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Padilla S, Ledesma C, García-Abellán J, García JA, Fernández-González M, de la Rica A, Galiana A, Gutiérrez F, Masiá M. Long COVID across SARS-CoV-2 variants, lineages, and sublineages. iScience 2024; 27:109536. [PMID: 38585665 PMCID: PMC10995878 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to determine the prevalence of long COVID in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection from March 2020 to July 2022 and assess the impact of different viral lineages. A total of 2,524 patients were followed up for 12 months, with persistent symptoms reported in 35.2% at one month, decreasing thereafter. Omicron variant patients initially showed higher symptom intensity, but this trend diminished over time. Certain viral lineages, notably Delta lineages AY.126 and AY.43, and Omicron sublineages BA.1.17, BA.2.56, and BA.5.1, consistently correlated with more severe symptoms. Overall, long COVID prevalence and severity were similar across SARS-CoV-2 variants. Specific lineages may influence post-COVID sequelae persistence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Padilla
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Ledesma
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier García-Abellán
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alberto García
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-González
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba de la Rica
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Masiá
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Riera N, Salazar C, Rivera B, Galiana A, Durán R, Portela MM, Antelo V, Pi B, González Ó, Iraola G. Genetically divergent Francisella philomiragia associated with septic arthritis, Montevideo, Uruguay. New Microbes New Infect 2024; 57:101210. [PMID: 38261949 PMCID: PMC10797181 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report a case of septic arthritis associated with a genetically divergent Francisella philomiragia strain in a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis and Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) in Maldonado, Uruguay. In this study mass spectrometry together with whole-genome sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology allowed for the correct identification of the etiologic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Riera
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center for Innovation in Epidemiological Surveillance, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Salazar
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center for Innovation in Epidemiological Surveillance, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bernardina Rivera
- Center for Innovation in Epidemiological Surveillance, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable and Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Rosario Durán
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable and Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Magdalena Portela
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable and Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Beatriz Pi
- Asistencial Médica de Maldonado, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | | | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center for Innovation in Epidemiological Surveillance, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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Papa-Ezdra R, Araújo L, Caiata L, Ferreira F, Ávila P, Seija V, Galiana A, Bado I, Vignoli R. Corrigendum to 'In vitro effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam in combination with aztreonam on carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales' [Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 35 (2023) 62-66]. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:355. [PMID: 38035928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Papa-Ezdra
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Araújo
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Caiata
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Federica Ferreira
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Ávila
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Seija
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Área Microbiología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Bado
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Vignoli
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Salazar C, Giménez M, Riera N, Parada A, Puig J, Galiana A, Grill F, Vieytes M, Mason CE, Antelo V, D'Alessandro B, Risso J, Iraola G. Human microbiota drives hospital-associated antimicrobial resistance dissemination in the urban environment and mirrors patient case rates. Microbiome 2022; 10:208. [PMID: 36457116 PMCID: PMC9715416 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbial community composition of urban environments is primarily determined by human activity. The use of metagenomics to explore how microbial communities are shaped in a city provides a novel input that can improve decisions on public health measures, architectural design, and urban resilience. Of note, the sewage system in a city acts as a complex reservoir of bacteria, pharmaceuticals, and antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes that can be an important source of epidemiological information. Hospital effluents are rich in patient-derived bacteria and can thus readily become a birthplace and hotspot reservoir for antibiotic resistant pathogens which are eventually incorporated into the environment. Yet, the scope to which nosocomial outbreaks impact the urban environment is still poorly understood. RESULTS In this work, we extensively show that different urban waters from creeks, beaches, sewage spillways and collector pipes enclose discrete microbial communities that are characterized by a differential degree of contamination and admixture with human-derived bacteria. The abundance of human bacteria correlates with the abundance of AMR genes in the environment, with beta-lactamases being the top-contributing class to distinguish low vs. highly-impacted urban environments. Indeed, the abundance of beta-lactamase resistance and carbapenem resistance determinants in the urban environment significantly increased in a 1-year period. This was in line with a pronounced increase of nosocomial carbapenem-resistant infections reported during the same period that was mainly driven by an outbreak-causing, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) ST-11 strain. Genome-resolved metagenomics of urban waters before and after this outbreak, coupled with high-resolution whole-genome sequencing, confirmed the dissemination of the ST-11 strain and a novel KPC megaplasmid from the hospital to the urban environment. City-wide analysis showed that geospatial dissemination of the KPC megaplasmid in the urban environment inversely depended on the sewage system infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS We show how urban metagenomics and outbreak genomic surveillance can be coupled to generate relevant information for infection control, antibiotic stewardship, and pathogen epidemiology. Our results highlight the need to better characterize and understand how human-derived bacteria and antimicrobial resistance disseminate in the urban environment to incorporate this information in the development of effluent treatment infrastructure and public health policies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Salazar
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matias Giménez
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nadia Riera
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Parada
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Josefina Puig
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Verónica Antelo
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruno D'Alessandro
- Servicio de Evaluación de la Calidad y Control Ambiental, Intendencia de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jimena Risso
- Servicio de Evaluación de la Calidad y Control Ambiental, Intendencia de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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García-Abellán J, Galiana A, Fernández-González M, Gonzalo-Jiménez N, Ruiz-García M, Botella A, Sanchis J, Mascarell P, Falcón S, Masiá M, Gutiérrez F. Late reinfection with a different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 clade in a patient with refractory arterial hypertension: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:454. [PMID: 34488872 PMCID: PMC8419670 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiating between persistent infection with intermittent viral shedding and reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 remains challenging. Although a small number of cases with genomic evidence of second infection have been reported, limited information exists on frequency and determinants of reinfection, time between infections, and duration of immunity after the primary infection. Case presentation We report a reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a 52-year-old caucasian male whose primary infection was diagnosed in May 2020, during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain, and the second occurred 8 months later, in January 2021. We present a complete dataset including results from real-time polymerase chain reaction, serology, and genome sequencing confirming reinfection with a different clade. Noteworthy was that the patient was immunocompetent but had multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities, including refractory arterial hypertension, that might increase the individual risk in coronavirus disease 2019. Conclusions This case of reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 occurring several months after the primary infection reports the longest time interval between reinfection and initial infection described to date. It raises concerns on the duration of protective immunity, suggesting that it may begin to wane in patients who acquired the initial infection during the first wave of the pandemic. The potential contributing role of arterial hypertension and cardiometabolic comorbidities as risk factors for reinfection deserves investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Abellán
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General de Elche, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-González
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nieves Gonzalo-Jiménez
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General de Elche, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz-García
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General de Elche, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Angela Botella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Joan Sanchis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paula Mascarell
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Selene Falcón
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mar Masiá
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
