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Abd El-Aal NH, Hussein AMHMM, Banerjee A, Hammama HH. Clinical and ex-vivo effect of LASERs on prevention of early-enamel caries: systematic review & meta-analyses. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:107. [PMID: 38635085 PMCID: PMC11026291 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the in vivo and in situ effect of different types of lasers in prevention of enamel demineralization in high caries risk cases (around orthodontic brackets, around restoration and in caries susceptible pits and fissures). PubMed was searched using the following keyword sequence; (Laser therapy OR laser irradiation OR laser application) AND (enamel caries prevention OR enamel demineralization OR enamel remineralization OR early enamel caries OR early-enamel caries OR enamel resistance OR enamel decalcification OR white spot lesions WSLs OR incipient lesion OR enamel decay OR enamel Dissolution OR enamel microhardness) AND (clinical trial OR Randomized clinical trial OR In situ study). The latest literature search was ended by "30 January 2023". PubMed was used as a primary data base for study selection. Scopus, EBSCO, and Google scholar are checked in our study after results of systematic search on PubMed. Only duplicates were found. Two meta-analyses were carried out. The first, clinical meta-analysis on incidence of white spot lesions (WSLs) following CO2 laser irradiation of enamel. The second meta-analysis on ex-vivo/in situ effect of CO2 laser on microhardness of enamel. In each meta-analysis three studies were included. Risk of bias was assessed. The search identified eight studies (four ex-vivo and four clinical trials). Regarding the clinical meta-analysis, the overall standardized mean difference was 0.21 [ 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.30, p < 0.00001]. This indicates that the incidence of new WSLs in patients who received low power CO2 laser treatment was highly significantly lower than placebo groups. The heterogeneity was considerable (I2 = 71%). In the second meta-analysis, the overall standardized mean difference was 49.55 [ 95% confidence interval (CI): 37.74, 61.37, p < 0.00001]. This indicates that microhardness of enamel receiving low power (0.4-5 W) CO2 laser irradiation is highly significantly lower than control untreated enamel. The heterogeneity was substantial (I2 = 48%). Within the limitations of this study, Low level laser therapy concept with CO2 laser seems to be effective in preventing enamel caries.Prospero registration number: CRD42023437379.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avijit Banerjee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Saghiri MA, Vakhnovetsky J, Abdolmaleki A, Samadi E, Samadi F, Napoli S, Conte M, Morgano SM. Mechanical properties of simulated dentin caries treated with metal cations and L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate. Odontology 2024; 112:489-500. [PMID: 37978093 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This pH cycling study aimed to investigate the effects of L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P) salts of Mg, Zn, Mn, Sr, and Ba on the surface microhardness, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength (DTS), and solubility of root canal dentin. 186 cylindrical dentin specimens from 93 teeth were fortified with optimal concentrations of AA2P salts of Mg (0.18 mM), Zn (5.3 µM), Mn (2.2 × 10-8 M), Sr (1.8 µM), and Ba (1.9 µM). Saline was used as the control group. These dentin specimens underwent a 3-day cycling process simulating dentin caries formation through repeated sequences of demineralization and remineralization. Surface microhardness at 100 and 500 µm depths (n = 10/subgroup), scanning electron microscopy (n = 3/group), compressive strength (n = 10/group), DTS (n = 6/group), and solubility (n = 5/group) tests were performed to analyze the dentin specimens. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, and Post Hoc Tukey tests (p < 0.05). The control group had significantly lower microhardness at both depths (p < 0.001), reduced DTS (p = 0.001), decreased compressive strength (p < 0.001), and higher weight loss (p < 0.001) than all other groups. The Sr group had the highest compressive strength and microhardness among all the groups. The microhardness was significantly higher for the 500 µm depth than the 100 µm depth (p < 0.001), but the difference in microhardness between depths across groups was not significant (p = 0.211). All fortifying solutions provided some protection against artificial caries lesions. Therefore, these elements might have penetrated and reinforced the demineralized dentin against acid dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- MSB C639A, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Julia Vakhnovetsky
- Sector of Innovation in Dentistry, Dr. Hajar Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster (DHAL), Hackensack, NJ, USA
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Elham Samadi
- Sector of Innovation in Dentistry, Dr. Hajar Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster (DHAL), Hackensack, NJ, USA
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Fatereh Samadi
- Sector of Innovation in Dentistry, Dr. Hajar Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster (DHAL), Hackensack, NJ, USA
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Salvatore Napoli
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Conte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Office of Clinical Affairs, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Steven M Morgano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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Hamed S, Abd El Latief MH, El-Wassefy NA, Montasser MA. Fluoride-amorphous calcium phosphate and biomimetic nano-hydroxyapatite for enamel remineralization: An in-vitro study of surface microhardness and composition. Int Orthod 2024; 22:100865. [PMID: 38457899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM Fluoride-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Biomimetic Nano-Hydroxyapatite for Enamel Remineralization; An In-Vitro Study of Surface Microhardness and Composition. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-six extracted human premolars with sound buccal surface were divided using a randomization computer-generating software into four groups; Group I (control) sound untreated enamel, Group II (demineralized) demineralized to create white spot lesions, Group III (biom-n-HA) demineralized and then treated with biomimetic nanohydroxyapatite cream, and Group IV (F-ACP) demineralized and then treated using Fluoride-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate varnish. Each group was divided into two subgroups; subgroup "A" evaluated for mineral content using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and for surface microhardness using the Vickers microhardness test and Subgroup "B" evaluated for white spot lesion depth using a polarized light microscope (PLM). RESULTS The highest microhardness (VHN) was found in the (F-ACP) group (mean=428.61±54.43) and then in the (Biom-n-HA) group (mean=408.11±70.16) followed by the (Control) group (mean=402.13±53.40) with no significant difference between them and finally in the significantly different (Demineralized) group (mean=256.99±45.83). The weight percentage of Ca (30.29±1.04 and 33.44±1.07) and Ca/P ratio (1.87±0.06 and 2.03±0.05) were significantly different between Group III and Group IV respectively. PLM measurements in Group II (198.83μm), Group III (60.17μm), and Group IV (26.33μm) were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Both the (Biom-n-HA) cream and the (F-ACP) varnish showed promising results for enamel remineralization. The increased enamel surface microhardness was consistent with the mineral content and the changes in the birefringence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Hamed
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Noha A El-Wassefy
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona A Montasser
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
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Emerenciano NG, Delbem ACB, Gonçalves FMC, de Camargo ER, de Souza Neto FN, Gorup LF, Silva-Sousa YTC, Danelon M. Effect of nanometric β-calcium glycerophosphate supplementation in conventional toothpaste on enamel demineralization: An in vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106354. [PMID: 38232670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing toothpastes containing 1100 ppm F with micrometric or nanometric [beta]-calcium glycerophosphate (β-CaGPm/β-CaGPn) on artificial enamel demineralization, using a pH cycling model. Bovine enamel blocks (4 mm × 4 mm, n = 120) selected using initial surface hardness were randomly allocated to ten toothpaste groups (n = 12): without fluoride or β-CaGPm or β-CaGPn (Negative control), 1100 ppm F (1100 F), and 1100 ppm F plus 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of β-CaGPm or β-CaGPn. Blocks were treated two times per day with toothpaste slurry and subjected to five pH cycles (demineralizing and remineralizing solutions) at 37 °C. The final surface hardness, percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), and profile analysis and lesion depth subsurface were analysed using polarized light microscopy (PLM). Fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) concentrations were also measured. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests ([alpha] = 0.001). Blocks treated with 1100 F toothpaste containing 0.5%β-CaGPm or 0.25%β-CaGPn showed with reduced %SH values when compared with those treated with 1100 F alone (p < 0.001). Reduced lesion depths (ΔKHN and PLM) were observed for the slurry made up of 1100 F and 0.25%β-CaGPn (p < 0.001). The addition of β-CaGPm and β-CaGPn did not influence the enamel F concentration, with the 1100 F/0.25%β-CaGPn group exhibiting the highest Ca and P enamel concentrations (p < 0.001). Based on the findings of this in vitro study, we can conclude that the fluoride toothpaste produced a superior effect when combined at an appropriate β-CaGP molar ratio. This effect was achieved with a lower proportion of β-CaGP in the form of nanometric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Gonçalves Emerenciano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP - Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP - Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Francyenne Maira Castro Gonçalves
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP - Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo
- LIEC-Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP - Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Gorup
- School of Chemistry and Food Science, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Italia km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Materials Engineering, Campus Porto, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelle Danelon
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP - Cep 16015-050, Brazil; School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto - UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Cep 14096-900, Brazil.
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Sardana D, Schwendicke F, Kosan E, Tüfekçi E. White spot lesions in orthodontics: consensus statements for prevention and management. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:621-628. [PMID: 37548264 PMCID: PMC10633804 DOI: 10.2319/062523-440.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish consensus recommendations for clinicians to manage white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three task force members reviewed the literature to identify best practices for minimizing WSLs during orthodontic treatment. Each draft statement was read to the task force members by a facilitator, followed by voting, accepting, or editing if necessary. The statements were then sent electronically by an independent third party (Magellan Medical Technology Consultants Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) to a previously formed content validation panel consisting of 20 independent private practitioners and clinical academicians for validation. RESULTS Twenty-one statements were developed and sent for content validation. While 19 statements achieved a content validation index (CVI) of 0.78, two items did not. These items were edited by the task force members based on qualitative feedback from content validation participants. Each of these revised statements did achieve a CVI of 0.78 on second evaluation from the content validation panelists and therefore were included in this document. CONCLUSION To reduce the risk of WSLs, it is essential to implement individualized caries management measures based on a comprehensive assessment of the patient's oral and systemic health. Effective at-home and professional mechanical and chemical plaque control should be implemented for high-risk orthodontic patients. Fluoride to support prevention and materials such as orthodontic sealants should also be used to provide a physical barrier around the brackets in high-risk patients. By following these guidelines, orthodontic professionals can help promote oral health and minimize the need for restorative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eser Tüfekçi
- Corresponding author: Eser Tüfekçi, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA (e-mail: )
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Zago JLG, de Cerqueira GA, Ferreira RDS, Aguiar FHB, Tabchoury CPM, Marchi GM. Evaluation of experimental resin infiltrant containing nanohydroxyapatite on color stability and microhardness in demineralized enamel. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6835-6845. [PMID: 37798534 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of 10% nanohydroxyapatite in an experimental resin infiltrant on color stability and mineral loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bovine enamel blocks were randomized into five groups (n = 27/group): SE (sound enamel); ICL (initial caries lesion); I (Icon®); E (experimental infiltrant); EH (experimental infiltrant containing 10% nanohydroxyapatite). Color evaluation (n = 15) was performed and CIEL*a*b* values were obtained at points T0 (baseline), T1 (14 days immersed on coffee solution), and T2 (28 days immersed) and data were calculated ∆E00, ∆WID, ∆L*, ∆a*, and ∆b*. Cross-sectional microhardness (n = 12) was performed and lesion area (∆S) was calculated. Images were obtained with polarized light optical microscopy at 40 × magnification (n = 5). RESULTS In color stability results, there was significant difference between time (14 and 28 days); ICL demonstrated significant difference among treated groups in all measures (∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, ∆E00, ∆WID) regardless of time; I and E demonstrated similar behavior on those measures and EH differed from I in ∆L*. For ∆S, ICL group showed a significant difference compared to I and EH groups, but did not differ from E. CONCLUSION The nanohydroxyapatite incorporation suggested an effective mineral recovery on initial caries lesion in depth; however, it showed high color variation, such as Icon. In terms of ∆S, I and EH had lower mineral loss, suggesting a reinforcement on initial caries lesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Commercial and experimental infiltrants containing nanohydroxyapatite present low color stability and might reinforce mineral in initial caries lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Laísa Gordilio Zago
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Alves de Cerqueira
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson de Sousa Ferreira
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Marchi
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vakkachan AP, Gopakumar ST, Janardhanan RK, Pootholathil S, Surendran S, Nair AV, Raveendran RK, Suresh G, Subramanian S, Pananghat V. Degradation of marine crustacean shell wastes through single-stage co-fermentation using proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30355-5. [PMID: 37851246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Management of crustacean shell waste (SW) through an eco-friendly technique is an environmental obligation to control pollution. The present study showed a novel approach through the simultaneous application of proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria to effectively degrade unprocessed crustacean SW. For this, the bacteria with concurrent chitinolytic and proteolytic activity (Bacillus subtilis, Priestia megaterium, or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) were applied either alone or in combination with one proteolytic strain (Paenibacillus alvei) in the unprocessed lobster, crab, and shrimp SW. The method degraded the shells with high deproteinization (> 90%) and demineralization efficiency (> 90%). The degradation was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. The highest weight loss achieved with shrimp, crab, and lobster shells was 93.67%, 82.60%, and 83.33%, respectively. B. amyloliquefaciens + P. alvei combination produced the highest weight loss in crab and lobster SW, whereas all combinations produced statistically similar weight loss in shrimp SW. There was a concurrent production of N-acetyl glucosamine (up to 532.89, 627.87, and 498.95 mg/g of shrimp, lobster, and crab shell, respectively, with P. megaterium + P. alvei and B. amyloliquefaciens + P. alvei in all SW) and amino acids (4553.8, 648.89, 957.27 μg/g of shrimp, lobster, and crab shells, respectively with B. subtilis + P. alvei in shrimp and B. amyloliquefaciens + P. alvei in crab and lobster). Therefore, it is concluded that, for the first time, efficient degradation of crustacean shell waste was observed using chitinolytic and proteolytic bacterial fermentation with the obtention of byproducts, providing a basis for further application in SW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amala Panaparambil Vakkachan
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
- Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Sumithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India.
