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Yoshikawa K, Kogure F, Tsukada K, Toyama T, Sakuragawa A, Nagashima H. Determination of phosphorus in commercially available milk using ion chromatography with perchloric acid deproteinization. ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00552-4. [PMID: 38573452 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Suppressed ion chromatography with perchloric acid deproteinization was developed for the determination of phosphorus in commercially available milk. Although the perchloric acid deproteinization method is widely used in the medical field, it sees limited application in the food industry. Herein, the concentration of perchloric acid and hydrolysis conditions were examined, specifically regarding perchloric acid deproteinization, which was used as a deproteinization method in this study. The calibration curve constructed from the peak area of orthophosphoric acid (monohydrogen phosphate ion: HPO42-) was linear, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The relative standard deviation of the peak area of 50 mg/L of HPO42- from six replicates was 0.35%. The detection and quantitative limits of HPO42-, calculated from its signal-to-noise ratio were 0.033 mg/L and 0.100 mg/L, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of phosphorus in commercially available milk. Perchloric acid deproteinization has proved to be useful in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yoshikawa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan.
| | - Futa Kogure
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsukada
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyama
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Akio Sakuragawa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
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Geng Vivanco R, Sousa ABS, Oliveira VDDC, Sinhoreti MAC, Pires-de-Souza FDCP. Effect of the use of bromelain associated with bioactive glass-ceramic on dentin/adhesive interface. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:106. [PMID: 38244108 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of bromelain associated with Biosilicate on the bond strength (BS) of a universal adhesive system to sound (SD) and caries-affected dentin (CAD), and on the proteolytic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cavities were prepared in 360 molars, half submitted to cariogenic challenge. Teeth were separated into groups (n=20): Control-No treatment; CHX-0.12% chlorhexidine; NaOCl-5% sodium hypochlorite; Br5%-5% bromelain; Br10%-10% bromelain; Bio-10% Biosilicate; NaOClBio-NaOCl+Bio; Br5%Bio-Br5%+Bio; Br10%Bio-Br10%+Bio. Following treatments, the adhesive system was applied, and cavities were restored. Samples were sectioned into sticks and stored at 37 °C for 24 h, 6 months, and 1 year. Microtensile BS (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni's test, α=0.05), fracture patterns (SEM), and adhesive interfaces (TEM) were evaluated. Bacterial collagenase assay and in situ zymography were performed. RESULTS In CAD, Br10% presented higher BS (p=0.0208) than Br5%Bio. Br5% presented higher BS (p=0.0033) after 6 months than after 24 h; and association of treatments, higher BS (p<0.05) after aging than after 24 h. Mixed fractures were the most prevalent. Association of treatments promoted a more uniform hybrid layer with embedded Bio particles. Experimental groups presented lower (p<0.0001) relative fluorescence units than Control. Bromelain, associated or not with Bio, showed collagenolytic degradation. CONCLUSIONS Bromelain associated with Biosilicate did not affect the BS to SD. In CAD, Br5%Bio decreased immediate BS but had no long-term influence. This association decreased the proteolytic activity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bromelain and Biosilicate may enhance the longevity of adhesive restorations by inhibiting endogenous proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Geng Vivanco
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Polat S, Çinar Ç. The effect of the use of the deproteinization agent hypochlorous acid and two different pit and fissure sealant self-adhesive flowable composites upon its bonding with the enamel. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 48:144-151. [PMID: 38239167 DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of the deproteinization agents hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite upon the bonding of the two different pit and fissure sealant, self-adhesive flowable composites with the enamel. Thirty-six third molars were randomly divided into six different groups. The groups were formed as follows: Group 1: 37% phosphoric acid + VertiseTM Flow; Group 2: 200 ppm hypochlorous acid + 37% phosphoric acid VertiseTM Flow; Group 3: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite + 37% phosphoric acid + VertiseTM Flow; Group 4: 37% phosphoric acid + Constic; Group 5: 200 ppm hypochlorous acid + 37% phosphoric acid + Constic; Group 6: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite + 37% phosphoric acid + Constic. In each group, samples were obtained that were rectangular prisms in shape (n = 12). Groups to which a deproteinization agent was applied (Groups 2, 3 and 5, 6) showed statistically higher microtensile bonding strength than Group 1, Group 4. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of microtensile bonding strength values between the Groups 3 and the Group 6. The study found that the groups to which deproteinization agents were applied had statistically higher microtensile bonding strength values compared with those groups to which acid and fissure sealants were applied. In this study, it was concluded that the use of fissure-sealing self-adhesive flowable composites after acid application to permanent tooth enamel provides an acceptable bond strength given the limitations of in vitro studies. In line with the results obtained, it was observed that in addition to the removal of the inorganic structure with the application of acid, the removal of the organic structure with the use of deproteinization agent increased the bond strength to the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Polat
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University Ankara, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Çinar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University Ankara, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