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Masiá M, Fernández-González M, Telenti G, Agulló V, García JA, Padilla S, García-Abellán J, Galiana A, Gonzalo-Jiménez N, Gutiérrez F. Durable antibody response one year after hospitalization for COVID-19: A longitudinal cohort study. J Autoimmun 2021; 123:102703. [PMID: 34303083 PMCID: PMC8289631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Durability of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be defined. We longitudinally evaluated during a 12-month period the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, and analysed predictors of antibody titres decline and seroreversion. Methods Prospective study conducted in a cohort of patients hospitalized for microbiologically-confirmed COVID-19. Blood and nasopharyngeal samples were sequentially obtained during hospital stay and at 1, 2, 6 and 12 months after patients’ discharge for measuring anti-spike (S) and anti-nucleocapsid (N) IgG antibody levels and SARS-CoV-2 RNA, respectively. Results 80 non-vaccinated patients were analysed. At month 12 after discharge, 73 (91.2%) patients exhibited detectable S-IgG and 35 (43.8%) N-IgG antibody titres. A gradual wane was observed in S-IgG and N-IgG antibody titres. Linear regression showed that S-IgG decline was positively associated with peak antibody titres (coefficient [95% CI] 0.059 [0.05–0.067], p < 0.001), inversely with WHO severity score (coefficient [95% CI] −0.042 [-0.079/-0.004], p = 0.033), and there was a trivial positive association with age (coefficient [95% CI] 0.002 [0–0.005], p = 0.10); N-IgG decline was positively associated with peak antibody titres (coefficient [95% CI] 0.091 [0.078–0.105], p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that seroreversion for S-IgG was inversely associated with peak S-IgG (OR 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.45; p = 0.004); seroreversion for N-IgG was inversely associated with peak N-IgG (OR 0.71; 95% 0.53–0.90; p = 0.009) and positively with cycle threshold of RT-PCR (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00–1.33; p = 0.062). Conclusion Anti-spike IgG antibodies remain detectable one year after hospitalization for COVID-19. Higher peak antibody titres and disease severity were associated with increased durability of detectable antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Masiá
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain; Clinical Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Guillermo Telenti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Vanesa Agulló
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - José A García
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain; Clinical Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Galiana
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain; Clinical Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
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García-Abellán J, Padilla S, Fernández-González M, García JA, Agulló V, Andreo M, Ruiz S, Galiana A, Gutiérrez F, Masiá M. Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 is Associated with Long-term Clinical Outcome in Patients with COVID-19: a Longitudinal Study. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1490-1501. [PMID: 34273064 PMCID: PMC8285689 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The relationship of host immune response and viral replication with health outcomes in patients with COVID-19 remains to be defined. We aimed to characterize the medium and long-term clinical, virological, and serological outcomes after hospitalization for COVID-19, and to identify predictors of long-COVID. Methods Prospective, longitudinal study conducted in COVID-19 patients confirmed by RT-PCR. Serial blood and nasopharyngeal samples (NPS) were obtained for measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA and S-IgG/N-IgG antibodies during hospital stay, and at 1, 2, and 6 months post-discharge. Genome sequencing was performed where appropriate. Patients filled out a COVID-19 symptom questionnaire (CSQ) at 2-month and 6-month visits, and those with highest scores were characterized. Results Of 146 patients (60% male, median age 64 years) followed-up, 20.6% required hospital readmission and 5.5% died. At 2 months and 6 months, 9.6% and 7.8% patients, respectively, reported moderate/severe persistent symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was positive in NPS in 11.8% (median Ct = 38) and 3% (median Ct = 36) patients at 2 months and 6 months, respectively, but no reinfections were demonstrated. Antibody titers gradually waned, with seroreversion occurring at 6 months in 27 (27.6%) patients for N-IgG and in 6 (6%) for S-IgG. Adjusted 2-month predictors of the highest CSQ scores (OR [95%CI]) were lower peak S-IgG (0.80 [0.66–0.94]) and higher WHO severity score (2.57 [1.20–5.86]); 6-month predictors were lower peak S-IgG (0.89 [0.79–0.99]) and female sex (2.41 [1.20–4.82]); no association was found with prolonged viral RNA shedding. Conclusions Long-COVID is associated with weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, severity of illness, and female gender. Late clinical events and persistent symptoms in the medium and long term occur in a significant proportion of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-021-01083-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Abellán
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Clinical Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-González
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - José A García
- Statistics, Operational Research Center, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Vanesa Agulló
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Andreo
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain. .,Clinical Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Mar Masiá
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain. .,Clinical Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
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Rosier BT, Palazón C, García-Esteban S, Artacho A, Galiana A, Mira A. A Single Dose of Nitrate Increases Resilience Against Acidification Derived From Sugar Fermentation by the Oral Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:692883. [PMID: 34195102 PMCID: PMC8238012 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.692883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth decay starts with enamel demineralization due to an acidic pH, which arises from sugar fermentation by acidogenic oral bacteria. Previous in vitro work has demonstrated that nitrate limits acidification when incubating complex oral communities with sugar for short periods (e.g., 1-5 h), driven by changes in the microbiota metabolism and/or composition. To test whether a single dose of nitrate can reduce acidification derived from sugar fermentation in vivo, 12 individuals received a nitrate-rich beetroot supplement, which was compared to a placebo in a blinded crossover setting. Sucrose-rinses were performed at baseline and 2 h after supplement or placebo intake, and the salivary pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and lactate were measured. After nitrate supplement intake, the sucrose-induced salivary pH drop was attenuated when compared with the placebo (p < 0.05). Salivary nitrate negatively correlated with lactate production and positively with ΔpH after sucrose exposure (r= -0.508 and 0.436, respectively, both p < 0.05). Two additional pilot studies were performed to test the effect of sucrose rinses 1 h (n = 6) and 4 h (n = 6) after nitrate supplement intake. In the 4 h study, nitrate intake was compared with water intake and bacterial profiles were analysed using 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and qPCR detection of Rothia. Sucrose rinses caused a significant pH drop (p < 0.05), except 1 h and 4 h after nitrate supplement intake. After 4 h of nitrate intake, there was less lactate produced compared to water intake (p < 0.05) and one genus; Rothia, increased in abundance. This small but significant increase was confirmed by qPCR (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Rothia and Neisseria negatively correlated with lactate production (r = -0.601 and -0.669, respectively) and Neisseria positively correlated with pH following sucrose intake (r = 0.669, all p < 0.05). Together, these results show that nitrate can acutely limit acidification when sugars are fermented, which appears to result from lactate usage by nitrate-reducing bacteria. Future studies should assess the longitudinal impact of daily nitrate-rich vegetable or supplement intake on dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Palazón
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Esteban
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Department of Microbiology, General University Hospital of Elche, FISABIO Foundation, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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Merino E, Gimeno A, Alcalde M, Coy J, Boix V, Molina-Pardines C, Ventero MP, Galiana A, Caro E, Rodríguez JC. Impact of Sepsis Flow Chip, a novelty fast microbiology method, in the treatment of bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34:193-199. [PMID: 33764003 PMCID: PMC8179947 DOI: 10.37201/req/109.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the information provided by the new Sepsis Chip Flow system (SFC) and other fast microbiological techniques on the selection of the appropriate antimicrobial treatment by the clinical researchers of an antimicrobial stewardship team. Methods Two experienced clinical researchers performed the theoretical exercise of independently selecting the treatment for patients diagnosed by bacteremia due to bacilli gram negative (BGN). At first, the clinicians had only available the clinical characteristics of 74 real patients. Sequentially, information regarding the Gram stain, MALDI-TOF, and SFC from Vitro were provided. Initially, the researchers prescribed an antimicrobial therapy based on the clinical data, later these data were complementing with information from microbiological techniques, and the clinicians made their decisions again. Results The data provided by the Gram stain reduced the number of patients prescribed with combined treatments (for clinician 1, from 23 to 7, and for clinician 2, from 28 to 12), but the use of carbapenems remained constant. In line with this, the data obtained by the MALDI-TOF also decreased the combined treatment, and the use of carbapenems remained unchanged. By contrast, the data on antimicrobial resistance provided by the SFC reduced the carbapenems treatment. Conclusions From the theoretical model the Gram stain and the MALDI-TOF results achieved a reduction in the combined treatment. However, the new system tested (SFC), due to the resistance mechanism data provided, not only reduced the combined treatment, it also decreased the prescription of the carbapenems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - C Molina-Pardines
- Carmen Molina Pardines, Department of Microbiology, General University Hospital of Alicante-ISABIAL, Spain.