| | - Reshma Kalarical Janardhanan
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Sayooj Pootholathil
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Sneha Surendran
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Anusree Velappan Nair
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | | | - Gayathri Suresh
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Shinoj Subramanian
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Ernakulam), ICAR-CMFRI, Kochi, Kerala, 682505, India
| | - Vijayagopal Pananghat
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
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Dias Gomes da Silva N, Sérgio da Silva Santos P, Carolina Magalhães A, Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf M. Antibacterial, antibiofilm and anticaries effect of BioXtra® mouthrinse for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients under a microcosm biofilm model. Radiother Oncol 2023; 187:109846. [PMID: 37543054 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Considering the lack of studies investigating salivary substitutes to control post-radiation caries for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticaries effects of BioXtra® on the microcosm biofilm formed on different enamel types (non-irradiated and irradiated) and from distinct saliva sources (control and HNC patients). MATERIALS AND METHODS Non-irradiated and irradiated enamel specimens were treated with BioXtra®, phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS; negative control), or 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX; positive control) for 1 min. Biofilm was produced from human saliva (healthy participants with normal salivary flow for the control group or irradiated HNC patients with hyposalivation for the HNC group), mixed with McBain saliva, under 0.2% sucrose exposure, daily submitted to the treatments (1 min), for 5 days. Bacterial metabolic activity, biofilm viability, CFU counting, and enamel demineralization were determined. RESULTS BioXtra® significantly reduced the bacterial metabolic activity for both enamel types and the inoculum sources, being more effective for the irradiated enamel or for the saliva from the control group. Similarly, BioXtra® significantly reduced the biofilm viability, the CFU for total microorganisms, mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli, and was able to significantly reduce the mineral loss and the lesion depth compared to PBS. CHX was an effective treatment to significantly reduce all parameters, performing better than BioXtra® and reinforcing its reliable efficiency as a positive control. CONCLUSION Regardless of the enamel type and the inoculum source, BioXtra® presented antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticaries effects under this experimental model, which should be confirmed in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natara Dias Gomes da Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saha S, Chopra A, Kamath SU, Kashyap NN. Can acid produced from probiotic bacteria alter the surface roughness, microhardness, and elemental composition of enamel? An in vitro study. Odontology 2023; 111:929-941. [PMID: 36995435 PMCID: PMC10492682 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that upon administration in adequate amounts provide various health benefits to the host. Probiotics are "lactic acid-producing bacteria" as they release large amounts of organic acids, particularly lactic acids, in their surrounding environment. Although the acids produced by probiotics are beneficial for gastrointestinal and vaginal health, the acidogenic nature of probiotics has raised concerns among dental professionals, especially concerning their effect on the enamel and dentin. Previous studies have found that probiotics can lower the pH of the saliva and cause essential elements like Calcium and Phosphorus to leach from the enamel. This can alter the surface topography of enamel and increase the risk of enamel defects. Studies have also noted that probiotic bacteria can replace cariogenic bacteria and lower the risk of tooth decay. However, the effect of acid produced by probiotics on the enamel surface remains unclear. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the surface roughness, microhardness, and elemental composition of enamel compared to 0.1 M Lactic acid (demineralizing agent). Twenty enamel sections were randomly divided into groups and subjected to a pH cycling model using a probiotic suspension and 0.1 M lactic acid. The changes in the surface roughness, microhardness, surface morphology, and elemental composition of the enamel with regard to Carbon, Oxygen, Sodium, Hydrogen, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, Chlorine, and Calcium of the enamel were evaluated before and after the emersion in both the groups. The results showed a significant increase in the mean surface roughness in the probiotic group before and after the exposure. The microhardness of the enamel decreased along with altered arrangement of the enamel prisms, increased striations, scratch marks, and pitting after exposure to the probiotic group. A decrease in the atomic/weight% for Calcium, Phosphorous, Fluoride, Aluminium, and Oxygen and an increase in the weight/atomic% for Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sodium were noted compared to the baseline in the probiotic solution. The results in the probiotic group were comparable to the 0.1 M lactic acids. The pH changed from 5.78 to 3.06 at the end of 24 h in the probiotic group. Based on these findings, we conclude that exposure to probiotics can affect microhardness and surface roughness and cause leaching of essential elements like Calcium and Phosphorous from the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Saha
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Shobha Ullas Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Namita N Kashyap
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
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Masarykova N, Tkadlec E, Chlup Z, Vrbsky J, Brysova A, Cernochova P, Izakovicova Holla L. Comparison of microleakage under orthodontic brackets bonded with five different adhesive systems: in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:637. [PMID: 37670283 PMCID: PMC10478400 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment is associated with numerous adverse side effects, such as enamel discoloration, demineralization or even caries. The presence of microleakage between the enamel and the adhesive and between the adhesive and the base of the orthodontic bracket allows penetration of the bacteria, molecules, and liquids into the enamel and can lead to unpleasant "white spot lesions" or secondary caries beneath and around the brackets. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate microleakage in five adhesive systems commonly used in orthodontic practice for bonding brackets. METHODS One hundred extracted premolars were divided into five groups of twenty teeth. Stainless steel Legend medium metal brackets were bonded to teeth using five adhesive systems: resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement GC Fuji Ortho LC (GCF) and composite materials Light Bond (LB), Transbond XT (TB), Trulock™ Light Activated Adhesive (TL), and GC Ortho Connect (GCO). The specimens were subjected to thermal cycling, stained with 2% methylene blue, sectioned with low-speed diamond saw Isomet and evaluated under a digital microscope. Microleakage was detected at the enamel-adhesive and adhesive-bracket interfaces from occlusal and gingival margins. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed models with beta error distribution. RESULTS Microleakage was observed in all materials, with GCF showing the highest amount of microleakage. Composite materials GCO, TB, and LB exhibited the lowest amount of microleakage with no statistical difference between them, while TL showed a statistically significantly higher amount of microleakage (p < 0.001). The enamel-adhesive interface had more microleakage in all composite materials (GCO, LB, TB, and TL) than the adhesive bracket-interface (p < 0.001). The highest amount of microleakage occurred in the gingival region in all materials. CONCLUSION Composite materials showed better adhesive properties than a resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement. The presence of microleakage at the enamel-adhesive interface facilitates the penetration of various substances into enamel surfaces, causing enamel demineralization and the development of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Masarykova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Tkadlec
- Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Chlup
- Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Žižkova 513/22, Brno, 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrbsky
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Brysova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Cernochova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
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11
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Yang Y, Xue Q, Zhang Y, He X, Li Z, Yang J. Quantitative analysis of the degree of demineralization for bleached enamel by optical coherence tomography. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103686. [PMID: 37399915 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth bleaching imparts whitening effects along with adverse effects such as increased tooth sensitivity and enamel surface changes. Herein, we employed optical coherence tomography (OCT), a nondestructive optical detection technique, for evaluation of tooth enamel after treatment with peroxide-based bleaching agents. METHODS Fifteen enamel samples were bleached using 38% acidic hydrogen peroxide-based bleach, subjected to OCT scanning, and then cross-sectioned and imaged under polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transverse microradiography (TMR). OCT cross-sectional images were compared with PLM and TMR. The depth and severity of demineralization produced in the bleached enamel were measured by OCT, PLM, and TMR. Comparison between the three techniques was performed using Kruskal-Wallis H non-parametric test and Pearson correlation. RESULTS In comparison with PLM and TMR, OCT clearly detected the changes in the enamel surface after hydrogen peroxide bleaching. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were observed in lesion depth between OCT and PLM (r=0.820), OCT and TMR (r=0.822), and TMR and PLM (r=0.861). There was no statistically significant difference in demineralization depth values measured by OCT, PLM, and TMR (p>0.05). CONCLUSION OCT can allow real-time, non-invasive imaging of artificially bleached tooth models and automatically measure the early changes in the enamel lesion structure upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, China
| | - Xingdao He
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, China
| | - Zekun Li
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Lippert F, Eder JS, Eckert GJ, Mangum J, Hegarty K. Detection of artificial enamel caries-like lesions with a blue hydroxyapatite-binding porosity probe. J Dent 2023; 135:104601. [PMID: 37364728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study investigated the ability of a blue protein-based hydroxyapatite porosity probe to selectively detect artificial enamel caries-like lesions of varying severities. METHODS Artificial caries-like lesions were formed in enamel specimens using a hydroxyethylcellulose-containing lactic acid gel for 4/12/24/72 or 168 h. One untreated group was used as a control. The probe was applied for 2 min and unbound probe rinsed off with deionized water. Surface color changes were determined spectrophotometrically (L*a*b* color space) and with digital photography. Lesions were characterized using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), Vickers surface microhardness, and transverse microradiography (TMR). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Digital photography did not reveal any discoloration in unaffected enamel. However, all lesions stained blue with color intensity positively correlated with demineralization times. The color data reflected similar trends: lesions became significantly darker (L* decreased) and bluer (b* decreased), while overall color differences (ΔE) increased significantly after probe application (4-h lesion, mean±standard deviation: ΔL*=-2.6 ± 4.1/Δb*=0.1 ± 0.8/ΔE=5.5 ± 1.3 vs. 168-h lesion: ΔL*=-17.3 ± 1.1/Δb*=-6.0 ± 0.6/ΔE=18.7 ± 1.1). TMR analysis revealed distinct differences in integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) and lesion depth (L) between demineralization times (4-h lesion: ΔZ=391±190 vol%min × µm/L = 18.1 ± 10.9 µm vs. 168-h lesion: ΔZ=3606±499 vol%min × µm/L = 111.9 ± 13.9 µm). QLF and microhardness were also able to differentiate between demineralization times. L and ΔZ strongly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient [r]) with Δb* (L vs. Δb*: r=-0.90/ΔZ vs. Δb*: r=-0.90), ΔE (r = 0.85/r = 0.81), and ΔL* (r=-0.79/r=-0.73). CONCLUSION Considering the limitations of this study, the blue protein-based hydroxyapatite-binding porosity probe appears to be sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between unaffected enamel and artificial caries-like lesions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Early detection of enamel caries lesions remains one of the most critical aspects in the diagnosis and management of dental caries. This study highlighted the potential of a novel porosity probe in detecting artificial caries-like demineralization by objective means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Eder
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George J Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. Tenth St., Suite 3000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jonathan Mangum
- Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd, Level 4, 71 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kerry Hegarty
- Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd, Level 4, 71 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Pooja HR, Nagar P, Mascarenhas AN, Chandana KCH, Vatsala N, Pallavi UGK. Effect of Liquorice Candies on Remineralization of Initial Enamel Carious Lesion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:S33-S38. [PMID: 37663213 PMCID: PMC10474382 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra), known as liquorice root is one such herbal remedy that has been shown to have immense potential in the treatment of orofacial diseases. Aim To evaluate the remineralizing potential of liquorice extract on initial enamel carious lesions. Materials and methods An in vitro and in vivo study was conducted, wherein the sound-extracted human premolars were sectioned longitudinally and into enamel blocks of size 4 × 4 mm. Enamel blocks were demineralized to produce artificial carious lesions. In vitro study, the demineralized enamel block was exposed to artificial saliva for 5 minutes and artificial saliva containing liquorice for 4 minutes 14 times in a sequential manner. An in vivo study was carried out on six volunteers aged between 6 and 12 years. The demineralized enamel block was inserted into the 5 × 5 mm window created on the full palatal coverage appliance. Patients were given commercially available liquorice candies (Ricola) to consume for 7 days twice daily. The remineralization potential of liquorice on demineralized enamel block was assessed using confocal microscopy analysis. Results Liquorice extract containing candies showed visual remineralization of the demineralized area on the enamel surface through confocal images. Conclusion Liquorice extract possesses remineralizing potential with its other medicinal properties. . How to cite this article Pooja HR, Nagar P, Mascarenhas AN, et al. Effect of Liquorice Candies on Remineralization of Initial Enamel Carious Lesion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S33-S38.
