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Joradon P, Poolpak T, Kruatrachue M, Yang KM, Saengwilai P, Upatham S, Pokethitiyook P. Phytoremediation technology for recovery of Ni by Acacia plants in association with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from E-waste contaminated site. Int J Phytoremediation 2023; 26:903-912. [PMID: 38018097 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2282043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) illegally disposal in Thailand is becoming more widespread. A sustainable metal recovery technology is needed. A phytotechnology called "phytomining" of metals such as nickel (Ni) is a promising technology providing a sustainable solution to the growing e-waste problems. This study investigated the ability of Acacia species in association with e-waste site isolated, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Acacia mangium accumulated higher Ni in their tissues when Ni concentrations in soil were lower than 200 mg kg-1. The inoculation of PGPR B. amyloliquefaciens enhanced Ni uptake and accumulation in the leaves, stem, and root. The results showed that the highest Ni concentration was found in the root ash (825.50 mg kg-1) when inoculated plants were grown in soil containing 600 mg kg-1 Ni. Hence, the Ni recovery process and mass balance were performed on root ashes. The highest Ni recovery was 91.3% from the acid (H2SO4) leachate of the ash of inoculated plant treated with 600 mg kg-1 Ni. This demonstrates the feasibility of PGPR-assisted phytomining from Ni-contaminated soil. Phytomining of Ni from any e-waste contaminated sites using Acacia mangium in combination with B. amyloliquefaciens can promote plant growth and improve the uptake of Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinida Joradon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Toemthip Poolpak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maleeya Kruatrachue
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwang Mo Yang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patompong Saengwilai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Upatham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prayad Pokethitiyook
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lebrazi S, Fadil M, Chraibi M, Fikri-Benbrahim K. Phenotypic, molecular, and symbiotic characterization of the rhizobial symbionts isolated from Acacia saligna grown in different regions in Morocco: a multivariate approach. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:343. [PMID: 37843647 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduced species Acacia saligna is a very promiscuous host as it can be efficiently nodulated with a wide range diversity of rhizobia taxa, including both fast and slow-growing strains. Fourteen nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria were isolated from root nodules of wild Acacia saligna growing in distinct geographic locations in Morocco and were examined for their symbiotic efficiency and phenotypic properties. Multivariate tools, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), were used to study the correlation between phenotypic and symbiotic variables and discriminate and describe the similarities between different isolated bacteria with respect to all the phenotypic and symbiotic variables. Phenotypic characterization showed a variable response to extreme temperature, salinity and soil pH. At the plant level, the nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and the shoot and root dry weights were considered. The obtained results show that some of the tested isolates exhibit remarkable tolerances to the studied abiotic stresses while showing significant N2 fixation, indicating their usefulness as effective candidates for the inoculation of acacia trees. The PCA also allowed showing the isolates groups that present a similarity with evaluated phenotypic and symbiotic parameters. The genotypic identification of N2-fixing bacteria, carried out by the 16S rDNA approach, showed a variable genetic diversity among the 14 identified isolates, and their belonging to three different genera, namely Agrobacterium, Phyllobacterium and Rhizobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lebrazi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mouhcine Fadil
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Marwa Chraibi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Yuan ZS, Liu F, He SB, Zhou LL, Pan H. Community structure and diversity characteristics of rhizosphere and root endophytic bacterial community in different Acacia species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262909. [PMID: 35100276 PMCID: PMC8803180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere and endophytic microbiota significantly affect plant growth and development by influencing nutrient uptake and stress tolerance. Herein, root and rhizosphere soil of Acacia species were collected and analyzed to compare the structural differences of the rhizosphere and root endophytic bacterial communities. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was employed to analyze the rhizosphere and root endophytic bacterial communities. A total of 4249 OTUs were identified following sequence analysis. The rhizosphere soil contained significantly more OTUs than the root soil. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that bacterial communities exhibited significant specificity in the rhizosphere and root soil of different Acacia species. The most dominant phylum in the rhizosphere soil was Acidobacteria, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas the dominant phylum in the root soil was Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. Among the various Acacia species, specific bacterial communities displayed different abundance. We systematically described the core bacteria in the rhizosphere and root endophytic bacterial communities and predicted their relevant functions. The type and abundance of specific bacteria were correlated with the nutrient absorption and metabolism of the Acacia species. This study addresses the complex host-microbe interactions and explores the rhizosphere and root bacterial community structure of different Acacia species. These results provide new insights into the role of rhizosphere and root endophytic bacterial communities on the growth and reproduction of Acacia, thus informing future efforts towards sustainable development and utilization of Acacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-sheng Yuan
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (HP)
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shi-bin He
- Zhangpu Zhongxi State-Owned Forest Yard, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Li-li Zhou
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (HP)
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Ultra VU, Manyiwa T. Influence of mycorrhiza and fly ash on the survival, growth and heavy metal accumulation in three Acacia species grown in Cu-Ni mine soil. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:1337-1353. [PMID: 32591945 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acacia albida, Acacia luederitzii, and Acacia tortilis are dominant acacia species in Botswana and have the potential to rehabilitate the heavy metal degraded environment. To establish this claim, experiments to assess the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and fly ash amendments on the survival, growth and heavy metal accumulation of these species in mine tailings were conducted. A two-factor (AM inoculation × fly ash) in CRD was done on each of the three Acacia species consisting of four treatments: control (no mycorrhizal, no fly ash coded as - AM/- FA), with mycorrhizal but no fly ash (+ AM/- FA), no mycorrhizal but with fly ash (- AM/+ FA), and with mycorrhizal and with fly ash (+ AM/+ FA). After 24 weeks, results showed that the survival and dry matter yield of all Acacia species were enhanced by 10% with fly ash amendments. However, mycorrhiza inoculation alone improved the survival of A. albida and A. luederitzii but reduced that of the A. tortilis in mine tailings. Fly ash amendments increased the pH of the mine tailings, reduced the availability of Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn and Zn and consequently reduced the concentration of these metals in shoots. On the other hand, it increased the availability of As in the mine tailings. In addition, mycorrhizal inoculation reduced the concentration of these metals in shoots regardless of fly ash amendments. Overall, combined mycorrhizal inoculation and fly ash amendment enhanced the establishment of A. luederitzii in heavy metal-contaminated soils by reducing the heavy metal availability and metal uptake, thus increasing the survival and dry matter yield of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venecio U Ultra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana.
| | - Trust Manyiwa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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Abstract
Microbes play a vital role in ecosystem stability. Here, microbes-Acacia association is discussed with particular reference to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) which help in the establishment of crop-plants, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The association helps to restore the structural composition of soil from the hazardous impact of agrochemicals, increase resistance against various pathogenic attack as well as several abiotic stresses. Further, a comparative account of microbes found in the rhizosphere of Acacia is illustrated. Among these, Rhizobia, Acetobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Trichoderma were described in detail. All these microbes can be regarded as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizospheric Microbes (PGPM), some of PGPM are Phosphate Solubilizing Microbe (PSM). Both of them help AMF for infecting mycorrhizal hyphae inside the plant cell. Overall, microbes can be used as biofertilizers along with other organic compounds, that can compensate for the nutrient's availability.
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Monteiro PHR, Kaschuk G, Winagraski E, Auer CG, Higa AR. Rhizobial inoculation in black wattle plantation (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) in production systems of southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:989-998. [PMID: 31463869 PMCID: PMC6863320 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) is a tree legume native to southeast Australia, but present in all continents. Today it covers about 142,400 ha in Brazil, with plantations concentrated in the southern region of the country. Black wattle may form nodules and establish rhizobial symbiosis capable of fixing N2, but rhizobial inoculation is not done in commercial plantations. About 40 kg ha-1 of urea is applied during seedling transplantation. In this review, evidences by which rhizobial inoculation affects monoculture, mixed cultivation, and agroforestry black wattle production systems were searched in literature. Previous measurements in cultivated forests have indicated that biological nitrogen fixation in black wattle may provide up to 200 kg of N ha-1 year-1 to the soil. Therefore, rhizobia inoculation may bring several opportunities to improve black wattle production systems. Black wattle is not a very selective partner in the rhizobial symbiosis, but the genus Bradyrhizobium dominates the rhizobial diversity of black wattle nodules. Investigation on rhizobial diversity in soils where the crop is cultivated may represent an opportunity to find more effective rhizobia strains for inoculants. The successful history of biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes must inspire the history of tree legumes. Microbiology applied to forestry must overcome challenges on the lack of trained professionals and the development of new application technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Riboldi Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170 Brazil
| | - Glaciela Kaschuk
- Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050 Brazil
| | - Etienne Winagraski
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170 Brazil
| | - Celso Garcia Auer
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170 Brazil
- Embrapa Florestas, Cx. Postal 319, Colombo, Paraná 83411-000 Brazil
| | - Antônio Rioyei Higa
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170 Brazil
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Kamutando CN, Vikram S, Kamgan-Nkuekam G, Makhalanyane TP, Greve M, Le Roux JJ, Richardson DM, Cowan DA, Valverde A. The Functional Potential of the Rhizospheric Microbiome of an Invasive Tree Species, Acacia dealbata. Microb Ecol 2019; 77:191-200. [PMID: 29948018 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions mediate both the invasiveness of introduced plant species and the impacts that they have in invaded ecosystems. Although the phylogenetic composition of the rhizospheric microbiome of Acacia dealbata (an invasive Australian tree species) has been investigated, little is known about the functional potential of the constituents of these altered microbial communities. We used shotgun DNA sequencing to better understand the link between bacterial community composition and functional capacity in the rhizospheric microbiomes associated with invasive A. dealbata populations in South Africa. Our analysis showed that several genes associated with plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits were significantly overrepresented in the rhizospheric metagenomes compared to neighbouring bulk soils collected away from A. dealbata stands. The majority of these genes are involved in the metabolism of nitrogen, carbohydrates and vitamins, and in various membrane transport systems. Overrepresented genes were linked to a limited number of bacterial taxa, mostly Bradyrhizobium species, the preferred N-fixing rhizobial symbiont of Australian acacias. Overall, these findings suggest that A. dealbata enriches rhizosphere soils with potentially beneficial microbial taxa, and that members of the genus Bradyrhizobium may play an integral role in mediating PGP processes that may influence the success of this invader when colonizing novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper N Kamutando
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Surendra Vikram
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gilbert Kamgan-Nkuekam
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michelle Greve
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Angel Valverde
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9300, South Africa.
