón-Botaya R, Quesada-Rico JA, Garcia-Cubillas MD, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Gómez-Marcos MA, Benito-Sanchez R, Mira A, Hernandez-Rivas JM, Garcia-Ortiz L. Lifestyles, arterial aging, and its relationship with the intestinal and oral microbiota (MIVAS III study): a research protocol for a cross-sectional multicenter study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1164453. [PMID: 37457284 PMCID: PMC10344706 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1164453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiota is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including cardiometabolic diseases, with lifestyles probably exerting the greatest influence on the composition of the human microbiome. The main objectives of the study are to analyze the association of lifestyles (diet, physical activity, tobacco, and alcohol) with the gut and oral microbiota, arterial aging, and cognitive function in subjects without cardiovascular disease in the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, the study will examine the mediating role of the microbiome in mediating the association between lifestyles and arterial aging as well as cognitive function. Methods and analysis MIVAS III is a multicenter cross-sectional study that will take place in the Iberian Peninsula. One thousand subjects aged between 45 and 74 years without cardiovascular disease will be selected. The main variables are demographic information, anthropometric measurements, and habits (tobacco and alcohol). Dietary patterns will be assessed using a frequency consumption questionnaire (FFQ) and the Mediterranean diet adherence questionnaire. Physical activity levels will be evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Marshall Questionnaire, and an Accelerometer (Actigraph). Body composition will be measured using the Inbody 230 impedance meter. Arterial aging will be assessed through various means, including measuring medium intimate carotid thickness using the Sonosite Micromax, conducting analysis with pulse wave velocity (PWA), and measuring pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) using the Sphygmocor System. Additional cardiovascular indicators such as Cardio Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), ba-PWV, and ankle-brachial index (Vasera VS-2000®) will also be examined. The study will analyze the intestinal microbiota using the OMNIgene GUT kit (OMR-200) and profile the microbiome through massive sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), effect size (LEfSe), and compositional analysis, such as ANCOM-BC, will be used to identify differentially abundant taxa between groups. After rarefying the samples, further analyses will be conducted using MicrobiomeAnalyst and R v.4.2.1 software. These analyses will include various aspects, such as assessing α and β diversity, conducting abundance profiling, and performing clustering analysis. Discussion Lifestyle acts as a modifier of microbiota composition. However, there are no conclusive results demonstrating the mediating effect of the microbiota in the relationship between lifestyles and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding this relationship may facilitate the implementation of strategies for improving population health by modifying the gut and oral microbiota. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04924907, ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04924907. Registered on 21 April 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Santos-Mínguez
- Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rita Salvado
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Olaya Tamayo-Morales
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Amaya Hoya-González
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José I. Ramírez-Manent
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Salamanca, Spain
- Calvià Primary Care Center, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDIBSA), Health Service of Balearic Islands, Calvià, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rosa Magallón-Botaya
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A. Quesada-Rico
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Miriam D. Garcia-Cubillas
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Benito-Sanchez
- Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M. Hernandez-Rivas
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Haematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Garcia-Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Mazurel D, Carda-Diéguez M, Langenburg T, Žiemytė M, Johnston W, Martínez CP, Albalat F, Llena C, Al-Hebshi N, Culshaw S, Mira A, Rosier BT. Nitrate and a nitrate-reducing Rothia aeria strain as potential prebiotic or synbiotic treatments for periodontitis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:40. [PMID: 37330520 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A few studies indicate that nitrate can reduce dysbiosis from a periodontitis point of view. However, these experiments were performed on samples from healthy individuals, and it is unknown if nitrate will be effective in periodontal patients, where the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria is clearly reduced. The aim of this study was to test the effect of nitrate and a nitrate-reducing R. aeria (Ra9) on subgingival biofilms of patients with periodontitis. For this, subgingival plaque was incubated with 5 mM nitrate for 7 h (n = 20) or 50 mM nitrate for 12 h (n = 10), achieving a ~50% of nitrate reduction in each case. Additionally, Ra9 was combined with 5 mM nitrate (n = 11), increasing the nitrate reduced and nitrite produced (both p < 0.05). The addition of nitrate to periodontitis communities decreased biofilm mass (50 mM > 5 mM, both p < 0.05). Five millimolar nitrate, 50 mM nitrate and 5 mM nitrate + Ra9 led to 3, 28 and 20 significant changes in species abundance, respectively, which were mostly decreases in periodontitis-associated species. These changes led to a respective 15%, 63% (both p < 0.05) and 6% (not significant) decrease in the dysbiosis index. Using a 10-species biofilm model, decreases in periodontitis-associated species in the presence of nitrate were confirmed by qPCR (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, nitrate metabolism can reduce dysbiosis and biofilm growth of periodontitis communities. Five millimolar nitrate (which can be found in saliva after vegetable intake) was sufficient, while increasing this concentration to 50 mM (which could be achieved by topical applications such as a periodontal gel) increased the positive effects. Ra9 increased the nitrate metabolism of periodontitis communities and should be tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Mazurel
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - William Johnston
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nezar Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Bob T Rosier
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
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13
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Žiemytė M, Escudero A, Díez P, Ferrer MD, Murguía JR, Martí-Centelles V, Mira A, Martínez-Máñez R. Ficin-Cyclodextrin-Based Docking Nanoarchitectonics of Self-Propelled Nanomotors for Bacterial Biofilm Eradication. Chem Mater 2023; 35:4412-4426. [PMID: 37332683 PMCID: PMC10269336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Development of bioinspired nanomotors showing effective propulsion and cargo delivery capabilities has attracted much attention in the last few years due to their potential use in biomedical applications. However, implementation of this technology in realistic settings is still a barely explored field. Herein, we report the design and application of a multifunctional gated Janus platinum-mesoporous silica nanomotor constituted of a propelling element (platinum nanodendrites) and a drug-loaded nanocontainer (mesoporous silica nanoparticle) capped with ficin enzyme modified with β-cyclodextrins (β-CD). The engineered nanomotor is designed to effectively disrupt bacterial biofilms via H2O2-induced self-propelled motion, ficin hydrolysis of the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) of the biofilm, and controlled pH-triggered cargo (vancomycin) delivery. The effective synergic antimicrobial activity of the nanomotor is demonstrated in the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. The nanomotor achieves 82% of EPS biomass disruption and a 96% reduction in cell viability, which contrasts with a remarkably lower reduction in biofilm elimination when the components of the nanomotors are used separately at the same concentrations. Such a large reduction in biofilm biomass in S. aureus has never been achieved previously by any conventional therapy. The strategy proposed suggests that engineered nanomotors have great potential for the elimination of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics
& Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, 46020 València, Spain
| | - Andrea Escudero
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico
(IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat
de València, València 46022, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 València, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y
Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico
(IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat
de València, València 46022, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 València, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y
Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics
& Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, 46020 València, Spain
- CIBER of
Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Cami
de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Jose R. Murguía
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico
(IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat
de València, València 46022, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades
y Nanomedicina, València, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación
Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y
Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico
(IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat
de València, València 46022, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y
Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics
& Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, 46020 València, Spain
- CIBER of
Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Cami
de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico
(IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat
de València, València 46022, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades
y Nanomedicina, València, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación
Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 València, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y
Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Cami
de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
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14
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Lee J, Mashayamombe M, Walsh TP, Kuang BKP, Pena GN, Vreugde S, Cooksley C, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Jesudason D, Fitridge R, Zilm PS, Dawson J, Kidd SP. The bacteriology of diabetic foot ulcers and infections and incidence of Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variants. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37326607 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Uninfected diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU) progression to diabetes-related foot infection (DFI) is a prevalent complication for patients with diabetes. DFI often progresses to osteomyelitis (DFI-OM). Active (growing) Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in these infections. There is relapse in 40-60 % of cases even when the initial treatment at the DFI stage apparently clears infection.Hypothesis. S. aureus adopts the quasi-dormant Small Colony Variant (SCV) state during DFU and consequently infection, and when present in DFI cases also permits survival in non-diseased tissues as a reservoir to cause relapse.Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial factors that facilitate persistent infections.Methodology. People with diabetes were recruited from two tertiary hospitals. Clinical and bacterial data was taken from 153 patients with diabetes (51 from a control group with no ulcer or infection) and samples taken from 102 patients with foot complications to identify bacterial species and their variant colony types, and then compare the bacterial composition in those with uninfected DFU, DFI and those with DFI-OM, of whom samples were taken both from wounds (DFI-OM/W) and bone (DFI-OM/B). Intracellular, extracellular and proximal 'healthy' bone were examined.Results. S. aureus was identified as the most prevalent pathogen in diabetes-related foot pathologies (25 % of all samples). For patients where disease progressed from DFU to DFI-OM, S. aureus was isolated as a diversity of colony types, with increasing numbers of SCVs present. Intracellular (bone) SCVs were found, and even within uninfected bone SCVs were present. Wounds of 24 % of patients with uninfected DFU contained active S. aureus. All patients with a DFI with a wound but not bone infection had previously had S. aureus isolated from an infection (including amputation), representing a relapse.Conclusion. The presence of S. aureus SCVs in recalcitrant pathologies highlights their importance in persistent infections through the colonization of reservoirs, such as bone. The survival of these cells in intracellular bone is an important clinical finding supporting in vitro data. Also, there seems to be a link between the genetics of S. aureus found in deeper infections compared to those only found in DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lee