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10
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Masiá M, Padilla S, Galiana A, Fernández-González M, Gutiérrez F. Incidence of delayed asymptomatic COVID-19 recurrences in a 6-month longitudinal study. J Infect 2021; 82:276-316. [PMID: 33794262 PMCID: PMC8007189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Masiá
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel, Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel, Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General de Elche, Camí de la Almazara S/N, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-González
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel, Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel, Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain
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11
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Garcia-Fulgueiras V, Magallanes C, Reyes V, Cayota C, Galiana A, Vieytes M, Vignoli R, Márquez C. In Vivo High Plasticity of Multi-Drug Resistant ST258 Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:1126-1130. [PMID: 33275861 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales clinical isolates is a global threat. Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring carbapenemases are a major concern among the hospital settings in Latin America. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic relatedness between three isolates of K. pneumoniae recovered from one patient in the same bacteriological round on the same day, which exhibited different susceptibility profiles to carbapenems (CP) and to colistin (Col). Isolates' profiles were as follows (susceptible-S/resistant-R): CPS/ColR, CPR/ColR, and CPR/ColS. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, and whole genome sequencing were performed. Conjugation assays were carried out and PCR determination in transconjugants (Tcs) was made for: blaCTX-M-groups, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaTEM, qnr alleles, aac(6')Ib-cr, ermB, and plasmid incompatibility groups (Inc). Results: All isolates belonged to the same clone, to ST258 and harbored blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, qnrA1, qnrB1, aac(6')Ib-cr, and wzi154 (capsule-locus KL107). One isolate had additional wzi gene, wzi109 (capsule-locus KL36). In CPR isolates, the pattern was explained for blaNDM-1 or blaNDM-1/blaKPC-2 presence, and in ColR for IS5-like element insertion in mgrB at different positions. Co-mobilization of blaNDM-1/qnrA1 was associated to a different plasmid Inc (A/C-FII) in both blaNDM-1 donors. Mobilization of blaCTX-M-14 was related to IncI1 in one donor. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential plasticity of ST258 K. pneumoniae clone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of blaNDM-1/blaKPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae ST258 in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Garcia-Fulgueiras
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carmen Magallanes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Reyes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camila Cayota
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariela Vieytes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Vignoli
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Márquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Costa D, Betancor L, Gadea P, Cabezas L, Caiata L, Palacio R, Seija V, Galiana A, Vieytes M, Cristophersen I, Calleros L, Iraola G. Polyclonal Campylobacter fetus Infections Among Unrelated Patients, Montevideo, Uruguay, 2013-2018. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 70:1236-1239. [PMID: 31309972 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Montevideo (2013-2018), 8 Campylobacter fetus extraintestinal infections were reported. The polyclonal nature of strains revealed by whole-genome sequencing and the apparent lack of epidemiological links was incompatible with a single contamination source, supporting alternative routes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Costa
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Betancor
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pilar Gadea
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Repartición Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Cabezas
- Repartición Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Caiata
- Repartición Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Palacio
- Repartición Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Seija
- Repartición Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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13
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Vega-Magaña N, Galiana A, Jave-Suárez LF, Garcia-Benavides L, del Toro-Arreola S, Andrade-Villanueva JF, González-Hernández LA, Cremades R, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Flores-Miramontes MG, Haramati J, Meza-Arroyo J, Bueno-Topete MR. Microbiome alterations are related to an imbalance of immune response and bacterial translocation in BDL-rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2020; 23:178-185. [PMID: 32405360 PMCID: PMC7211354 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.36487.8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacterial translocation in patients with cirrhosis is an important triggering factor for infections and mortality. In the bile duct ligation (BDL) model, crucial players of bacterial translocation are still unknown. This study aims to determine the interrelation between microbiome composition in the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver, as well as the local inflammatory microenvironment in the BDL model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver damage was assayed by Masson trichrome staining, and hepatic enzymes. The diversity of microbiota in colon stools, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver was determined by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Cytokine expression in mesenteric lymph nodes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results show that Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum found to translocate to mesenteric lymph nodes and liver in cirrhotic rats. Bile duct ligation induces a drastic intestinal dysbiosis, revealed by an increased relative abundance of Sarcina, Clostridium, Helicobacter, Turicibacter, and Streptococcus genera. However, beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Prevotella and Ruminococcus were found to be notably decreased in BDL groups. Mesenteric pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR-4) and regulatory (TGF-β, Foxp3, and IL-10) molecules at 30 days post-BDL were significantly increased. Conversely, TGF-β and Foxp3 were significantly augmented at 8 days post-BDL. CONCLUSION Dysbiosis in the colon and mesenteric lymph nodes is linked to an imbalance in the immune response; therefore, this may be an important trigger for bacterial translocation in the BDL model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Vega-Magaña
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH. Departamento de Clínicas Médicas. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Antonio Galiana
- FISABIO Fundación para el fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la comunidad de Valencia. CP 46015, España
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suárez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Leonel Garcia-Benavides
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 45425, Tonalá, Jalisco, México
| | - Susana del Toro-Arreola
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jaime Federico Andrade-Villanueva
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH. Departamento de Clínicas Médicas. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Unidad de VIH, Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”. CP 44280, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Luz Alicia González-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH. Departamento de Clínicas Médicas. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Unidad de VIH, Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”. CP 44280, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Rosa Cremades
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Lemarroy
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - María Guadalupe Flores-Miramontes
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jesse Haramati
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 44600, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jesús Meza-Arroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 46600, Ameca, Jalisco, México
| | - Miriam Ruth Bueno-Topete
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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López Caro JC, Santibáñez M, García Rivero JL, Villanueva M, Sainz J, González Astorqui P, Hierro M, Rodríguez Porres M, Paras Bravo P, Mira A, Rodriguez JC, Galiana A. Sputum Microbiome Dynamics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients during an Exacerbation Event and Post-Stabilization. Respiration 2019; 98:447-454. [PMID: 31437842 DOI: 10.1159/000501988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects up to 65 million people worldwide, and COPD exacerbation causes tissue damage and subsequent loss of lung function. It is a multifactorial event in which respiratory infections are involved, but little is known about its dynamics. OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to determine the microbiome composition during an exacerbation event and post-stabilization. METHODS We conducted an observational analytical study of a cohort of 55 COPD patients in which 2 sputum samples (the first taken during an exacerbation event and the second during clinical post-stabilization) were submitted to 16s RNA ribosomal analysis by Illumina Miseq Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The presence of respiratory viruses was also determined. RESULTS Our study found a stable microbiome composition in the post-stabilization sputum samples of COPD patients, and 4 additional microbiomes in samples taken during the exacerbation, 3 of which showed a marked dysbiosis by Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia. The fourth exacerbation microbiome had a very similar composition to post-stabilization samples, but some pathogens such as Moraxella and respiratory viruses were also found. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the main protagonists involved in lung microbiome dynamics during an exacerbation event and post-stabilization in COPD patients by NGS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Santibáñez
- Nursing Department, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Luis García Rivero
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital de Laredo, Servicio Cántabro de Salud (SCS), Laredo, Spain
| | - Manuel Villanueva
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital de Avilés, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Avilés, Spain
| | - Jesús Sainz
- Centro de Salud de Santoña, Servicio Cántabro de Salud (SCS), Castro Urdiales, Santoña, Spain
| | | | - Margarita Hierro
- Centro de Salud de La Barrera, Servicio Cántabro de Salud (SCS), Castro Urdiales, Spain
| | | | - Paula Paras Bravo
- Nursing Department, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Oral Microbiome Laboratory, Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública (CSISP-FISABIO), Conselleria de Sanitat, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, University General Hospital of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Fundacion para el Fomento de la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunidad Valenciana, Department of Microbiology, University General Hospital of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain,
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Álvarez-Paredes L, Santibañez M, Galiana A, Rodríguez Díaz JC, Parás-Bravo P, Andrada-Becerra ME, Ruiz García MM, Rodríguez-Ingelmo JM, Portilla-Sogorb J, Paz-Zulueta M. Association of Human Papillomavirus Genotype 16 Viral Variant and Viral Load with Cervical High-grade Intraepithelial Lesions. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:547-556. [PMID: 31208965 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus genotype 16 (HPV16) is by far the genotype most strongly associated with cervical cancer; viral variant and/or viral load of HPV16 could modulate this association. The objective was to determine the association between the viral variant and viral load of HPV16 and the presence of cervical high-grade lesions. This cross-sectional study included all women in whom HPV infection was found by cervical smear during routine gynecologic health checks. Women with single or multiple HPV16 infections (n = 176) were selected for viral variant and viral load analysis. Smear results were classified using the Bethesda system. HPV types were classified according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by logistic regression, adjusted for age, immigrant status, and coinfection with other high-risk genotypes. No statistically significant associations were found regarding the detected viral variants. A viral load above the median (>1,367.79 copies/cell) was associated with a significant risk of high-grade epithelial lesion or carcinoma, after adjusting for age, immigrant status, coinfections, and viral variant: (adjusted OR 7.89; 95% CI: 2.75-22.68). This relationship showed a statistically significant dose-response pattern after categorizing by viral load tertiles: adjusted OR for a viral load greater than the third tertile was 17.23 (95% CI: 4.20-70.65), with adjusted linear P trend = 0.001. In patients infected with HPV16, viral load is associated with high-grade intraepithelial lesions or cervical carcinoma. This could be useful as prognostic biomarker of neoplastic progression and as screening for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Santibañez
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Research Group-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Department of Microbiology, University General Hospital of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Paula Parás-Bravo
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Research Group-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Paz-Zulueta
- Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain. IDIVAL, GI Derecho Sanitario y Bioetica, GRIDES, Cantabria, Spain.