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Affiliation(s)
- HR Pooja
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Priya Nagar
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Andrea N Mascarenhas
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - KCH Chandana
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N Vatsala
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - UGK Pallavi
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Danilchenko S, Kalinkevich A, Zhovner M, Li H, Kochenko A, Danylchenko P, Wang J. X-ray diffraction studies of a partially demineralized oriented cortical bone with the controlled depth of analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17809. [PMID: 37424593 PMCID: PMC10328983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro demineralization of bone tissue is used for simulating the osteoporosis related bone loss. This way would be helpful in observations of bone apatite dissolution in microstructural level and may give significant input for understanding crystal-chemistry of bone resorption. In the case of cortical bone, demineralization occurs inhomogeneously, with the formation of a superficial demineralized layer and a transition zone with a gradient of concentration and structural characteristics perpendicular to the reaction advance front. Changes in the microstructural parameters of the bone mineral in this interface zone are of great interest for understanding the resorptive processes in the bone associated with osteoporosis. In this work, the SEM-EDX method was used to estimate the sizes of the demineralized and interface layers in the cortical bone during stepwise demineralization in HCl water solution; the general patterns of changes in the concentrations of Ca, P, and Cl in these layers were established. The calculations of the effective penetration depth of X-rays in diffraction mode for the intact and partially demineralized cortical bone were performed. It is shown that the use of CoKα radiation (instead of the usual CuKα) ensures the depth of probing within the interface zone, which allows to adequately assess the microstructural parameters (crystallite sizes and lattice microdeformations) of altered bioapatite in the zone of its interaction with an acid agent. A nonmonotonic change in the average size of crystallites and microdeformations of the apatite lattice was revealed during acid demineralization of the bone. Using asymmetric XRD geometry, the evidence was obtained that the affected mineral of the transition zone does not contain other crystalline phases except for weakly crystallized apatite. For the first time, the depth-controlled XRD analysis was applied to such a complex (surface-gradient) object as partially demineralized cortical bone. Additionally, we propose a rapid, averaging, and non-destructive method for estimating the depth of the reaction front dividing the demineralized and non-demineralized portions of the bone by XRD. The consistency of XRD and SEM-EDX data on the thickness values of the demineralized layer is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Danilchenko
- Institute of Applied Physics, NASU, 58 Petropavlivska St., 40000, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Aleksei Kalinkevich
- Institute of Applied Physics, NASU, 58 Petropavlivska St., 40000, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Zhovner
- Institute of Applied Physics, NASU, 58 Petropavlivska St., 40000, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - He Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Aleksandr Kochenko
- Institute of Applied Physics, NASU, 58 Petropavlivska St., 40000, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Petro Danylchenko
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, 9, Park Angelinum, 04154, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jufang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Al Ghwainem A. Impact of Various Remineralizing Agents on Artificial White Spot Lesion on Primary Teeth-A Comparative Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S426-S429. [PMID: 37654400 PMCID: PMC10466537 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_485_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the current research was to assess the effectiveness of different remineralizing substances on artificial white spot lesions on deciduous teeth. Materials and Methods 45 deciduous teeth without dental caries constituted the study group for this in vitro research. A 3 mm by 3 mm window of enamel was uncovered at the occluso-gingival midpoint of the coronal labial surface; an acid-resistant nail varnish was coated alongside the uncovered enamel surface of all specimens, employing vertical strokes. Demineralization was executed for the tenure of 72 hours at 37°C temperature in an incubator. The forty-five specimens, fifteen in each group, were assigned to the investigational groups plus a control group as: Group A: Control, Group B: Calcium sucrose phosphate (CaSP), Group C: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate-fluoride (CPP-ACPF). Microhardness tester was employed for testing the microhardness of the enamel surface using a Vickers diamond indenter laden with twenty-five milligrams for approximately ten seconds. Vickers hardness number (VHN) calculations for the microhardness were performed at baseline and on the fourteenth day. Results The CPP-ACPF group exhibited greater mean microhardness value at 236.14 ± 2.12, in pursuit by CaSP group with a score of 231.98 ± 3.16 and then the control group at 220.22 ± 5.08. An extremely statistically significant difference was seen amid the groups. Conclusion The current research arrived at a conclusion that both the remineralizing substances were certainly efficient in handling early dental caries, and additionally, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate-fluoride (CPP-ACPF) was found highly efficient as a remineralizing substance, in pursuit by calcium sucrose phosphate (CaSP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamid Al Ghwainem
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Giacaman RA, Maturana CA, Molina J, Volgenant CMC, Fernández CE. Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Added to Milk, Chewing Gum, and Candy on Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. Caries Res 2023; 57:106-118. [PMID: 37054690 DOI: 10.1159/000530638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein is one of the most studied proteins with activity against dental caries. In particular, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) has shown promising remineralizing properties. In vivo evidence on the anticaries potential of CPP-ACP added to foodstuffs is elusive, nonetheless. Hence, this systematic review aimed at determining whether the use of CPP-ACP added to foodstuffs has a remineralizing or inhibitory action on dental demineralization either in vivo or in situ. The review protocol followed the PRISMA-P criteria and was registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using predefined criteria, based on the PICO question: Is there an effect on dental caries upon adding CPP-ACP to milk, chewing gums, or candies? No year or language limits were applied. Article selection and data extraction were carried out independently by 2 investigators. Two hundred ten titles were examined, 23 were selected for full-text review, and 16 studies were included (2 in vivo and 14 in situ). CPP-ACP was added to candy in 2 studies, to milk in 2 studies, and to chewing gum in 12 studies. The main outcomes included enamel remineralization and activity against dental biofilm. The overall quality of the evidence was classified as moderate. The available evidence suggests that CPP-ACP added to milk, chewing gum, or candy has a potential remineralizing activity on tooth enamel, with some additional antibacterial activity on the dental biofilm. Further clinical studies are needed to verify if this effect is clinically significant in reducing the caries lesion incidence or to revert the demineralizing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Chilean State Universities, Santiago, Chile
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Cariology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catalina A Maturana
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - José Molina
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Catherine M C Volgenant
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Cariology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Constanza E Fernández
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
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Daood U, Fawzy A. Development of a bioactive dentin adhesive resin modified with magnesium-doped synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105737. [PMID: 36827934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim is to evaluate the development of an experimental multi-mode/Universal resin-based dentin adhesive modified with synthetic Mg2+ doped hydroxyapatite crystals (HAp) having self-remineralization and antibiofilm properties. HAp doped with Mg2+ was prepared by the precipitation method. Experimental adhesives were subjected to degree of conversion and X-ray diffraction test for size and crystal structure. Bond strength was tested, and electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) imaging of resin-dentin interface was done along with nanoleakage, nanoindentation, confocal and Raman analyses. S. mutans was analysed using CLSM images against modified adhesive specimens. Nucleating abilities within the resin-dentin specimens are determined by measuring Ca2+. Alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, and Ocn transcripts are amplified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). A calcium assay is performed to quantify level of mineralisation. When compared to control adhesives, the 0.5% Hap/Mg2+ containing experimental dentin adhesive demonstrated improved interaction with dentin. The preservation of uniform intact hybrid layer with the absence of nanoleakage indicated dentin bond integrity with 0.5% HAP/Mg2+ modified adhesive. Self-remineralization and antibiofilm potentials are supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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de Holanda Ferreira DA, Rolim de Abreu NM, Meira KRS, de Sousa FB. Organic volume and permeability variations in the surface layer of artificial and natural enamel carious lesions. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105645. [PMID: 36804643 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Test the hypothesis the type of enamel caries (natural, artificial induced by gel, and artificial induced by acid solutions) affect the organic volume and the permeability of the surface layer in enamel caries lesions. DESIGN Artificial enamel caries, induced by either acidic solution (organic-poor; Group 1) or acidic gel (organic-rich; Group 2), and natural non-cavitated inactive approximal enamel caries lesions (NEC; Group 3) were obtained, from which longitudinal ground sections were prepared. Measurements of the mineral (Vmin) (by microradiography), and water (α) and organic (β) volumes (by optical birefringence) were obtained at three points in the surface layer (n = 30/group). RESULTS The main outcomes were the ratio between experimental β by predicted β (β Ratio) and the ratio between experimental and predicted permeabilities (αd Ratio). β Ratio in Group 1 was lower than in Groups 2 (Cohen's d: -1.81; 95% CI:-1.45,-2.32; p < 0.001) and 3 (Cohen's d: -0.71; 95% CI:-0.27,-1.18; p = 0.004), and Group 2 surpassed Group 3 (Cohen's d: 0.49; 95% CI:0.07,0.94; p = 0.03). αd Ratio in Group 1 was higher than in Groups 2 (Cohen's d: 1.86; 95% CI:1.49,2.33; p < 0.001) and 3 (Cohen's d: 0.60; 95% CI:0.18,1.14; p = 0.01), and Group 3 surpassed Group 2 (Cohen's d: 0.61; 95% CI:0.23,1.07; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The highest organic volume and the lowest permeability occurred at the surface layer of gel-induced artificial enamel caries lesions, which should be preferred in in vitro studies on de- and remineralization and resin infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Augusto de Holanda Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Murielly Rolim de Abreu
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Kássia Regina Simões Meira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Frederico Barbosa de Sousa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.