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Vakkachan AP, Gopakumar ST, Janardhanan RK, Pootholathil S, Surendran S, Nair AV, Raveendran RK, Suresh G, Subramanian S, Pananghat V. Degradation of marine crustacean shell wastes through single-stage co-fermentation using proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30355-5. [PMID: 37851246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Management of crustacean shell waste (SW) through an eco-friendly technique is an environmental obligation to control pollution. The present study showed a novel approach through the simultaneous application of proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria to effectively degrade unprocessed crustacean SW. For this, the bacteria with concurrent chitinolytic and proteolytic activity (Bacillus subtilis, Priestia megaterium, or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) were applied either alone or in combination with one proteolytic strain (Paenibacillus alvei) in the unprocessed lobster, crab, and shrimp SW. The method degraded the shells with high deproteinization (> 90%) and demineralization efficiency (> 90%). The degradation was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. The highest weight loss achieved with shrimp, crab, and lobster shells was 93.67%, 82.60%, and 83.33%, respectively. B. amyloliquefaciens + P. alvei combination produced the highest weight loss in crab and lobster SW, whereas all combinations produced statistically similar weight loss in shrimp SW. There was a concurrent production of N-acetyl glucosamine (up to 532.89, 627.87, and 498.95 mg/g of shrimp, lobster, and crab shell, respectively, with P. megaterium + P. alvei and B. amyloliquefaciens + P. alvei in all SW) and amino acids (4553.8, 648.89, 957.27 μg/g of shrimp, lobster, and crab shells, respectively with B. subtilis + P. alvei in shrimp and B. amyloliquefaciens + P. alvei in crab and lobster). Therefore, it is concluded that, for the first time, efficient degradation of crustacean shell waste was observed using chitinolytic and proteolytic bacterial fermentation with the obtention of byproducts, providing a basis for further application in SW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amala Panaparambil Vakkachan
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
- Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Sumithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India.
| | - Reshma Kalarical Janardhanan
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Sayooj Pootholathil
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Sneha Surendran
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Anusree Velappan Nair
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | | | - Gayathri Suresh
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Shinoj Subramanian
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Ernakulam), ICAR-CMFRI, Kochi, Kerala, 682505, India
| | - Vijayagopal Pananghat
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition, and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
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Quevedo BV, Komatsu D, de Lourdes Rezende M, de Rezende Duek EA. Synthesis of epoxidized natural rubber grafted with hyaluronic acid for the development of biomaterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125359. [PMID: 37321441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural Rubber (NR), extracted from Hevea brasiliensis rubber trees, is a biocompatible biopolymer with properties that support in the tissue repair process. However, its biomedical applications are limited due to the presence of allergenic proteins, hydrophobicity, and unsaturated bonds. To overcome these limitations and contribute to the development of new biomaterials, this study aims to deproteinize, epoxidize, and subject NR to copolymerization by grafting with hyaluronic acid (HA), which is widely recognized for its bioactive properties in the medical field. The deproteinization, epoxidation, and graft copolymerization through the esterification reaction were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy analysis. Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry demonstrated that the grafted sample exhibited a lower degradation rate and a higher glass transition temperature, indicating strong intermolecular interactions. Moreover, contact angle measurement revealed that the grafted NR exhibited a high hydrophilic character. The results obtained suggest the formation of a novel material with great potential for application in biomaterials involved in tissue repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna V Quevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Sciences (PPGCM), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, SP 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba, SP 18030-070, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Komatsu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba, SP 18030-070, Brazil; Department of Polymer, José Crespo Gonzales Faculty of Technology (FATEC), Sorocaba, SP 18013-280, Brazil
| | - Maira de Lourdes Rezende
- Department of Polymer, José Crespo Gonzales Faculty of Technology (FATEC), Sorocaba, SP 18013-280, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida de Rezende Duek
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Sciences (PPGCM), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, SP 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba, SP 18030-070, Brazil
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Iber BT, Torsabo D, Chik C, Wahab F, Abdullah S, Abu Hassan H, Kasan N. A study on the effects of interfering with the conventional sequential protocol for chemical isolation and characterization of chitosan from biowaste of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13970. [PMID: 36915541 PMCID: PMC10006476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unless better measures are put in place to address the environmental and social impacts emanating from the huge waste generated from sea food processing industries; 'tragedy of the commons' is inevitable. Needless to re-emphasise the enormous contributions of aquaculture as the perfect substitute to capture fisheries which has been proven unsustainable. Be that as it may, the huge amount of bio-waste produced could be transformed into useful products such as chitin and chitosan with far reaching applications. Chitin and chitosan have been consistently processed from many sources following the traditional chemical sequence of Demineralization (DM), Deproteinization (DP), Decolouration (DC) and Deacetylation (DA). In this study, this method was re-ordered, resulting to 4 sequences of chemical