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease (RCID), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology (ACARE), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matipaishe Mashayamombe
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tom P Walsh
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Beatrice K P Kuang
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Guilherme N Pena
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Province of Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Province of Valencia, Spain
| | - David Jesudason
- Endocrinology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Fitridge
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter S Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph Dawson
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen P Kidd
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease (RCID), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology (ACARE), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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15
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Giacaman RA, Umaña R, Nuñez MJ, Díaz-Garrido N, Echeverría C, García-Manríquez N, Mira A, Fernández CE, Gambetta-Tessini K, Lozano CP. Saliva Decreases Sucrose-Induced Cariogenicity in an Experimental Biological Caries Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1426. [PMID: 37374928 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether a minimum quantity of saliva inhibit the caries process remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of saliva dilutions on an in vitro caries model using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms. METHODS S. mutans biofilms were cultivated on enamel and root dentin slabs, in culture media containing different proportions of saliva (v/v): 0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% saliva, and exposed to a 10% sucrose solution (5 min, 3x/day), with appropriate controls. After 5 (enamel) and 4 (dentin) days, demineralization, biomass, viable bacteria, and polysaccharide formation were analyzed. The acidogenicity of the spent media was monitored overtime. Each assay was performed in triplicate across two independent experiments (n = 6). RESULTS In both enamel and dentin, an inverse relationship was observed between acidogenicity, demineralization, and the proportion of saliva. Even small quantities of saliva incorporated into the media led to a noticeable reduction in enamel and dentin demineralization. Saliva presence resulted in significant reductions in biomass, viable S. mutans cells, and polysaccharides, with the effects being concentration-dependent for both tissues. CONCLUSIONS High quantities of saliva can almost completely inhibit sucrose-induced cariogenicity, while even small amounts exhibit a dose-dependent caries-protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Consortium of Chilean State Universities, Chilecito 03825, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Umaña
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - María José Nuñez
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Constanza Echeverría
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Natalia García-Manríquez
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Constanza E Fernández
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Karla Gambetta-Tessini
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Carla P Lozano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Oral Biology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
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16
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Dobon B, Musciotto F, Mira A, Greenacre M, Schlaepfer R, Aguileta G, Astete LH, Ngales M, Latora V, Battiston F, Vinicius L, Migliano AB, Bertranpetit J. The making of the oral microbiome in Agta hunter-gatherers. Evol Hum Sci 2023; 5:e13. [PMID: 37587941 PMCID: PMC10426117 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological and genetic factors have influenced the composition of the human microbiome during our evolutionary history. We analysed the oral microbiota of the Agta, a hunter-gatherer population where some members have adopted an agricultural diet. We show that age is the strongest factor modulating the microbiome, probably through immunosenescence since we identified an increase in the number of species classified as pathogens with age. We also characterised biological and cultural processes generating sexual dimorphism in the oral microbiome. A small subset of oral bacteria is influenced by the host genome, linking host collagen genes to bacterial biofilm formation. Our data also suggest that shifting from a fish/meat diet to a rice-rich diet transforms their microbiome, mirroring the Neolithic transition. All of these factors have implications in the epidemiology of oral diseases. Thus, the human oral microbiome is multifactorial and shaped by various ecological and social factors that modify the oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Dobon
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Musciotto
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Greenacre
- Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Barcelona Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Gabriela Aguileta
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonora H. Astete
- Lyceum of the Philippines University, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marilyn Ngales
- Lyceum of the Philippines University, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - Vito Latora
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania and INFN, Catania, Italy
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federico Battiston
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Vienna 1100, Austria
| | - Lucio Vinicius
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, UK
| | - Andrea B. Migliano
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, UK
| | - Jaume Bertranpetit
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Joseph S, Carda-Diéguez M, Aduse-Opoku J, Alsam A, Mira A, Curtis M. The Murine Oral Metatranscriptome Reveals Microbial and Host Signatures of Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2023; 102:565-573. [PMID: 36883648 PMCID: PMC10152569 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221149675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is accompanied by alterations to cellular profiles and biological activities of both the subgingival microbiome and host tissues. Although significant progress has been made in describing the molecular basis of the homeostatic balance of host-commensal microbe interactions in health compared to the destructive imbalance in disease, particularly with respect to immune and inflammatory systems, few studies have attempted a comprehensive analysis in diverse host models. Here, we describe the development and application of a metatranscriptomic approach to analysis of host-microbe gene transcription in a murine periodontal disease model, based on oral gavage infection using Porphyromonas gingivalis in C57BL6/J mice. We generated 24 metatranscriptomic libraries from individual mouse oral swabs, representing health and disease. On average, 76% ± 11.7% reads in each sample belonged to the murine host genome and the remainder to the microbes. We found 3,468 (2.4% of the total) murine host transcripts differentially expressed between health and disease, of which 76% were overexpressed in periodontitis. Predictably, there were prominent alterations to genes and pathways linked with the host immune compartment in disease-the CD40 signaling pathway being the top enriched biological process in this data set. However, in addition, we observed significant alterations to other biological processes in disease, particularly cellular/metabolic processes and biological regulation. The number of differentially expressed microbial genes particularly indicated shifts in carbon metabolism pathways in disease with potential consequences for metabolic end-product formation. Together, these metatranscriptome data reveal marked changes between the gene expression patterns in both the murine host and microbiota, which may represent signatures of health and disease, providing the basis for future functional studies of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular responses in periodontal disease. In addition, the noninvasive protocol developed in this study will enable further longitudinal and interventionist studies of host-microbe gene expression networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Joseph
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Carda-Diéguez
- Oral Microbiome Lab, Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Aduse-Opoku
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A. Alsam
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A. Mira
- Oral Microbiome Lab, Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M.A. Curtis
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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18
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Musciotto F, Dobon B, Greenacre M, Mira A, Chaudhary N, Salali GD, Gerbault P, Schlaepfer R, Astete LH, Ngales M, Gomez-Gardenes J, Latora V, Battiston F, Bertranpetit J, Vinicius L, Migliano AB. Agta hunter-gatherer oral microbiomes are shaped by contact network structure. Evol Hum Sci 2023; 5:e9. [PMID: 37587930 PMCID: PMC10426009 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we investigate the effects of extensive sociality and mobility on the oral microbiome of 138 Agta hunter-gatherers from the Philippines. Our comparisons of microbiome composition showed that the Agta are more similar to Central African BaYaka hunter-gatherers than to neighbouring farmers. We also defined the Agta social microbiome as a set of 137 oral bacteria (only 7% of 1980 amplicon sequence variants) significantly influenced by social contact (quantified through wireless sensors of short-range interactions). We show that large interaction networks including strong links between close kin, spouses and even unrelated friends can significantly predict bacterial transmission networks across Agta camps. Finally, we show that more central individuals to social networks are also bacterial supersharers. We conclude that hunter-gatherer social microbiomes are predominantly pathogenic and were shaped by evolutionary tradeoffs between extensive sociality and disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Musciotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Begoña Dobon
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Greenacre
- Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra & Barcelona Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikhil Chaudhary
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gul Deniz Salali
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pascale Gerbault
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Leonora H. Astete
- Lyceum of the Philippines University, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marilyn Ngales
- Lyceum of the Philippines University, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jesus Gomez-Gardenes
- GOTHAM Lab, Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, and Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Center for Computational Social Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Vito Latora
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania and INFN, Catania, Italy
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federico Battiston
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaume Bertranpetit
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucio Vinicius
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Bamberg Migliano
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
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19
