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Gilaverte Hentz S, Reyes Reyes FG, Kaschuk G, Bittencourt de Oliveira L, Machado Fernandes MA, Gomes Monteiro AL. Does Faeces Excreted by Moxidectin-Treated Sheep Impact Coprophagous Insects and the Activity of Soil Microbiota in Subtropical Pastures? Scientifica (Cairo) 2024; 2024:1960065. [PMID: 38356694 PMCID: PMC10866637 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1960065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Moxidectin (MOX) is used to control helminth parasites in ruminant livestock. It is released through feces and remains in the environment for a long period. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of faeces excreted by moxidectin-treated sheep on soil biodiversity (coprophagous insects, soil microbial biomass, and activity) to establish environment-related guidelines regarding the use of MOX in sheep livestock. The study consisted of two experiments. In the first one, faeces from MOX-treated (subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg·kg-1 body weight) and nontreated rams were placed on an animal-free pasture field, protected or not against rain, for 88 days. Then, coprophagous insects were captured, identified, and counted, and faeces degradation was evaluated by measuring dry weight and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents over time. Diptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, and Coleoptera were equally encountered in faeces from MOX-treated and nontreated animals. Faecal boluses of MOX-treated animals (with higher N content) not protected against rain degraded faster than faecal boluses of nontreated animals (with lower N content). In the second experiment, faeces from nontreated animals were amended with increasing amounts of MOX (75 to 3,000 ng·kg-1 faeces), mixed with soil samples from animal-free pasture (1.9 to 75 ng·kg-1 soil), and incubated in a greenhouse for 28 days. Increasing concentrations of MOX did not prevent the growth of cultivable bacteria, actinobacteria, or fungi in culture media. However, even the lower MOX concentration (1.9 ng·kg-1 soil) abruptly decreased soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, and N mineralization. Thus, the results indicate that faeces excreted from sheep treated with MOX under the experimental conditions of this study are not harmful to the coprophagous insects. However, adding MOX to faeces from drug-free sheep had a negative impact on soil microbial activity and biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Gilaverte Hentz
- Sheep and Goat Production and Research Center, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Felix Guillermo Reyes Reyes
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaciela Kaschuk
- Department of Soil and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Leandro Bittencourt de Oliveira
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Protection, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Angela Machado Fernandes
- Sheep and Goat Production and Research Center, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro
- Sheep and Goat Production and Research Center, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Kaschuk G, Auler AC, Vieira CE, Dakora FD, Jaiswal SK, da Cruz SP. Coinoculation impact on plant growth promotion: a review and meta-analysis on coinoculation of rhizobia and plant growth-promoting bacilli in grain legumes. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2027-2037. [PMID: 35896777 PMCID: PMC9679103 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinoculation of symbiotic N2-fixing rhizobia and plant growth-promoting Bacillus on legume seeds can increase crop productivity. We collected highly resolved data on coinoculation of rhizobia and bacilli on 11 grain legume crops: chickpea, common bean, cowpea, faba bean, groundnut, lentil, mung bean, pea, pigeon pea, soybean, and urad bean to verify the magnitude of additive effects of coinoculation in relation to single inoculation of rhizobia on plant growth and yield of grain legumes. Coinoculation of rhizobia and bacilli on legume seeds and/or soil during sowing significantly increased nodulation, nitrogenase activity, plant N and P contents, and shoot and root biomass, as well as the grain yield of most grain legumes studied. There were however a few instances where coinoculation decreased plant growth parameters. Therefore, coinoculation of rhizobia and Bacillus has the potential to increase the growth and productivity of grain legumes, and can be recommended as an environmental-friendly agricultural practice for increased crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaciela Kaschuk
- Post-Graduation in Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP 80035-050 Brazil
| | - André Carlos Auler
- Post-Graduation in Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP 80035-050 Brazil
| | - Crislaine Emidio Vieira
- Post-Graduation in Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP 80035-050 Brazil
| | - Felix Dapore Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanjay K. Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sonia Purin da Cruz
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi, km 3, Curitibanos, SC CEP 89520-000 Brazil