processes. HCl, NaOH, ethanol (97%) and NaOH (50%) were used for DM, DP, DC and DA respectively. The results of this study showed that better chitin (23.99 ± 0.61%) and chitosan (15.17 ± 1.69%) yields were obtained from sequence four (SQ4) following the order of DC-DM-DP-DA. In addition, physicochemical properties such as DDA (80.67 ± 2.52%) and solubility (66.43 ± 2.61%) were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in SQ4 thereby making the obtained product suitable for use as coagulant and flocculant in wastewater treatment. Results of FTIR, XRD and SEM of the study proved that the resultant product exhibited the characteristic nature of chitosan with porous and fibril nature. In the analysis of the physical properties of chitosan obtained from bio-waste of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the high Carr's index (CI) and low bulk as well as tapped densities were an indication that the chitosan produced in this study had poor flowability and compressibility, thereby making it unfit for application in pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Terkula Iber
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, (Formally Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi), P.M.B.2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Donald Torsabo
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, (Formally Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi), P.M.B.2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Che Chik
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fachrul Wahab
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Kasan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Ortín-Bustillo A, Vidal GR, Tortosa DE, López-Arjona M, Rubio CP, Cerón JJ, Muñoz-Prieto A, Pardo-Marín L, López-Martínez MJ, Botia M, Martínez-Subiela S, Tvarijonaviciute A, Tecles F. Automated assays for trace elements and ferritin measurement in saliva of pigs: Analytical validation and a pilot application to evaluate different iron status. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:410-6. [PMID: 36116417 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate automated methods to measure iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and ferritin in pig saliva samples. A complete analytical validation was performed of all assays. In addition, these methods were applied to saliva of Fe supplemented (n = 22) and non-supplemented (n = 20) piglets. All assays were able to measure these biomarkers in pig saliva with adequate precision, accuracy and high sensitivity and, in case of trace elements without needing a deproteinization pre-process. The group of piglets supplemented with Fe presented significantly higher levels of ferritin and Zn in saliva. In conclusion, the automated assays evaluated were able to measure Fe, Zn, Cu and ferritin in saliva of pigs, and in case of trace elements, they have the advantage of not needing a deproteinization pre-treatment and thus these analytes can be measured in a simple and fast manner.
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Khan M, Kaur H, Choudhary R, Yeluri R. Effect of three different conditioning agents on cavosurface microleakage and bond strength of glass ionomer restorations - An in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2022; 40:180-187. [PMID: 35859411 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_144_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the conditioning effects of phosphoric acid/5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixture, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate, and 10% polyacrylic acid on cavosurface microleakage and bond strength of glass ionomer (GI) restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Out of 68 extracted premolars, 34 teeth were selected for microleakage and 34 for bond strength evaluation. The samples were divided into the following four groups. Group 1: pretreatment with 50/50 volume% mixture of 5.25% NaOCl solution and 37% phosphoric acid (H3PO4), Group 2:pretreatment with 2% CHX digluconate, Group 3: pretreatment with 10% polyacrylic acid (positive control), and Group 4: no pretreatment (negative control). All the samples were then restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Microleakage was evaluated using a stereomicroscope and rhodamine-B dye penetration test. For bond strength, flat dentin surface was exposed and pretreated as mentioned previously and restored with GIC and was evaluated using universal testing machine. RESULTS Among all the four groups, Group 1 showed least microleakage and highest bond strength when compared with other groups. Whereas the Group 4 samples which were not pretreated with any of the conditioning agent showed the least shear bond strength with greatest cavosurface microleakage when compared to the groups which were pretreated with the conditioning agents. CONCLUSIONS A combination of 50/50 volume % mixture of 37% H3PO4 and 5.25% NaOCl can be a good choice for surface pretreatment of GI restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Khan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishika Choudhary
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Yeluri
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cahyaningtyas HAA, Suyotha W, Cheirsilp B, Prihanto AA, Yano S, Wakayama M. Optimization of protease production by Bacillus cereus HMRSC30 for simultaneous extraction of chitin from shrimp shell with value-added recovered products. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:22163-22178. [PMID: 34780017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chitin extraction from shrimp shell powder (SSP) using protease-producing microbes is an attractive approach for valorizing shrimp shell waste because it is simple and environmentally friendly. In this study, the protease production and chitin extraction from SSP by Bacillus cereus HMRSC30 were simultaneously optimized using statistical approaches. As a result, fermentation in medium composed of 30 g/L SSP, 0.2 g/L MgSO4 · 7H2O, 3 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g/L K2HPO4, and 1.5 g/L KH2PO4 (pH 6.5) for 7 days maximized protease production (197.75 ± 0.33 U/mL) to approximately 1.64-fold compared to unoptimized condition (126.8 ± 0.047 U/mL). This level of enzyme production was enough to achieve 97.42 ± 0.28% deproteinization (DP) but low demineralization (DM) of 53.76 ± 0.21%. The high DM of 90% could be easily accomplished with the post-treatment using 0.4 M HCl and acetic acid. In addition, the study evaluated the possible roadmap to maximize the value of generated products and obtain additional profits from this microbial process. The observation showed the possibility of serving crude chitin as a bio-adsorbent with the highest removal capacity against Coomassie brilliant blue (97.99%), followed by methylene blue (74.42%). The recovered protease exhibited the function to remove egg yolk stain, indicating its potential for use as a detergent in de-staining. The results corroborated the benefits of microbial fermentation by B. cereus HMRSC30 as green process for comprehensive utilization of shrimp shell waste as well as minimizing waste generation along the established process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Amanah Aditya Cahyaningtyas