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Mashayamombe M, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Fitridge R, Zilm PS, Kidd SP. Subpopulations in Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Provide Antibiotic Tolerance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020406. [PMID: 36830316 PMCID: PMC9952555 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to colonise different niches across the human body is linked to an adaptable metabolic capability, as well as its ability to persist within specific tissues despite adverse conditions. In many cases, as S. aureus proliferates within an anatomical niche, there is an associated pathology. The immune response, together with medical interventions such as antibiotics, often removes the S. aureus cells that are causing this disease. However, a common issue in S. aureus infections is a relapse of disease. Within infected tissue, S. aureus exists as a population of cells, and it adopts a diversity of cell types. In evolutionary biology, the concept of "bet-hedging" has established that even in positive conditions, there are members that arise within a population that would be present as non-beneficial, but if those conditions change, these traits could allow survival. For S. aureus, some of these cells within an infection have a reduced fitness, are not rapidly proliferating or are the cause of an active host response and disease, but these do remain even after the disease seems to have been cleared. This is true for persistence against immune responses but also as a continual presence in spite of antibiotic treatment. We propose that the constant arousal of suboptimal populations at any timepoint is a key strategy for S. aureus long-term infection and survival. Thus, understanding the molecular basis for this feature could be instrumental to combat persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matipaishe Mashayamombe
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Peter S. Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Kidd
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology (ACARE), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Sánchez Barrueco A, Mateos-Moreno MV, Villacampa Aubá JM, Campos González A, Bogoya Castaño A, Rubio Yanguas R, Blanco Goñi A, Zapardiel Ferrero J, Cenjor Español C, Ausina Márquez V, García-Esteban S, Artacho A, López Labrador FX, Mira A, Ferrer MD. In vivo effect of mouthwashes on viable viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva: a pilot study. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2198432. [PMID: 37063978 PMCID: PMC10101681 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2198432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current data on the efficacy of antiseptic mouthwashes to reduce viral load are contradictory. Firstly, in vitro data indicate very strong virucidal effects that are not replicated in clinical studies. Secondly, most clinical studies identify a limited effect, do not include a control/placebo group, or do not evaluate viral viability in an infection model. In the current manuscript, we perform a double-blind, randomized clinical trial where salivary viral load was measured before and after the mouthwash, and where saliva samples were also cultured in an in vitro infection model of SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes on viral viability. Our data show a 90-99% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 salivary copies with one of the tested mouthwashes, although we show that the remaining viruses are mostly viable. In addition, our data suggest that the active ingredient concentration and the overall excipients' formulation can play an important role; and most importantly, they indicate that the effect is not immediate, being significant at 15 min and having maximum effectiveness after 1 h. Thus, we show that some oral mouthwashes can be useful in reducing viral transmission, although their efficacy must be improved through refined formulations or revised protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Sánchez Barrueco
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Villalba General University Hospital, Collado Villalba, Spain
| | | | | | - Alfonso Campos González
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Villalba General University Hospital, Collado Villalba, Spain
| | - Abel Bogoya Castaño
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Rubio Yanguas
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Blanco Goñi
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Zapardiel Ferrero
- Microbiology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Villalba General University Hospital, Collado Villalba, Spain
| | - Carlos Cenjor Español
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Artacho
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - F. Xavier López Labrador
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CONTACT Alex Mira Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- María D. Ferrer Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Parga A, Muras A, Otero-Casal P, Arredondo A, Soler-Ollé A, Àlvarez G, Alcaraz LD, Mira A, Blanc V, Otero A. The quorum quenching enzyme Aii20J modifies in vitro periodontal biofilm formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1118630. [PMID: 36816581 PMCID: PMC9932050 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1118630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have revealed the presence of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) quorum sensing (QS) signals in the oral environment. Yet, their role in oral biofilm development remains scarcely investigated. The use of quorum quenching (QQ) strategies targeting AHLs has been described as efficient for the control of pathogenic biofilms. Here, we evaluate the use of a highly active AHL-targeting QQ enzyme, Aii20J, to modulate oral biofilm formation in vitro. Methods The effect of the QQ enzyme was studied in in vitro multispecies biofilms generated from oral samples taken from healthy donors and patients with periodontal disease. Subgingival samples were used as inocula, aiming to select members of the microbiota of the periodontal pocket niche in the in vitro biofilms. Biofilm formation abilities and microbial composition were studied upon treating the biofilms with the QQ enzyme Aii20J. Results and Discussion The addition of the enzyme resulted in significant biofilm mass reductions in 30 - 60% of the subgingival-derived biofilms, although standard AHLs could not be found in the supernatants of the cultured biofilms. Changes in biofilm mass were not accompanied by significant alterations of bacterial relative abundance at the genus level. The investigation of 125 oral supragingival metagenomes and a synthetic subgingival metagenome revealed a surprisingly high abundance and broad distribution of homologous of the AHL synthase HdtS and several protein families of AHL receptors, as well as an enormous presence of QQ enzymes, pointing to the existence of an intricate signaling network in oral biofilms that has been so far unreported, and should be further investigated. Together, our findings support the use of Aii20J to modulate polymicrobial biofilm formation without changing the microbiome structure of the biofilm. Results in this study suggest that AHLs or AHL-like molecules affect oral biofilm formation, encouraging the application of QQ strategies for oral health improvement, and reinforcing the importance of personalized approaches to oral biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Parga
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Muras
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Otero-Casal
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unit of Oral Health, Santa Comba-Negreira, (CS) SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Agnès Soler-Ollé
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Luis D. Alcaraz
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Otero,
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22
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Bankvall M, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Karlsson A, Hasséus B, Karlsson R, Robledo-Sierra J. Metataxonomic and metaproteomic profiling of the oral microbiome in oral lichen planus - a pilot study. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 15:2161726. [PMID: 36605405 PMCID: PMC9809343 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2161726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence demonstrates a different bacterial composition in the oral cavity of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Patients and methods Buccal swab samples were collected from affected and non-affected sites of six patients with reticular OLP and the healthy oral mucosa of six control subjects. 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing and mass spectrometry-based proteomics were utilised to identify the metataxonomic and metaproteomic profiles of the oral microbiome in both groups. Results From the metataxonomic analysis, the most abundant species in the three subgroups were Streptococcus oralis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accounting for up to 70% of the total population. Principal Coordinates Analysis showed differential clustering of samples from the healthy and OLP groups. ANCOM-BC compositional analysis revealed multiple species (including P. aeruginosa and several species of Veillonella, Prevotella, Streptococcus and Neisseria) significantly over-represented in the control group and several (including Granulicatella elegans, Gemella haemolysans and G. parahaemolysans) in patients with OLP. The metaproteomic data were generally congruent and revealed that several Gemella haemolysans-belonging peptidases and other proteins with inflammatory and virulence potential were present in OLP lesions. Conclusion Our data suggest that several bacterial species are associated with OLP. Future studies with larger cohorts should be conducted to determine their role in the aetiology of OLP and evaluate their potential as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bankvall
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain,School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Hasséus
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Clinical microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jairo Robledo-Sierra
- Nanoxis Consulting AB, Gothenburg, Sweden,Faculty of Dentistry, CES University, Medellin, Colombia,CONTACT Jairo Robledo-Sierra Faculty of Dentistry, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
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23
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Ortega L, Miller J, Araguás-Araguás L, Zabala ME, Vives L, Mira A, Rodríguez L, Heredia J, Armengol S, Manzano M. Unravelling groundwater and surface water sources in the Esteros del Iberá Wetland Area: An isotopic approach. Sci Total Environ 2022; 846:157475. [PMID: 35868394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the Esteros del Iberá Wetland Area (EIWA, NE Argentina), the southern sector of the transboundary Guarani Aquifer System (SAG) is overlain by the Ramsar listed Iberá Wetlands and several rivers, that combined extend across 37,930 km2 and represent one of the largest freshwater systems on the South American continent. Previous hydrogeological studies encompassing the entire SAG proposed preferential discharge of groundwater of various origins and ages to the EIWA. In this study, a multi-tracer study using major ionic species, δ18O, δ2H and 222Rn was conducted in lagoons, rivers, wells, and boreholes in the EIWA to confirm if discharge from the transboundary SAG is contributing to the surface water system. End-member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) determined the existence of four main end-members: groundwater from the SAG, more saline groundwater from the deeper Pre-SAG, and two poorly mineralised end-members from shallow, Post-SAG. EMMA calculations clearly illustrated complex binary and ternary mixing patterns involving the four end-members and highlighted the role of geological structures, specifically regional steep faults, in controlling the mixing patterns. 222Rn activities allowed in-situ identification of preferential deep groundwater discharge into both surface waters and shallow groundwaters. These findings provide strong evidence for the widespread existence of upward flows along major faults in this sector of the SAG, inducing complex mixing flow patterns and explaining the presence of old groundwater in shallow aquifers. Mapping the sources of water and the hydrological interactions are relevant for improving water balance estimates and develop management policies towards the preservation of these wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ortega
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPTC), Cartagena, Spain; International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria.