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Antoine-Michard A, Charbonnel C, Jaouen I, Sanchez C, Nigen M. Maturation of demineralized arabinogalactan-proteins from Acacia seyal gum in dry state: Aggregation kinetics and structural properties of aggregates. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123509. [PMID: 36739053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation in dry state of mineral-loaded arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) from Acacia seyal gum (GA) generally occurs above 70 °C. This study focuses on the aggregation sensitivity of AGPs after their demineralization. The dry incubation in mild temperature (25 °C to 70 °C) of demineralized AGPs induced the formation of aggregates, not observed with GA. AGPs aggregated following a self-assembly mechanism for which temperature only modulated the aggregation rate. The activation energy was around 90-100 kJ·mol-1 that could correspond to chemical condensation reactions induced by the AGPs surface dehydration. The aggregation kinetics were characterized by the formation of soluble aggregates during the first times of incubation, whose molar mass increased from 1 · 106 g·mol-1 to 6.7 · 106 g·mol-1 (SEC MALS) or 12 · 106 g·mol-1 (AF4 MALS) after 1.66 days of dry heating at 40 °C. These soluble aggregates revealed they adopted a similar conformation to that of not aggregated AGPs with a νh value around 0.45. Above 1.66 days at 40 °C, the soluble aggregates grew up to form microparticles with sizes ranging from 10 to around 200 μm. This study highlighted the protective role of cations from AGPs whose demineralization increased their sensibility to dry heating and their chemical reactivity for aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Antoine-Michard
- UMR IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France; ALLAND & ROBERT, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Céline Charbonnel
- UMR IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christian Sanchez
- UMR IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Michaël Nigen
- UMR IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France.
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20
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Lan Z, Zhao IS, Li J, Li X, Yuan L, Sha O. Erosive effects of commercially available alcoholic beverages on enamel. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:236-240. [PMID: 36624075 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of four alcoholic beverages on enamel erosion. Fifty enamel specimens were randomly allocated into the following five groups (n=10): group 1, water as negative control; group 2, red wine; group 3, white wine; group 4, distilled spirit; and group 5, beer. The specimens were immersed in the respective solution for a 16 h demineralization, followed by an 8 h remineralization in artificial saliva. Cyclic de- and re-mineralization were performed for 8 days. Surface roughness, microhardness and morphology of the enamel specimens were studied after the cycling. The results were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Dunnett's post-hoc test (p<0.05). All investigated beverages showed an erosive effect on enamel. White wine had the highest erosive potential whereas distilled spirit had the least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Lan
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center
| | | | - Jia Li
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)
| | - Ou Sha
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center
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21
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Qiu L, Lu Y, Dong H, Zhang H, Zhang M, Deng Q, Song J. Enhanced effect of a novel bioactive glass-ceramic for dental application. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2027-2040. [PMID: 36933046 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in humans, caused by the acid produced by the microflora in the mouth that dissolves the enamel minerals. Bioactive glass (BAG) has been used in various clinical applications due to its unique bioactive properties, such as bone graft substitutes and dental restorative composites. In this study, we introduce a novel bioactive glass-ceramic (NBGC) prepared through a sol-gel process under a water-free condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-demineralization and remineralization effects of NBGC were evaluated by comparing the measurements of bovine enamel surface morphology, surface roughness, surface micro-hardness, enamel elements, and mineral content before and after related treatments with a commercial BAG. The antibacterial effect was characterized by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). RESULTS Results showed that NBGC had greater acid resistance and remineralization potential compared to commercial BAG. The fast formation of a hydroxy carbonate apatite (HCA) layer suggests efficient bioactivity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In addition to its antibacterial properties, NBGC shows promise as an ingredient in oral care products that can prevent demineralization and restore enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yu Lu
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Haide Dong
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanfu Deng
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Pelá VT, Ventura TMO, Taira EA, Thomassian LTG, Brito L, Matuhara YE, Henrique-Silva F, Groisman S, Carvalho TS, Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR. Use of Reflectometer Optipen to assess the preventive effect of a sugarcane cystatin on initial dental erosion in vivo. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 141:105782. [PMID: 36934688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The sugarcane cystatin 5 (CaneCPI-5) showed protection against erosion and erosive tooth wear (ETW) under several protocols. However, evaluating these conditions in vivo is hard due to the lack of a suitable device. The aim of this study was to use clinically the relative surface reflection intensity (%SRI) by the Reflectometer Optipen to assess the acquired pellicle engineering with CaneCPI-5 rinse for the prevention of initial erosion in vivo. Nine volunteers were distributed in three cross-over phases, according to the rinse used, as follows: 1) Deionized water (negative control); 2) Elmex® (800 ppm Sn2+, 500 ppm F-; positive control); 3) 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. The following experimental steps were performed: Initially, the volunteers received prophylaxis and the initial %SRI was performed. Subsequently, they rinsed with the solutions (10 mL; 1min), followed by the formation of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP; 120min). After, the erosive challenge with citric acid 1%, pH 2.5 (10 μL; 10s) was performed (in isolation) on the buccal surface of the maxillary central incisors (right and left). The calcium present in the acid was analyzed by Arsenazo III method. Finally, the final %SRI was performed. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's tests and Spearman's correlation were used (p < 0.05). For both variables, the negative control led to significantly less protection (lower reflectivity and higher calcium release) in comparison with the other groups. The best protection (higher reflectivity and lower calcium release) was observed for the Elmex® and the CaneCPI-5 groups, with no significant differences between them (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between both analyzes. The Reflectometer Optipen demonstrated to be a good device to assess clinically. Moreover, CaneCPI-5 rinse proved effective through acquired pellicle engineering against initial erosion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Even Akemi Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Leonardo Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Yan Eiji Matuhara
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Groisman
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Guo W, Li Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Li C, Jin Y, Li Y, Chen X, Miao W. Photodynamic nano hydroxyapatite with biofilm penetration capability for dental plaque eradication and prevention of demineralization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113242. [PMID: 36905831 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries represents one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, characteristic of the growth of dental plaque and demineralization of tooth enamel. Current medications for eradication of dental plaques and prevention of demineralization suffer from several limitations to overcome, calling for novel strategies with great potency in eliminating cariogenic bacteria and dental plaque that forms, as well as in inhibiting the demineralization of enamel, into an integrated system. Considering the potency of photodynamic therapy in bacteria inactivation and the composition of enamel, we herein report that the novel photodynamic nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP), named Ce6 @QCS/nHAP, was useful for this purpose. Ce6 @QCS/nHAP, comprised of quaternary chitosan (QCS)-coated nHAP loaded with chlorin e6 (Ce6), exhibited good biocompatibility and non-compromised photodynamic activity. In vitro studies revealed that Ce6 @QCS/nHAP could effectively associate with cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), leading to a significant antibacterial effect through photodynamic killing and physical inactivation against the planktonic microbe. Three-dimensional fluorescence imaging suggested that Ce6 @QCS/nHAP exhibited a superior S. mutans biofilm penetration capacity to free Ce6, resulting in effective dental plaque eradiation when light irradiation was applied. The number of surviving bacteria in biofilm was at least 2.8 log units lower in the Ce6 @QCS/nHAP group compared to that in the free Ce6 group. Further, in the S. mutans biofilm-infected artificial tooth model, treatment with Ce6 @QCS/nHAP also resulted in the significant prevention of hydroxyapatite disks from demineralization, with lower percentage of fragmentation and weight loss These data suggest that our photodynamic nanosystem can effectively eradicate dental plaque while also significantly protecting artificial tooth from demineralization, opening up new possibilities in treating bacterium-associated dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, PR China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yueying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Chenhui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yangye Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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Iber BT, Torsabo D, Chik C, Wahab F, Abdullah S, Abu Hassan H, Kasan N. A study on the effects of interfering with the conventional sequential protocol for chemical isolation and characterization of chitosan from biowaste of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13970. [PMID: 36915541 PMCID: PMC10006476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unless better measures are put in place to address the environmental and social impacts emanating from the huge waste generated from sea food processing industries; 'tragedy of the commons' is inevitable. Needless to re-emphasise the enormous contributions of aquaculture as the perfect substitute to capture fisheries which has been proven unsustainable. Be that as it may, the huge amount of bio-waste produced could be transformed into useful products such as chitin and chitosan with far reaching applications. Chitin and chitosan have been consistently processed from many sources following the traditional chemical sequence of Demineralization (DM), Deproteinization (DP), Decolouration (DC) and Deacetylation (DA). In this study, this method was re-ordered, resulting to 4 sequences of chemical processes. HCl, NaOH, ethanol (97%) and NaOH (50%) were used for DM, DP, DC and DA respectively. The results of this study showed that better chitin (23.99 ± 0.61%) and chitosan (15.17 ± 1.69%) yields were obtained from sequence four (SQ4) following the order of DC-DM-DP-DA. In addition, physicochemical properties such as DDA (80.67 ± 2.52%) and solubility (66.43 ± 2.61%) were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in SQ4 thereby making the obtained product suitable for use as coagulant and flocculant in wastewater treatment. Results of FTIR, XRD and SEM of the study proved that the resultant product exhibited the characteristic nature of chitosan with porous and fibril nature. In the analysis of the physical properties of chitosan obtained from bio-waste of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the high Carr's index (CI) and low bulk as well as tapped densities were an indication that the chitosan produced in this study had poor flowability and compressibility, thereby making it unfit for application in pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Terkula Iber
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, (Formally Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi), P.M.B.2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Donald Torsabo
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, (Formally Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi), P.M.B.2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Che Chik
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fachrul Wahab
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Kasan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Shetty SS, Nekkanti S. Remineralization Potential of a Novel Biomimetic Material (Self-assembling Peptide P 11-4) on Early Enamel Caries: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:181-187. [PMID: 37272130 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the remineralizing potential of self-assembling peptide P11-4 and compare it to the remineralizing potential of fluoride varnish using DIAGNOdentTM, as well as the amount of mineral gain after application of fluoride varnish and self-assembling peptide P11-4. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 20 premolars extracted during orthodontic therapy with all surfaces intact and free of hypoplastic regions, white spot lesions (WSL) and dental caries. The teeth sample for Curodont RepairTM (self-assembling P11-4) and Bifluorid 10® (fluoride varnish) was equally divided. On each tooth surface, a 2 × 2 mm window was created. The samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 96 hours before being subjected to DIAGNOdentTM pen reading, ICDAS-II scoring, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis on one half of the sample. The remineralizing agents were applied to the second half of the sample according to the manufacturer's instructions and placed in artificial saliva for 21 days, with the artificial salvia being replaced every 24 hours. After 21 days, the second half of the sample was subjected to DIAGNOdentTM pen reading, ICDAS-II score, and SEM-EDX analysis. RESULTS Following remineralization, the DIAGNOdentTM pen and ICDAS-II score values differed statistically between the two groups, with the Bifluorid 10® group reporting higher mean values (p > 0.05) using t-test analysis. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis using the t-test revealed a statistically significant result for remineralization (p < 0.05), with CurodontTM Repair group (55.150.84) reporting better mean values than Bifluorid 10® for phosphorus and calcium, but Bifluorid 10® reporting a higher result in remineralization (p < 0.05) than CurodontTM Repair for fluoride. CONCLUSION CurodontTM Repair showed better remineralizing potential compared with Bifluorid 10® varnish. In terms of the mineral gain, CurodontTM Repair showed better results for calcium and phosphorus post-remineralization. Whereas Bifluorid 10® showed a higher gain in terms of fluoride. Self-assembling peptide P11-4 can be used as an alternative to fluoride varnish for remineralizing WSL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Self-assembling polypeptide P11-4 is a novel remineralizing agent for initial enamel lesions, which is the least-invasive method of enamel remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Satish Shetty