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Wasana Suyotha
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Asep Awaludin Prihanto
- Department Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65415, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shigekazu Yano
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mamoru Wakayama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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Taser B, Ozkan H, Adiguzel A, Orak T, Baltaci MO, Taskin M. Preparation of chitosan from waste shrimp shells fermented with Paenibacillus jamilae BAT1. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1191-1199. [PMID: 33989684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chitin extraction from shrimp shell powder (SSP) using locally isolated Paenibacillus jamilae BAT1 (GenBank: MN176658), the preparation of chitosan from the extracted chitin, and the characterization and biological activity (antimicrobial and antioxidant) of the prepared chitosan (PC) were investigated. It was determined that P. jamilae BAT1 did not have chitinase activity but showed high protease activity and protein removal potential. Optimum pH, shell concentration and incubation time for deproteinization were determined as 7.0, 60 g/L and 4 days, respectively. Addition of KH2PO4 or MgSO4 did not affect chitin extraction and deproteinization yield. The maximum yields of deproteinization, demineralization and chitin extraction yields were 87.67, 41.95 and 24.5%, respectively. The viscosity-average molecular weight of PC was determined as 1.41 × 105 g/mol. The deacetylation degree of PC (86%) was found to be higher that of commercial chitosan (CC) (78%). DPPH scavenging activity of PC (IC50 0.59 mg/mL) was higher than that of CC (IC50 3.72 mg/mL). PC was found to have higher antimicrobial activity against the bacteria E. coli and S. aureus and the yeast C. albicans when compared to CC. This is the first study on the use of the bacterium P. jamilae in biological chitin extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behiye Taser
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ozkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Adiguzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tugba Orak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkan Baltaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mesut Taskin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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11
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Rakshit S, Mondal S, Pal K, Jana A, Soren JP, Barman P, Mondal KC, Halder SK. Extraction of chitin from Litopenaeus vannamei shell and its subsequent characterization: an approach of waste valorization through microbial bioprocessing. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1943-1956. [PMID: 33956220 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical extraction of chitin is very hazardous and costly which can be overwhelmed by microbial bioprocessing. In this study, potent protease and lactic acid-producing bacteria were screened and identified as Alcaligens faecalis S3 and Bacillus coagulans L2, respectively. Productions of protease and lactic acid by the respective bacterial strains were optimized. The shell of Litopenaeus vannamei was sequentially treated with the partially purified protease and lactic acid and the treatment conditions were optimized for betterment of chitin yield. Spectral characterization by SEM-EDS, IR, XRD, NMR, XPS and thermal characterization by TG and DTG analysis of the extracted chitin was made and compared with commercial one. It was revealed that both the chitin have similar characteristics. Therefore, it can be articulated that chitin can be extracted from crustacean shells in pure form by microbial bioprocessing which will be a good catch for biorefinary industries for chitin extraction through greener route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Rakshit
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Mondal
- Centre for Life Science, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyanbrata Pal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Jana
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash Soren
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Keshab Chandra Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Kumar Halder
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India.
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12
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Zhang Q, Wang L, Liu S, Li Y. Establishment of successive co-fermentation by Bacillus subtilis and Acetobacter pasteurianus for extracting chitin from shrimp shells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117720. [PMID: 33593582 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To simplify the process of chitin bio-extraction from shrimp shells powder (SSP), successive co-fermentation using Bacillus subtilis and Acetobacter pasteurianus was explored in this work. Among three protease-producer (B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus), only B. subtilis exhibited high compatibility with A. pasteurianus in co-culture. Successive co-fermentation was constructed as follows: deproteinization was performed for 3 d by culturing B. subtilis in the medium containing 50 g·L-1 SSP, 50 g·L-1 glucose, and 1 g·L-1 yeast extracts; After feeding 5 g·L-1 KH2PO4 and 6 % (v/v) ethanol, A. pasteurianus was cultured for another 2 d without replacing and re-sterilizing medium. Through 5 d of fermentation, the final deproteinization, demineralization efficiency, and chitin yield reached 94.5 %, 92.0 %, and 18.0 %, respectively. This purified chitin had lower molecular weight (12.8 kDa) and higher deacetylation degree (19.6 %) compared with commercial chitin (18.5 kDa, 6.7 %), and showed excellent structural characterization of FESEM and FT-IR analysis.