| | - J Miller
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - M E Zabala
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras 'Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff' (IHLLA), Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Vives
- Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras 'Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff' (IHLLA), Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Mira
- Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras 'Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff' (IHLLA), Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Spain
| | - L Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J Heredia
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Spain
| | - S Armengol
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - M Manzano
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPTC), Cartagena, Spain
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Coma S, Musteanu M, Mira A, Caffarra C, Morrison D, Ambrogio C, Barbacid M, Pachter J. The RAF/MEK clamp VS-6766 shows strong anti-tumor activity across multiple MAPK pathway alterations, with a preferential effect on KRAS G12V. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Carda-Diéguez M, Moazzez R, Mira A. Functional changes in the oral microbiome after use of fluoride and arginine containing dentifrices: a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic study. Microbiome 2022; 10:159. [PMID: 36171634 PMCID: PMC9520947 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth decay is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and efficient tooth brushing with a fluoride-containing dentifrice is considered fundamental to caries prevention. Fluoride-containing dentifrices have been extensively studied in relation to enamel resistance to demineralization. Arginine (Arg) has also been proposed as a promising prebiotic to promote pH buffering through ammonia production. Here, we present the first metagenomic (DNA sequencing of the whole microbial community) and metatranscriptomic (RNAseq of the same community) analyses of human dental plaque to evaluate the effect of brushing with fluoride (Fl) and a Fl+Arg containing dentifrices on oral microbial composition and activity. Fifty-three patients were enrolled in a longitudinal clinical intervention study with two arms, including 26 caries-active and 27 caries-free adults. After a minimum 1-week washout period, dental plaque samples were collected at this post-washout baseline, 3 months after the use of a 1450-ppm fluoride dentifrice, and after 6 months of using a 1450-ppm fluoride with 1.5% arginine dentifrice. RESULTS There was a shift in both the composition and activity of the plaque microbiome after 3 months of brushing with the fluoride-containing toothpaste compared to the samples collected at the 1-week post-washout period, both for caries-active and caries-free sites. Although several caries-associated bacteria were reduced, there was also an increase in several health- and periodontitis-associated bacteria. Over 400 genes changed proportion in the metagenome, and between 180 and 300 genes changed their expression level depending on whether caries-free or caries-active sites were analyzed. The metagenome and metatranscriptome also changed after the subjects brushed with the Fl+Arg dentifrice. There was a further decrease of both caries- and periodontitis-associated organisms. In both caries-free and caries-active sites, a decrease of genes from the arginine biosynthesis pathway was also observed, in addition to an increase in the expression of genes associated with the arginine deiminase pathway, which catabolizes arginine into ammonia, thereby buffering acidic pH. Bacterial richness and diversity were not affected by either of the two treatments in the two arms of the study. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that long-term use of both assayed dentifrices changes the bacterial composition and functional profiles of human dental plaque towards a healthier microbial community, both in caries-free and caries-active sites. This observation was especially apparent for the Fl+Arg dentifrice. Thus, we conclude that the preventive benefits of tooth brushing go beyond the physical removal of dental plaque and that the active ingredients formulated within dentifrices have a positive effect not only on enamel chemistry but also on the metabolism of oral microbial populations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Moazzez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
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Pande M, Ghosh SK, Tyagi S, Katiyar R, Srivastava N, Karkalan M, Kumar S, Krishnappa K, Sirohi AS, Sarika EY, Mira A. Cryoprotection of humanin-like peptides in seminal plasma for ejaculated spermatozoa of crossbred bulls. Cryo Letters 2022; 43:276-282. [PMID: 36626132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation process negatively affects spermatozoa functions. Humanin, a small polypeptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome, is well known for its role in cell survival. OBJECTIVE To quantify the endogenous levels of humanin in seminal plasma of crossbred Frieswal bulls and to study its role in cryoprotection. The presence of humanin in bull spermatozoa was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 semen samples were separated into two groups based on the initial progressive motility (IPM): Good (IPM >70%) and Poor (IPM <50%) groups; and/or based on the post-thaw motility (PTM): Freezable (PTM>50%) and Non-freezable (PTM < 50%) groups. Humanin concentration in seminal plasma (SP-HN) was quantified using ELISA. RESULTS SP-HN concentration ranged from undetectable to 67.6 pg/mL with a median level of 35.2 pg/mL. SP-HN level was significantly higher in the good quality semen group than in the poor quality semen group (p<0.001), and also significantly higher in the freezable group than in the non-freezable group (p<0.001). SP-HN level was positively correlated with initial progressive motility, post-thaw semen motility, viability, acrosome intactness and plasma membrane integrity, but negatively correlated the level of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content. Immunochemical localization showed the presence of humanin in the proximal region of the middle piece of spermatozoa. CONCLUSION Endogenous humanin level had significant correlation with semen quality and might protect sperm cells against freeze-induced oxidative stress. doi.org/10.54680/fr22510110712.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pande
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S K Ghosh
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Tyagi
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Katiyar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Srivastava
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Karkalan
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Kumar
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Krishnappa
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A S Sirohi
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - EmptyYN Y Sarika
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Mira
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rocafort M, Henares D, Brotons P, Launes C, Fernandez de Sevilla M, Fumado V, Barrabeig I, Arias S, Redin A, Ponomarenko J, Mele M, Millat-Martinez P, Claverol J, Balanza N, Mira A, Garcia-Garcia JJ, Bassat Q, Jordan I, Muñoz-Almagro C. Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota of Children and Adults Self-Confined at Home. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071521. [PMID: 35891502 PMCID: PMC9315980 DOI: 10.3390/v14071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Spain in March 2020 led to the declaration by the Spanish government of a state of emergency imposing strict confinement measures on the population. The objective of this study was to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children and adults and its relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity during the pandemic lockdown in Spain. This cross-sectional study included family households located in metropolitan Barcelona, Spain, with one adult with a previous confirmed COVID-19 episode and one or more exposed co-habiting child contacts. Nasopharyngeal swabs were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection status, characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiota and determine common respiratory DNA/RNA viral co-infections. A total of 173 adult cases and 470 exposed children were included. Overall, a predominance of Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum and a limited abundance of common pathobionts including Haemophilus and Streptococcus were found both among adults and children. Children with current SARS-CoV-2 infection presented higher bacterial richness and increased Fusobacterium, Streptococcus and Prevotella abundance than non-infected children. Among adults, persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA was associated with an increased abundance of an unclassified member of the Actinomycetales order. COVID-19 severity was associated with increased Staphylococcus and reduced Dolosigranulum abundance. The stringent COVID-19 lockdown in Spain had a significant impact on the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children, reflected in the limited abundance of common respiratory pathobionts and the predominance of Corynebacterium, regardless of SARS-CoV-2 detection. COVID-19 severity in adults was associated with decreased nasopharynx levels of healthy commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntsa Rocafort
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
| | - Desiree Henares
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
| | - Pedro Brotons
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
- Medicine Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Launes
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Fernandez de Sevilla
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fumado
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Barrabeig
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
- Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Arias
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.A.); (P.M.-M.); (N.B.)
| | - Alba Redin
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- Medicine Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Mele
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Millat-Martinez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.A.); (P.M.-M.); (N.B.)
| | - Joana Claverol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
| | - Nuria Balanza
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.A.); (P.M.-M.); (N.B.)
| | - Alex Mira
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Fundacion para el Fomento de la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J. Garcia-Garcia
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.A.); (P.M.-M.); (N.B.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Manhiça Maputo 1929, Mozambique
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (D.H.); (P.B.); (C.L.); (M.F.d.S.); (V.F.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (J.J.G.-G.); (I.J.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.); (A.M.); (Q.B.)
- Medicine Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-673302405; Fax: +34-932803626
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Barrueco ÁS, Mateos-Moreno MV, Martínez-Beneyto Y, García-Vázquez E, González AC, Ferrero JZ, Castaño AB, Rueda IA, Villacampa Aubá JM, Español CC, Moreno-Parrado L, Ausina-Márquez V, García-Esteban S, Artacho A, Xavier López-Labrador F, Mira A, Ferrer MD. Effect of Oral Antiseptics in Reducing SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity: Evidence from a Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1833-1842. [PMID: 35796097 PMCID: PMC9336498 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2098059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: In vitro studies have shown that several oral antiseptics have virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, mouthwashes have been proposed as an easy to implement strategy to reduce viral transmission. However, there are no data measuring SARS-CoV-2 viability after mouthwashes in vivo. Methods: In this randomized double-blind, five-parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial, SARS-CoV-2 salivary viral load (by quantitative PCR) and its infectious capacity (incubating saliva in cell cultures) have been evaluated before and after four different antiseptic mouthwashes and placebo in 54 COVID-19 patients. Results: Contrary to in vitro evidence, salivary viral load was not affected by any of the four tested mouthwashes. Viral culture indicated that cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) significantly reduced viral infectivity, but only at 1-hour post-mouthwash. Conclusion: These results indicate that some of the mouthwashes currently used to reduce viral infectivity are not efficient in vivo and, furthermore, that this effect is not immediate, generating a false sense of security. Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04707742..
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Sánchez Barrueco
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid (Spain).,ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Villalba General University Hospital, Collado Villalba (Spain)
| | | | - Yolanda Martínez-Beneyto
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology and Radiology. University of Murcia (SPAIN), Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research (IMIB), Murcia (SPAIN)
| | - Elisa García-Vázquez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, IMIB, Murcia (Spain)
| | - Alfonso Campos González
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid (Spain)