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Houles A, Vincent B, David M, Ducousso M, Galiana A, Juillot F, Hannibal L, Carriconde F, Fritsch E, Jourand P. Ectomycorrhizal Communities Associated with the Legume Acacia spirorbis Growing on Contrasted Edaphic Constraints in New Caledonia. Microb Ecol 2018; 76:964-975. [PMID: 29717331 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with Acacia spirorbis, a legume tree widely spread in New Caledonia that spontaneously grows on contrasted edaphic constraints, i.e. calcareous, ferralitic and volcano-sedimentary soils. Soil geochemical parameters and diversity of ECM communities were assessed in 12 sites representative of the three mains categories of soils. The ectomycorrhizal status of Acacia spirorbis was confirmed in all studied soils, with a fungal community dominated at 92% by Basidiomycota, mostly represented by/tomentella-thelephora (27.6%), /boletus (15.8%), /sebacina (10.5%), /russula-lactarius (10.5%) and /pisolithus-scleroderma (7.9%) lineages. The diversity and the proportion of the ECM lineages were similar for the ferralitic and volcano-sedimentary soils but significantly different for the calcareous soils. These differences in the distribution of the ECM communities were statistically correlated with pH, Ca, P and Al in the calcareous soils and with Co in the ferralitic soils. Altogether, these data suggest a high capacity of A. spirorbis to form ECM symbioses with a large spectrum of fungi regardless the soil categories with contrasted edaphic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Houles
- CIRAD, UMR082 LSTM, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Koniambo Nickel SAS, Vavouto, BP 679, 98860, Koné, New Caledonia
| | - Bryan Vincent
- IRD, UMR040 LSTM, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Magali David
- IRD, UMR206 IMPMC, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Marc Ducousso
- CIRAD, UMR082 LSTM, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
| | - Antoine Galiana
- CIRAD, UMR082 LSTM, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Farid Juillot
- IRD, UMR206 IMPMC, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | | | - Fabian Carriconde
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Axe 2, 98800, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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Birnbaum C, Bissett A, Teste FP, Laliberté E. Symbiotic N 2-Fixer Community Composition, but Not Diversity, Shifts in Nodules of a Single Host Legume Across a 2-Million-Year Dune Chronosequence. Microb Ecol 2018; 76:1009-1020. [PMID: 29663039 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-term soil age gradients are useful model systems to study how changes in nutrient limitation shape communities of plant root mutualists because they represent strong natural gradients of nutrient availability, particularly of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Here, we investigated changes in the dinitrogen (N2)-fixing bacterial community composition and diversity in nodules of a single host legume (Acacia rostellifera) across the Jurien Bay chronosequence, a retrogressive 2 million-year-old sequence of coastal dunes representing an exceptionally strong natural soil fertility gradient. We collected nodules from plants grown in soils from five chronosequence stages ranging from very young (10s of years; associated with strong N limitation for plant growth) to very old (> 2,000,000 years; associated with strong P limitation), and sequenced the nifH gene in root nodules to determine the composition and diversity of N2-fixing bacterial symbionts. A total of 335 unique nifH gene operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Community composition of N2-fixing bacteria within nodules, but not diversity, changed with increasing soil age. These changes were attributed to pedogenesis-driven shifts in edaphic conditions, specifically pH, exchangeable manganese, resin-extractable phosphate, nitrate and nitrification rate. A large number of common N2-fixing bacteria genera (e.g. Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer, Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium) belonging to the Rhizobiaceae family (α-proteobacteria) comprised 70% of all raw sequences and were present in all nodules. However, the oldest soils, which show some of the lowest soil P availability ever recorded, harboured the largest proportion of unclassified OTUs, suggesting a unique set of N2-fixing bacteria adapted to extreme P limitation. Our results show that N2-fixing bacterial composition varies strongly during long-term ecosystem development, even within the same host, and therefore rhizobia show strong edaphic preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Birnbaum
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | | | - Francois P Teste
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, IMASL-CONICET & Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejercito de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre sur la biodiversité, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Quebec, H1X 2B2, Canada
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de Fátima Pedroso D, Barbosa MV, Dos Santos JV, Pinto FA, Siqueira JO, Carneiro MAC. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Favor the Initial Growth of Acacia mangium, Sorghum bicolor, and Urochloa brizantha in Soil Contaminated with Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:386-391. [PMID: 30066147 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of inoculation with a mixture of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus macrocarpum, Paraglomus occultum, and Glomus sp.) on the initial establishment of Acacia mangium, Sorghum bicolor, and Urochloa brizantha in soil contaminated with heavy metals. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in plastic pots containing 1.8 kg of soil, which presented 7200, 1140, 480, and 72 mg of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd, respectively. The chlorophyll content (SPAD index) of inoculated plants of A. mangium and U. brizantha was higher than those of non-inoculated plants (p < 0.05). No differences were detected for the concentration of heavy metals in plant shoots, whether the plant was inoculated or not. However, inoculated plants had greater root length (S. bicolor and U. brizantha) (p < 0.05) and greater plant height (A. mangium) (p < 0.05). The present results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of AMF on plant growth and the alleviation of contaminants are imperative factors for the rehabilitation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Fátima Pedroso
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Marisângela Viana Barbosa
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Jessé Valentim Dos Santos
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Flávio Araújo Pinto
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - José Oswaldo Siqueira
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belem, PA, CEP 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil.
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Alcántara-Martínez N, Figueroa-Martínez F, Rivera-Cabrera F, Gutiérrez-Sánchez G, Volke-Sepúlveda T. An endophytic strain of Methylobacterium sp. increases arsenate tolerance in Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd: A proteomic approach. Sci Total Environ 2018; 625:762-774. [PMID: 29306824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nemi Alcántara-Martínez
- Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Figueroa-Martínez
- Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Fernando Rivera-Cabrera
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Tania Volke-Sepúlveda
- Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Castro RA, Dourado MN, Almeida JRD, Lacava PT, Nave A, Melo ISD, Azevedo JLD, Quecine MC. Mangrove endophyte promotes reforestation tree (Acacia polyphylla) growth. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:59-66. [PMID: 28774638 PMCID: PMC5790640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangroves are ecosystems located in the transition zone between land and sea that serve as a potential source of biotechnological resources. Brazil's extensive coast contains one of the largest mangrove forests in the world (encompassing an area of 25,000km2 along all the coast). Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the following three plant species: Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa and Avicennia nitida. A large number of these isolates, 115 in total, were evaluated for their ability to fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphorous. Bacteria that tested positive for both of these tests were examined further to determine their level of indole acetic acid production. Two strains with high indole acetic acid production were selected for use as inoculants for reforestation trees, and then the growth of the plants was evaluated under field conditions. The bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain MCR1.10) had a low phosphorus solubilization index, while this index was higher in the other strain used, Enterobacter sp. (strain MCR1.48). We used the reforestation tree Acacia polyphylla. The results indicate that inoculation with the MCR1.48 endophyte increases Acacia polyphylla shoot dry mass, demonstrating that this strain effectively promotes the plant's growth and fitness, which can be used in the seedling production of this tree. Therefore, we successfully screened the biotechnological potential of endophyte isolates from mangrove, with a focus on plant growth promotion, and selected a strain able to provide limited nutrients and hormones for in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Assis Castro
- University of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Genetics, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuella Nóbrega Dourado
- University of São Paulo, Biomedical Science Institute, Department of Microbiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Raquel de Almeida
- University of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Genetics, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Teixeira Lacava
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Department of Morphology and Pathology, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André Nave
- BIOFLORA Comercial LTDA, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Itamar Soares de Melo
- EMBRAPA Environment, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil
| | - João Lucio de Azevedo
- University of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Genetics, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Quecine
- University of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Genetics, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Zhu YJ, Lu JK, Chen YL, Wang SK, Sui XH, Kang LH. Mesorhizobium acaciae sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 65:3558-3563. [PMID: 26296667 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel strains, RITF741T, RITF1220 and RITF909, isolated from root nodules of Acacia melanoxylon in Guangdong Province of China, have been previously identified as members of the genus Mesorhizobium, displaying the same 16S rRNA gene RFLP pattern. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the three strains belong to the genus Mesorhizobium and had highest similarity (100.0 %) to Mesorhizobium plurifarium LMG 11892T. Phylogenetic analyses of housekeeping genes recA, atpD and glnII revealed that these strains represented a distinct evolutionary lineage within the genus Mesorhizobium. Strain RITF741T showed >73 % DNA–DNA relatedness with strains RITF1220 and RITF909, but < 60 % DNA–DNA relatedness with the closest type strains of recognized species of the genus Mesorhizobium. They differed from each other and from their closest phylogenetic neighbours by presence/absence of several fatty acids, or by large differences in the relative amounts of particular fatty acids. While showing distinctive features, they were generally able to utilize a wide range of substrates as sole carbon sources based on API 50CH and API 20NE tests. The three strains were able to form nodules with the original host Acacia melanoxylon and other woody legumes such as Acacia aneura, Albizia falcataria and Leucaena leucocephala. In conclusion, these strains represent a novel species belonging to the genus Mesorhizobium based on the data obtained in the present and previous studies, for which the name Mesorhizobium acaciae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RITF741T ( = CCBAU 101090T = JCM 30534T), the DNA G+C content of which is 64.1 mol% (T m).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Jie Zhu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, PR China