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13
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Vallejo-Domínguez D, Rubio-Rosas E, Aguila-Almanza E, Hernández-Cocoletzi H, Ramos-Cassellis ME, Luna-Guevara ML, Rambabu K, Manickam S, Siti Halimatul Munawaroh H, Loke Show P. Ultrasound in the deproteinization process for chitin and chitosan production. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 72:105417. [PMID: 33352467 PMCID: PMC7803815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chitin and chitosan are widely investigated for food preservation and active packaging applications. Chemical, as well as biological methods, are usually adopted for the production of these biopolymers. In this study, modification to a chemical method of chitin synthesis from shrimp shells has been proposed through the application of high-frequency ultrasound. The impact of sonication time on the deproteinization step of chitin and chitosan preparation was examined. The chemical identities of chitin and chitosan were verified using infrared spectroscopy. The influence of ultrasound on the deacetylation degree, molecular weight and particle size of the biopolymer products was analysed. The microscopic characteristics, crystallinity and the colour characteristics of the as-obtained biopolymers were investigated. Application of ultrasound for the production of biopolymers reduced the protein content as well as the particle size of chitin. Chitosan of high deacetylation degree and medium molecular weight was produced through ultrasound assistance. Finally, the as-derived chitosan was applied for beef preservation. High values of luminosity, chromatid and chrome were noted for the beef samples preserved using chitosan films, which were obtained by employing biopolymer subjected to sonication for 15, 25 and 40 min. Notably; these characteristics were maintained even after ten days of packaging. The molecular weight of these samples are 73.61 KDa, 86.82 KDa and 55.66 KDa, while the deacetylation degree are 80.60%, 92.86% and 94.03%, respectively; in the same order, the particle size of chitosan are 35.70 μm, 25.51 μm and 20.10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vallejo-Domínguez
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur S/N edificio FIQ7 CU, San Manuel C. P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Rubio-Rosas
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Prol. 24 sur S/N CU, San Manuel C. P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Aguila-Almanza
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur S/N edificio FIQ7 CU, San Manuel C. P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - H Hernández-Cocoletzi
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur S/N edificio FIQ7 CU, San Manuel C. P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - M E Ramos-Cassellis
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur S/N edificio FIQ7 CU, San Manuel C. P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M L Luna-Guevara
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur S/N edificio FIQ7 CU, San Manuel C. P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - K Rambabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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14
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Zhu Y, Li J, Ma J, Lin Z, Lu X, Xiong Q, Qian Y, Yuan J, Ding S, Huang S, Chen J. An effective, green and mild deproteinization method for polysaccharides of Ruditapes philippinarum by attapulgite-based silk fibroin composite aerogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:343-353. [PMID: 33794241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A large amount of protein impurity severely restricts the application of polysaccharides of Ruditapes philippinarum (PRP) in food and medicine. Moreover, the traditional Sevag deproteinization method always involves organic reagents. The purpose of this paper was to develop an effective, green and mild deproteinization method from PRP by attapulgite-based silk fibroin composite aerogel (ASA). Firstly, ASA was synthesized and applied to remove protein from PRP. Secondly, the deproteinization parameters were optimized with selectivity coefficient as index as follows: dose of ASA 1% and pH 7.0. Under these conditions, deproteinization ratio (Dr%), polysaccharide recovery ratio (Rr%) and selectivity coefficient (Kc) reached 79.44 ± 1.87%, 95.81 ± 2.95% and 18.95 ± 1.55, respectively. Next, the feasibility of ASA method was evaluated. As a result, ASA method not only achieved higher deproteinization efficiency in less time compared with Sevag method, but also retained structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides. ASA was also proven with recycling ability and could be reused more than five times. Furthermore, it was found that protein adsorption on ASA was better fitted by pseudo second-order kinetic and Freundlich model. Taking together, the data implied that ASA method would be promising of deproteinization from PRP suitable for polysaccharides processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiandong Li
- Department of Imaging, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jingrui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Zilong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Yunhua Qian
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Shijie Ding
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Song Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China.