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sridhar Nekkanti
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Phone: +91 9886932642, e-mail:
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Hardikar AS, Gaonkar NN, Devendrappa SN, Machindra TS, Hadkar S. Qualitative and Quantitative Profiling of Enamel Remineralizing Potential of Fluoride Varnishes Incorporating Bioactive Glass, Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate, and Modified MTA: A Raman Spectroscopic Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:363-370. [PMID: 37519984 PMCID: PMC10373779 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate and compare for remineralization potential of enamel at three different time intervals using commercially available MI Varnish and Duraflor Halo varnish [5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish] incorporating bioactive glass, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and biomimetically modified mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Materials and methods For the study, a buccolingual division into equal halves was done for 64 decoronated premolar crowns. Among these 64 crowns, we mounted 32 in acrylic discs to be used for microhardness and induced white spot lesions (WSLs) measuring 5 × 5 mm on the exposed enamel surface. These samples were divided into four groups of 24 each depending upon the varnish used. Varnish application was done, followed by immersion of these samples for 24 hours in artificial saliva, followed by peeling off of varnish. A pH cycling of 28 days was done after the varnish application before assessing the remineralization of the samples. Evaluation of all these samples was done at three different time intervals, baseline, after demineralization, and post remineralization for microhardness on the enamel surface. Raman spectroscopy was utilized for the measurement of phosphate (P) ion release. Sectioning of these samples to a thickness of 100 µm approximately was done to be viewed under a polarized light microscope. Results Bioactive glass incorporated varnish showed the highest microhardness values, mineral content levels, and least depth of lesion posttreatment. Conclusion All the experimental varnish showed significant remineralizing potential with the best potency seen with bioactive glass incorporated varnish. Clinical significance The nonfluoride agents can be appropriately used in 2 wt% amount to augment the benefits of fluoride. How to cite this article Hardikar AS, Gaonkar NN, Devendrappa SN, et al. Qualitative and Quantitative Profiling of Enamel Remineralizing Potential of Fluoride Varnishes incorporating Bioactive Glass, Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate, and modified MTA: A Raman Spectroscopic Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):363-370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka S Hardikar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namrata N Gaonkar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shashikiran Nandhihally Devendrappa
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Taur S Machindra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital (BDCH), Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Savita Hadkar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India
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Guo RL, Huang GB, Long YZ, Dong YM. [Effects of novel bioactive glasses on promoting remineralization of artificial dentin caries]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 55:82-7. [PMID: 36718693 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of novel bioactive glasses (BG) including PSC with high phosphorus component and FBG with fluorine-doped element on promoting remineralization of artificial dentin caries. METHODS (1) BGs were used in this study as follows: PSC (10.8%P2O5-54.2%SiO2-35.0%CaO, mol.%) were synthesized using phytic acid as the phosphorus precursor through sol-gel method. FBG (6.1%P2O5-37.0%SiO2-53.9%CaO-3.0%CaF2, mol.%) and 45S5(6.0%P2O5-45.0%SiO2-24.5%CaO-24.5%Na2O, mol.%) were synthesized by traditional melt method. (2) The above BGs were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 24 hours. Then X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. (3) Prepared 1 mm thick dentin slices were soaked in 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 1 week to demineralize the dentin. Then the dentin slices treated by BG were soaked in SBF for 1 week. Field emission scanning electron micro-scopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of the dentin slices. (4) Four cavities were prepared to 1 mm depth in each 2 mm thick dentin slice, then were treated with lactic acid for 2 weeks to form the artificial dentin caries. Wax, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), PSC and FBG were used to fill four cavities as blank control group, MTA group, PSC group and FBG group respectively. Then the spe-cimens were soaked in SBF for 4 weeks. The changes of depth and density of demineralized dentin were analyzed using Micro-CT before filling and after 2 and 4 weeks filling. RESULTS (1) PSC and FBG promoted mineral formation on the surfaces of the demineralized dentin. And the speed was faster and crystallinity was higher in PSC group than the FBG and 45S5 groups. (2) The increased mineral density of artificial dentin caries in PSC group were (185.98 ± 55.66) mg/cm3 and (213.64 ± 36.01) mg/cm3 2 and 4 weeks after filling respectively, which were significantly higher than the control group [(20.38 ± 7.55) mg/cm3, P=0.006; (36.46 ± 10.79) mg/cm3, P=0.001]. At meanwhile, PSC group was also higher than MTA group [(57.29 ± 10.09) mg/cm3; (111.02 ± 22.06) mg/cm3], and it had statistical difference (P=0.015; P=0.006). The depth of remineralized dentin in PSC group were (40.0 ± 16.9) μm and (54.5 ± 17.8) μm 2 and 4 weeks respectively, which were also statistically different from the control group (P =0.010;P=0.001). There were no statistical differences between the control group and MTA group. The above effects of FBG group were between PSC and MTA. CONCLUSION PSC has advantages in the speed, quality and depth of mineral deposition in the demineralized layer of artificial dentin caries. It would be expected to be an ideal material to promote the remineralization of dentin caries.
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Akküç S, Duruk G, Keleş A. Remineralization effect of three different agents on initial caries and erosive lesions: a micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:106. [PMID: 36797742 PMCID: PMC9936636 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the remineralization efficiency of Sensodyne Promine containing Sodium flouride (NaF), GC Tooth Mousse containing CPP-ACP, and Agarta herbal toothpaste on initial caries and erosion using micro-computed tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS Forty-five third-molar teeth for micro-CT were divided into three main groups after initial scans (T1) were completed. Artificial caries lesions were created with the demineralization cycle (group 1, n = 15) and artificial erosion lesions were created with orange juice (group 2, n = 15) and Cola (group 3, n = 15), and second scans (T2) were performed. The groups were divided into three subgroups within themselves. Sensodyne Promine toothpaste (subgroup 1a, 2a, 3a), GC Tooth Mousse topical cream (subgroup 1b, 2b, 3b), and Agarta herbal toothpaste (subgroup 1c, 2c, 3c) were applied using soft-tipped brushes for 2 min, twice per day for 15 days, and then a third scan (T3) was performed. Mineral density, surface area, and lesion volume and depth were calculated using micro-CT. Changes in the surface morphology of the teeth were examined using SEM in 13 samples representing each group, subgroup, and healthy enamel. In the analysis of the data obtained from the scans performed at three different times (T1, T2, T3), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the post-hoc Tukey test, repeated measures ANOVA with the post-hoc Bonferroni test, and paired sample t-test analyses were used. RESULTS All three agents caused a statistically significant increase in mineral density, and a decrease in surface area and lesion volume and depth (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in remineralization efficiency (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding the mineral density of the tissue that increased after remineralization (NaF > CPP-ACP > He; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The remineralization efficacy of herbal toothpaste as an alternative to NaF and CPP-ACP was found to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Akküç
- grid.411650.70000 0001 0024 1937Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gülsüm Duruk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Ali Keleş
- grid.411049.90000 0004 0574 2310Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Wang Y, Zeng Y, Feng Z, Li Z, Jiang X, Han S, Washio J, Takahashi N, Zhang L. Combined Treatment with Fluoride and Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 Efficiently Controls Caries in vitro and in vivo. Caries Res 2023; 56:524-534. [PMID: 36380626 DOI: 10.1159/000528057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining fluoride and antimicrobial agents enhances regulation of acid and exopolysaccharide production by biofilms. The combination also weakens the acidogenic and aciduric bacteria that contribute to caries, achieving stronger caries-controlling effects with lower concentrations of fluoride. In previous studies, antimicrobial peptide GH12 has been shown to inhibit lactic acid and exopolysaccharide synthesis in various cariogenic biofilm models, and reduce the proportion of acidogenic bacteria and Keyes caries scores in a rat caries model. The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of a combination of low concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) and GH12 and to determine the mechanism by which GH12/NaF combination controls caries. The GH12/NaF combination contained 8 mg/L GH12 and 250 ppm NaF. A rat caries model was built, and rat dental plaque was sampled and cultivated on bovine enamel slabs in vitro and subjected to short-term treatment (5 min, 3 times/day). The caries-controlling effects were evaluated using Keyes scoring and transverse microradiography. The results showed that the GH12/NaF combination significantly decreased the onset and development of dental caries, as well as mineral content loss and lesion depth in vitro (p < 0.05). For the caries-controlling mechanisms, 16S rRNA sequencing of in vivo dental plaque revealed that populations of commensal bacteria Rothia spp. and Streptococcus parasanguinis increased in the GH12/NaF group. In contrast, Veillonella, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus mutans decreased. Furthermore, the GH12/NaF combination significantly reduced biomass, lactic acid, and exopolysaccharides production of in vitro biofilm (p < 0.05). Overall, fluoride and GH12 efficiently arrested caries development and demineralization by regulating the microbiota and suppressing acid and exopolysaccharide production in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zening Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongxu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jumpei Washio
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Schestakow A, Bauer C, Hannig M. Ultrastructure of the Dentin Pellicle and the Impact of Erosion. Caries Res 2023; 56:488-495. [PMID: 36310018 PMCID: PMC9932831 DOI: 10.1159/000527775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the ultrastructure of the enamel pellicle and its erosion protective properties are well studied, the dentin pellicle is still neglected in dental research. Therefore, the ultrastructure and erosion protective properties of a pellicle formed on bovine dentin specimens were investigated in the present study. The dentin pellicle was formed in situ for 3, 30, 120, and 360 min at buccal or palatal oral sites of 3 subjects and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. In order to clarify the impact of an erosive challenge to the ultrastructure of the pellicle and the underlying dentin, specimens were exposed to the oral cavity and eroded in vivo with 0.1% or 1% citric acid either immediately or after 30 min of pellicle formation. Specimens that were eroded without exposure to the oral cavity served as control. In another trial, specimens with a 30-min pellicle were exposed to the oral cavity for a further 60 min after the erosive challenge to investigate the effect of saliva on the impaired pellicle and dentin. Transmission electron micrographs reveal a globular and granular structured pellicle layer, which was thicker when the pellicle was formed buccally or with longer formation times. Erosion with citric acid reduced the thickness of the pellicle and interrupted its continuity. The dentin was also affected by erosion, which was represented by a lower electron density and formation of demineralized lacunae. These were infiltrated by a granular structured material when specimens were exposed to the oral cavity. After further intraoral exposure, the infiltration was more pronounced, indicating a significant impact of saliva on the demineralized dentin. A reformation of the dentin pellicle on the other hand did not occur. In conclusion, the dentin pellicle is neither acid-resistant nor able to effectively protect dentin from erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Bauer
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Ishizuka H, Hamba H, Nakamura K, Miyayoshi Y, Kumura H, Muramatsu T. Effects of bovine milk osteopontin on in vitro enamel remineralization as a topical application prior to immersion in remineralizing solutions with/without fluoride. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:140-146. [PMID: 36450454 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of bovine milk osteopontin (OPN) on enamel remineralization as a topical application prior to immersion in remineralizing solutions with/without fluoride. Bovine enamel blocks were demineralized then were divided into the following 3 groups: OPN (2.7 and 5.4 µM) solutions and deionized water (control). Each group was divided into 2 groups (remineralizing solution with or without 1 ppm of fluoride (F)). The specimens were analyzed by micro-CT and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The percentage of remineralization was higher in remineralization solution with than without F (p<0.05). The present results suggest that bovine milk OPN inhibits remineralization in solution without F, but 5.4 µM bovine milk OPN does not inhibit remineralization of the demineralized body using solution containing F by interrupting mineral deposition on the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Ishizuka