| | - Jun Kun Lu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, PR China
| | - Ying Long Chen
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
- School of Earth and Environment, and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sheng Kun Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, PR China
| | - Xin Hua Sui
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Li Hua Kang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, PR China
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Bakhoum N, Galiana A, Le Roux C, Kane A, Duponnois R, Ndoye F, Fall D, Noba K, Sylla SN, Diouf D. Phylogeny of nodulation genes and symbiotic diversity of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. and A. seyal (Del.) Mesorhizobium strains from different regions of Senegal. Microb Ecol 2015; 69:641-651. [PMID: 25315832 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal are small, deciduous legume trees, most highly valued for nitrogen fixation and for the production of gum arabic, a commodity of international trade since ancient times. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by legumes represents the main natural input of atmospheric N2 into ecosystems which may ultimately benefit all organisms. We analyzed the nod and nif symbiotic genes and symbiotic properties of root-nodulating bacteria isolated from A. senegal and A. seyal in Senegal. The symbiotic genes of rhizobial strains from the two Acacia species were closed to those of Mesorhizobium plurifarium and grouped separately in the phylogenetic trees. Phylogeny of rhizobial nitrogen fixation gene nifH was similar to those of nodulation genes (nodA and nodC). All A. senegal rhizobial strains showed identical nodA, nodC, and nifH gene sequences. By contrast, A. seyal rhizobial strains exhibited different symbiotic gene sequences. Efficiency tests demonstrated that inoculation of both Acacia species significantly affected nodulation, total dry weight, acetylene reduction activity (ARA), and specific acetylene reduction activity (SARA) of plants. However, these cross-inoculation tests did not show any specificity of Mesorhizobium strains toward a given Acacia host species in terms of infectivity and efficiency as stated by principal component analysis (PCA). This study demonstrates that large-scale inoculation of A. senegal and A. seyal in the framework of reafforestation programs requires a preliminary step of rhizobial strain selection for both Acacia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niokhor Bakhoum
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal,
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15
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Diouf F, Diouf D, Klonowska A, Le Queré A, Bakhoum N, Fall D, Neyra M, Parrinello H, Diouf M, Ndoye I, Moulin L. Genetic and genomic diversity studies of Acacia symbionts in Senegal reveal new species of Mesorhizobium with a putative geographical pattern. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117667. [PMID: 25658650 PMCID: PMC4319832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia senegal (L) Willd. and Acacia seyal Del. are highly nitrogen-fixing and moderately salt tolerant species. In this study we focused on the genetic and genomic diversity of Acacia mesorhizobia symbionts from diverse origins in Senegal and investigated possible correlations between the genetic diversity of the strains, their soil of origin, and their tolerance to salinity. We first performed a multi-locus sequence analysis on five markers gene fragments on a collection of 47 mesorhizobia strains of A. senegal and A. seyal from 8 localities. Most of the strains (60%) clustered with the M. plurifarium type strain ORS 1032T, while the others form four new clades (MSP1 to MSP4). We sequenced and assembled seven draft genomes: four in the M. plurifarium clade (ORS3356, ORS3365, STM8773 and ORS1032T), one in MSP1 (STM8789), MSP2 (ORS3359) and MSP3 (ORS3324). The average nucleotide identities between these genomes together with the MLSA analysis reveal three new species of Mesorhizobium. A great variability of salt tolerance was found among the strains with a lack of correlation between the genetic diversity of mesorhizobia, their salt tolerance and the soils samples characteristics. A putative geographical pattern of A. senegal symbionts between the dryland north part and the center of Senegal was found, reflecting adaptations to specific local conditions such as the water regime. However, the presence of salt does not seem to be an important structuring factor of Mesorhizobium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Diouf
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
- IRD-Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Diegane Diouf
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Agnieszka Klonowska
- IRD-Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Le Queré
- Laboratoire Mixte International Biotechnologie Microbienne et Végétale (LBMV), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Niokhor Bakhoum
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Dioumacor Fall
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Marc Neyra
- Irstea, UR MALY, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hugues Parrinello
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Mayecor Diouf
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Ndoye
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lionel Moulin
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
- IRD-Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
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Samy AM, van de Sande WWJ, Fahal AH, Peterson AT. Mapping the potential risk of mycetoma infection in Sudan and South Sudan using ecological niche modeling. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3250. [PMID: 25330098 PMCID: PMC4199553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized mycetoma as one of the neglected tropical conditions due to the efforts of the mycetoma consortium. This same consortium formulated knowledge gaps that require further research. One of these gaps was that very few data are available on the epidemiology and transmission cycle of the causative agents. Previous work suggested a soil-borne or Acacia thorn-prick-mediated origin of mycetoma infections, but no studies have investigated effects of soil type and Acacia geographic distribution on mycetoma case distributions. Here, we map risk of mycetoma infection across Sudan and South Sudan using ecological niche modeling (ENM). For this study, records of mycetoma cases were obtained from the scientific literature and GIDEON; Acacia records were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. We developed ENMs based on digital GIS data layers summarizing soil characteristics, land-surface temperature, and greenness indices to provide a rich picture of environmental variation across Sudan and South Sudan. ENMs were calibrated in known endemic districts and transferred countrywide; model results suggested that risk is greatest in an east-west belt across central Sudan. Visualizing ENMs in environmental dimensions, mycetoma occurs under diverse environmental conditions. We compared niches of mycetoma and Acacia trees, and could not reject the null hypothesis of niche similarity. This study revealed contributions of different environmental factors to mycetoma infection risk, identified suitable environments and regions for transmission, signaled a potential mycetoma-Acacia association, and provided steps towards a robust risk map for the disease. WHO has recognized mycetoma as one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) worldwide. Studies indicate infections from soil or possibly mediated by thorn pricks, but no detailed studies have investigated effects of soil type and Acacia distributions on mycetoma in Sudan. Here, we investigated risk factors associated with mycetoma infections in Sudan using ecological niche modeling (ENM), integrating mycetoma case records, Acacia records, and geospatial data summarizing soil, land-surface temperature, and greenness. ENMs calibrated in endemic districts were transferred across Sudan, and suggested that greatest risk was in a belt across central Sudan. Mycetoma infections occur under diverse environmental conditions; we found significant niche similarity between Acacia and mycetoma. Model predictions were amply corroborated by a preliminary assessment of a much larger mycetoma case-occurrence data base. Our results revealed contributions of different environmental factors to mycetoma risk, raised hypotheses of a causal mycetoma-Acacia association, and provide steps towards a robust predictive risk map for the disease in Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M. Samy
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Wendy W. J. van de Sande
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - A. Townsend Peterson
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
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Singh SK, Pancholy A, Jindal SK, Pathak R. Effect of co-inoculations of native PGPR with nitrogen fixing bacteria on seedling traits in Prosopis cineraria. J Environ Biol 2014; 35:929-934. [PMID: 25204069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Prosopis cineraria significantly contribute to sand dune stabilization, soil fertility rejuvenation and is an integral component of agro-forestry systems in arid regions of India. Effect of different rhizobacterial seed treatments on seed germination and seedling traits in two genotypes of P. cineraria (HPY-1) and (FG-1) were tested. Observations on seed germination (%) and seedling traits viz., root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling weight (g) and seedling length of different treatments were recorded. Whereas, germination index (GI), seedling vigour index (SVI) and root/shoot length ratio were derived from the observed data. The scarification treatment with sulphuric acid for 10 minutes substantially enhanced germination from < 20% to 80-82% in control treatments. Treatments with co-inoculations of Bacillus licheniformis and Sinorhizobium kostiense or S. saheli supported the maximum seed germination and seedling growth and vigour. The maximum germination per cent (92.5%), seedling length (10.94 cm), seedling vigour index (10.12) and germination index (7.97) were recorded with treatment (V2T6) wherein seeds of high pod yielding genotype were co-inoculated with Bacillus licheniformis and S. kostiense. The higher positive correlations of seedling length v/s shoot length followed by SVI v/s seedling length, SVI v/s root length and seedling length v/s root length is a fair indicative of inter dependency of these characteristics. Higher R2 values of root length v/s shoot length followed by that of SVI v/s GI indicates that a regression line fits the data well and future outcomes of observed seedling traits are likely to be predicted by the model.