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15
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Chiang CF, Larsen JA, Sahtout M, Horoschak RE, Yu ZS, Fascetti AJ. Impact of storage temperature, storage duration, and deproteinization on plasma amino acid concentrations in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:416-421. [PMID: 33812284 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reliability of canine plasma amino acid analysis depends on sample stability which can be influenced by pre-analytical handling techniques, storage temperature, storage time, and deproteinization status. Extrapolating data to dogs from research in other species is limited given discordant methodology and interspecies differences. The present study investigated the effects of deproteinization status (non-deproteinized or deproteinized) and storage temperature (at -20 °C or - 80 °C) on the concentration of 22 canine plasma amino acids during a 300-day storage period. Storage time had a significant effect (p < 0.05) of overall declining concentration of most amino acids. Compared to non-deproteinized samples, deproteinization contributed to overall higher concentrations of cyst(e)ine and glutamic acid, and consistently modified the effect of storage time and temperature on cyst(e)ine, glutamic acid, and glutamine. Compared to -20 °C, storage at -80 °C contributed to a higher concentration of cyst(e)ine and glutamic acid, and modified the effect of storage time on arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine, and tryptophan. Storage time had a consistent, significant effect on amino acid concentrations in canine plasma samples. Although sample deproteinization and low storage temperature modified the effect of storage time, these interactions were variable among analyzed amino acids. Therefore, timely sample analysis is recommended. If delayed sample analysis is inevitable, deproteinization should be performed prior to sample banking to preserve amino acid stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fan Chiang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer A Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Mohammad Sahtout
- Statistical Laboratory, Department of Statistics, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rachael E Horoschak
- Department of Public Health Administration, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Zeng-Shou Yu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrea J Fascetti
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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Guo L, Dai H, Ma J, Wang J, Hua Y, Zhou L. Isolation, structure characteristics and antioxidant activity of two water-soluble polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina. BMC Chem 2021; 15:19. [PMID: 33731198 PMCID: PMC7971957 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal polysaccharides belong to a very important class of biological macromolecules in nature, and have complex monosaccharide composition and structure. These studies on structure and biological activity of fungal polysaccharides have become one of the research hotspots of scholars at home and abroad. RESULTS This study was performed in order to understand the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina (LBPs). The LBPs were deproteinized using sevag method, and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies, then the two refined polysaccharides were obtained and named LBPs-5 and LBPs-6. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) showed that LBPs-5 and LBPs-6 are typical β-pyranose with characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the two water-soluble polysaccharides were estimated to be 3.235 × 103 Da and 6.196 × 103 Da by HPGPC, respectively. HPLC with PMP derivatization analysis indicated that the monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-5 were mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 0.05:0.15:0.76:0.04. The monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-6 were mannose, glucuronic acid, and glucose, in a molar ratio of 0.04:0.17:0.79. Furthermore, the two water-soluble polysaccharides demonstrated strong scavenging effects on DPPH·, ABTS·+, ·OH and weak total reducing power, especially LBPs-6 was significantly stronger in scavenging rate than that of LBPs-5. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of the study indicated that LBPs had good potential as medicine and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Dai
- School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hua
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Dhanabalan V, Xavier KAM, Eppen S, Joy A, Balange A, Asha KK, Murthy LN, Nayak BB. Characterization of chitin extracted from enzymatically deproteinized Acetes shell residue with varying degree of hydrolysis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 253:117203. [PMID: 33278974 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetes shrimp is an unexploited tiny shrimp mainly landed as bycatch which is a good source for the recovery of protein and chitin. In the present study, the residual shell obtained after the hydrolysis of Acetes was used for the extraction of chitin by combining enzymatic and chemical treatments. Enzymatic hydrolysis with Alcalase was performed at different rates. Results showed that the protein removal efficiency increases with the increase in DH and the maximum deproteinzation was achieved at 30 % DH (93.68 %). The FTIR spectra showed two sharp bands for chemically prepared chitin and 30 % DH chitin at 1627-1629 and 1664-1665 cm-1 indicating that its alpha amorphous structure. The degree of N-acetylation was found to be higher in enzymatically prepared chitin in all different hydrolytic treatment rather than chemically prepared. The surface morphologies of chitin revealed the porous and nanofibrous structures for 30 % DH chitin and chemically prepared chitin.