| | - Javier Zapardiel Ferrero
- Microbiology Department. Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid (Spain); and Villalba General University Hospital, Collado Villalba (Spain)
| | - Abel Bogoya Castaño
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid (Spain)
| | - Ignacio Alcalá Rueda
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Villalba General University Hospital, Collado Villalba (Spain)
| | | | - Carlos Cenjor Español
- ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid (Spain)
| | - Laura Moreno-Parrado
- Microbiology Service. Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research. Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, Murcia (Spain)
| | | | | | - Alejandro Artacho
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia (Spain)
| | - F Xavier López-Labrador
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia (Spain).,Department of Microbiology and Ecology, Medical School, University of Valencia (Spain).,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (Spain)
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia (Spain).,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (Spain)
| | - María D Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO-Public Health Foundation, Valencia (Spain)
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Molinero N, Taladrid D, Zorraquín-Peña I, de Celis M, Belda I, Mira A, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Ulcerative Colitis Seems to Imply Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1513-1527. [PMID: 35723361 PMCID: PMC9164047 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent pathology of complex etiology that has been occasionally associated with oral lesions, but the overall composition of the oral microbiome in UC patients and its role in the pathogenesis of the disease are still poorly understood. In this study, the oral microbiome of UC patients and healthy individuals was compared to ascertain the possible changes in the oral microbial communities associated with UC. For this, the salivary microbiota of 10 patients diagnosed with an active phase of UC and 11 healthy controls was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (trial ref. ISRCTN39987). Metataxonomic analysis revealed a decrease in the alpha diversity and an imbalance in the relative proportions of some key members of the oral core microbiome in UC patients. Additionally, Staphylococcus members and four differential species or phylotypes were only present in UC patients, not being detected in healthy subjects. This study provides a global snapshot of the existence of oral dysbiosis associated with UC, and the possible presence of potential oral biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Molinero
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
| | - Diego Taladrid
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
| | - Irene Zorraquín-Peña
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
| | - Miguel de Celis
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Ignacio Belda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Alex Mira
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, 46020 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
| | - M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
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30
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Rosier BT, Takahashi N, Zaura E, Krom BP, MartÍnez-Espinosa RM, van Breda SGJ, Marsh PD, Mira A. The Importance of Nitrate Reduction for Oral Health. J Dent Res 2022; 101:887-897. [PMID: 35196931 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221080982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands concentrate plasma nitrate into saliva, leading to high nitrate concentrations that can reach the millimolar range after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Whereas human cells cannot reduce nitrate to nitrite effectively, certain oral bacteria can. This leads to an increase in systemic nitrite that can improve conditions such as hypertension and diabetes through nitric oxide availability. Apart from systemic benefits, it has been proposed that microbial nitrate reduction can also promote oral health. In this review, we discuss evidence associating dietary nitrate with oral health. Oral bacteria can reduce nitrite to nitric oxide, a free radical with antimicrobial properties capable of inhibiting sensitive species such as anaerobes involved in periodontal diseases. Nitrate has also been shown to increase resilience against salivary acidification in vivo and in vitro, thus preventing caries development. One potential mechanism is proton consumption during denitrification and/or bacterial reduction of nitrite to ammonium. Additionally, lactic acid (organic acid involved in oral acidification) and hydrogen sulfide (volatile compound involved in halitosis) can act as electron donors for these processes. The nitrate-reducing bacteria Rothia and Neisseria are consistently found at higher levels in individuals free of oral disease (vs. individuals with caries, periodontitis, and/or halitosis) and increase when nitrate is consumed in clinical studies. Preliminary in vitro and clinical evidence show that bacteria normally associated with disease, such as Veillonella (caries) and Prevotella (periodontal diseases and halitosis), decrease in the presence of nitrate. We propose nitrate as an ecologic factor stimulating eubiosis (i.e., an increase in health-associated species and functions). Finally, we discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential, as well as safety issues, related to the use of nitrate. In vivo evidence is limited; therefore, robust clinical studies are required to confirm the potential benefits of nitrate reduction on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Takahashi
- Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - E Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R M MartÍnez-Espinosa
- Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - S G J van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P D Marsh
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Žiemytė M, Carda-Diéguez M, Rodríguez-Díaz JC, Ventero MP, Mira A, Ferrer MD. Real-time monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth dynamics and persister cells' eradication. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2062-2075. [PMID: 34663186 PMCID: PMC8583918 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1994355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and the appearance of persister cells with low metabolic rates are key factors affecting conventional treatment failure and antibiotic resistance. Using impedance-based measurements, crystal violet staining and traditional culture we have studied the biofilm growth dynamics of 13 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains under the effect of seven conventional antibiotics. Real-time growth quantifications revealed that the exposure of established P. aeruginosa biofilms to certain concentrations of ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and tobramycin induced the emergence of persister cells, that showed different morphology and pigmentation, as well increased antibiotic resistance. Whole-genome sequencing of wildtype and persister cells identified several SNPs, a genomic inversion and a genomic duplication in one of the strains. However, these mutations were not uniquely associated with persisters, suggesting that the persistent phenotype may be related to metabolic and transcriptional changes. Given that mannitol has been proposed to activate bacterial metabolism, the synergistic combination of mannitol and ciprofloxacin was evaluated on clinical 48 h P. aeruginosa biofilms. When administered at doses ≥320 mg/L, mannitol was capable of preventing persister cell formation by efficiently activating dormant bacteria and making them susceptible to the antibiotic. These results were confirmed using viable colony counting. As the tested ciprofloxacin-mannitol combination appeared to fully eradicate mature biofilms, we conclude that impedance-based biofilm diagnostics, which permits antibiotic susceptibility testing and the identification of persister cells, is of great potential for the clinical practice and could aid in establishing treatment breakpoints for emerging biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Juan C. Rodríguez-Díaz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria P. Ventero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Fernández AI, Bermejo J, Yotti R, Martínez-Gonzalez MÁ, Mira A, Gophna U, Karlsson R, Al-Daccak R, Martín-Demiguel I, Gutiérrez-Ibanes E, Charron D, Fernández-Avilés F. The impact of Mediterranean diet on coronary plaque vulnerability, microvascular function, inflammation and microbiome after an acute coronary syndrome: study protocol for the MEDIMACS randomized, controlled, mechanistic clinical trial. Trials 2021; 22:795. [PMID: 34772433 PMCID: PMC8588729 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary prevention trials have demonstrated that the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, this benefit has not been proven for secondary prevention after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hypothesized that a high-intensity Mediterranean diet intervention after an ACS decreases the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques by complex interactions between anti-inflammatory effects, microbiota changes and modulation of gene expression. Methods The MEDIMACS project is an academically funded, prospective, randomized, controlled and mechanistic clinical trial designed to address the effects of an active randomized intervention with the Mediterranean diet on atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, coronary endothelial dysfunction and other mechanistic endpoints. One hundred patients with ACS are randomized 1:1 to a monitored high-intensity Mediterranean diet intervention or to a standard-of-care arm. Adherence to diet is assessed in both arms using food frequency questionnaires and biomarkers of compliance. The primary endpoint is the change (from baseline to 12 months) in the thickness of the fibrous cap of a non-significant atherosclerotic plaque in a non-culprit vessel, as assessed by repeated optical coherence tomography intracoronary imaging. Indices of coronary vascular physiology and changes in gastrointestinal microbiota, immunological status and protein and metabolite profiles will be evaluated as secondary endpoints. Discussion The results of this trial will address the key effects of dietary habits on atherosclerotic risk and will provide initial data on the complex interplay of immunological, microbiome-, proteome- and metabolome-related mechanisms by which non-pharmacological factors may impact the progression of coronary atherosclerosis after an ACS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03842319. Registered on 13 May 2019 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05746-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Fernández
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bermejo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Yotti
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, CIBEROBN, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, and CIBERESP, Valencia, Spain
| | - Uri Gophna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg; Sweden Nanoxis Consulting AB; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-97f, Université Paris-Diderot, HLA et Médecine, Labex Transplantex, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Irene Martín-Demiguel
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-Ibanes
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominique Charron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-97f, Université Paris-Diderot, HLA et Médecine, Labex Transplantex, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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33
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López-Santacruz HD, López-López A, Revilla-Guarinos A, Camelo-Castillo A, Esparza-Villalpando V, Mira A, Aranda-Romo S. Streptococcus dentisani is a common inhabitant of the oral microbiota worldwide and is found at higher levels in caries-free individuals. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:619-629. [PMID: 34731341 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus dentisani has been proposed as a promising probiotic against tooth decay, due to its ability to buffer acidic pH and to inhibit the growth of oral pathogens. However, it is unknown if this bacterial species has a global distribution. The current study aimed to establish the presence of S. dentisani in oral samples from different geographic locations by identifying the sequence of its 16S rRNA gene in available datasets from across the globe. In addition, an analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out to determine if the levels of this probiotic strain are higher in caries-free individuals compared to those with dental caries. Samples from various geographical sources demonstrated that S. dentisani is present in saliva and dental plaque from individuals of different continents. Typical S. dentisani levels in saliva ranged from 104 to 105 cells/ml and a total of 106-107 cells in dental plaque. Using real-time qPCR, S. dentisani was quantified from supragingival dental plaque of 25 caries-free and 29 caries-active individuals from a Mexican children population, where significantly higher proportions of S. dentisani were found in the caries-free group (p = 0.002). Finally, a negative correlation was found between caries levels (as measured by the dmft caries index) and the percentage of S. dentisani (p < 0.001). Thus, the current manuscript indicates that this species has a global distribution, can be found in saliva and dental plaque, and appears to be present in higher numbers in plaque samples from caries-free children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arantxa López-López