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González-Teuber M, Kaltenpoth M, Boland W. Mutualistic ants as an indirect defence against leaf pathogens. New Phytol 2014; 202:640-650. [PMID: 24392817 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic ants are commonly considered as an efficient indirect defence against herbivores. Nevertheless, their indirect protective role against plant pathogens has been scarcely investigated. We compared the protective role against pathogens of two different ant partners, a mutualistic and a parasitic ant, on the host plant Acacia hindsii (Fabaceae). The epiphytic bacterial community on leaves was evaluated in the presence and absence of both ant partners by cultivation and by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Pathogen-inflicted leaf damage, epiphytic bacterial abundance (colony-forming units) and number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly higher in plants inhabited by parasitic ants than in plants inhabited by mutualistic ants. Unifrac unweighted and weighted principal component analyses showed that the bacterial community composition on leaves changed significantly when mutualistic ants were removed from plants or when plants were inhabited by parasitic ants. Direct mechanisms provided by ant-associated bacteria would contribute to the protective role against pathogens. The results suggest that the indirect defence of mutualistic ants also covers the protection from bacterial plant pathogens. Our findings highlight the importance of considering bacterial partners in ant-plant defensive mutualisms, which can contribute significantly to ant-mediated protection from plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia González-Teuber
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
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Jourand P, Hannibal L, Majorel C, Mengant S, Ducousso M, Lebrun M. Ectomycorrhizal Pisolithus albus inoculation of Acacia spirorbis and Eucalyptus globulus grown in ultramafic topsoil enhances plant growth and mineral nutrition while limits metal uptake. J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:164-72. [PMID: 24331432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) isolates of Pisolithus albus (Cooke and Massee) from nickel-rich ultramafic topsoils in New Caledonia were inoculated onto Acacia spirorbis Labill. (an endemic Fabaceae) and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (used as a Myrtaceae plant host model). The aim of the study was to analyze the growth of symbiotic ECM plants growing on the ultramafic substrate that is characterized by high and toxic metal concentrations i.e. Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni, deficient concentrations of plant essential nutrients such as N, P, K, and that presents an unbalanced Ca/Mg ratio (1/19). ECM inoculation was successful with a plant level of root mycorrhization up to 6.7%. ECM symbiosis enhanced plant growth as indicated by significant increases in shoot and root biomass. Presence of ECM enhanced uptake of major elements that are deficient in ultramafic substrates; in particular P, K and Ca. On the contrary, the ECM symbioses strongly reduced transfer to plants of element in excess in soils; in particular all metals. ECM-inoculated plants released metal complexing molecules as free thiols and oxalic acid mostly at lower concentrations than in controls. Data showed that ECM symbiosis helped plant growth by supplying uptake of deficient elements while acting as a protective barrier to toxic metals, in particular for plants growing on ultramafic substrate with extreme soil conditions. Isolation of indigenous and stress-adapted beneficial ECM fungi could serve as a potential tool for inoculation of ECM endemic plants for the successful restoration of ultramafic ecosystems degraded by mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jourand
- IRD, UR040 LSTM, TA A-82/J Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Laure Hannibal
- IRD, UR040 LSTM, TA A-82/J Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Clarisse Majorel
- IRD, UR040 LSTM, TA A-82/J Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stéphane Mengant
- Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Laboratoire insulaire du vivant et de l'environnement, B.P. R4, 98851 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Marc Ducousso
- CIRAD, UR 82 LSTM, TA A-82/J Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Michel Lebrun
- Université Montpellier 2, UMR28 LSTM, TA A-82/J Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Sene G, Thiao M, Samba-Mbaye R, Khasa D, Kane A, Mbaye MS, Beaulieu MÈ, Manga A, Sylla SN. The abundance and diversity of legume-nodulating rhizobia in 28-year-old plantations of tropical, subtropical, and exotic tree species: a case study from the Forest Reserve of Bandia, Senegal. Microb Ecol 2013; 65:128-144. [PMID: 22864803 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several fast-growing and multipurpose tree species have been widely used in West Africa to both reverse the tendency of land degradation and restore soil productivity. Although beneficial effects have been reported on soil stabilization, there still remains a lack of information about their impact on soil microorganisms. Our investigation has been carried out in exotic and native tree plantations of 28 years and aimed to survey and compare the abundance and genetic diversity of natural legume-nodulating rhizobia (LNR). The study of LNR is supported by the phylogenetic analysis which clustered the isolates into three genera: Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Sinorhizobium. The results showed close positive correlations between the sizes of LNR populations estimated both in the dry and rainy seasons and the presence of legume tree hosts. There were significant increases in Rhizobium spp. population densities in response to planting with Acacia spp., and high genetic diversities and richness of genotypes were fittest in these tree plantations. This suggests that enrichment of soil Rhizobium spp. populations is host specific. The results indicated also that species of genera Mesorhizobium and Sinorhizobium were lacking in plantations of non-host species. By contrast, there was a widespread distribution of Bradyrhizobium spp. strains across the tree plantations, with no evident specialization in regard to plantation type. Finally, the study provides information about the LNR communities associated with a range of old tree plantations and some aspects of their relationships to soil factors, which may facilitate the management of man-made forest systems that target ecosystem rehabilitation and preservation of soil biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godar Sene
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie LCM, IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Bel-Air BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal.
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Dou Y, Lu J, Kang L, Wang S, Jiang Y, Liao S. [Biodiversity of Rhizobia associated with Acacia melanoxylon grown in South China]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2012; 52:1439-1448. [PMID: 23457793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of 174 isolates of symbiotic bacteria associated with Acacia melanoxylon obtained from 15 sampling sites in Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces of China. METHODS The 16S rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rDNA and housekeeping genes (recA, glnII and atpD). RESULTS In the 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP analysis, 9 rDNA types were identified among the 174 isolates; Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA and housekeeping gene sequences indicated that 34 representative isolates belonged to the genus Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium in Alpha-Proteobacteria, and the most closely related strains are Bradyrhizobium liaoningense, Bradyrhizobium betae, Bradyrhizobium cytisi, Rhizobium multihospitium and Mesorhizobium plurifarium. CONCLUSION All of the isolates could be identified to general, and Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium or Mesorhizobium could be the dominant microsymbiont. The microsymbionts associated with Acacia melanoxylon showed relative genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Dou
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
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Bilgo A, Sangare SK, Thioulouse J, Prin Y, Hien V, Galiana A, Baudoin E, Hafidi M, Bâ AM, Duponnois R. Response of native soil microbial functions to the controlled mycorrhization of an exotic tree legume, Acacia holosericea in a Sahelian ecosystem. Mycorrhiza 2012; 22:175-187. [PMID: 21660609 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-011-0390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years of overexploitation have disturbed most forests within Sahelian areas. Exotic fast growing trees (i.e., Australian Acacia species) have subsequently been introduced for soil improvement and fuelwood production purposes. Additionally, rhizobial or mycorrhizal symbioses have sometimes been favored by means of controlled inoculations to increase the performance of these exotic trees in such arid and semiarid zones. Large-scale anthropogenic introduction of exotic plants could also threaten the native biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. We carried out an experimental reforestation in Burkina Faso in order to study the effects of Acacia holosericea mycorrhizal inoculation on the soil nutrient content, microbial soil functionalities and mycorrhizal soil potential. Treatments consisted of uninoculated A. holosericea, preplanting fertilizer application and arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus intraradices. Our results showed that (i) arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation and prefertilizer application significantly improved A. holosericea growth after 4 years of plantation and (ii) the introduction of A. holosericea trees significantly modified soil microbial functions. The results clearly showed that the use of exotic tree legume species should be directly responsible for important changes in soil microbiota with great disturbances in essential functions driven by microbial communities (e.g., catabolic diversity and C cycling, phosphatase activity and P availability). They also highlighted the importance of AM symbiosis in the functioning of soils and forest plantation performances. The AM effect on soil functions was significantly correlated with the enhanced mycorrhizal soil potential recorded in the AM inoculation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ablasse Bilgo
- Laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante (SEP), Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 01 BP 476 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Hammer EC, Nasr H, Pallon J, Olsson PA, Wallander H. Elemental composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at high salinity. Mycorrhiza 2011; 21:117-29. [PMID: 20499112 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-010-0316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the elemental composition of spores and hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) collected from two saline sites at the desert border in Tunisia, and of Glomus intraradices grown in vitro with or without addition of NaCl to the medium, by proton-induced X-ray emission. We compared the elemental composition of the field AMF to those of the soil and the associated plants. The spores and hyphae from the saline soils showed strongly elevated levels of Ca, Cl, Mg, Fe, Si, and K compared to their growth environment. In contrast, the spores of both the field-derived AMF and the in vitro grown G. intraradices contained lower or not elevated Na levels compared to their growth environment. This resulted in higher K:Na and Ca:Na ratios in spores than in soil, but lower than in the associated plants for the field AMF. The K:Na and Ca:Na ratios of G. intraradices grown in monoxenic cultures were also in the same range as those of the field AMF and did not change even when those ratios in the growth medium were lowered several orders of magnitude by adding NaCl. These results indicate that AMF can selectively take up elements such as K and Ca, which act as osmotic equivalents while they avoid uptake of toxic Na. This could make them important in the alleviation of salinity stress in their plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith C Hammer
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Tachibana S. Decomposition of lignin and holocellulose on Acacia mangium leaves and twigs by six fungal isolates from nature. Pak J Biol Sci 2010; 13:604-610. [PMID: 21061911 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2010.604.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This research was conducted in the aim of preventing wild fire through reducing potential energy source to become in situ fertilizer. To prevent forest fires by reducing wood waste using lignocellulose-degrading fungi, six fungal isolates were tested for lignin and cellulose-degrading activity with Acacia mangium leaves and twigs over a period of 1 to 3 months. The fungi degraded 8.9-27.1% of the lignin and 14-31% of the holocellulose. The degradation rate varied depending on the fungal species. An increase in incubation time tended to decrease the amounts of holocellulose and lignin. However, the hot water soluble tended to increase following a longer incubation period. From the results obtained here, more time was needed to degrade lignin rather than other components in the sample.