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18
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Alam O, Qiao X. Influences of chemically controlled Ca-bearing minerals in chitosan on Pb 2+ removal efficiency. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; 18:993-1005. [PMID: 33312618 PMCID: PMC7721843 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly purified chitosan was generally preferred for heavy metal (HM) removal and the preparation parameters varied largely without any agreement. This study investigated to the influences of chitin with different purities on the HM removal of corresponding chitosan. Sea shrimp waste was used as raw materials and Pb2+ was used as target HM. The results of orthogonal experimental analysis showed that only acid concentration played an important role in the deproteinization and demineralization processes of the chitin preparation under HCl, H2SO4 and CH3COOH treatment. Ca-bearing minerals (CBM) but not free -NH2 group of chitosan played a major role in the removal of Pb2+ from solution. Partly purified chitosan mainly removed Pb2+ by precipitation and then biosorption. The dissociation of Ca2+ from CBM elevated pH value of Pb2+ solution which benefited to precipitation and the formation of NH2-Pb2+. Partly purified chitosan prepared from HCl and CH3COOH treated chitin showed 720-753 mg/g of Pb2+ adsorption at the initial pH value of 6.0; however, highly purified chitosan prepared from HCl treated chitin showed only 45-160 mg/g. Chitosan prepared from H2SO4 treated chitin showed 720-752 mg/g of Pb2+ adsorption. This research found the unexplored information for the industrial application of chitosan with minimum cost but the highest HM removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohidul Alam
- State - Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuchen Qiao
- State - Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
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19
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long X, yan Q, cai L, li G, luo X. Box-Behnken design-based optimization for deproteinization of crude polysaccharides in Lycium barbarum berry residue using the Sevag method. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03888. [PMID: 32420477 PMCID: PMC7218266 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Deproteinization of crude polysaccharides in the residue from Lycium barbarum berries (LBBs) was conducted using the Sevag method. A Box-Behnken design based on single-factor experiments was employed to optimize the deproteinization technology. The results showed that the deproteinization conditions had significant effects on the extraction yield of polysaccharides and the residual protein content in Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP). The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation, using multiple regression analysis with a high coefficient of determination (R2) value. The optimal conditions were as follows: a ratio of raw material to water extract concentrate from the residual LBBs of 0.15 g/mL; a ratio of chloroform to n-butyl alcohol of 2.17 mL/mL; and a ratio of water extract concentrate from residual LBBs to Sevag reagent of 0.50 mL/mL; with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 0.49% and minimum residual protein content of 0.087%. The results were confirmed through validation experiments. GPC analysis indicated that deproteinized LBP molecules became much more homogeneous. X-ray diffraction indicated that the hydrogen bonding of deproteinized LBP was weakened. This optimization of LBP should be a useful method for purification of crude LBP.
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20
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Said Al Hoqani HA, Al-Shaqsi N, Hossain MA, Al Sibani MA. Isolation and optimization of the method for industrial production of chitin and chitosan from Omani shrimp shell. Carbohydr Res 2020; 492:108001. [PMID: 32259704 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is an organic compound widely used in biomedical and agricultural fields due to its medicinal values. Chitosan is the largest biopolymer after cellulose and it is used as a food supplement as well as a primary health care product. The focus of the present study is to optimize the method for isolation and characterization of chitosan from Omani shrimp shell. The chitosan was isolated chemically from shrimp waste through the chemical processes of demineralization, deproteinization, discoloration and deacetylation. Chitosan isolation was done using hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at various concentrations and temperatures during the demineralization, the deproteinization, and the deacetylation processes. A total of twenty-seven samples were run in triplicate and used to isolate chitin from shrimp shell and then different methods of deacetylation were done to extract chitosan. The research was conducted by changing three variables such as the concentration of acid and base and temperature. The coarse powder shrimp waste samples were demineralized by varying the concentrations ranging from 3 to 9% of HCl and at the temperature range between 25 and 55 °C. The demineralized samples were treated with different concentrations of NaOH ranging from 20 to 60% and at the temperature range from 85 to 110 °C to deproteinize the samples. The optimal method for chitin isolation was selected by using FT-NIR spectroscopy. The optimal experimental conditions according to the present study were 3% HCl at 25 °C for an hour demineralization and 50% NaOH at 110 °C for 3 h deproteinization with a yield of 53.313%. Finally, the isolated chitin was decolorized by treatment with 30% H2O2 for 3 h then deacetylatised with 50% NaOH for 15 min. The weight loss was 0.29 gm/5 gm. In conclusion, shrimp waste could be a natural alternative source for the production of chitin. Furthermore, it could be used in medical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horiya Ali Said Al Hoqani
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Nursing, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Noura Al-Shaqsi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Mohammed Amzad Hossain
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Nursing, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Al Sibani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Nizwa, Oman
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21
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Zhou P, Li J, Yan T, Wang X, Huang J, Kuang Z, Ye M, Pan M. Selectivity of deproteinization and demineralization using natural deep eutectic solvents for production of insect chitin (Hermetia illucens). Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115255. [PMID: 31521314 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity of deproteinization and demineralization using natural deep eutectic solvents for preparation of insect chitin (Hermetia illucens) was investigated. The relationships between the pH and pKa values of NADESs and demineralization, deproteinization and crystallinity indexes of the obtained chitin were discussed, respectively. It was found that the acidic NADESs consist of basic hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and acidic hydrogen bond donor (HBD), or the alkali NADESs composed of acid HBA and alkali HBD were better for chitin products. After reused for three times, demineralization and deproteinization abilities of NADESs were not significantly decreased. Mechanistic analysis indicated that H+ released from HBA or HBD was the main reason for demineralization, whereas intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond in NADESs facilitates the removal of protein. Overall, this report provides a preliminary reference for design of the sustainable NADESs for preparation of chitin from natural resources.