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Reznick JPK, Barth G, Kaschuk G, Pauletti V. Nitrogen and cultivars as field strategies to improve the nutritional status of wheat grain and flour. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cezar RM, Vezzani FM, Kaschuk G, Balsanelli E, de Souza EM, Vargas LK, Molin R. Crop rotation reduces the frequency of anaerobic soil bacteria in Red Latosol of Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2169-2177. [PMID: 34319574 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop diversity affects the processes of soil physical structuring and most likely provokes changes in the frequencies of soil microbial communities. The study was conducted for soil prokaryotic diversity sequencing 16S rDNA genes from a 25-year no-tillage experiment comprised of two crop systems: crop succession (Triticum aestivum-Glycine max) and rotation (Vicia sativa-Zea mays-Avena sativa-Glycine max-Triticum aestivum-Glycine max). The hypothesis was that a crop system with higher crop diversification (rotation) would affect the frequencies of prokaryotic taxa against a less diverse crop system (succession) altering the major soil functions guided by bacterial diversity. Soils in both crop systems were dominated by Proteobacteria (31%), Acidobacteria (23%), Actinobacteria (10%), and Gemmatimonadetes (7.2%), among other common copiotrophic soil bacteria. Crop systems did not affect the richness and diversity indexes of soil bacteria and soil archaea. However, the crop rotation system reduced only the frequencies of anaerobic metabolism bacteria Chloroacidobacteria, Holophagae, Spirochaetes, Euryarchaeota, and Crenarchaeota. It can be concluded that crop succession, a system that is poorer in root diversity over time, may have conditioned the soil to lower oxygen diffusion and built up ecological niches that suitable for anaerobic bacteria tolerating lower levels of oxygen. On the other hand, it appeared that crop rotation has restructured the soil over the years while enabling copiotrophic aerobic bacteria to dominate the soil ecosystem. The changes prompted by crop succession have implications for efficient soil organic matter decomposition, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, higher root activity, and overall soil productivity, which compromise to agriculture sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Matias Cezar
- Post-Graduate in Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Machado Vezzani
- Post-Graduate in Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Glaciela Kaschuk
- Post-Graduate in Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-050, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Francisco H. Dos Santos S/N, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Francisco H. Dos Santos S/N, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Luciano Kayser Vargas
- Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretary of Agriculture and Livestock of the State of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Gonçalves Dias, 570, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90130-060, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Molin
- ABC Foundation, Rod. PR 151 km 288, Caixa-postal: 1003, Castro, PR, CEP 84165-700, Brazil
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Monteiro PHR, Kaschuk G, Winagraski E, Auer CG, Higa AR. Rhizobial inoculation in black wattle plantation (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) in production systems of southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:989-998. [PMID: 31463869 PMCID: PMC6863320 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) is a tree legume native to southeast Australia, but present in all continents. Today it covers about 142,400 ha in Brazil, with plantations concentrated in the southern region of the country. Black wattle may form nodules and establish rhizobial symbiosis capable of fixing N2, but rhizobial inoculation is not done in commercial plantations. About 40 kg ha-1 of urea is applied during seedling transplantation. In this review, evidences by which rhizobial inoculation affects monoculture, mixed cultivation, and agroforestry black wattle production systems were searched in literature. Previous measurements in cultivated forests have indicated that biological nitrogen fixation in black wattle may provide up to 200 kg of N ha-1 year-1 to the soil. Therefore, rhizobia inoculation may bring several opportunities to improve black wattle production systems. Black wattle is not a very selective partner in the rhizobial symbiosis, but the genus Bradyrhizobium dominates the rhizobial diversity of black wattle nodules. Investigation on rhizobial diversity in soils where the crop is cultivated may represent an opportunity to find more effective rhizobia strains for inoculants. The successful history of biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes must inspire the history of tree legumes. Microbiology applied to forestry must overcome challenges on the lack of trained professionals and the development of new application technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Riboldi Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170 Brazil
| | - Glaciela Kaschuk
- Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050 Brazil
| | - Etienne Winagraski
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170 Brazil
| | - Celso Garcia Auer
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170 Brazil
- Embrapa Florestas, Cx. Postal 319, Colombo, Paraná 83411-000 Brazil
| | - Antônio Rioyei Higa
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170 Brazil