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Hoque MS, Broadhurst LM, Thrall PH. Genetic characterization of root-nodule bacteria associated with Acacia salicina and A. stenophylla (Mimosaceae) across south-eastern Australia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 61:299-309. [PMID: 20228207 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.021014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships between legumes and nitrogen-fixing soil micro-organisms are of ecological importance in plant communities worldwide. For example, nutrient-poor Australian soils are often dominated by shrubby legumes (e.g. species of Acacia). However, relatively few studies have quantified patterns of diversity, host-specificity and effectiveness of these ecologically important plant-microbe interactions. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequence and PCR-RFLP analyses were used to examine bacterial strains isolated from the root nodules of two widespread south-eastern Australian legumes, Acacia salicina and Acacia stenophylla, across nearly 60 sites. The results showed that there was extensive genetic diversity in microbial populations, including a broad range of novel genomic species. While previous studies have suggested that most native Australian legumes nodulate primarily with species of the genus Bradyrhizobium, our results indicate significant associations with members of other root-nodule-forming bacterial genera, including Rhizobium, Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, Burkholderia, Phyllobacterium and Devosia. Genetic analyses also revealed a diverse suite of non-nodulating bacterial endophytes, only a subset of which have been previously recorded. Although the ecological roles of these endosymbionts are not well understood, they may play both direct and indirect roles in promoting plant growth, nodulation and disease suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter H Thrall
- CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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Pometti CL, Palanti S, Pizzo B, Charpentier JP, Boizot N, Resio C, Saidman BO. Durability of five native Argentine wood species of the genera Prosopis and Acacia decayed by rot fungi and its relationship with extractive content. Biodegradation 2010; 21:753-60. [PMID: 20195704 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-010-9340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The natural durability of four Argentinean species of Prosopis and one of Acacia was evaluated in laboratory tests, according to European standards, using three brown rot and one white rot fungi. These tests were complemented by assessing the wood chemical composition. All the species were from moderately slightly durable to very durable (classes 4-1), and in all cases the heartwood was the most resistant to fungal attack. Chemical extractives content (organic, aqueous, tannic and phenolic) was higher in the heartwood. However, species durability was not related to extractive contents nor with wood density. Instead, it is possible that extractives could contribute to natural durability in different ways, including the effects related to the antioxidant properties of some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L Pometti
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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González-Teuber M, Pozo MJ, Muck A, Svatos A, Adame-Álvarez RM, Heil M. Glucanases and chitinases as causal agents in the protection of Acacia extrafloral nectar from infestation by phytopathogens. Plant Physiol 2010; 152:1705-15. [PMID: 20023149 PMCID: PMC2832240 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.148478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nectars are rich in primary metabolites and attract mutualistic animals, which serve as pollinators or as an indirect defense against herbivores. Their chemical composition makes nectars prone to microbial infestation. As protective strategy, floral nectar of ornamental tobacco (Nicotiana langsdorffii x Nicotiana sanderae) contains "nectarins," proteins producing reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide. By contrast, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were detected in Acacia extrafloral nectar (EFN), which is secreted in the context of defensive ant-plant mutualisms. We investigated whether these PR proteins protect EFN from phytopathogens. Five sympatric species (Acacia cornigera, A. hindsii, A. collinsii, A. farnesiana, and Prosopis juliflora) were compared that differ in their ant-plant mutualism. EFN of myrmecophytes, which are obligate ant-plants that secrete EFN constitutively to nourish specialized ant inhabitants, significantly inhibited the growth of four out of six tested phytopathogenic microorganisms. By contrast, EFN of nonmyrmecophytes, which is secreted only transiently in response to herbivory, did not exhibit a detectable inhibitory activity. Combining two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that PR proteins represented over 90% of all proteins in myrmecophyte EFN. The inhibition of microbial growth was exerted by the protein fraction, but not the small metabolites of this EFN, and disappeared when nectar was heated. In-gel assays demonstrated the activity of acidic and basic chitinases in all EFNs, whereas glucanases were detected only in EFN of myrmecophytes. Our results demonstrate that PR proteins causally underlie the protection of Acacia EFN from microorganisms and that acidic and basic glucanases likely represent the most important prerequisite in this defensive function.
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Abstract
Although nodulated legumes have been used by indigenous peoples in Africa for centuries, their full potential has never been realized. With modern technology there is scope for rapid improvement of both plant and microbial germplasm. This review gives examples of some recent developments in the form of case studies; these range from multipurpose human food crops, such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), through to beverages (teas) that are also income-generating such as rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren, honeybush (Cyclopia Vent. spp.), and the widely used food additive gum arabic (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.). These and other potential crops are well-adapted to the many different soil and climatic conditions of Africa, in particular, drought and low nutrients. All can nodulate and fix nitrogen, with varying degrees of effectiveness and using a range of bacterial symbionts. The further development of these and other species is essential, not only for African use, but also to retain the agricultural diversity that is essential for a changing world that is being increasingly dominated by a few crops such as soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet I Sprent
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at SCRI, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
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Le Roux C, Tentchev D, Prin Y, Goh D, Japarudin Y, Perrineau MM, Duponnois R, Domergue O, de Lajudie P, Galiana A. Bradyrhizobia nodulating the Acacia mangium x A. auriculiformis interspecific hybrid are specific and differ from those associated with both parental species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:7752-9. [PMID: 19854923 PMCID: PMC2794123 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01887-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of an increasing utilization of the interspecific hybrid Acacia mangium x A. auriculiformis as a plantation tree in the tropical humid zone, its symbiotic characterization was carried out in comparison with that of its two parental species. Rhizobium strains of diverse geographical origins were isolated from root nodules of the hybrid and its parents. Almost all Acacia hybrid isolates were fast growing on yeast extract-mannitol medium, in contrast to those isolated from both parental species, which were mostly slow growing. The rhizobium strains were characterized through partial sequencing of the rRNA operon. In the phylogenetic tree, almost all strains isolated from the hybrid were grouped together in a clade close to Bradyrhizobium japonicum, while all strains isolated from both parental species were close to Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Inoculation experiments performed under in vitro or greenhouse conditions showed that all strains were infective with their original hosts but exhibited very variable degrees of effectivity according to the host plant tested. Thus, homologous strain-host associations were more effective than heterologous ones. This shows that there is still a high potential for isolating and testing new strains from hybrids to be used as inoculants in the context of large-scale afforestation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Le Roux
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Diana Tentchev
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yves Prin
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Doreen Goh
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yani Japarudin
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Marie-Mathilde Perrineau
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Robin Duponnois
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Odile Domergue
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Philippe de Lajudie
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Antoine Galiana
- CIRAD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, IRD, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, INRA, UMR LSTM, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, YSG Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, P.O. Box 11623, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd., P.O. Box 60966, 91019 Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
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Pérez M, Urcelay C. Differential growth response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant density in two wild plants belonging to contrasting functional types. Mycorrhiza 2009; 19:517-523. [PMID: 19444488 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-009-0254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth was examined in two wild plant species belonging to contrasting functional types: an annual forb (Bidens pilosa, Asteraceae) and a deciduous shrub (Acacia caven, Fabaceae) at three contrasting plant densities (one, two, and three individuals per pot). AMF had a slightly negative effect on B. pilosa when the species grew in isolation while they positively affected A. caven. Positive effects of AMF on shoot mass of A. caven decreased at higher plant densities, while shoot mass of individuals of B. pilosa showed less marked differences between plant densities. When considering total biomass per pot, AMF positively affected A. caven growth while negatively affecting B. pilosa, at all three plant densities. Root/shoot ratio per pot was negatively affected by AMF but not plant density in both species. These findings highlight the importance of including plants belonging to different life forms and/or traits in research regarding the interaction between AMF and intraspecific plant competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Pérez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, C.C. 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Urcelay
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, C.C. 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Abstract
Plants in more than 300 genera produce extrafloral nectar (EFN) to attract carnivores as a means of indirect defence against herbivores. As EFN is secreted at nectaries that are not physically protected from the environment, and contains carbohydrates and amino acids, EFN must be protected from infestation by micro-organisms. We investigated the proteins and anti-microbial activity in the EFN of two Central American Acacia myrmecophytes (A. cornigera and A. hindsii) and two related non-myrmecophytes (A. farnesiana and Prosopis juliflora). Acacia myrmecophytes secrete EFN constitutively at high rates to nourish the ants inhabiting these plants as symbiotic mutualists, while non-myrmecophytes secrete EFN only in response to herbivore damage to attract non-symbiotic ants. Thus, the quality and anti-microbial protection of the EFN secreted by these two types of plants were likely to differ. Indeed, myrmecophyte EFN contained significantly more proteins than the EFN of non-myrmecophytes, and was protected effectively from microbial infestation. We found activity for three classes of pathogenesis-related (PR) enzymes: chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase. Chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases were significantly more active in myrmecophyte EFN, and chitinase at the concentrations found in myrmecophyte EFN significantly inhibited yeast growth. Of the 52 proteins found in A. cornigera EFN, 28 were annotated using nanoLC-MS/MS data, indicating that chitinases and glucanases contribute more than 50% of the total protein content in the EFN of this myrmecophyte. Our study demonstrates that PR enzymes play an important role in protecting EFN from microbial infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia González-Teuber
- Department of General Botany - Plant Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