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Camelo-Castillo A, Henares D, Brotons P, Galiana A, Rodríguez JC, Mira A, Muñoz-Almagro C. Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Children With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: Identification of Bacteria With Potential Disease-Promoting and Protective Effects. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 30745895 PMCID: PMC6360994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The risk of suffering from some infectious diseases can be related to specific microbiota profiles. Specifically, the nasopharyngeal microbiota could play a role as a risk or protective factor in the development of invasive disease caused by S. pneumoniae. Methodology: We analyzed the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and that of healthy controls matched by age, sex, and seasonality from Catalonia, Spain. Epidemiological, microbiological and clinical variables were considered to compare microbiota profiles, analyzed by sequencing the V1-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: Twenty-eight children with IPD (median age 43 months) and 28 controls (42.6 months) were included in the study. IPD children presented a significantly higher bacterial diversity and richness (p < 0.001). Principal coordinate analysis revealed three different microbiota profiles: microbiota A, dominated by the genus Dolosigranulum (44.3%); Microbiota B, mostly represented by Streptococcus (36.9%) and Staphylococcus (21.3%) and a high diversity of anaerobic genera including Veillonella, Prevotella and Porphyromonas; and Microbiota C, mainly containing Haemophilus (52.1%) and Moraxella (31.4%). The only explanatory factor for the three microbiotas was the classification of children into disease or healthy controls (p = 0.006). A significant negative correlation was found between Dolosigranulum vs. Streptococcus (p = 0.029), suggesting a potential antagonistic effect against pneumococcal pathogens. Conclusions: The higher bacterial diversity and richness in children with IPD could suggest an impaired immune response. This lack of immune competence could be aggravated by breastfeeding <6 months and by the presence of keystone pathogens such as Porphyromonas, a bacterium which has been shown to be able to manipulate the immune response, and that could favor the overgrowth of many proteolytic anaerobic organisms giving rise to a dramatic dysbiosis. From an applied viewpoint, we found suggestive microbiota profiles associated to IPD or asymptomatic colonization that could be used as disease biomarkers or to pave the way for characterizing health-associated inhabitants of the respiratory tract. The identification of beneficial bacteria could be useful to prevent pneumococcal infections by integrating those microorganisms in a probiotic formula. The present study suggests not only respiratory tract samples, but also breast milk, as a potential source of those beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Camelo-Castillo
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Desirée Henares
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Brotons
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Alex Mira
- Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Álvarez VE, Campos J, Galiana A, Borthagaray G, Centrón D, Márquez Villalba C. Genomic analysis of the first isolate of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from Uruguay. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 15:109-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Taborda A, Rey R, Bruno G, Vaucher A, Grill F, Vieytes M, Galiana A. Two years experience on the use of molecular biology techniques in neuroinfections. Preliminary cohort at Maciel Hospital. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Parra M, Alcala A, Amoros C, Baeza A, Galiana A, Tarragó D, García-Quesada MÁ, Sánchez-Hellín V. Encephalitis associated with human herpesvirus-7 infection in an immunocompetent adult. Virol J 2017; 14:97. [PMID: 28545483 PMCID: PMC5445330 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) infection usually occurs during childhood and causes several clinical manifestations: mainly exanthem subitum (roseola infantum), followed by a lifelong latent state with possible reactivation in case of immunodeficiency. Nevertheless, some considerably different approaches exist regarding the natural history of HHV-7 and the possible consequences of HHV-7 infection in immunocompetent adults. In particular, little is known about its pathogenic role in central nervous system (CNS) disease in nonimmunosuppressed adults. Specifically, in case of encephalitis, it is important to distinguish between infectious encephalitis and postinfectious encephalomyelitis for the management of patients CASE PRESENTATION: We describe here a case of encephalitis associated to human herpesvirus-7 with associated polymyeloradiculopathy in an immunocompetent patient which may contribute to the delineation of the approach to a patient profile with a similar clinical presentation and evolution to those presented in the literature. CONCLUSIONS This case may alert clinicians to consider this specific etiology in the differential diagnosis of encephalopathy in patients with suspected infectious encephalitis who do not respond to acyclovir or in patients who develop acute polymyeloradiculopathy, considering that HHV-7 may be a pathological factor and that a timely diagnosis is crucial for the early administration of specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Parra
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camino Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Adoración Alcala
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Cristina Amoros
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Anna Baeza
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camino Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - David Tarragó
- Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Victoria Sánchez-Hellín
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camino Almazara 11, 03203, Elche, Spain.
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Galiana A, Coy J, Gimeno A, Guzman NM, Rosales F, Merino E, Royo G, Rodríguez JC. Evaluation of the Sepsis Flow Chip assay for the diagnosis of blood infections. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177627. [PMID: 28542614 PMCID: PMC5436663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood infections are serious complex conditions that generally require rapid diagnosis and treatment. The big challenge is to reduce the time necessary to make a diagnosis with current clinical microbiological methods so as to improve the treatment given to patients. Methods In this study, we assess for the first time the Sepsis Flow Chip assay, which is a novel diagnostic assay for simultaneous rapid-detection of the vast majority of bloodstream pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, in the same assay, and for the detection of most common antibiotic resistance genes. The SFC assay is based on multiplex PCR and low density DNA arrays. Results Positive blood cultures from 202 consecutive bacteremia patients were analyzed by SFC assay and the results were compared with the results obtained by the gold standard methodology used in clinical microbiology diagnostic laboratories (EUCAST guidelines). SFC assay overall sensitivity and specificity for bacterial identification were 93.3% and 100% respectively and sensitivity and specificity for the identification of antibiotic genetic resistance determinants were 93.6% and 100% respectively. Conclusions This is the first evaluation of SFC assay in clinical samples. This new method appears to be very promising by combining the high number of distinct pathogens and genetic resistance determinants identified in a single assay. Further investigations should be done to evaluate the usefulness of this assay in combination with clinical multidisciplinary groups (stewardship), in order for the results to be applied appropriately to the management of patients`infectious processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Galiana
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO) Elche, Spain
| | - Javier Coy
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL - FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Adelina Gimeno
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL - FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Noemi Marco Guzman
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL - FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Rosales
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL - FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Esperanza Merino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL - FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Gloria Royo
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO) Elche, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL - FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Andres-Franch M, Galiana A, Sanchez-Hellin V, Ochoa E, Hernandez-Illan E, Lopez-Garcia P, Castillejo A, Castillejo MI, Barbera VM, Garcia-Dura J, Gomez-Romero FJ, Royo G, Soto JL. Streptococcus gallolyticus infection in colorectal cancer and association with biological and clinical factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174305. [PMID: 28355283 PMCID: PMC5371321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unambiguous association of Streptococcus gallolyticus infection with colorectal cancer, although there is limited information about epidemiology or interaction between molecular and environmental factors. We performed an original quantitative analysis of S. gallolyticus in unselected colorectal cancer patients (n = 190) and their association with clinical, pathological tumor molecular profiles (microsatellite instability, hypermethylator phenotype and chromosomal instability pathways), and other biological factors in colorectal tumor and normal tissues (cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection). We developed a new quantitative method to assess bacterial load. Analytical validation was reached with a very high sensitivity and specificity. Our results showed a 3.2% prevalence of S. gallolyticus infection in our unselected cohort of colorectal cancer cases (6/190). The average S. gallolyticus copy number was 7,018 (range 44–34,585). No previous reports relating to S. gallolyticus infection have been published for unselected cohorts of patients. Finally, and despite a low prevalence of S. gallolyticus in this study, we were able to define a specific association with tumor tissue (p = 0.03) and with coinfection with Epstein-Barr virus (p = 0.042; OR: 9.49; 95% IC: 1.1–82.9). The prevalence data provided will be very useful in the design of future studies, and will make it possible to estimate the sample size needed to assess precise objectives. In conclusion, our results show a low prevalence of S. gallolyticus infection in unselected colorectal cancer patients and an association of positive S. gallolyticus infection with tumor tissue and Epstein-Barr virus coinfection. Further studies will be needed to definitively assess the prevalence of S. gallolyticus in colorectal cancer and the associated clinicopathological and molecular profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Microbiology Dept., Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Ochoa