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Ito TM, Polido PB, Rampim MC, Kaschuk G, Souza SGH. Genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of the AP2/ERF gene superfamily in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:7839-51. [PMID: 25299098 DOI: 10.4238/2014.september.26.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) plays an important role in the economy of more than 140 countries, but it is grown in areas with intermittent stressful soil and climatic conditions. The stress tolerance could be addressed by manipulating the ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factors because they orchestrate plant responses to environmental stress. We performed an in silico study on the ERFs in the expressed sequence tag database of C. sinensis to identify potential genes that regulate plant responses to stress. We identified 108 putative genes encoding protein sequences of the AP2/ERF superfamily distributed within 10 groups of amino acid sequences. Ninety-one genes were assembled from the ERF family containing only one AP2/ERF domain, 13 genes were assembled from the AP2 family containing two AP2/ERF domains, and four other genes were assembled from the RAV family containing one AP2/ERF domain and a B3 domain. Some conserved domains of the ERF family genes were disrupted into a few segments by introns. This irregular distribution of genes in the AP2/ERF superfamily in different plant species could be a result of genomic losses or duplication events in a common ancestor. The in silico gene expression revealed that 67% of AP2/ERF genes are expressed in tissues with usual plant development, and 14% were expressed in stressed tissues. Because the AP2/ERF superfamily is expressed in an orchestrated way, it is possible that the manipulation of only one gene may result in changes in the whole plant function, which could result in more tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ito
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil
| | - P B Polido
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil
| | - M C Rampim
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil
| | - G Kaschuk
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil
| | - S G H Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil
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Torres AR, Kaschuk G, Saridakis GP, Hungria M. Genetic variability in Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains nodulating soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:1831-5. [PMID: 22805968 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Brazil has succeeded in sustaining production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] by relying mainly on symbiotic N(2) fixation, thanks to the selection and use in inoculants of very effective strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii. It is desirable that rhizobial strains used in inoculants have stable genetic and physiological traits, but experience confirms that rhizobial strains nodulating soybean often lose competitiveness in the field. In this study, soybean cultivar BR 16 was single-inoculated with four B. japonicum strains (CIAT 88, CIAT 89, CIAT 104 and CIAT 105) under aseptic conditions. Forty colonies were isolated from nodules produced by each strain. The progenitor strains, the isolates and four other commercially recommended strains were applied separately to the same cultivar under controlled greenhouse conditions. We observed significant variability in nodulation, shoot dry weight, shoot total N, nodule efficiency (total N mass over nodule mass) and BOX-PCR fingerprinting profiles between variant and progenitor strains. Some variant strains resulted in significantly larger responses in terms of shoot total N, dry weight and nodule efficiency, when compared to their progenitor strain. These results highlight the need for intermittent evaluation of stock bacterial cultures to guarantee effective symbiosis after inoculation. Most importantly, it indicates that it is possible to improve symbiotic effectiveness by screening rhizobial strains for higher N(2) fixation capacity within the natural variability that can be found within each progenitor strain.
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Kaschuk G, Hungria M, Leffelaar PA, Giller KE, Kuyper TW. Differences in photosynthetic behaviour and leaf senescence of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) dependent on N2 fixation or nitrate supply. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2010; 12:60-9. [PMID: 20653888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological N(2) fixation can fulfil the N demand of legumes but may cost as much as 14% of current photosynthate. This photosynthate (C) sink strength would result in loss of productivity if rates of photosynthesis did not increase to compensate for the costs. We measured rates of leaf photosynthesis, concentrations of N, ureides and protein in leaves of two soybean cultivars (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) differing in potential shoot biomass production, either associated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains, or amended with nitrate. Our results show that the C costs of biological N(2) fixation can be compensated by increased photosynthesis. Nodulated plants shifted N metabolism towards ureide accumulation at the start of the reproductive stage, at which time leaf N concentration of nodulated plants was greater than that of N-fertilized plants. The C sink strength of N(2) fixation increased photosynthetic N use efficiency at the beginning of plant development. At later stages, although average protein concentrations were similar between the groups of plants, maximum leaf protein of nodulated plants occurred a few days later than in N-fertilized plants. The chlorophyll content of nodulated plants remained high until the pod-filling stage, whereas the chlorophyll content of N-fertilized plants started to decrease as early as the flowering stage. These results suggest that, due to higher C sink strength and efficient N(2) fixation, nodulated plants achieve higher rates of photosynthesis and have delayed leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kaschuk
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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