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Botes A, Boekhout T, Hagen F, Vismer H, Swart J, Botha A. Growth and mating of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii on woody debris. Microb Ecol 2009; 57:757-765. [PMID: 18850241 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A total of 36 Cryptococcus neoformans strains originating from South Africa were screened for wood degrading enzymes. All strains tested positive for cellulase activity while none where capable of xylan degradation. Three C. neoformans var. grubii strains, originating from clinical and environmental samples, representing the same genotype (VNI/AFLP1-C. neoformans var. grubii) and MATalpha, were evaluated for growth on debris of two common tree species in South Africa: Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The mating capability of all the C. neoformans strains was evaluated on similar debris. Strains grown on A. mearnsii yielded substantially greater yeast populations. A total of 26%, 6%, 46%, and 80% of the 36 C. neoformans strains tested were either able to mate or develop filaments when crossed on A. mearnsii and E. camaldulensis debris, V8 juice, and yeast carbon base (YCB) agar, respectively. Filamentation and monokaryotic fruiting was observed in 3% of strains when C. neoformans was cultured on either A. mearnsii, E. camaldulensis debris, or YCB. The results indicate that this fungus is capable of completing its life cycle and can produce basidiospores on woody debris. In the future, these findings should be considered when studying the epidemiology, microbial ecology, and proposed infection process of this global pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Botes
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Heath RN, Wingfield MJ, Van Wyk M, Roux J. Insect associates of Ceratocystis albifundus and patterns of association in a native savanna ecosystem in South Africa. Environ Entomol 2009; 38:356-364. [PMID: 19389283 DOI: 10.1603/022.038.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Species of Ceratocystis Ellis and Halstead s.l. include important plant pathogens such as C. albifundus Morris, De Beer, and M. J. Wingfield that causes a serious wilt disease of non-native, plantation-grown Acacia mearnsii De Wild. trees in Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the insects associated with C. albifundus in South Africa and to consider the means by which the pathogen spreads. Insects were collected weekly for 77 wk in a native ecosystem using modified pitfall traps. Trapped insects were identified, and fungi were isolated using carrot baiting and by plating them onto malt extract agar. Fungi were identified using morphological characteristics and DNA sequence comparisons. Three different nitidulid (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) beetles, Brachypeplus depressus Erichson, Carpophilus bisignatus Boheman, and Ca. hemipterus L, were collected, of which the most common were the Carpophilus spp. Two Ceratocystis spp., namely C. albifundus and C. oblonga R. N. Heath and Jolanda Roux, were isolated from all three insect species. Insect numbers and fungal isolates decreased significantly in the colder months of the year. Of the two Ceratocystis spp., C. oblonga was most abundant, occurring on 0.5% of the Carpophilus spp. C. albifundus was isolated from 1.1% of the Brachypeplus individuals and from 0.01% of the Carpophilus individuals. This study presents the first record of insects associated with C. albifundus and C. oblonga and provides an indication of environmental influences on fungal and insect populations, which could contribute to future disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Heath
- Department of Genetics, Tree Protection Company-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Remigi P, Faye A, Kane A, Deruaz M, Thioulouse J, Cissoko M, Prin Y, Galiana A, Dreyfus B, Duponnois R. The exotic legume tree species Acacia holosericea alters microbial soil functionalities and the structure of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:1485-93. [PMID: 18203858 PMCID: PMC2258654 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02427-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of microbial functional diversity as well as its resistance to stress or disturbances caused by the introduction of an exotic tree species, Acacia holosericea, ectomycorrhized or not with Pisolithus albus, was examined. The results show that this ectomycorrhizal fungus promotes drastically the growth of this fast-growing tree species in field conditions after 7 years of plantation. Compared to the crop soil surrounding the A. holosericea plantation, this exotic tree species, associated or not with the ectomycorrhizal symbiont, induced strong modifications in soil microbial functionalities (assessed by measuring the patterns of in situ catabolic potential of microbial communities) and reduced soil resistance in response to increasing stress or disturbance (salinity, temperature, and freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles). In addition, A. holosericea strongly modified the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus communities. These results show clearly that exotic plants may be responsible for important changes in soil microbiota affecting the structure and functions of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Remigi
- IRD, UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SUP-AGRO/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
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Giri B, Kapoor R, Mukerji KG. Improved tolerance of Acacia nilotica to salt stress by Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum may be partly related to elevated K/Na ratios in root and shoot tissues. Microb Ecol 2007; 54:753-60. [PMID: 17372663 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-007-9239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2007] [Revised: 02/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus fasciculatum, and salinity on the growth of Acacia nilotica. Plants were grown in soil under different salinity levels (1.2, 4.0, 6.5, and 9.5 dS m(-1)). In saline soil, mycorrhizal colonization was higher at 1.2, 4.0, and 6.5 dS m(-1) salinity levels in AM-inoculated plants, which decreased as salinity levels further increased (9.5 dS m(-1)). Mycorrhizal plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. AM-inoculated plants had higher P, Zn, and Cu concentrations than uninoculated plants. In mycorrhizal plants, nutrient concentrations decreased with the increasing levels of salinity, but were higher than those of the nonmycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants had greater Na concentration at low salinity levels (1.2, 4.0 dS m(-1)), which lowered as salinity levels increased (6.5, 9.5 dS m(-1)), whereas Na concentration increased in control plants. Mycorrhizal plants accumulated a higher concentration of K at all salinity levels. Unlike Na, the uptake of K increased in shoot tissues of mycorrhizal plants with the increasing levels of salinity. Our results indicate that mycorrhizal fungus alleviates deleterious effects of saline soils on plant growth that could be primarily related to improved P nutrition. The improved K/Na ratios in root and shoot tissues of mycorrhizal plants may help in protecting disruption of K-mediated enzymatic processes under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoopander Giri
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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36
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Diouf D, Samba-Mbaye R, Lesueur D, Ba AT, Dreyfus B, de Lajudie P, Neyra M. Genetic diversity of Acacia seyal Del. rhizobial populations indigenous to Senegalese soils in relation to salinity and pH of the sampling sites. Microb Ecol 2007; 54:553-66. [PMID: 17406772 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-007-9243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and the distribution of rhizobial populations naturally associated to Acacia seyal Del. were characterized in 42 soils from Senegal. The diversity of rhizobial genotypes, as characterized by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S-23S rDNA, performed on DNA extracted from 138 nodules resulted in 15 clusters. Results indicated the widespread occurrence of compatible rhizobia associated to A. seyal in various ecogeographic areas. However, the clustering of rhizobial populations based on intergenic spacer (IGS) RFLP profiles did not reflect their geographic origin. Four genera were discriminated on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strains representative for the IGS-RFLP profiles. The majority of rhizobia associated to A. seyal were affiliated to Mesorhizobium and Sinorhizobium 64 and 29%, respectively, of the different IGS-RFLP profiles. Our results demonstrate the coexistence inside the nodule of plant-pathogenic non-N(2)-fixing Agrobacterium and Burkholderia strains, which induced the formation of ineffective nodules, with symbiotic rhizobia. Nodulation was recorded in saline soils and/or at low pH values or in alkaline soils, suggesting adaptability of natural rhizobial populations to major ecological environmental stress and their ability to establish symbiotic associations within these soil environments. These results contribute to the progressing research efforts to uncover the biodiversity of rhizobia and to improve nitrogen fixation in agroforestry systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diegane Diouf
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
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Forrester DI, Schortemeyer M, Stock WD, Bauhus J, Khanna PK, Cowie AL. Assessing nitrogen fixation in mixed- and single-species plantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii. Tree Physiol 2007; 27:1319-28. [PMID: 17545131 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/27.9.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Acacia mearnsii de Wildeman are twice as productive as E. globulus monocultures growing on the same site in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia, possibly because of increased nitrogen (N) availability owing to N(2) fixation by A. mearnsii. To investigate whether N(2) fixation by A. mearnsii could account for the mixed-species growth responses, we assessed N(2) fixation by the accretion method and the (15)N natural abundance method. Nitrogen gained by E. globulus and A. mearnsii mixtures and monocultures was calculated by the accretion method with plant and soil samples collected 10 years after plantation establishment. Nitrogen in biomass and soil confirmed that A. mearnsii influenced N dynamics. Assuming that the differences in soil, forest floor litter and biomass N of plots containing A. mearnsii compared with E. globulus monocultures were due to N(2) fixation, the 10-year annual mean rates of N(2) fixation were 38 and 86 kg ha(-1) year(-1) in 1:1 mixtures and A. mearnsii monocultures, respectively. Nitrogen fixation by A. mearnsii could not be quantified on the basis of the natural abundance of (15)N because such factors as mycorrhization type and fractionation of N isotopes during N cycling within the plant confounded the effect of the N source on the N isotopic signature of plants. This study shows that A. mearnsii fixed significant quantities of N(2) when mixed with E. globulus. A decline in delta(15)N values of E. globulus and A. mearnsii with time, from 2 to 10 years, is further evidence that N(2) was fixed and cycled through the stands. The increased aboveground biomass production of E. globulus trees in mixtures when compared with monocultures can be attributed to increases in N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Forrester
- Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Accounting, G.P.O. Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Lloret L, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Rincón R, Martínez-Romero J, Rogel-Hernández MA, Martínez-Romero E. Ensifer mexicanus sp. nov. a new species nodulating Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze in Mexico. Syst Appl Microbiol 2007; 30:280-90. [PMID: 17293074 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new lineage of Ensifer nodulating the American legume Acacia angustissima in the tropical forest of Chiapas and Morelos, Mexico is described. Bacteria were identified as Ensifer with ssb or nolR specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis with partial sequences of the five chromosomal genes gyrA, nolR, recA, rpoB and rrs revealed that this new lineage is related to African Ensifer terangae. The results of total DNA-DNA hybridization and selected phenotypic tests among the A. angustissima strains and E. terangae indicated that they belong to different species. The phylogeny with the symbiotic nifH gene also separates this group as a different clade but with close affinities to bacteria belonging to the genus Ensifer isolated from American hosts. ITTG R7(T) (=CFN ER1001, HAMBI 2910, CIP 109033, ATCC BAA-1312, DSM18446) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Ensifer mexicanus sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Lloret
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 565-A, CP 62251, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Echeverría S, Crisóstomo JA, Freitas H. Genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with Acacia longifolia in two stages of invasion of coastal sand dunes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:5066-70. [PMID: 17545318 PMCID: PMC1951011 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00613-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the genetic diversity of root nodule bacteria associated with the Australian legume Acacia longifolia in two stages of invasion of a coastal sand dune system. All isolates belonged to the genus Bradyrhizobium. A higher diversity was found in the long-established trees. The results suggest the introduction of exotic bradyrhizobia with the plant.