- Department of Health and Genomics, Oral Microbiome Lab, FISABIO Foundation, Avda. Cataluña 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Revilla-Guarinos
- Department of Health and Genomics, Oral Microbiome Lab, FISABIO Foundation, Avda. Cataluña 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anny Camelo-Castillo
- Department of Health and Genomics, Oral Microbiome Lab, FISABIO Foundation, Avda. Cataluña 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Oral Microbiome Lab, FISABIO Foundation, Avda. Cataluña 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Saray Aranda-Romo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Henares D, Rocafort M, Brotons P, de Sevilla MF, Mira A, Launes C, Cabrera-Rubio R, Muñoz-Almagro C. Rapid Increase of Oral Bacteria in Nasopharyngeal Microbiota After Antibiotic Treatment in Children With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:744727. [PMID: 34712623 PMCID: PMC8546175 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.744727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to young children for treating bacterial infections such as invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Despite the obvious benefits of antibiotics, little is known about their possible side effects on children’s nasopharyngeal microbiota. In other ecological niches, antibiotics have been described to perturb the balanced microbiota with short- and long-term effects on children’s health. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children with IPD and different degree of antibiotic exposure. Methods We investigated differences in nasopharyngeal microbiota of two groups of children <18 years with IPD: children not exposed to antibiotics before sample collection (n=27) compared to children previously exposed (n=54). Epidemiological/clinical data were collected from subjects, and microbiota was characterized by Illumina sequencing of V3-V4 amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene. Results Main epidemiological/clinical factors were similar across groups. Antibiotic-exposed patients were treated during a median of 4 days (IQR: 3–6) with at least one beta-lactam (100.0%). Higher bacterial richness and diversity were found in the group exposed to antibiotics. Different streptococcal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were differentially abundant across groups: antibiotic use was associated to lower relative abundances of Streptococcus ASV2 and Streptococcus ASV11 (phylogenetically close to S. pneumoniae), and higher relative abundances of Streptococcus ASV3 and Streptococcus ASV12 (phylogenetically close to viridans group streptococci). ASVs assigned to typical bacteria from the oral cavity, including Veillonella, Alloprevotella, Porphyromonas, Granulicatella, or Capnocytophaga, were associated to the antibiotic-exposed group. Common nosocomial genera such as Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas were also enriched in the group exposed to antibiotics. Conclusion Our results point toward a reduction of S. pneumoniae abundance on the nasopharynx of children with IPD after antibiotic treatment and a short-term repopulation of this altered niche by oral and nosocomial bacteria. Future research studies will have to evaluate the clinical implications of these findings and if these populations would benefit from the probiotic/prebiotic administration or even from the improvement on oral hygiene practices frequently neglected among hospitalized children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Henares
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Muntsa Rocafort
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Brotons
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona F de Sevilla
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Fundacion para el Fomento de la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristian Launes
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Cabrera-Rubio
- Teagasc Food Research Centre (TEAGASC), Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Henares D, Brotons P, de Sevilla MF, Fernandez-Lopez A, Hernandez-Bou S, Perez-Argüello A, Mira A, Muñoz-Almagro C, Cabrera-Rubio R. Differential nasopharyngeal microbiota composition in children according to respiratory health status. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34699345 PMCID: PMC8627214 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) constitute one of the leading causes of antibiotic administration, hospitalization and death among children <5 years old. The upper respiratory tract microbiota has been suggested to explain differential susceptibility to ARIs and modulate ARI severity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation of nasopharyngeal microbiota and other microbiological parameters with respiratory health and disease, and to assess nasopharyngeal microbiota diagnostic utility for discriminating between different respiratory health statuses. We conducted a prospective case-control study at Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (Barcelona, Spain) from 2014 to 2018. This study included three groups of children <18 years with gradual decrease of ARI severity: cases with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (representative of lower respiratory tract infections and systemic infections), symptomatic controls with mild viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and healthy/asymptomatic controls according to an approximate case-control ratio 1:2. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from participants for detection, quantification and serotyping of pneumococcal DNA, viral DNA/RNA detection and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiological parameters were included on case-control classification models. A total of 140 subjects were recruited (IPD=27, URTI=48, healthy/asymptomatic control=65). Children's nasopharyngeal microbiota composition varied according to respiratory health status and infection severity. The IPD group was characterized by overrepresentation of Streptococcus pneumoniae, higher frequency of invasive pneumococcal serotypes, increased rate of viral infection and underrepresentation of potential protective bacterial species such as Dolosigranulum pigrum and Moraxella lincolnii. Microbiota-based classification models differentiated cases from controls with moderately high accuracy. These results demonstrate the close relationship existing between a child's nasopharyngeal microbiota and respiratory health, and provide initial evidence of the potential of microbiota-based diagnostics for differential diagnosis of severe ARIs using non-invasive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Henares
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Brotons
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona F de Sevilla
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alex Mira
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Cabrera-Rubio
- Teagasc Food Research Centre (TEAGASC), Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, County Cork, Ireland
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36
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Angarita-Díaz MP, Simon-Soro A, Forero D, Balcázar F, Sarmiento L, Romero E, Mira A. Evaluation of possible biomarkers for caries risk in children 6 to 12 years of age. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1956219. [PMID: 34434531 PMCID: PMC8381948 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1956219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Electrolytes, proteins, and other salivary molecules play an important role in tooth integrity and can serve as biomarkers associated with caries. Objective: To determine the concentration of potential biomarkers in children without caries (CF) and children with caries (CA). Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected, and the biomarkers quantified in duplicate, using commercial Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits to determine IgA, fibronectin, cathelicidin LL-37, and statherin levels, as well as colorimetric tests to detect formate and phosphate. Results: Significantly higher concentrations of statherin was detected in the CF group (Median: 94,734.6; IQR: 92,934.6-95,113.7) compared to the CA2 group (90,875.0; IQR: 83,580.2-94,633.4) (p = 0.03). Slightly higher median IgA (48,250.0; IQR: 31,461.9-67,418.8) and LL-37 levels (56.1; IQR 43.6-116.2) and a lower concentration of formate were detected in the CF group (0.02; IQR 0.0034-0.15) compared to the group with caries (IgA: 37,776.42; IQR: 33,383.9-44,128.5; LL-37: 46.3; IQR: 40.1011-67.7; formate: 0.10; IQR: 0.01-0.18), but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The fact that these compounds have been identified as good markers for caries among European adults highlights the difficulty of identifying universal biomarkers that are applicable to all ages or to different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Angarita-Díaz
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Department of Health and Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana Forero
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Felipe Balcázar
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Luisa Sarmiento
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Erika Romero
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
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37
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Havsed K, Stensson M, Jansson H, Carda-Diéguez M, Pedersen A, Neilands J, Svensäter G, Mira A. Bacterial Composition and Metabolomics of Dental Plaque From Adolescents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:716493. [PMID: 34395316 PMCID: PMC8362896 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.716493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Supragingival dental plaque samples were collected from 40 Swedish adolescents, including 20 with caries lesions (CAR) and 20 caries-free (CF). Fresh plaque samples were subjected to an ex vivo acid tolerance (AT) test where the proportion of bacteria resistant to an acid shock was evaluated through confocal microscopy and live/dead staining, and the metabolites produced were quantified by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR). In addition, DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by Illumina sequencing, in order to characterize bacterial composition in the same samples. There were no significant differences in AT scores between CAR and CF individuals. However, 7 out of the 10 individuals with highest AT scores belonged to the CAR group. Regarding bacterial composition, Abiotrophia, Prevotella and Veillonella were found at significantly higher levels in CAR individuals (p=0.0085, 0.026 and 0.04 respectively) and Rothia and Corynebacterium at significantly higher levels in CF individuals (p=0.026 and 0.003). The caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans was found at low frequencies and was absent in 60% of CAR individuals. Random-forest predictive models indicate that at least 4 bacterial species or 9 genera are needed to distinguish CAR from CF adolescents. The metabolomic profile obtained by NMR showed a significant clustering of organic acids with specific bacteria in CAR and/or high AT individuals, being Scardovia wiggsiae the species with strongest associations. A significant clustering of ethanol and isopropanol with health-associated bacteria such as Rothia or Corynebacterium was also found. Accordingly, several relationships involving these compounds like the Ethanol : Lactate or Succinate : Lactate ratios were significantly associated to acid tolerance and could be of predictive value for caries risk. We therefore propose that future caries risk studies would benefit from considering not only the use of multiple organisms as potential microbial biomarkers, but also their functional adaptation and metabolic output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Havsed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden.,Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Stensson
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Folktandvården Skåne, The Swedish Dental Service of Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jansson
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Folktandvården Skåne, The Swedish Dental Service of Skåne, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health & Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anders Pedersen
- Swedish NMR Centre, The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Neilands
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alex Mira