- Biopathology Dept., Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eva Hernandez-Illan
- Research Lab, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pilar Lopez-Garcia
- Microbiology Dept., Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Adela Castillejo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Castillejo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Victor Manuel Barbera
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Josefa Garcia-Dura
- Microbiology Dept., Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Royo
- Microbiology Dept., Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Soto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
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Ouaryi A, Boularbah A, Sanguin H, Hafidi M, Baudoin E, Ouahmane L, Le Roux C, Galiana A, Prin Y, Duponnois R. High potential of symbiotic interactions between native mycorrhizal fungi and the exotic tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis for phytostabilization of metal-contaminated arid soils. Int J Phytoremediation 2016; 18:41-47. [PMID: 26529094 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1058335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste dumps generated by mining activities contain heavy metals that are dispersed into areas leading to significant environmental contamination. The objectives of this study were (i) to survey native plants and their associated AM fungal communities from waste soils in a Moroccan mine site and (ii) to follow Eucalyptus growth in soil collected from the waste-mine. AM spores from native plant species were collected from the mining site and the surrounding uncontaminated areas were multiplied and inoculated onto Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The results showed that (i) the native plant species recorded in the waste did not show an active metal uptake, (ii) the selected native plant species are associated with AM mycorrhizal fungi and (iii) the use of AM fungi adapted to these drastic conditions can improve the growth of the fast-growing tree, E. camaldulensis and its tolerance to high soil Cu content. In conclusion, it is suggested that in order to define efficient low-cost phytostabilization processes, the use of native resources (i.e., mixtures of native mycorrhizal fungi) in combination with fast-growing tree species such as Eucalyptus, could be used to optimize the establishment of a permanent cover plant in contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ouaryi
- a Laboratoire Ecologie & Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Maroc
- b Laboratoire d'Aliment, Environnement et Santé, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques-Marrakech, Université CadiAyyad , Marrakech , Maroc
| | - A Boularbah
- b Laboratoire d'Aliment, Environnement et Santé, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques-Marrakech, Université CadiAyyad , Marrakech , Maroc
| | - H Sanguin
- c CIRAD, UMR LSTM , Montpellier , France
| | - M Hafidi
- a Laboratoire Ecologie & Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Maroc
| | - E Baudoin
- d IRD, UMR LSTM , Montpellier , France
| | - L Ouahmane
- a Laboratoire Ecologie & Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Maroc
| | - C Le Roux
- c CIRAD, UMR LSTM , Montpellier , France
| | - A Galiana
- c CIRAD, UMR LSTM , Montpellier , France
| | - Y Prin
- c CIRAD, UMR LSTM , Montpellier , France
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Aguirre E, Galiana A, Mira A, Guardiola R, Sánchez-Guillén L, Garcia-Pachon E, Santibañez M, Royo G, Rodríguez JC. Analysis of microbiota in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. APMIS 2015; 123:427-32. [PMID: 25858184 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To identify the bacterial diversity (microbiota) in expectorated sputum, a pyrosequencing method that investigates complex microbial communities of expectorated sputum was done in 19 stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (mean (SD) FEV1: 47 (18%) of predicted value). Using conventional culture, 3 phyla and 20 bacterial genera were identified, whereas the pyrosequencing approach detected 9 phyla and 43 genera (p < 0.001). In sputum the prevalent genera with pyrosequencing approach were Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Rothia, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Veillonella. Enterobacteriaceae, detected frequently in conventional culture, were not significantly detected with pyrosequencing methods. In addition, we found that important pathogens such as Haemophilus and Moraxella were detected more frequently with the new genetic procedures. The presence of Enterobacteriaceae is probably overestimated with conventional culture, whereas other difficult cultivable pathogens are underestimated. These studies open a new perspective for evaluating the role of bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Aguirre
- Section of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Santibáñez M, Aguirre E, Belda S, Aragones N, Saez J, Rodríguez JC, Galiana A, Sola-Vera J, Ruiz-García M, Paz-Zulueta M, Sarabia-Lavín R, Brotons A, López-Girona E, Pérez E, Sillero C, Royo G. Relationship between tobacco, cagA and vacA i1 virulence factors and bacterial load in patients infected by Helicobacter pylori. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120444. [PMID: 25794002 PMCID: PMC4368826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Several biological and epidemiological studies support a relationship between smoking and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to increase the risk of pathology. However, there have been few studies on the potential synergistic association between specific cagA and vacA virulence factors and smoking in patients infected by Helicobacter pylori. We studied the relationship between smoking and cagA, vacA i1 virulence factors and bacterial load in H. pylori infected patients. Methods Biopsies of the gastric corpus and antrum from 155 consecutive patients in whom there was clinical suspicion of infection by H. pylori were processed. In 106 patients H. pylori infection was detected. Molecular methods were used to quantify the number of microorganisms and presence of cagA and vacA i1 genes. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain patients’ clinical data and lifestyle variables, including tobacco and alcohol consumption. Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORadjusted) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. Results cagA was significantly associated with active-smoking at endoscope: ORadjusted 4.52. Evidence of association was found for vacA i1 (ORadjusted 3.15). Bacterial load was higher in active-smokers, although these differences did not yield statistical significance (median of 262.2 versus 79.4 copies of H. pylori per cell). Conclusions The association between smoking and a higher risk of being infected by a virulent bacterial population and with higher bacterial load, support a complex interaction between H. pylori infection and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santibáñez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Estefanía Aguirre
- Microbiology S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Sofía Belda
- Microbiology S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Nuria Aragones
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Saez
- Digestive Medicine S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Microbiology S. Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante, Spain
- Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Microbiology S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Javier Sola-Vera
- Digestive Medicine S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | | | - María Paz-Zulueta
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Brotons
- Digestive Medicine S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Elena López-Girona
- Microbiology S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Estefanía Pérez
- Digestive Medicine S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Carlos Sillero
- Digestive Medicine S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Gloria Royo
- Microbiology S. Elche University General Hospital, Elche (Alicante), Spain
- Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
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Galiana A, Sánchez-Guillén L, Rodríguez JC, Cremades R, Santibañez M, Ferrari R, Ruiz-García M, López P, Royo G. [Characterization of gene expression associated with both the AcrAB/TolC system and the membrane permeability, in Salmonella spp isolates with and without gyrA mutation]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2014; 27:239-243. [PMID: 25536427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. The marA, soxS, ramA, acrB and ompF genes have been studied in order to characterize mechanisms of AcrAB-TolC active efflux pumps and membrane permeability alterations that reduce fluoroquinolones susceptibility in Salmonella spp. Methods. Mutations in marA, soxS, ramA, acrB and ompF genes were detected, as well as their expression levels in presence and absence of ciprofloxacin, calculating the level of change between them by qPCR. Data were analysed by using SPSS 19.0. Results. No mutations in these genes were found, but both AcrAB-TolC regulatory genes and structural acrB gene expression were affected by ciprofloxacin in both mutant strains and wild type bacterial strains (WT). The activation of the marA gene in presence of drug was higher in WT strains (level of change 0.823) than in mutants strains (level of change 0.158; p=0.049). In gyrA mutants, a reduction in ompF gene expression in presence of ciprofloxacin was found (level of change -0.949 p=0.017). Conclusion. The reduction of fluoroquinolones susceptibility in Salmonella spp is a complex process, in which several different bacterial mechanisms are involved. This study has found a high difference in the degree of participation among studied mechanisms, between bacterial strains with and without gyrA mutation. Whereas WT strains activated efflux pumps especially through marA gene, mutants supressed ompF gene expression related to porins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Galiana
- Juan Carlos Rodríguez, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Sección de Microbiología, C/ Pintor Baeza 10 - 03010 Alicante, Spain.