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
| | - Keiki Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
| | - Yoshihito Miyayoshi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
| | - Haruto Kumura
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School and Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology , Tokyo Dental College
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Iorio BL, Cooley AM. DNA Extraction of Bone Through Demineralization. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2685:93-102. [PMID: 37439977 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3295-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
In the field of forensic science, the DNA extraction of bone is utilized in investigations involving mass disasters, unidentified remains, and missing persons. However, bone samples can be challenging samples due to their exposure to extreme environmental conditions over long periods of time. The use of an effective DNA extraction method to properly isolate and purify the DNA is essential for bone samples. This chapter describes the DNA extraction of bone samples through a total demineralization protocol, which aims to entirely dissolve the bone matrix in order to access the DNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Iorio
- Virginia Department of Forensic Science, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Shirato M, Nakamura K, Tenkumo T, Niwano Y, Kanno T, Sasaki K, Lingström P, Örtengren U. Inhibition of tooth demineralization caused by Streptococcus mutans biofilm via antimicrobial treatment using hydrogen peroxide photolysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:739-750. [PMID: 36484848 PMCID: PMC9889499 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An antimicrobial technique utilizing hydroxyl radicals generated by the photolysis of 3% H2O2 has been developed recently. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of H2O2 photolysis treatment on tooth demineralization caused by Streptococcus mutans biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce tooth demineralization, S. mutans biofilm was allowed to form on the maxillary first molars collected from Wistar rats via 24-h culturing. The samples were immersed in 3% H2O2 and irradiated with 365-nm LED (H2O2 photolysis treatment). Viable bacterial counts in the biofilm were evaluated immediately after treatment and after an additional 30-h culturing by colony counting. The acidogenicity of the biofilm, re-established 30 h after treatment, was assessed by measuring the pH. The effect of H2O2 photolysis treatment on tooth demineralization was assessed by measuring the depth of the radiolucent layer in micro-CT images. RESULTS H2O2 photolysis significantly reduced viable bacterial counts in the biofilm to 3.7 log colony forming units (CFU)/sample, while the untreated group had 7.9 log CFU/sample. The pH of the biofilm re-established after treatment (6.6) was higher than that of the untreated group (5.3). In line with the pH measurement, the treatment group had a significantly lower depth of radiolucent layer in dentin than the untreated group. CONCLUSIONS H2O2 photolysis treatment was effective not only in killing the biofilm-forming S. mutans but also in lowering the acidogenicity of the biofilm. Thus, this technique could inhibit tooth demineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE H2O2 photolysis can be applicable as a new dental caries treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Shirato
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden ,Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Taichi Tenkumo
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yoshimi Niwano
- Faculty of Nursing, Shumei University, 1-1 Daigaku-Cho, Yachiyo, 276-0003 Japan
| | - Taro Kanno
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan ,Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Peter Lingström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Örtengren
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Panchanadikar NT, Sivasubramanian A, Muthu MS, Swaminathan K, Vignesh KC, Nagalakshmi S, Seetharaman S. Comparison of viscosities of human breast milk versus infant milk formulae with and without addition of sweetening agents. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2022; 40:437-444. [PMID: 36861562 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_382_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Early childhood caries is a major health problem affecting children worldwide. Although incorrect feeding practices hold a prime position in the etiology, there are gaps in the literature pertaining to the physical properties of milk. AIM To assess the viscosity of human breast milk (HBM) versus infant milk formulae, with and without the addition of sweetening agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS All commercially available infant milk formulae (60 samples) and breast milk from 30 donor mothers were assessed for viscosity using Brookfield DV2T viscometer. The study period was from April 2019 to August 2019. Viscosity of infant milk formulae sweetened with sugar, honey, and brown sugar was further investigated and compared with that of HBM. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Inter-group and intra-group mean viscosity was compared using independent t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Viscosity of HBM ranged from 18.36 centipoise (cP) to 91.30 cP, the mean viscosity being 45.7 cP. Viscosity values varied for each formula group, the least being as low as 5.1 cP and the highest being 89.3 cP. The mean viscosities of each group were in the range of 33 to 49 cP. CONCLUSIONS HBM was found to have a tendency toward higher viscosity than most of the infant milk formulae. Also, varied viscosity values were obtained when commonly used sweetening agents were added to infant milk formulae. Greater viscosity of HBM might increase its adherence to enamel surface leading to prolonged demineralization and potentially altering the caries risk, needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Tushar Panchanadikar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abirami Sivasubramanian
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha Swaminathan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K C Vignesh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Nagalakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy, Dental Faculty, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Ineke D C Jansen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chindane AA, Patil AT, Sandhyarani B. Effect of CPP-ACPF, resin infiltration, and colloidal silica infiltration on surface microhardness of artificial white spot lesions in primary teeth: An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:52. [PMID: 36159053 PMCID: PMC9490250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remineralizing agents such as fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are popular treatment choices for incipient enamel lesions. Recently introduced resin infiltration enhances the esthetics of teeth affected by these enamel lesions. Furthermore, few studies reported the utilization of colloidal silica infiltration for the white spot lesions. However, the potency of these materials for treatment in primary teeth necessitates investigation.Thus, this study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of CPP-ACP fluoride (CPP-ACPF), resin infiltration, and colloidal silica infiltration on surface microhardness in artificial white spot lesions in primary incisors using the Vickers microhardness testing machine. Materials and Methods In this in vitro study, on the labial surface of 45 primary incisors, artificial white spot lesions were created by immersing them in a demineralizing solution. According to the evaluation method, random distribution of specimens into three groups: Group 1: CPP-ACPF, Group 2: resin infiltration, and Group 3: colloidal silica infiltration. Specimens after treatment were stored in artificial saliva, followed by microhardness evaluation using Vickers microhardness. Microhardness readings at baseline, post demineralization, and after treating them with different materials were taken. The level of significance was 0.01. Results Enamel specimens treated with resin infiltration showed a high microhardness mean value compared to CPP-ACPF and colloidal silica infiltration. Conclusion Resin infiltration is a promising and effective treatment option for incipient enamel lesions followed by CPP-ACPF compared to colloidal silica infiltration in primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranta Avinash Chindane
- Department of Pediatric Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Aranta Avinash Chindane, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Dental College and Hospital, Sangli - 416 416, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Anil T. Patil
- Department of Pediatric Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - B. Sandhyarani
- Department of Pediatric Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
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Kengadaran S, Anusha D, Baskar K, Muthukrishnan K, Pooraninagalakshmi J, Prabakar J. Comparative effectiveness of herbal and conventional toothpaste on prevention of dental caries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Dent Res 2022; 33:332-337. [PMID: 36656198 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_404_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a global oral health problem caused due to localized demineralization of the enamel. Chemical plaque control is used as an adjuvant to mechanical plaque control in removing biofilm, thereby preventing dental caries. In recent times, there has been a renewed interest in nature-based products. This systematic review aimed to analyse the existing literature to compare the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on prevention of dental caries. A search was done in the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2020 for the related topic. A hand search was done from the references of primary studies and other clinical trial registry sites. Randomized control trials, comparative clinical trials, and in vitro studies in which the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on prevention of dental caries were included after review by the reviewers. The systematic search revealed a total of thirty-two publications from which ten publications were included. Five studies were clinical studies and five were in vitro studies. All the studies used microbiological analysis for the determination of cariogenic microorganisms in plaque and saliva, whereas one study used pH of plaque and saliva. Among the included studies, all studies had a high risk of bias with level 2 evidence. With the evidence available, it can be concluded that herbal dentifrices and fluoride dentifrices have similar antimicrobial activity against cariogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivashankar Kengadaran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India
| | - Divvi Anusha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India
| | - Kavya Baskar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India
| | - Kavitha Muthukrishnan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India
| | - J Pooraninagalakshmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayashri Prabakar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
In this study, we compared the elemental and isotopic composition of modern and ancient bone samples pre-treated using different demineralization agents with acidic and neutral pH. The purpose of our research was to examine if demineralization using a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) significantly alters the δ 15N and δ 13C values of bone collagen. Evidence from the elemental and amino acid composition of the samples were incorporated alongside isotopic compositions to provide a holistic view of the effect of demineralization agents on the composition of bone collagen. The stable isotope compositions of collagen extracts were also compared against equivalent whole bone samples to assess whether whole bone has a stable isotope composition that is comparable to collagen demineralized with a neutral agent. Our results demonstrate that bone demineralization using either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or HCl yields collagen extracts with stable isotope compositions that are not significantly different, indicating that mineral acid does not alter δ 15N and δ 13C values of bone collagen. The results comparing whole bone and extracted collagen stable isotope compositions indicate that whole bone cannot be used as an effective replacement for bone collagen due to the significantly different stable isotope compositions between these sample materials. In ecological and archaeological studies performing stable isotope analysis on bone, sample pre-treatment to isolate collagen is a necessity to obtain the most reliable and reproducible isotopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Wilson
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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Weyland MI, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Bartzela T. Management of white spot lesions induced during orthodontic treatment with multibracket appliance: a national-based survey. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4871-4883. [PMID: 35338421 PMCID: PMC8956138 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to survey current strategies against enamel demineralization during multibracket therapy (MBT) and guide a prevention concept based on existing scientific evidence. Materials and methods The survey comprised questions on the prevention and management of white spot lesions (WSL). The questionnaire was sent via email to orthodontists working in practices and universities throughout Germany. The analysis involved descriptive statistics using the chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results A prevention protocol was used before MBT by 80.6% of the participants. Less than a quarter of the participants regularly applied topical fluoride (gel or varnish) during MBT. According to the respondents’ assessment, the prevalence of WSL during MBT is 11.6%, mainly observed in 12- to 15-year-old male patients. Orthodontists graduating after 2000 tended to recommend and apply fluoride-containing materials more often than their senior colleagues (p = 0.039). Participants from private practices applied fluoride varnish or gel more frequently than those from university clinics (p = 0.013). Fluoridation was the most common (70.7%) treatment for WSL after MBT, followed by resin infiltration (21.2%). The majority (80.9%) of the participants favor a guideline for preventing WSL. Conclusions WSL prevention during MBT is challenging. Males in puberty are predominantly affected. Younger orthodontists are more concerned about the prevention of WSL during MBT. Clinical relevance. The non-negligible prevalence of individuals with WSL emphasizes the need for dental education and health care reform. This would help to implement standardized procedures and establish innovative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Isabelle Weyland