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Health & Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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Rosier BT, Palazón C, García-Esteban S, Artacho A, Galiana A, Mira A. A Single Dose of Nitrate Increases Resilience Against Acidification Derived From Sugar Fermentation by the Oral Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:692883. [PMID: 34195102 PMCID: PMC8238012 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.692883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth decay starts with enamel demineralization due to an acidic pH, which arises from sugar fermentation by acidogenic oral bacteria. Previous in vitro work has demonstrated that nitrate limits acidification when incubating complex oral communities with sugar for short periods (e.g., 1-5 h), driven by changes in the microbiota metabolism and/or composition. To test whether a single dose of nitrate can reduce acidification derived from sugar fermentation in vivo, 12 individuals received a nitrate-rich beetroot supplement, which was compared to a placebo in a blinded crossover setting. Sucrose-rinses were performed at baseline and 2 h after supplement or placebo intake, and the salivary pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and lactate were measured. After nitrate supplement intake, the sucrose-induced salivary pH drop was attenuated when compared with the placebo (p < 0.05). Salivary nitrate negatively correlated with lactate production and positively with ΔpH after sucrose exposure (r= -0.508 and 0.436, respectively, both p < 0.05). Two additional pilot studies were performed to test the effect of sucrose rinses 1 h (n = 6) and 4 h (n = 6) after nitrate supplement intake. In the 4 h study, nitrate intake was compared with water intake and bacterial profiles were analysed using 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and qPCR detection of Rothia. Sucrose rinses caused a significant pH drop (p < 0.05), except 1 h and 4 h after nitrate supplement intake. After 4 h of nitrate intake, there was less lactate produced compared to water intake (p < 0.05) and one genus; Rothia, increased in abundance. This small but significant increase was confirmed by qPCR (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Rothia and Neisseria negatively correlated with lactate production (r = -0.601 and -0.669, respectively) and Neisseria positively correlated with pH following sucrose intake (r = 0.669, all p < 0.05). Together, these results show that nitrate can acutely limit acidification when sugars are fermented, which appears to result from lactate usage by nitrate-reducing bacteria. Future studies should assess the longitudinal impact of daily nitrate-rich vegetable or supplement intake on dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Palazón
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Esteban
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Department of Microbiology, General University Hospital of Elche, FISABIO Foundation, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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39
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Johnston W, Rosier BT, Artacho A, Paterson M, Piela K, Delaney C, Brown JL, Ramage G, Mira A, Culshaw S. Mechanical biofilm disruption causes microbial and immunological shifts in periodontitis patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9796. [PMID: 33963212 PMCID: PMC8105330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by subgingival biofilm dysbiosis, inflammation and tissue destruction. Current treatment involves mechanical biofilm disruption known as non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). This study sought to characterise the impact of treatment on microbial diversity and overall community, and the parallel impact on host inflammation in the oral cavity. Fourty-two periodontitis patients were included in this study, with periodontal clinical parameters, subgingival plaque and saliva samples collected at baseline and 90 days after treatment. Salivary cytokines were quantified, and subgingival plaque was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing. After treatment, there were marked health-associated alterations in microbial composition and diversity, including differential abundance of 42 genera and 61 species. These changes were accompanied by substantial clinical improvement (pockets ≥ 5 mm, 27.50% to 9.00%, p < 0.001) and a decrease in salivary IL-1β (p < 0.001)-a putative marker of periodontal inflammation. Despite significant reductions in disease associated anaerobes, several genera (Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Tanenerella, Treponema) remained present and formed a distinct subnetwork associated with residual disease. Collectively, this study shows that current periodontal treatment results in partial restoration of a healthy microbial ecosystem, but features of biofilm dysbiosis and host inflammation remain in some patients, which were surprisingly independent of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Johnston
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - B T Rosier
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Avda. de Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Artacho
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Avda. de Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Paterson
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - K Piela
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - C Delaney
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - J L Brown
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - G Ramage
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - A Mira
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Avda. de Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Monforte de Lemos, 5, ES-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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40
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Mateos-Moreno MV, Mira A, Ausina-Márquez V, Ferrer MD. Oral antiseptics against coronavirus: in-vitro and clinical evidence. J Hosp Infect 2021; 113:30-43. [PMID: 33865974 PMCID: PMC8046704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, so ACE2-expressing cells can act as target cells and are susceptible to infection. ACE2 receptors are highly expressed in the oral cavity, so this may be a potential high-risk route for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the virus can be detected in saliva, even before COVID-19 symptoms appear, with the consequent high risk of virus transmission in asymptomatic/presymptomatic patients. Reducing oral viral load could lead to a lower risk of transmission via salivary droplets or aerosols and therefore contribute to the control of the pandemic. Our aim was to evaluate the available evidence testing the in-vitro and in-vivo effects of oral antiseptics to inactivate or eradicate coronaviruses. The criteria used were those described in the PRISMA declaration for performing systematic reviews. An electronic search was conducted in Medline (via PubMed) and in Web of Sciences, using the MeSH terms: ‘mouthwash’ OR ‘oral rinse’ OR ‘mouth rinse’ OR ‘povidone iodine’ OR ‘hydrogen peroxide’ OR ‘cetylpyridinium chloride’ AND ‘COVID-19’ OR ‘SARS-CoV-2’ OR ‘coronavirus’ OR ‘SARS’ OR ‘MERS’. The initial search strategy identified 619 articles on two electronic databases. Seventeen articles were included assessing the virucidal efficacy of oral antiseptics against coronaviruses. In conclusion, there is sufficient in-vitro evidence to support the use of antiseptics to potentially reduce the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. However, in-vivo evidence for most oral antiseptics is limited. Randomized clinical trials with a control group are needed to demonstrate its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Mateos-Moreno
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Ausina-Márquez
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M D Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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41
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Davison E, Johnston W, Piela K, Rosier BT, Paterson M, Mira A, Culshaw S. The Subgingival Plaque Microbiome, Systemic Antibodies Against Bacteria and Citrullinated Proteins Following Periodontal Therapy. Pathogens 2021; 10:193. [PMID: 33578802 PMCID: PMC7916579 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) shows an association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic inflammation. Periodontal pathogens, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, are proposed to be capable of inducing citrullination of peptides in the gingiva, inducing the formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) within susceptible hosts. Here, we sought to investigate whether periodontal treatment influenced systemic inflammation and antibody titres to P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and ACPA in 42 systemically health patients with periodontal disease. Subgingival plaque and serum samples were collected from study participants before (baseline) and 90 days after treatment to analyse the abundance of specific bacteria and evaluate anti-bacterial antibodies, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and ACPA in serum. Following treatment, all patients showed reduced periodontal inflammation. Despite observing a weak positive correlation between CRP and IL-6 with periodontal inflammation at baseline, we observed no significant reductions in any indicators of systemic inflammation 90 days after treatment. In contrast, anti-P. gingivalis IgG significantly reduced post-treatment (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test), although no changes were observed for other antibody titres. Patients who had detectable P. gingivalis in subgingival plaques had significantly higher anti-P. gingivalis IgG and ACPA titres, suggesting a potential association between P. gingivalis colonisation and systemic antibody titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Davison
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
| | - William Johnston
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
- Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bob T. Rosier
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain; (B.T.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Michael Paterson
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Alex Mira
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain; (B.T.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.D.); (W.J.); (K.P.); (M.P.)
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Matilla-Cuenca L, Gil C, Cuesta S, Rapún-Araiz B, Žiemytė M, Mira A, Lasa I, Valle J. Antibiofilm activity of flavonoids on staphylococcal biofilms through targeting BAP amyloids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18968. [PMID: 33144670 PMCID: PMC7641273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for causing infections related to indwelling medical devices, where this pathogen is able to attach and form biofilms. The intrinsic properties given by the self-produced extracellular biofilm matrix confer high resistance to antibiotics, triggering infections difficult to treat. Therefore, novel antibiofilm strategies targeting matrix components are urgently needed. The Biofilm Associated Protein, Bap, expressed by staphylococcal species adopts functional amyloid-like structures as scaffolds of the biofilm matrix. In this work we have focused on identifying agents targeting Bap-related amyloid-like aggregates as a strategy to combat S. aureus biofilm-related infections. We identified that the flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin and scutellarein specifically inhibited Bap-mediated biofilm formation of S. aureus and other staphylococcal species. By using in vitro aggregation assays and the cell-based methodology for generation of amyloid aggregates based on the Curli-Dependent Amyloid Generator system (C-DAG), we demonstrated that these polyphenols prevented the assembly of Bap-related amyloid-like structures. Finally, using an in vivo catheter infection model, we showed that quercetin and myricetin significantly reduced catheter colonization by S. aureus. These results support the use of polyphenols as anti-amyloids molecules that can be used to treat biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Matilla-Cuenca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Departamento de Salud, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sergio Cuesta
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rapún-Araiz
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Departamento de Salud, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iñigo Lasa
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Departamento de Salud, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jaione Valle
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain.
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Boix-Amorós A, Hernández-Aguilar MT, Artacho A, Collado MC, Mira A. Human milk microbiota in sub-acute lactational mastitis induces inflammation and undergoes changes in composition, diversity and load. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18521. [PMID: 33116172 PMCID: PMC7595153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-acute mastitis (SAM) is a prevalent disease among lactating women, being one of the main reasons for early weaning. Although the etiology and diagnosis of acute mastitis (AM) is well established, little is known about the underlying mechanisms causing SAM. We collected human milk samples from healthy and SAM-suffering mothers, during the course of mastitis and after symptoms disappeared. Total (DNA-based) and active (RNA-based) microbiota were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. Furthermore, mammary epithelial cell lines were exposed to milk pellets, and levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin IL8 were measured. Bacterial load was significantly higher in the mastitis samples and decreased after clinical symptoms disappeared. Bacterial diversity was lower in SAM milk samples, and differences in bacterial composition and activity were also found. Contrary to AM, the same bacterial species were found in samples from healthy and SAM mothers, although at different proportions, indicating a dysbiotic ecological shift. Finally, mammary epithelial cell exposure to SAM milk pellets showed an over-production of IL8. Our work therefore supports that SAM has a bacterial origin, with increased bacterial loads, reduced diversity and altered composition, which partly recovered after treatment, suggesting a polymicrobial and variable etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Boix-Amorós
- Department of Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Paterna, Spain
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Paterna, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Paterna, Spain.