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Álvarez-Paredes L, López-Riquelme N, Rodríguez JC, Santibañez M, Belda S, Galiana A, López P, Ruiz-García M, Royo G. Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Effect of Different Criteria for Elimination of Duplicates. Chemotherapy 2014; 59:453-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000362785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Marquez C, Ingold A, Echeverría N, Acevedo A, Vignoli R, García-Fulgueiras V, Viroga J, Gonzalez O, Odizzio V, Etulain K, Nuñez E, Albornoz H, Borthagaray G, Galiana A. Emergence of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Uruguay: infection control and molecular characterization. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 2:58-63. [PMID: 25356345 PMCID: PMC4184659 DOI: 10.1002/nmi2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the first outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP), the infection control measures adopted and the shift in resistance patterns of isolates during antibiotic treatment. The ST258 KPC-KP strain exhibited a multiresistant antibiotic phenotype including co-resistance to gentamycin, colistin and tigecycline intermediate susceptibility. Isolates before and after treatment had different behaviour concerning their antibiotic susceptibility and the population analysis profile study. A progressive increase in the aminoglycosides (acquiring amicacin resistance) and β-lactam MICs, and a decreased susceptibility to fosfomycin was observed throughout the administration of combined antimicrobial regimens including meropenem. A high meropenem resistance KPC-KP homogeneous population (MIC 256 Jg/mL), could arise from the meropenem heterogeneous low-level resistance KPC-KP population (MIC 8 Jg/mL), by the selective pressure of the prolonged meropenem therapy. The kpc gene was inserted in a Tn4401 isoform a, and no transconjugants were detected. The core measures adopted were successful to prevent evolution towards resistance dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marquez
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias y de Química-UdelaR, Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Ingold
- Facultad de Química-UdelaR, Cátedra de Microbiología, UdelaRMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - N Echeverría
- Facultad de Química-UdelaR, Cátedra de Microbiología, UdelaRMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Acevedo
- Facultad de Química-UdelaR, Cátedra de Microbiología, UdelaRMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Vignoli
- Dpto Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene/Facultad de Medicina-UdelaRMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - V García-Fulgueiras
- Dpto Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene/Facultad de Medicina-UdelaRMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - J Viroga
- Laboratorio Gram/Microbiología, Sanatorio SemmMautoneMaldonado, Uruguay
| | - O Gonzalez
- Laboratorio Gram/Microbiología, Sanatorio SemmMautoneMaldonado, Uruguay
| | - V Odizzio
- Comité de Infecciones, Sanatorio SemmMautoneMaldonado, Uruguay
| | - K Etulain
- Comité de Infecciones, Sanatorio SemmMautoneMaldonado, Uruguay
| | - E Nuñez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Sanatorio SemmMautoneMaldonado, Uruguay
| | - H Albornoz
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital MacielMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Borthagaray
- Facultad de Química-UdelaR, Bioquímica ClínicaMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Galiana
- Dpto Microbiología, Hospital Maciel, UDYCIMontevideo, Uruguay
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Galiana A, Aguirre E, Rodriguez JC, Mira A, Santibañez M, Candela I, Llavero J, Garcinuño P, López F, Ruiz M, Garcia-Pachon E, Royo G. Sputum microbiota in moderate versus severe patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 2013; 43:1787-90. [PMID: 24311775 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00191513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Galiana
- Section of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Estefania Aguirre
- Section of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez
- Section of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juana Llavero
- Emergency Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Garcinuño
- Section of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco López
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Section of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Pachon
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gloria Royo
- Section of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Ferrari R, Galiana A, Cremades R, Rodríguez JC, Magnani M, Tognim MCB, Oliveira TCRM, Royo G. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and mutations in the topoisomerase genes of Salmonella enterica strains from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:651-6. [PMID: 24294265 PMCID: PMC3833171 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify mutations in the Quinolone Resistance Determining sources Regions (QRDR) of the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes and to determine if any of the qnr variants or the aac(6')-Ib-cr variant were present in strains of Salmonella spp. isolated in Brazil. A total of 126 Salmonella spp. strains from epidemic (n = 114) and poultry (n = 12) origin were evaluated. One hundred and twelve strains (88.8%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL) and 29 (23.01%) showed a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (Cip). The mutations identified were substitutions limited to the QRDR of the gyrA gene in the codons for Serine 83, Aspartate 87 and Alanine 131. The sensitivity to NAL seems to be a good phenotypic indication of distinguishing mutated and non-mutated strains in the QRDR, however the double mutation in gyrA did not cause resistance to ciprofloxacin. The qnrA1 and qnrB19 genes were detected, respectively, in one epidemic strain of S. Enteritidis and one strain of S. Corvallis of poultry origin. Despite previous detection of qnr genes in Brazil, this is the first report of qnr gene detection in Salmonella, and also the first detection of qnrB19 gene in this country. The results alert for the continuous monitoring of quinolone resistance determinants in order to minimize the emergence and selection of Salmonella spp. strains showing reduced susceptibility or resistance to quinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Ferrari
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Ferrari RG, Galiana A, Cremades R, Rodríguez JC, Magnani M, Tognim MCB, Oliveira TCRM, Royo G. Expression of the marA, soxS, acrB and ramA genes related to the AcrAB/TolC efflux pump in Salmonella enterica strains with and without quinolone resistance-determining regions gyrA gene mutations. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:125-30. [PMID: 23453941 PMCID: PMC9427363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted in recent years to elucidate the structure, function and significance of AcrB, MarA, SoxS and RamA in Salmonella enterica. In this study, the relative quantification of acrB, soxS, marA and ramA genes expression was evaluated in 14 strains of S. enterica, with or without accompanying mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA gene, that were exposed to ciprofloxacin during the exponential growth phase. The presence of ciprofloxacin during the log phase of bacterial growth activated the genes marA, soxS, ramA and acrB in all S. enterica strains analyzed in this study. The highest expression levels for acrB were observed in strains with gyrA mutation, and marA showed the highest expression in the strains without mutation. Considering only the strains with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration values < 0.125 μg/mL (sensitive to ciprofloxacin), the most expressed gene in the strains both with and without mutations was acrB. In the strains with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration values ≥ 0.125 μg/mL (low susceptibility), with and without mutations in gyrA, the most expressed gene was marA. In this study, we observed that strains resistant to nalidixic acid may express genes associated with the efflux pump and the expression of the AcrAB-TolC pump genes seems to occur independently of mutations in gyrA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
- Agricultural Sciences Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Belda S, Saez J, Santibáñez M, Rodríguez JC, Galiana A, Sola-Vera J, Ruiz-García M, Brotons A, López-Girona E, Girona E, Sillero C, Royo G. Quantification of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa by real-time polymerase chain reaction: comparison with traditional diagnostic methods. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74:248-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Noguera O, López-Riquelme N, Rodríguez JC, Santibañez M, Álvarez L, Galiana A, Ruiz-García M, López-García P, Royo G. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae over 18 years: effect of different systems for eliminating duplicates. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:189-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Guerra SE, Albornoz H, Rosa R, Rios G, Bagnulo H, Camou T, Galiana A, Pilatti A, Reherman G, Godino M. Central-line associated bacteremia in intensive care units in Uruguay. 2007-2010 national data. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239507 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-o9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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34
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Cremades R, Rodríguez JC, García-Pachón E, Galiana A, Ruiz-García M, López P, Royo G. Comparison of the bactericidal activity of various fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an in vitro experimental model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2281-3. [PMID: 21733966 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the bactericidal activity of various fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the latent and exponential growth phases. METHODS Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were tested against 16 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates (4 resistant and 12 susceptible to fluoroquinolones) from Elche, Spain, isolated between 1992 and 2009. To study bactericidal activity, an inoculum of approximately 10(5) cfu of each isolate was cultured in Middlebrook 7H9 broth. The broth was previously acidified to pH 4.6 to obtain the microorganism in the stationary phase. Cultures with different concentrations (0.1 to 50 mg/L) of antibiotic and antibiotic-free controls were incubated for 48 h then plated onto Middlebrook 7H11 to detect bacterial killing. In all stages of the process the M. tuberculosis strain ATCC 41323 was included as a quality control to ensure reproducible results. RESULTS Moxifloxacin and levofloxacin were found to exhibit bactericidal activity at lower concentrations and against more strains in both the latent and the exponential growth phases compared with ciprofloxacin. The bactericidal activity of moxifloxacin was greater than that of levofloxacin against microorganisms in the exponential growth phase, but the opposite was true in the latent phase. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm the usefulness of moxifloxacin in the treatment of tuberculosis and suggest that levofloxacin may be used as an alternative drug in the treatment of latent tuberculosis when it is not possible to use isoniazid. Based on the results presented, ciprofloxacin appears to be a poor choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cremades
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Ferrari R, Galiana A, Cremades R, Rodriguez JC, Magnani M, Tognim MCB, Oliveira TCRM, Royo G. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance by genes qnrA1 and qnrB19 in Salmonella strains isolated in Brazil. J Infect Dev Ctries 2011; 5:496-8. [PMID: 21727652 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the importance of the mechanisms involved in quinolone resistance, this study evaluate the presence of PMQR in 126 epidemic and not epidemic strains of Salmonella spp. It was noted that presence of PMQR, by itself, did not generate resistance to ciprofloxacin; but detection of qnr genes in Salmonella spp. and the identification of the qnrB19 variant in a strain of poultry origin alert for the indiscriminate use of quinolones in poultry production, that can result in a pressure for mutant selection of resistant strains with a clinical limitation use of FQs in the near future. And last but not least, is the need to continued study of resistance mechanisms and to monitor the microbial resistance profile of epidemiological strains.