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Essendoubi M, Brhada F, Eljamali JE, Filali-Maltouf A, Bonnassie S, Georgeault S, Blanco C, Jebbar M. Osmoadaptative responses in the rhizobia nodulating Acacia isolated from south-eastern Moroccan Sahara. Environ Microbiol 2007; 9:603-11. [PMID: 17298361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four strains of rhizobia nodulating Acacia were isolated from the Moroccan desert soil by trapping with seedlings of Acacia gummifera and Acacia raddiana, and were studied for their ability to tolerate high salinity and dryness conditions. The strains MDSMC 2, MDSMC 18 and MDSMC 50 were halotolerant (they tolerated up to 1 M NaCl) and they accumulated glutamate and mannosucrose. The synthesis of the latter solute, which is the major endogenous osmolyte, is partially repressed in the presence of glycine betaine. The strain MDSMC 34 was less halotolerant (growth inhibited by a concentration greater than 0.5 M NaCl), and accumulated trehalose (as the main endogenous osmolyte) and glutamate. Rhizobia from the Moroccan desert soil were highly resistant to desiccation and their tolerance to dryness was stimulated by osmotic pretreatment. Thus, the accumulation of mannosucrose or trehalose by desert rhizobia represents both an osmoadaptative response and a part of a desiccation tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Essendoubi
- Departement Osmorégulation chez les Bactéries, UMR-CNRS 6026, IFR 140, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
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41
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Ale-Agha N, Jensen M, Koeppen CW, Hermes M. Remarkable microfungi from Oaxaca (Mexico) of Acacia species. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2007; 72:857-866. [PMID: 18396821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the state of Oaxaca (Mexico, 10 km north-west of Puerto Escondido 15 degrees 55' N, 97 degrees 09' W) we were able to collect some microfungi living as parasites or saprophytes on Acacia species, some of them are causing attention for Oaxaca. Many belong to the Deuteromycotina (Hyphomycetes, Coelomycetes) and Ascomycotina. On A. hindsii: Calonectria pseudopeziza (Desm.) Sacc., Hypoxylon truncatum (Schwein. Fr.) J.H. Miller, Epicoccum nigrum Link., Zygosporium gibbum (Sacc., M. Roussau & E. Bommer) S.J. Hughes and on A. cornigera: Phyllosticta acaciicola P. Henn., Taeniolella alta (Ehrenb. ex Pers.) S.J. Hughes, Cephaliophora tropica Thaxt., Diplodia mutila (Fr. Fr.) Mont., Pleospora herbarum (Pers. Fr.) Rabenh., Gliocladium roseum Bainier, Ulocladium atrum Preuss., and different others. All species collected are listed in text.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ale-Agha
- Department of General Botany, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Wang FQ, Wang ET, Zhang YF, Chen WX. Characterization of rhizobia isolated from Albizia spp. in comparison with microsymbionts of Acacia spp. and Leucaena leucocephala grown in China. Syst Appl Microbiol 2006; 29:502-17. [PMID: 16406708 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This is the first systematic study of rhizobia associated with Albizia trees. The analyses of PCR-RFLP and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins and clustering of phenotypic characters grouped the 31 rhizobial strains isolated from Albizia into eight putative species within the genera Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium. Among these eight rhizobial species, five were unique to Albizia and the remaining three were shared with Acacia and Leucaena, two legume trees coexisting with Albizia in China. These results indicated that Albizia species nodulate with a wide range of rhizobial species and had preference of microsymbionts different from Acacia and Leucaena. The definition of four novel groups, Mesorhizobium sp., Rhizobium sp. I, Rhizobium sp. II and "R. giardinii", indicates that further studies with enlarged rhizobial population are necessary to better understand the diversity and to clarify the taxonomic relationships of Albizia-associated rhizobia.
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MESH Headings
- Acacia/microbiology
- Albizzia/microbiology
- Bacterial Proteins/analysis
- Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification
- Biodiversity
- China
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Genes, rRNA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/isolation & purification
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Rhizobiaceae/chemistry
- Rhizobiaceae/classification
- Rhizobiaceae/genetics
- Rhizobiaceae/isolation & purification
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Application, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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Duponnois R, Assikbetse K, Ramanankierana H, Kisa M, Thioulouse J, Lepage M. Litter-forager termite mounds enhance the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Acacia holosericea A. Cunn. Ex G. Don and Scleroderma dictyosporum isolates. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006; 56:292-303. [PMID: 16629758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of the present study was that the termite mounds of Macrotermes subhyalinus (MS) (a litter-forager termite) were inhabited by a specific microflora that could enhance with the ectomycorrhizal fungal development. We tested the effect of this feeding group mound material on (i) the ectomycorrhization symbiosis between Acacia holosericea (an Australian Acacia introduced in the sahelian areas) and two ectomycorrhizal fungal isolates of Scleroderma dictyosporum (IR408 and IR412) in greenhouse conditions, (ii) the functional diversity of soil microflora and (iii) the diversity of fluorescent pseudomonads. The results showed that the termite mound amendment significantly increased the ectomycorrhizal expansion. MS mound amendment and ectomycorrhizal inoculation induced strong modifications of the soil functional microbial diversity by promoting the multiplication of carboxylic acid catabolizing microorganisms. The phylogenetic analysis showed that fluorescent pseudomonads mostly belong to the Pseudomonads monteillii species. One of these, P. monteillii isolate KR9, increased the ectomycorrhizal development between S. dictyosporum IR412 and A. holosericea. The occurrence of MS termite mounds could be involved in the expansion of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and could be implicated in nutrient flow and local diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Duponnois
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Montpellier, France.
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Mohali S, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. Two new Fusicoccum species from Acacia and Eucalyptus in Venezuela, based on morphology and DNA sequence data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:405-13. [PMID: 16621494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Revised: 12/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Botryosphaeria spp. are common endophytes of woody plants, and they also include some serious pathogens of Eucalyptus and Acacia species. Numerous anamorphs have been associated with Botryosphaeria, of which the species Fusicoccum are amongst the most common. Here, we characterize two new Fusicoccum species, isolated from Eucalyptus and Acacia trees in Venezuela, based on morphological features in culture and comparisons of DNA sequence data. The two taxa named Fusicoccum andinum and F. stromaticum spp. nov, reside in two well-supported clades (BS values = 100%) based on a combined data set of the ITS of the rDNA operon and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1- alpha) gene sequences. The conidia of F. andinum are unusually large amongst Botryosphaeria anamorphs, and peripherally resemble those of B. mamane and B. melanops. F. stromaticum is characterized by large conidiomata in cultures, growth at 35 degrees C and slightly thickened conidial walls, which is different to most other Fusicoccum spp. No teleomorphs were observed for these fungi, but DNA sequence data show that they are anamorphs of Botryosphaeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Mohali
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 74 Lunnon Road, Hillcrest, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Romdhane SB, Nasr H, Samba-Mbaye R, Neyra M, Ghorbal MH, De Lajudie P. Genetic diversity of Acacia tortilis ssp. raddiana rhizobia in Tunisia assessed by 16S and 16S-23S rDNA genes analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:436-45. [PMID: 16478483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In order to understand the genetic diversity of Acacia tortilis ssp. raddiana-rhizobia in Tunisia, isolates from nine geographical locations were obtained and analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS Characterization using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene and the intergenic spacer (IGS) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes was undertaken. Symbiotic efficiency of the strains was also estimated. Analysis of the 16S rRNA by PCR-RFLP showed that the isolates were phylogenetically related to Ensifer ssp., Rhizobium tropicii-IIA, and Rhizobium tumefaciens species. Analysis of 16S-23S spacer by PCR-RFLP showed a high diversity of these rhizobia and revealed eleven additional groups, which indicates that these strains are genetically very diverse. Full 16S rRNA gene-sequencing showed that the majority of strains form a new subdivion inside the genera Ensifer, with Ensifer meliloti being its nearest neighbour. Nodulation test performed on the plant host demonstrated differences in the infectivity among the strains. CONCLUSION Rhizobial populations that nodulate specifically and efficiently Acacia tortilis ssp. raddiana in representative soils of Tunisia is dominated by E. meliloti-like genomospecies. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This paper provides the first clear characterization and symbiotic efficiency data of rhizobia strains nodulating A. tortilis in Tunisia.