- Dept. of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Center for Oral Health Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann
- Dept. of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Center for Oral Health Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodosia Bartzela
- Dept. of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Center for Oral Health Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
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Ferreira AC, de Lima Oliveira RF, Amorim AA, Geng-Vivanco R, de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza F. Remineralization of caries-affected dentin and color stability of teeth restored after treatment with silver diamine fluoride and bioactive glass-ceramic. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4805-4816. [PMID: 35301597 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of caries-affected dentin and color stability of teeth restored after treatments with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) associated to potassium iodide (KI) and Biosilicate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Different samples from bovine teeth were obtained. For color readings, 80 cavities (6 mm × 6 mm × 2 mm) were prepared, and for microhardness, teeth were flattened into dentine to obtain 40 samples. All samples were submitted to cariogenic challenge and separated in 4 groups, according to the treatment used: 12% SDF + KI; 38% SDF; Biosilicate and control (no treatment). Cavities were restored with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC, Vitremer, 3 M ESPE) or composite resin (CR, Z350, 3 M ESPE). After restoration, the samples were submitted to thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) for 1,200,000 cycles. Color readings (EasyShade, Vita) were performed after restorations, after TMC, and 30 days after TMC. Knoop microhardness was evaluated on the planned samples before and after cariogenic challenge, after treatments, and after 30 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluated the dentine surface after treatments. Data were analyzed (ANOVA, Bonferroni, p < .05). RESULTS The results showed a higher color alteration for RMGIC than CR. The time of analysis was significant (p < .05) for the 12% SDF + KI and control group. There was no difference (p < .05) in microhardness between groups. However, there was evidence of dentin remineralization after treatments. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the samples treated with Biosilicate resulted in a color alteration similar to control. The treatments presented dentin remineralizing potential for microhardness, below the demineralization level, caused by the cariogenic challenge. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Considering the remineralizing potential presented by Biosilicate, this agent is a promising alternative that overcomes the SDF adverse effects such as tooth staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cavalcanti Ferreira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Universidade de São Paulo/Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Franco de Lima Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Universidade de São Paulo/Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Universidade de São Paulo/Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Rocio Geng-Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Universidade de São Paulo/Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Universidade de São Paulo/Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
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Mouillé M, Rio M, Breton S, Piketty ML, Afenjar A, Amiel J, Capri Y, Goldenberg A, Francannet C, Michot C, Mignot C, Perrin L, Quelin C, Van Gils J, Barcia G, Pingault V, Maruani G, Koumakis E, Cormier-Daire V. SATB2-associated syndrome: characterization of skeletal features and of bone fragility in a prospective cohort of 19 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:100. [PMID: 35241104 PMCID: PMC8895909 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with pathogenic variants in SATB2 display intellectual disability, speech and behavioral disorders, dental abnormalities and often features of Pierre Robin sequence. SATB2 encodes a transcription factor thought to play a role in bone remodeling. The primary aim of our study was to systematically review the skeletal manifestations of SATB2-associated syndrome. For this purpose, we performed a non-interventional, multicenter cohort study, from 2017 to 2018. We included 19 patients, 9 females and 10 males ranging in age from 2 to 19 years-old. The following data were collected prospectively for each patient: clinical data, bone markers and calcium and phosphate metabolism parameters, skeletal X-rays and bone mineral density. Results Digitiform impressions were present in 8/14 patients (57%). Vertebral compression fractures affected 6/17 patients (35%). Skeletal demineralization (16/17, 94%) and cortical thinning of vertebrae (15/17) were the most frequent radiological features at the spine. Long bones were generally demineralized (18/19). The distal phalanges were short, thick and abnormally shaped. C-telopeptide (CTX) and Alkaline phosphatase levels were in the upper normal values and osteocalcin and serum procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) were both increased. Vitamin D insufficiency was frequent (66.7%). Conclusion We conclude that SATB2 pathogenic variants are responsible for skeletal demineralization and osteoporosis. We found increased levels of bone formation markers, supporting the key role of SATB2 in osteoblast differentiation. These results support the need for bone evaluation in children and adult patients with SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02229-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mouillé
- Clinical Genetics, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, 149 rue de Sevres, Paris, 75015, France.,Department of Neonatal Medicine, Cochin-Port Royal Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - M Rio
- Clinical Genetics, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, 149 rue de Sevres, Paris, 75015, France
| | - S Breton
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - M L Piketty
- Functional Exploration Laboratory, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - A Afenjar
- Sorbonne University, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities, Department of Genetics and Medical Embryology, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - J Amiel
- Clinical Genetics, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, 149 rue de Sevres, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Y Capri
- Clinical Genetics Functional Unit, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - C Francannet
- Clinical Genetics, Clermont-Ferrand CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Michot
- Clinical Genetics, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, 149 rue de Sevres, Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Cité University, Reference Center for Constitutional Bone Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - C Mignot
- Sorbonne University, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities, Department of Genetics and Medical Embryology, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,Clinical Genetics, La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - L Perrin
- Clinical Genetics Functional Unit, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - C Quelin
- Clinical Genetics, Hospital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - J Van Gils
- Clinical Genetics, Hospital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - G Barcia
- Molecular Genetics, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - V Pingault
- Molecular Genetics, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - G Maruani
- Department of Physiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades and Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - E Koumakis
- Paris Cité University, Reference Center for Constitutional Bone Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - V Cormier-Daire
- Clinical Genetics, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, 149 rue de Sevres, Paris, 75015, France. .,Paris Cité University, Reference Center for Constitutional Bone Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
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Hoppe J, Lehmann T, Hennig CL, Schulze-Späte U, Jacobs C. Shear bond strength after using sealant before bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Clin Oral Investig 2022. [PMID: 34981251 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decalcification during orthodontic treatment is significantly increased. To prevent this negative impact, new treatments with sealants before bonding brackets are commonly been used. This systematic review discusses current knowledge on shear bond strength when using sealant before bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to identify studies that address shear bond strength after using a sealant before bonding brackets. The search was carried out using common electronic databases in addition to individual searches. Both screening and study eligibility analysis were performed according to PRISMA and Cochrane Guidelines for systematic reviews. Several terms describing shear bond strength after using a sealant before bonding brackets were searched. Particular attention was paid to bond failure and bracket loss. For the statistical outcome, all results were shown in a forest plot based on standardized mean differences (SMD) with a random-effects model to respect heterogeneity of these studies. To assess the heterogeneity of the different trials, I2-value and the Q-Test were performed. RESULTS The initial search identified 416 studies. After a thorough selection process, a total of 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. All 15 articles reported results of in vitro studies. Papers were divided into four subgroups according to their used product: ProSeal, Transbond bonding, the combination of Transbond bonding and ProSeal and Clearfil Protect Bond. The results of this review demonstrate a high heterogeneity of the studies. The SMD of the examined 15 articles show nearly no difference between the control and the intervention groups in shear bond strength (p < 0.0001; OR - 0.12; Cl - 0.47-0.23). Forest plots for comparison of the subgroups depict no difference in shear bond strength as well. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis concludes that there is no additive benefit for shear bond strength when using sealant before bonding. However, additional randomized controlled studies should be performed to analyze impact of sealants on bonding strength and bracket loss in more detail. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using sealants before orthodontic bonding does not reduce shear bond strength.
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Abstract
Aim and objective The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of chitosan in the remineralization of enamel and dentin. Materials and methods An electronic search was done for articles published from January 2009 to January 2020. A manual search was done from bibliographies of selected articles for relevant articles that were unexplored. Only in vitro studies conducted on the application of chitosan for remineralization of enamel and dentin were included in the study. Results Of the 162 articles that were searched, only 15 in vitro studies were selected for the study. These studies met the inclusion criteria and were published from January 2009 to January 2020. Conclusion The review provides insight into the mechanism of remineralization of enamel and dentin. The properties of chitosan make it an ideal biomaterial that can be employed in the formulation of a novel remineralizing gel. However, more in vivo studies, clinical trials, and research are essential to transform chitosan-based remineralizing gels from research to clinical use. Clinical significance This review article opens a new window of opportunities for remineralizing enamel and dentin which have been long considered a challenging job. How to cite this article Nimbeni SB, Nimbeni BS, Divakar DD. Role of Chitosan in Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):562–568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti B Nimbeni
- Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Guyana, South America
| | - Basavaraj S Nimbeni
- Department of Clinical Research, Texila American University, Guyana, South America
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU), Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
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Wierichs RJ, Mester J, Wolf TG, Meyer-Lueckel H, Esteves-Oliveira M. Effects of the association of high fluoride- and calcium-containing caries-preventive agents with regular or high fluoride toothpaste on enamel: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3167-3178. [PMID: 34816310 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the caries-preventive effect of various high fluoride- and calcium-containing caries-preventive agents (> 22.000 ppm F- [ppm]) in adjunct to use of regular (1450 ppm) or high (5000 ppm) fluoride toothpaste on sound as well as demineralized enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel specimens (n = 276; 5 mm × 3.5 mm × 3 mm) having one sound surface [ST] and one artificial caries lesion [DT] were randomly allocated to 12 groups. Interventions before pH-cycling were no intervention ([SC1/SC5]), application of varnishes/solutions containing NaF (22,600 ppm; Duraphat [NaF1/NaF5]); NaF + tricalcium phosphate (22,600 ppm; Clinpro White Varnish [TCP1/TCP5]); NaF + CPP-ACP (22,600 ppm; MI Varnish [CPP1/CPP5]); silver diammine fluoride (35,400 ppm; Cariestop 30%[SDF1/SDF5]); and NaF + calcium fluoride (45,200 ppm; Biophat[CaF1/CaF5]). During pH-cycling (28 days, 6 × 120 min demineralization/day) half of the specimens in each group were brushed (10 s; 2 × /day) with either 1,450 (NaF; named, e.g., TCP1) or 5,000 ppm (NaF; e.g., TCP5) dentifrice slurry. Differences in integrated mineral loss (∆∆Z) and lesion depth (∆LD) were calculated between values after initial demineralization and after pH-cycling using transversal microradiography. RESULTS After pH-cycling, SC1/SC5 showed significantly increased ∆ZDT/LDDT values, indicating further demineralization (p < 0.05; paired t-test). Decreased ∆ZDT values, indicating non-significant remineralization, could only be observed in CaF1/CaF5 (p > 0.05; paired t-test). Additional use of all varnishes/solutions significantly decreased ∆∆ZDT/∆∆ZST and ∆LDDT/∆LDST compared to SC1/SC5 (p < 0.05;ANCOVA). Between 1450 and 5000 ppm dentifrices, a significant difference in ∆∆ZDT/∆∆ZST and ∆LDDT/∆LDST could only be observed for SC1/SC5 (p < 0.05; ANCOVA). CONCLUSION Under the conditions chosen, all fluoride varnishes/solutions significantly reduced demineralization. Furthermore, a significant dose-response characteristic for fluoride varnishes could be revealed. However, no additional benefit could be observed, when varnishes were combined with high fluoride instead of regular fluoride dentifrices. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For children and adolescents with high caries risks varnishes containing more than 22,600 ppm should be further investigated, as they offered higher caries-preventive effects in vitro. Furthermore, there seems to be no difference in the demineralization-inhibitory capacity of fluoride varnishes when used in combination with either standard or highly fluoridated dentifrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Judith Mester