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Noguera O, Lopez-Riquelme N, Rodriguez JC, Belda S, Galiana A, Ruiz-Garcia M, Lopez-Garcia P, Royo G. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae over 18 years: effect of different systems for eliminating duplicates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2182-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Perrineau MM, Le Roux C, de Faria SM, de Carvalho Balieiro F, Galiana A, Prin Y, Béna G. Genetic diversity of symbiotic Bradyrhizobium elkanii populations recovered from inoculated and non-inoculated Acacia mangium field trials in Brazil. Syst Appl Microbiol 2011; 34:376-84. [PMID: 21531520 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acacia mangium is a legume tree native to Australasia. Since the eighties, it has been introduced into many tropical countries, especially in a context of industrial plantations. Many field trials have been set up to test the effects of controlled inoculation with selected symbiotic bacteria versus natural colonization with indigenous strains. In the introduction areas, A. mangium trees spontaneously nodulate with local and often ineffective bacteria. When inoculated, the persistence of inoculants and possible genetic recombination with local strains remain to be explored. The aim of this study was to describe the genetic diversity of bacteria spontaneously nodulating A. mangium in Brazil and to evaluate the persistence of selected strains used as inoculants. Three different sites, several hundred kilometers apart, were studied, with inoculated and non-inoculated plots in two of them. Seventy-nine strains were isolated from nodules and sequenced on three housekeeping genes (glnII, dnaK and recA) and one symbiotic gene (nodA). All but one of the strains belonged to the Bradyrhizobium elkanii species. A single case of housekeeping gene transfer was detected among the 79 strains, suggesting an extremely low rate of recombination within B. elkanii, whereas the nodulation gene nodA was found to be frequently transferred. The fate of the inoculant strains varied depending on the site, with a complete disappearance in one case, and persistence in another. We compared our results with the sister species Bradyrhizobium japonicum, both in terms of population genetics and inoculant strain destiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Perrineau
- CIRAD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales & Méditerranéennes, Montpellier, France
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Ferrari R, Cremades R, Galiana A, Oiveira T, Carlos Rodriguez J. Mechanisms of Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Salmonella spp. CDTH 2011. [DOI: 10.2174/157488511794079068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cremades R, Galiana A, Rodriguez JC, Santos A, Lopez P, Ruiz M, Garcia-Pachon E, Royo G. Identification of bacterial DNA in noninfectious pleural fluid with a highly sensitive PCR method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 82:130-5. [PMID: 21178326 DOI: 10.1159/000322003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial DNA due to bacterial translocation has been identified in noninfectious ascitic fluid samples. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the possible presence of bacterial DNA in the pleural fluid of patients with pleural effusions of noninfectious origin, using a highly sensitive PCR-based method. METHODS Pleural fluid samples from 175 patients (average age ± SD: 69 ± 14 years) with noninfectious pleural effusion (62 transudates, 113 exudates) were analyzed. Bacterial DNA was detected using nested PCR with amplification of a fragment of the gene r16S, with 2 amplification protocols, i.e. low sensitivity (10 and 40 cycles) and high sensitivity (40 and 40 cycles). RESULTS With the less sensitive amplification process, only 1 sample was positive (Haemophilus parainfluenzae in a patient with hepatic hydrothorax). With the highly sensitive nested PCR method, bacterial DNA was identified in the pleural fluid, of both transudative and exudative origin, of 75 of the 175 patients (43%). In cases of isolation of a single bacterium, the more frequent were Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Streptococcus pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of its origin, bacterial DNA can be identified in almost half of noninfectious pleural effusions by using a highly sensitive PCR-based method. The possible clinical significance or prognostic value of these findings deserves to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cremades
- Section of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario, Elche, Spain
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Benoit SR, Estivariz C, Mogdasy C, Pedreira W, Galiana A, Galiana A, Bagnulo H, Gorwitz R, Fosheim GE, McDougal LK, Jernigan D. Community strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as potential cause of healthcare-associated infections, Uruguay, 2002-2004. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:1216-23. [PMID: 18680644 PMCID: PMC2600392 DOI: 10.3201/eid1408.071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-associated MRSA appears to be replacing healthcare-associated MRSA strain types in at least 1 facility and is a cause of healthcare-onset infections. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains have emerged in Uruguay. We reviewed Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a large healthcare facility in Montevideo (center A) and obtained information from 3 additional hospitals on patients infected with CA-MRSA. An infection was defined as healthcare-onset if the culture was obtained >48 hours after hospital admission. At center A, the proportion of S. aureus infections caused by CA-MRSA increased from 4% to 23% over 2 years; the proportion caused by healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) decreased from 25% to 5%. Of 182 patients infected with CA-MRSA, 38 (21%) had healthcare-onset infections. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis determined that 22 (92%) of 24 isolates were USA1100, a community strain. CA-MRSA has emerged in Uruguay and appears to have replaced HA-MRSA strains at 1 healthcare facility. In addition, CA-MRSA appears to cause healthcare-onset infections, a finding that emphasizes the need for infection control measures to prevent transmission within healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Benoit
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Remigi P, Faye A, Kane A, Deruaz M, Thioulouse J, Cissoko M, Prin Y, Galiana A, Dreyfus B, Duponnois R. The exotic legume tree species Acacia holosericea alters microbial soil functionalities and the structure of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:1485-93. [PMID: 18203858 PMCID: PMC2258654 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02427-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of microbial functional diversity as well as its resistance to stress or disturbances caused by the introduction of an exotic tree species, Acacia holosericea, ectomycorrhized or not with Pisolithus albus, was examined. The results show that this ectomycorrhizal fungus promotes drastically the growth of this fast-growing tree species in field conditions after 7 years of plantation. Compared to the crop soil surrounding the A. holosericea plantation, this exotic tree species, associated or not with the ectomycorrhizal symbiont, induced strong modifications in soil microbial functionalities (assessed by measuring the patterns of in situ catabolic potential of microbial communities) and reduced soil resistance in response to increasing stress or disturbance (salinity, temperature, and freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles). In addition, A. holosericea strongly modified the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus communities. These results show clearly that exotic plants may be responsible for important changes in soil microbiota affecting the structure and functions of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Remigi
- IRD, UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SUP-AGRO/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
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Ouahmane L, Hafidi M, Thioulouse J, Ducousso M, Kisa M, Prin Y, Galiana A, Boumezzough A, Duponnois R. Improvement of Cupressus atlantica Gaussen growth by inoculation with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 103:683-90. [PMID: 17714402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to determine whether inoculation with native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi could improve survival and growth of seedlings in degraded soils of Morocco. METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of Cupressus atlantica trees in the N'Fis valley (Haut Atlas, Morocco). AM spores were extracted from the soil, identified and this mixture of native AM fungi was propagated on maize for 12 weeks on a sterilized soil to enrich the fungal inoculum. Then C. atlantica seedlings were inoculated with and without (control) mycorrhizal maize roots, cultured in glasshouse conditions and further, transplanted into the field. The experiment was a randomized block design with one factor and three replication blocks. The results showed that a high AM fungal diversity was associated with C. atlantica; native AM fungi inoculation was very effective on the growth of C. atlantica seedlings in glasshouse conditions and this plant growth stimulation was maintained for 1 year after outplanting. CONCLUSIONS Inoculation of C. atlantica with AM fungi increased growth and survival in greenhouse and field. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The data indicate that use of native species of AM fungi may accelerate reforestation of degraded soils. Further studies have to be performed to determine the persistence of these mycorrhizae for a longer period of plantation and to measure the effects of this microbial inoculation on soil biofunctioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ouahmane
- Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Marrakech, Maroc
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Dabire AP, Hien V, Kisa M, Bilgo A, Sangare KS, Plenchette C, Galiana A, Prin Y, Duponnois R. Responses of soil microbial catabolic diversity to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and soil disinfection. Mycorrhiza 2007; 17:537-545. [PMID: 17457622 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-007-0126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although it is usually admitted that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are key components in soil bio-functioning, little is known on the response of microbial functional diversity to AM inoculation. The aims of the present study were to determine the influence of Glomus intraradices inoculum densities on plant growth and soil microflora functional diversity in autoclaved soil or non-disinfected soil. Microbial diversity of soil treatments was assessed by measuring the patterns of in situ catabolic potential of microbial communities. The soil disinfection increased sorghum growth, but lowered catabolic evenness (4.8) compared to that recorded in the non-disinfected soil (6.5). G. intraradices inoculation induced a higher plant growth in the autoclaved soil than in the non-disinfected soil. This AM effect was positively related to inoculum density. Catabolic evenness and richness were positively correlated with the number of inoculated AM propagules in the autoclaved soil, but negatively correlated in the non-disinfected soil. In addition, after soil disinfection and AM inoculation, these microbial functionality indicators had higher values than in the autoclaved or in the non-disinfected soil without AM inoculation. These results are discussed in relation to the ecological influence of AM inoculation, with selected fungal strains and their associated microflora on native soil microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Dabire