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López-López A, Mira A. Shifts in Composition and Activity of Oral Biofilms After Fluoride Exposure. Microb Ecol 2020; 80:729-738. [PMID: 32529471 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral diseases are biofilm-mediated diseases caused by imbalances in the ecology of resident microflora. Among them, dental caries (tooth decay) is considered the most common disease worldwide, and toothbrushing, which physically eliminates the oral biofilm, is the most widespread prevention strategy. Although it is well established that fluoride increases enamel resistance to acidic pH and promotes tooth remineralization, its effect on the biofilm bacterial communities' composition and metabolism is not fully understood. We have grown in vitro oral biofilms and used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to study the effect of fluoride on DNA- and RNA-based bacterial populations. In addition, a metatranscriptomic approach has also been performed, in which total RNA has been sequenced to study gene expression profiles in the presence/absence of 500 ppm sodium fluoride. Our data show a lower pH drop and a clear shift in total and metabolically active bacterial composition after fluoride exposure. Streptococcus oralis was the species most affected, with a 10-fold reduction in both DNA and RNA samples, whereas Rothia mucilaginosa underwent an 8-fold increase in the DNA and S. salivarius a 4- and 5-fold increase in the RNA and DNA samples, respectively. The metatranscriptomes indicated that fluoride exposure induced a dramatic shutdown of sugar metabolism, including significant under-expression of different sugar transporters, fucosidases, and a pyruvate oxidase, among others. The reduction in saccharolytic organisms and the inhibition of sugar fermentation pathways by fluoride may therefore be considered instrumental for the beneficial effect of fluoride-containing oral hygiene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-López
- Department of Health & Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avda. Cataluña 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Centre on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Mira
- Department of Health & Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avda. Cataluña 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER Centre on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Rosier BT, Moya-Gonzalvez EM, Corell-Escuin P, Mira A. Isolation and Characterization of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria as Potential Probiotics for Oral and Systemic Health. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:555465. [PMID: 33042063 PMCID: PMC7522554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.555465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that the reduction of salivary nitrate by oral bacteria can contribute to prevent oral diseases, as well as increase systemic nitric oxide levels that can improve conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. The objective of the current manuscript was to isolate nitrate-reducing bacteria from the oral cavity of healthy donors and test their in vitro probiotic potential to increase the nitrate-reduction capacity (NRC) of oral communities. Sixty-two isolates were obtained from five different donors of which 53 were confirmed to be nitrate-reducers. Ten isolates were selected based on high NRC as well as high growth rates and low acidogenicity, all being Rothia species. The genomes of these ten isolates confirmed the presence of nitrate- and nitrite reductase genes, as well as lactate utilization genes, and the absence of antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetic elements and virulence genes. The pH at which most nitrate was reduced differed between strains. However, acidic pH 6 always stimulated the reduction of nitrite compared to neutral pH 7 or slightly alkaline pH 7.5 (p < 0.01). We tested the effect of six out of 10 isolates on in vitro oral biofilm development in the presence or absence of 6.5 mM nitrate. The integration of the isolates into in vitro communities was confirmed by Illumina sequencing. The NRC of the bacterial communities increased when adding the isolates compared to controls without isolates (p < 0.05). When adding nitrate (prebiotic treatment) or isolates in combination with nitrate (symbiotic treatment), a smaller decrease in pH derived from sugar metabolism was observed (p < 0.05), which for some symbiotic combinations appeared to be due to lactate consumption. Interestingly, there was a strong correlation between the NRC of oral communities and ammonia production even in the absence of nitrate (R = 0.814, p < 0.01), which indicates that bacteria involved in these processes are related. As observed in our study, individuals differ in their NRC. Thus, some may have direct benefits from nitrate as a prebiotic as their microbiota naturally reduces significant amounts, while others may benefit more from a symbiotic combination (nitrate + nitrate-reducing probiotic). Future clinical studies should test the effects of these treatments on oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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46
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Ferrer MD, López-López A, Nicolescu T, Perez-Vilaplana S, Boix-Amorós A, Dzidic M, Garcia S, Artacho A, Llena C, Mira A. Topic Application of the Probiotic Streptococcus dentisani Improves Clinical and Microbiological Parameters Associated With Oral Health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:465. [PMID: 32984080 PMCID: PMC7488176 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dentisani 7746, isolated from dental plaque of caries-free individuals, has been shown to have several beneficial effects in vitro which could contribute to promote oral health, including an antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens by the production of bacteriocins and a pH buffering capacity through ammonia production. Previous work has shown that S. dentisani was able to colonize the oral cavity for 2–4 weeks after application. The aim of the present work was to evaluate its clinical efficacy by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Fifty nine volunteers were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to a treatment or placebo group. The treatment consisted of a bucco-adhesive gel application (2.5 109 cfu/dose) with a dental splint for 5 min every 48 h, for a period of 1 month (i.e., 14 doses). Dental plaque and saliva samples were collected at baseline, 15 and 30 days after first application, and 15 days after the end of treatment. At baseline, there was a significant correlation between S. dentisani levels and frequency of toothbrushing. Salivary flow, a major factor influencing oral health, was significantly higher in the probiotic group at day 15 compared with the placebo (4.4 and 3.4 ml/5 min, respectively). In the probiotic group, there was a decrease in the amount of dental plaque and in gingival inflammation, but no differences were observed in the placebo group. The probiotic group showed a significant increase in the levels of salivary ammonia and calcium. Finally, Illumina sequencing of plaque samples showed a beneficial shift in bacterial composition at day 30 relative to baseline, with a reduction of several cariogenic organisms and the key players in plaque formation, probably as a result of bacteriocins production. Only 58% of the participants in the probiotic group showed increased plaque levels of S. dentisani at day 30 and 71% by day 45, indicating that the benefits of S. dentisani application could be augmented by improving colonization efficiency. In conclusion, the application of S. dentisani 7746 improved several clinical and microbiological parameters associated with oral health, supporting its use as a probiotic to prevent tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Ferrer
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu López-López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Teodora Nicolescu
- Clínica Odontológica, Fundació Lluís Alcanyis, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Boix-Amorós
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Majda Dzidic
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Garcia
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Clínica Odontológica, Fundació Lluís Alcanyis, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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Rosier BT, Buetas E, Moya-Gonzalvez EM, Artacho A, Mira A. Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12895. [PMID: 32732931 PMCID: PMC7393384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary glands actively concentrate plasma nitrate, leading to high salivary nitrate concentrations (5–8 mM) after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Nitrate is an ecological factor that can induce rapid changes in structure and function of polymicrobial communities, but the effects on the oral microbiota have not been clarified. To test this, saliva of 12 healthy donors was collected to grow in vitro biofilms with and without 6.5 mM nitrate. Samples were taken at 5 h (most nitrate reduced) and 9 h (all nitrate reduced) of biofilm formation for ammonium, lactate and pH measurements, as well as 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Nitrate did not affect biofilm growth significantly, but reduced lactate production, while increasing the observed ammonium production and pH (all p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of the oral health-associated nitrate-reducing genera Neisseria (3.1 ×) and Rothia (2.9 ×) were detected in the nitrate condition already after 5 h (both p < 0.01), while several caries-associated genera (Streptococcus, Veillonella and Oribacterium) and halitosis- and periodontitis-associated genera (Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 at 5 h and/or 9 h). In conclusion, the addition of nitrate to oral communities led to rapid modulation of microbiome composition and activity that could be beneficial for the host (i.e., increasing eubiosis or decreasing dysbiosis). Nitrate should thus be investigated as a potential prebiotic for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Buetas
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - E M Moya-Gonzalvez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
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48
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Hernández M, Planells P, Martínez E, Mira A, Carda-Diéguez M. Microbiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization lesions. A pilot study. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1766166. [PMID: 32595912 PMCID: PMC7301705 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1766166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: An insufficient mineralization (hypomineralization) in the teeth during the maturation stage of amelogenesis cause defects in 3–44% of children. Here, we describe for the first time the microbiota associated with these defects and compared it to healthy teeth within the same subjects. Methods: Supragingival dental plaque was sampled from healthy and affected teeth from 25 children with molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Total DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by Illumina sequencing in order to describe the bacterial composition. Results: We detected a higher bacterial diversity in MIH samples, suggesting better bacterial adhesion or higher number of niches in those surfaces. We found the genera Catonella, Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Tannerella, Centipeda, Streptobacillus, Alloprevotella and Selenomonas associated with hypomineralized teeth, whereas Rothia and Lautropia were associated with healthy sites. Conclusion: The higher protein content of MIH-affected teeth could favour colonization by proteolytic microorganisms. The over-representation of bacteria associated with endodontic infections and periodontal pathologies suggests that, in addition to promote caries development, MIH could increase the risk of other oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Martínez
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain
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49
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Žiemytė M, Rodríguez-Díaz JC, Ventero MP, Mira A, Ferrer MD. Effect of Dalbavancin on Staphylococcal Biofilms When Administered Alone or in Combination With Biofilm-Detaching Compounds. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:553. [PMID: 32362877 PMCID: PMC7180179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms grown in biofilms are more resistant to antimicrobial treatment and immune system attacks compared to their planktonic forms. In fact, infections caused by biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are a large threat for public health, including patients with medical devices. The aim of the current manuscript was to test the effect of dalbavancin, a recently developed lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, alone or in combination with compounds contributing to bacterial cell disaggregation, on staphylococcal biofilm formation and elimination. We used real-time impedance measurements in microtiter plates to study biofilm growth dynamics of S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains, in the absence or presence of dalbavancin, linezolid, vancomycin, cloxacillin, and rifampicin. Further experiments were undertaken to check whether biofilm-detaching compounds such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ficin could enhance dalbavancin efficiency. Real-time dose–response experiments showed that dalbavancin is a highly effective antimicrobial, preventing staphylococcal biofilm formation at low concentrations. Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations were up to 22 higher compared to standard E-test values. Dalbavancin was the only antimicrobial that could halt new biofilm formation on established biofilms compared to the other four antibiotics. The addition of NAC decreased dalbavancin efficacy while the combination of dalbavancin with ficin was more efficient than antibiotic alone in preventing growth once the biofilm was established. Results were confirmed by classical biofilm quantification methods such as crystal violet (CV) staining and viable colony counting. Thus, our data support the use of dalbavancin as a promising antimicrobial to treat biofilm-related infections. Our data also highlight that synergistic and antagonistic effects between antibiotics and biofilm-detaching compounds should be carefully tested in order to achieve an efficient treatment that could prevent both biofilm formation and disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglë Žiemytė
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan C Rodríguez-Díaz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - María P Ventero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D Ferrer
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Dzidic M, Mira A, Artacho A, Abrahamsson TR, Jenmalm MC, Collado MC. Allergy development is associated with consumption of breastmilk with a reduced microbial richness in the first month of life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:250-257. [PMID: 31736150 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early colonization with a diverse microbiota seems to play a crucial role for appropriate immune maturation during childhood. Breastmilk microbiota is one important source of microbes for the infant, transferred together with maternal IgA antibodies. We previously observed that allergy development during childhood was associated with aberrant IgA responses to the gut microbiota already at 1 month of age, when the IgA antibodies are predominantly maternally derived in breastfed infants. OBJECTIVE To determine the microbial composition and IgA-coated bacteria in breastmilk in relation to allergy development in children participating in an intervention trial with pre- and post-natal Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation. METHODS A combination of flow cytometric cell sorting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial recognition patterns by IgA in breastmilk samples collected one month post-partum from 40 mothers whose children did or did not develop allergic and asthmatic symptoms during the first 7 years of age. RESULTS The milk fed to children developing allergic manifestations had significantly lower bacterial richness, when compared to the milk given to children that remained healthy. Probiotic treatment influenced the breastmilk microbiota composition. However, the proportions of IgA-coated bacteria, the total bacterial load and the patterns of IgA-coating were similar in breastmilk between mothers of healthy children and those developing allergies. CONCLUSION Consumption of breastmilk with a reduced microbial richness in the first month of life may play an important role in allergy development during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda Dzidic
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER-ESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas R Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
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