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MESH Headings
- Acacia/genetics
- Acacia/microbiology
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Genetic Variation/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Plant Diseases/genetics
- Plant Roots/microbiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- Rhizobium/genetics
- Rhizobium/isolation & purification
- Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
- Symbiosis
- Tunisia
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ben Romdhane
- Institut National de Recherches en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts, BP.2, 2080 Ariana, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Assigbetse K, Gueye M, Thioulouse J, Duponnois R. Soil bacterial diversity responses to root colonization by an ectomycorrhizal fungus are not root-growth-dependent. Microb Ecol 2005; 50:350-9. [PMID: 16254760 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-004-0229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis tested in this present study was that the ectomycorrhizosphere effect on the bacterial community was not root-growth-dependent. The impacts of ectomycorrhizal infection (Pisolithus albus COI007) and a chemical fertilization to reproduce the fungal effect on root growth were examined on (1) the structure of bacterial community and (2) fluorescent pseudomonad and actinomycete populations in the mycorrhizosphere of Acacia auriculiformis using both culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. A. auriculiformis plants were grown in disinfested soil in pots with or without addition of the ectomycorrhizal fungus or N/P/K fertilization (to reproduce the fungal effect on root growth) for 4 months and then transferred to 20-L pots filled with nondisinfested sandy soil. The fungal and fertilizer applications significantly improved the plant growth after 4-month culture in the disinfested soil. In the nondisinfested cultural substrate, these positive effects on plant growth were maintained. The total soil microbiota was significantly different within the treatments as revealed from DNA analysis [denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)]. The structure of fluorescent pseudomonad populations was also affected by fungal and fertilizer applications. In contrast, no qualitative effect was observed for the actinomycete communities within each treatment, but fungal inoculation significantly decreased the number of actinomycetes compared to the fertilizer application treatment. These results show that the mycorrhizosphere effect is not root-growth-dependent but is mainly due to the presence of the ectomycorrhizal fungus and more particularly to the extramatrical mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komi Assigbetse
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité de Recherche IBIS (Interactions Biologiques dans les sols des systèmes anthropisés tropicaux), BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
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47
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André S, Galiana A, Le Roux C, Prin Y, Neyra M, Duponnois R. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis enhanced the efficiency of inoculation with two Bradyrhizobium strains and Acacia holosericea growth. Mycorrhiza 2005; 15:357-364. [PMID: 15616831 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-004-0340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two strains of Bradyrhizobium sp., Aust 13C and Aust 11C, were dually or singly inoculated with an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus albus to assess the interactions between ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and the nodulation process in glasshouse conditions. Sequencing of strains Aust 13C and Aust 11C confirmed their previous placement in the genus Bradyrhizobium. After 4 months' culture, the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis promoted plant growth and the nodulation process of both Bradyrhizobium strains, singly or dually inoculated. PCR/RFLP analysis of the nodules randomly collected in each treatment with Aust 13C and/or Aust 11C: (1) showed that all the nodules exhibited the same patterns as those of the Bradyrhizobium strains, and (2) did not detect contaminant rhizobia. When both Bradyrhizobium isolates were inoculated together, but without P. albus IR100, Aust 11C was recorded in 13% of the treated nodules compared to 87% for Aust 13C, whereas Aust 11C and Aust 13C were represented in 20 and 80% of the treated nodules, respectively, in the ectomycorrhizal treatment. Therefore Aust 13C had a high competitive ability and a great persistence in soil. The presence of the fungus did not significantly influence the frequencies of each Bradyrhizobium sp. root nodules. Although the mechanisms remain unknown, these results showed that the ectomycorrhizal and biological nitrogen-fixing symbioses were very dependent on each other. From a practical point of view, the role of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is of great importance to N2 fixation and, consequently, these kinds of symbiosis must be associated in any controlled inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S André
- UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/AGRO-M/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, TA10/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France
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Rivas R, Abril A, Trujillo ME, Velázquez E. Sphingomonas phyllosphaerae sp. nov., from the phyllosphere of Acacia caven in Argentina. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 54:2147-2150. [PMID: 15545449 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two bacterial strains (FA1 and FA2(T)) were isolated from the phyllosphere of a leguminous tree, Acacia caven, in central Argentina. The strains were Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and formed yellow-pigmented colonies on nutrient agar. The two-primer RAPD patterns of the two strains were identical, suggesting that they belong to the same species. The complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were obtained and comparisons demonstrated that they cluster phylogenetically with the species of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto. Strain FA2(T) was most closely related (97.6 %) to Sphingomonas adhaesiva. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other established Sphingomonas species ranged from 94.4 % (to Sphingomonas echinoides) to 97.6 % (to S. adhaesiva). Strains FA1 and FA2(T) were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Aesculin was hydrolysed, gelatin and urea were not. beta-Galactosidase was produced. From 51 compounds tested 21 were used as single sources of carbon. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-10. The predominant cellular fatty acids were 16 : 0, 18 : 1omega7c and 16 : 1omega7c (from summed feature 3). Hydroxy fatty acids 14 : 0 2-OH and 15 : 0 iso 2-OH were present as well (from summed feature 4). The polar lipids detected in strain FA2(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of strain FA2(T) was 61 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed 27.6 % relatedness between strain FA2(T) and S. adhaesiva DSM 7418(T). Based upon phenotypic and molecular evidence, a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas is proposed, Sphingomonas phyllosphaerae sp. nov., with strain FA2(T) (=LMG 21958(T)=CECT 5832(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Rivas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Génetica, Universidad de Salamanca, Lab. 209 Edificio Departamental de Biología, Campus M. Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adriana Abril
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martha E Trujillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Génetica, Universidad de Salamanca, Lab. 209 Edificio Departamental de Biología, Campus M. Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Encarna Velázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Génetica, Universidad de Salamanca, Lab. 209 Edificio Departamental de Biología, Campus M. Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Brearley FQ, Scholes JD, Su See L. Nitrogen nutrition and isotopic discrimination in tropical ectomycorrhizal fungi. Res Microbiol 2004; 156:184-90. [PMID: 15748983 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 09/05/2004] [Accepted: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is known that many ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi are able to utilise complex organic sources of nitrogen. Two hypotheses were tested using isolates of tropical EcM fungi grown in vitro: (i) EcM fungi isolated from mineral soils of tropical rain forests are less able to utilise organic sources of nitrogen than mineral sources; and (ii) nitrogen isotope discrimination patterns follow those of the nitrogen source utilised. Pisolithus albus and Tomentella sp. represented tropical EcM fungi and they were grown along with Thelephora terrestris. All three species were able to utilise bovine serum albumen as a nitrogen source and P. albus produced the greatest biomass on this source of nitrogen. Nitrate was generally less well utilised than ammonium although all three species were able to grow on this nitrogen source. The nitrogen source which led to the greatest biomass also led to the highest fungal nitrogen concentration in P. albus and Tomentella sp., but not T. terrestris. All three species discriminated against (15)N when grown on BSA and NO(3) but there were interspecific differences in isotope discrimination when grown on NH(4). From a limited number of isolates, it was found that EcM fungi from tropical soils utilise protein nitrogen as well as mineral nitrogen and there can be considerable nitrogen isotope discrimination during the utilisation of all these nitrogen sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Q Brearley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Duponnois R, Lesueur D. Sporocarps ofPisolithus albusas an ecological niche for fluorescent pseudomonads involved inAcacia mangiumWild –Pisolithus albusectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Can J Microbiol 2004; 50:691-6. [PMID: 15644922 DOI: 10.1139/w04-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fresh sporocarps and root and soil samples were collected under a monospecific forest plantation of Acacia mangium in Dagana in Northern Senegal and checked for the presence of fluorescent pseudomonads. No bacteria were detected except from sporocarps collected with adhering soil and hyphal strands. Pisolithus sporocarps were dried at 30 °C for 2 weeks, ground, passed through a 2-mm sieve and mixed together. This dry sporocarp powder (DSP) was used to inoculate and form mycorrhizas on A. mangium seedlings in a glasshouse experiment. After 3 months culture, plant growth was increased in the DSP treatment but no ectomycorrhizas were present on the A. mangium root systems; however fluorescent pseudomonads were recorded in the cultural soil. The stimulatory effects on the plant growth were maintained for 6 months. However, fluorescent pseudomonads were no longer detected and 35% of the short roots were ectomycorrhizal. Some of the fluorescent pseudomonad isolates detected after 3 months stimulated the radial fungal growth in axenic conditions. These observations suggest that these bacteria are closely associated with the Pisolithus fructifications and could interact with the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis establishment.Key words: ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, fluorescent pseudomonads, Pisolithus, Acacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Duponnois
- UMR 113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/AGRO-M/UM2, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
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