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Punathil S, Alqhtani MR, Sathydevi P, Almoteb MM, Archana SP, Arumugasamy N. In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of Three Different Remineralizing Agents on Artificial Enamel Lesions in Primary Teeth: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22:1308-1313. [PMID: 35343459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of three various remineralizing agents on artificial enamel lesions in deciduous teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty primary teeth that were implicated for extraction were taken from patients of 4 to 14 years of age. Every specimen was subjected to air drying followed by the creation of 3 × 3 mm window positioned on the central surface of the coronal portion of the tooth to restrict the area of investigation. A digital pH meter was utilized to formulate a demineralizing solution by checking the pH before and following formulation of the solution. A total of 80 specimens (20 in every group) were allocated to three of the following experimental groups and one control group: group I: control, group II: tricalcium phosphate, group III: casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphatefluoride (CPP-ACPF), and group IV: calcium sucrose phosphate (CaSP). Specimens in every group were subjected to treatment with the assigned remineralizing substance once in 24 hours for 14 days. Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) evaluation of the samples was performed to assess the baseline and posttreatment remineralization as well as demineralization. RESULTS CPP-ACPF group (110.73 ± 0.11) displayed the greatest mean remineralization depth, in pursuit by the calcium orthophosphate complex (CaSP) group (122.19 ± 0.28), tricalcium phosphate group (126.87 ± 0.15) as well as the control group (158.46 ± 0.07). These differences amid the investigational groups for remineralization were significant. The greatest depth µ area of remineralization was seen in the CPP-ACPF group (50.29 ± 0.06) in pursuit by the CaSP group (36.70 ± 0.17) as well as the tricalcium phosphate group (33.29 ± 0.06). This difference amid the remineralizing agents was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Amid the confines of the limitations of the current research, it may be concluded that the three remineralizing agents studied, exhibited a remineralization capability on the artificially induced lesions in enamel. CPP-ACPF exhibited the greatest remineralization capability in comparison with the CaSP and tricalcium phosphate groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental caries is an unalterable course that leads to everlasting loss of dental hard tissues with eventual formation of a cavity. Off late, numerous techniques have centered on applying remineralizing substances to early lesions due to dental caries, aiming at arresting demineralization while encouraging remineralization. Such remineralizing substances form an atmosphere that is superconcentrated with calcium and phosphate, thereby forcing these ions to diffuse into the unoccupied areas, thereby avoiding further loss of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Punathil
- Sameer Punathil, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India, Phone: +91 9526227454, e-mail:
| | - Mohamad R Alqhtani
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Preethi Sathydevi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Moaz M Almoteb
- Department of Dental Services, King Khalid Hospital and Prince Sultan Centre for Health Care, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Preethi Archana
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Niranjana Arumugasamy
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dhananjaya KM, Chakraborty M, Vadavadagi SV, Sinha G, Verma T, Deb S. A Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Fluoride-releasing Dental Restorative Materials to Prevent Enamel Demineralization: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22:1292-1296. [PMID: 35343456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Aim of the present research was to investigate the effectiveness of various fluoride-releasing dental restorative agents in preventing demineralization of enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty human mandibular permanent molar teeth constituted the study group. All samples were subjected to storage in thymol, after which they were taken out to prepare alike proximal box in each. Inductions of artificial enamel surface lesions were done by placing the teeth in demineralizing solution for 96 hours. Subsequently, all 80 molars were randomly assigned to any of the four groups (i.e., 20 in every individual group) according to the restoration as group A: giomer (composite resin containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer fillers), group B: compomer (polyacid-modified composite resin), group C: resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC), group D: fluoride-releasing composite. After this, the pH cycling was performed, and the samples were subjected to examination beneath scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS Higher mean areas of remineralization were noted when RMGIC (96.34 ± 0.06) was used followed by the compomer (109.52 ± 0.17), giomer (118.39 ± 0.82), and the fluoride-releasing composite group (129.27 ± 0.31) in that order. A statistically significant difference was seen amid the investigational groups that utilized different restorative agents (p <0.001). A pairwise evaluation that was performed revealed that except for the giomer group and the compomer group, a statistically significant difference (p <0.001) was found among the experimental groups. CONCLUSION This research infers that the RMGIC-treated samples exhibited significantly superior performance in preventing enamel demineralization in comparison to compomer, giomer as well as fluoride-releasing composites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE One among the highly frequently employed anticariogenic materials is fluorides. Owing to this characteristic, they are integrated into numerous restorative substances. Nevertheless, the quantity and speed of fluoride release differ in different agents, which translates to the efficacy of the restorative agent in avoiding demineralization about the restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran M Dhananjaya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mrinmoy Chakraborty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Suneel V Vadavadagi
- Suneel V Vadavadagi, Department of Prosthodontics, SJM Dental College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India, Phone: +91 9845804642, e-mail:
| | - Garima Sinha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tanya Verma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Saikat Deb
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown Bridge and Implantology, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
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Kakkar M, Kapoor V, Singla SK, Jethi RK. Fluoride and Biological Mineralization II: Mechanism of Action of Fluoride to Influence the Collagen-Induced In Vitro Mineralization and Demineralization Reactions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4145-4153. [PMID: 33660200 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride had been shown to inhibit collagen-induced in vitro mineralization without affecting demineralization at its lower concentrations (> 1X10-5 and < 1X10-4 M) and stimulate mineralization in addition to inhibiting demineralization at its concentration > 1X10-4 M. The present studies were designed to investigate the mechanism by which fluoride acts to produce these concentration-dependent effects. The inhibition of mineralization occurring at the lower concentrations of fluoride was found to be due to the inactivation of the specific calcium binding sites of collagen involved in initiating the process of mineralization. Stimulation of mineralization obtained at the higher concentrations of fluoride was found to be due to the activation of the specific phosphate-binding sites of the collagen and the formation of a relatively less soluble and highly stable fluorapatite instead of hydroxyapatite. At its higher concentrations, fluoride was also found to inhibit demineralization by binding to the mineral phase associated with collagen. A model has been presented to explain the mechanisms whereby fluoride may act to produce the above observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, NRI Medical College and General Hospital, Chinakakani, Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, 522503, India.
| | - Vivek Kapoor
- Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Raj Kumar Jethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Ekstrand KR, Cordeschi T, Abreu-Placeres N. ICCMS™ root caries lesions stages and their underlying depth towards the pulp: an in vitro study with histologic evaluation. Clin Oral Investig 2021. [PMID: 34671845 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the ICCMS™ (International Caries Classification and Managing System) features of root caries lesions and the underlying depth of the lesion towards the pulp. In order to control for bias, the study followed the tailored document for risk of bias assessment (RoB-tool) recently published. A pilot study showed that the outline of the pulp was much clearer on horizontal compared to vertical sections through the lesions (p = 0.03) and that the histological stereomicroscopical (SM) assessed lesion depth towards the pulp was not influenced by the cutting direction (p = 0.155). MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of extracted permanent molar teeth (n = 100) were classified independently by two of the authors according to ICCMS™ as no sign of root caries lesion 0 = sound; 1 = initial lesion (non-cavitated); 2 = moderate lesion (cavity depth ≤ 2 mm) and 3 = extensive lesion (cavity depth > 2 mm). After horizontal sectioning (HS) through the lesion, the depth of the underlying lesion was SM assessed independently by two of the authors as 0 = no lesion; 1 = lesion in outer 1/3; 2 = middle 1/3; and 3 = inner 1/3 of the dentine towards the pulp. RESULTS Intra- and inter-reproducibility (weighted kappa values ≥ 0.83); the accuracy (Spearman's rho-values) = 0.94 and 0.95; and specificity/sensitivities/AUC values (three different thresholds) were ≥ 0.91, ≥ 0.93, and ≥ 0.96, respectively. CONCLUSION Under the umbrella of the RoB-tool, the validity in terms of the reproducibility and accuracy of the ICCMS™ root caries scoring system was high. CLINICAL RELEVANCE By means of the ICCMS™ root caries scoring system, the underlying lesion depth can be estimated, which must be considered when managing the lesion.
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Wilkoński W, Jamróz-Wilkońska L, Zapotoczny S, Opiła J, Grandino L. Real-time co-site optical microscopy study on the morphological changes of the dentine's surface after citric acid and sodium hypochlorite: a single-tooth model. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:454. [PMID: 34535105 PMCID: PMC8449479 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To this day, the effects of sodium hypochlorite and chelating agents on the smear layer and on the dentine's surface, remain not fully examined. The study is aimed to analyze the dentine's surface treated with 40% citric acid and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite according to two irrigation protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study employed a computer-controlled Nikon Eclipse LV100 optical microscope. Ten roots split longitudinally with canals prepared mechanically using the MTwo system to a size of 40/04 were observed. The root halves were divided into two study groups, one half in each of the groups. According to two irrigation protocols, the dentine's surface was irrigated with 40% citric acid and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, separated with water. Dentine surface was observed in a fixed place and photographed in 500 × magnification after each irrigation stage. The obtained images were then analyzed using computer software (NIS-Elements AR, GIMP-2.6, ImageJ 1.45s). RESULTS Various speed of removal of the smear layer and varied morphological changes of the dentine's surface were observed in both examined groups. Double irrigation of the dentine with citric acid for 30 s resulted in complete removal of the smear layer, and double irrigation for 60 s resulted in increased mean diameter of the dentine tubules (degradation of the dentine's surface). CONCLUSIONS Double alternating irrigation with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite for 30 s yielded satisfactory results, while double irrigation for 60 s resulted in increased mean diameter of the dentine tubules. A real time assessment of the dentine's surface changes after both tested solutions can improve understanding of the phenomena that occur during the irrigation and as a result it might help to improve clinical outcomes in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wilkoński
- Research Department of the Polish Endodontic Association, Kielce, Poland.
| | | | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Opiła
- Chair of Applied IT of the Faculty of Management of AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
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de Oliveira PRA, Schubach da Costa Barreto L, Tostes MA. Effectiveness of CPP-ACP and Fluoride Products in Tooth Remineralization. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:635-642. [PMID: 34392591 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of the casein phosphopeptide-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in the in situ remineralization of enamel exposed to two different degrees of preformed enamel lesions. METHODS One hundred and sixty 3x3x2 mm human enamel slabs were demineralized and divided into two subgroups according to baseline surface hardness (SH=B1≤150 and B2 >150). During each of four 10-day experimental periods, 10 participants wore intraoral removable acrylic palatal expanders with four human enamel slabs with preformed lesions (B1 and B2): CO1 and CO2 - Control: silica dentifrice without fluoride; MP1 and MP2: MI Paste; MPP1 and MPP2: MI Paste Plus; and FD1 and FD2: Fluoride dentifrice. The Knoop hardness test (50/15s Micromet 2001, Buehler, IL, USA) was performed after demineralization (B1 and B2) and after treatment (T1 and T2). RESULTS SH was higher in all treatment groups when compared with the controls, except for CO2 (Mann Whitney Wilcoxon Test; p <0.05). %SH was similar between MPP2 and FD2 and between MPP2 and MP2; however, FD2 and MPP2 products were more effective in microhardness recovery. In B1, all treatment groups were similar. CONCLUSION MPP and FD are more effective in preventing demineralization in enamel subsurface lesions.
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