- INERA, Laboratoire SEP (Sol-Plante-Eau), 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- IRD, UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/AGRO-M/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - V Hien
- INERA, Laboratoire SEP (Sol-Plante-Eau), 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - M Kisa
- IRD, UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/AGRO-M/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Bilgo
- INERA, Laboratoire SEP (Sol-Plante-Eau), 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - K S Sangare
- IRD, UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/AGRO-M/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Plenchette
- INRA, UMR BGA, 17 rue Sully, 21065, Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - A Galiana
- CIRAD, UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/AGRO-M/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Y Prin
- CIRAD, UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/AGRO-M/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R Duponnois
- IRD, UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/AGRO-M/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Bagnulo H, Godino M, Galiana A, Bertulo M, Pedreira W. Are routine endotracheal aspirates predictive of the etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia? Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095141 DOI: 10.1186/cc5247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Xue X, Galiana A, Pedreira W, Mowszowicz M, Christophersen I, Machiavello S, Lope L, Benaderet S, Buela F, Vicentino W, Albini M, Bertaux O, Constenla I, Bagnulo H, Llosa L, Ito T, Hiramatsu K. Community-acquired Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.3201/1106.041059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xue
- Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Walter Pedreira
- Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay;Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Benaderet
- Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernanda Buela
- Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Walter Vicentino
- Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Llosa
- Ministerio del Interior, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Ma XX, Galiana A, Pedreira W, Mowszowicz M, Christophersen I, Machiavello S, Lope L, Benaderet S, Buela F, Vicentino W, Albini M, Bertaux O, Constenla I, Bagnulo H, Llosa L, Ito T, Hiramatsu K. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:973-6. [PMID: 15963301 PMCID: PMC3367603 DOI: 10.3201/eid1106.041059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone (Uruguay clone) with a non–multidrug-resistant phenotype caused a large outbreak, including 7 deaths, in Montevideo, Uruguay. The clone was distinct from the highly virulent community clone represented by strain MW2, although both clones carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene and cna gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter Pedreira
- Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Benaderet
- Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernanda Buela
- Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Walter Vicentino
- Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Llosa
- Ministerio del Interior, Montevideo, Uruguay
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André S, Galiana A, Le Roux C, Prin Y, Neyra M, Duponnois R. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis enhanced the efficiency of inoculation with two Bradyrhizobium strains and Acacia holosericea growth. Mycorrhiza 2005; 15:357-364. [PMID: 15616831 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-004-0340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two strains of Bradyrhizobium sp., Aust 13C and Aust 11C, were dually or singly inoculated with an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus albus to assess the interactions between ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and the nodulation process in glasshouse conditions. Sequencing of strains Aust 13C and Aust 11C confirmed their previous placement in the genus Bradyrhizobium. After 4 months' culture, the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis promoted plant growth and the nodulation process of both Bradyrhizobium strains, singly or dually inoculated. PCR/RFLP analysis of the nodules randomly collected in each treatment with Aust 13C and/or Aust 11C: (1) showed that all the nodules exhibited the same patterns as those of the Bradyrhizobium strains, and (2) did not detect contaminant rhizobia. When both Bradyrhizobium isolates were inoculated together, but without P. albus IR100, Aust 11C was recorded in 13% of the treated nodules compared to 87% for Aust 13C, whereas Aust 11C and Aust 13C were represented in 20 and 80% of the treated nodules, respectively, in the ectomycorrhizal treatment. Therefore Aust 13C had a high competitive ability and a great persistence in soil. The presence of the fungus did not significantly influence the frequencies of each Bradyrhizobium sp. root nodules. Although the mechanisms remain unknown, these results showed that the ectomycorrhizal and biological nitrogen-fixing symbioses were very dependent on each other. From a practical point of view, the role of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is of great importance to N2 fixation and, consequently, these kinds of symbiosis must be associated in any controlled inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S André
- UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/AGRO-M/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France
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48
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Atallah F, Bastide-Heulin T, Soulié M, Crouzil F, Galiana A, Samii K, Virenque C. Haemodynamic changes during retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86:731-3. [PMID: 11575354 DOI: 10.1093/bja/86.5.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical removal of phaeochromocytoma may be accompanied by acute cardiovascular changes. We report the haemodynamic changes in seven patients with retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma. Transient hypertension (systolic pressure (SBP) > 160 mm Hg) was observed in all patients during manipulation of the tumour, in two patients during pneumoretroperitoneum insufflation, and in one patient during intubation. Small doses of nicardipine were sufficient to control these episodes of hypertension. Transient hypotension (SBP < 100 mm Hg) was observed in two patients during exsufflation and in one patient during repositioning to the lateral position. Our observations suggest that this approach provides relative haemodynamic stability, especially during pneumoretroperitoneum insufflation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Atallah
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse University Hospitals, France
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Hortal M, Algorta G, Bianchi I, Borthagaray G, Cestau I, Camou T, Castro M, de los Santos M, Diez R, Dell'Acqua L, Galiana A, Giordano A, Giordano P, Lopez-Ghemi G, Milanese N, Mogdasy C, Palacio R, Pedreira W, Pisano A, Pivel L. Capsular type distribution and susceptibility to antibiotics of Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical strains isolated from Uruguayan children with systemic infections. Pneumococcus Study Group. Microb Drug Resist 2000; 3:159-63. [PMID: 9185144 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.1997.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Children under 24 months of age are at high risk for serious infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae but they do not elicit effective immune responses to the currently available capsular polysaccharide vaccines. A polysaccharide protein conjugated vaccine involving the most frequent types has become an urgent need. To produce such a vaccine for Latin America, information on type distribution is required. Recently, Uruguay was 1 of the 6 countries in Latin America where surveillance for invasive pneumococcal infections in children under the age of 5 years was carried out. Seventy percent of the 182 invasive S. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from patients under 24 months of age, and 19% were recovered from infants under 6 months. The 7 most frequent types were 14, 5, 1, 6B, 3, 7F, and 19A; representing 80% of invasive isolates. Twenty-one types were identified, 16 in pneumonia and 14 in meningitis. Resistance to penicillin increased during the study period, from 29% in 1994, to 40% in 1995-1996, mainly because of the spread of type 14 strains resistant to penicillin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazol (89% of resistant isolates). The high proportion of systemic pneumococcal infections recorded in patients under 24 months of age and the increasing resistance of these agents to first-choice antibiotics point to an urgent need for a capsular polysaccharide protein conjugated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hortal
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Uruguay
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Abstract
The theory of founder-effect speciation proposes that colonization by very few individuals of an empty habitat favors rapid genetic changes and the evolution of a new species. We report here the results obtained in a 10-year-long and large-scale experiment with Drosophila pseudoobscura designed to test the theory. In our experimental protocol, populations are established with variable numbers of very few individuals and allowed to expand greatly for several generations until conditions of severe competition for resources are reached and the population crashes. A few random survivors are then taken to start a new population expansion and thus initiate a new cycle of founding events, population flushes, and crashes. Our results provide no support for the theories proposing that new species are very likely to appear as by-products of founder events.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moya
- Departamento de Genètica, Universitat de València, Burjasot, Spain
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