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen VB, Vo TPK, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Chitin extraction from shrimp waste by liquid fermentation using an alkaline protease-producing strain, Brevibacillus parabrevis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:706-715. [PMID: 30904526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an extracellular protease, but no chitinolytic enzyme-producing strain, Brevibacillus parabrevis TKU046, has been isolated and analyzed for the deproteinization testing of shrimp waste by liquid fermentation. Deproteinization assays of shrimp waste with this microbe showed 95% protein removal after 4 days fermentation. The efficiency of chitin extraction by B. parabrevis TKU046 on wastes of three shrimp species were also investigated in which the highest deproteinization was found on cooked tiger shrimp shell. Infrared spectra (IR) of the obtained chitin displayed characteristic profiles for chitin. The culture supernatant released after fermentation greatly exhibited growth enhancing effect on Lactobacillus rhamnosus. In addition, B. parabrevis TKU046 protease was isolated and determined the characteristics. The molecular mass of B. parabrevis TKU046 protease was determined as 32 kDa and 34 kDa, respectively, by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. Overall, the findings provide strong support for the potential candidacy of this enzyme as an effective and eco-friendly alternative to the conventional chemicals used for the deproteinization of shrimp heads in the chitin processing industry, as well as the production of prebiotics to be used in the nutraceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Viet Nam
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Phuong Khanh Vo
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Viet Nam
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
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Dun Y, Li Y, Xu J, Hu Y, Zhang C, Liang Y, Zhao S. Simultaneous fermentation and hydrolysis to extract chitin from crayfish shell waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:420-426. [PMID: 30439435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is the second-most abundant bioresource and widely used in the food, agricultural, textile, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, an efficient, environmentally friendly, and economically feasible process for chitin extraction from shellfish waste remains to be explored. This study aimed to extract chitin from crayfish shell waste powder (CSP) by removing Ca2+ and protein, using Bacillus coagulans LA204 and proteinase K. A simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation process was conducted at 50 °C with 5% (w/v) CSP, 5% (w/v) glucose, 1000 U proteinase k g-1 CSP, and 10% inoculation of B. coagulans LA204 in a 5-L bioreactor under non-sterile conditions. After 48 h of fermentation, the deproteinization efficiency, demineralization efficiency, and chitin recovery reached 93%, 91%, and 94%, respectively. 1 mol additional glucose efficiently removed 0.91 mol calcium carbonate and 93% of the removed protein was hydrolyzed to acid-soluble protein. Simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation was a new strategy and a competitive biological method for chitin extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohao Dun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Changyi Zhang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan 430068, China.
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Su FY, Pang S, Ling YTT, Shyu P, Novitskaya E, Seo K, Lambert S, Zarate K, Graeve OA, Jasiuk I, McKittrick J. Deproteinization of Cortical Bone: Effects of Different Treatments. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:554-566. [PMID: 30022228 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a biological composite material having collagen and mineral as its main constituents. In order to better understand the arrangement of the mineral phase in bone, porcine cortical bone was deproteinized using different chemical treatments. This study aims to determine the best method to remove the protein constituent while preserving the mineral component. Chemicals used were H2O2, NaOCl, NaOH, and KOH, and the efficacy of deproteinization treatments was determined by thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The structure of the residual mineral parts was examined using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction was used to confirm that the mineral component was not altered by the chemical treatments. NaOCl was found to be the most effective method for deproteinization and the mineral phase was self-standing, supporting the hypothesis that bone is an interpenetrating composite. Thermogravimetric analyses and Raman spectroscopy results showed the preservation of mineral crystallinity and presence of residual organic material after all chemical treatments. A defatting step, which has not previously been used in conjunction with deproteinization to isolate the mineral phase, was also used. Finally, Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the inclusion of a defatting procedure resulted in the removal of some but not all residual protein in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Y Su
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Siyuan Pang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yik Tung Tracy Ling
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Peter Shyu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ekaterina Novitskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kyungah Seo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sofia Lambert
- Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior - Campus Mexicali, Calzada CETYS s/n. Col. Rivera, Mexicali, Baja California, C.P. 21259, Mexico
| | - Kimberlin Zarate
- Hilltop High School, 555 Claire Avenue, Chula Vista, CA, 91910, USA
| | - Olivia A Graeve
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Room 2101C MEL, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., EBU II, Room 257, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA.
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Castro R, Guerrero-Legarreta I, Bórquez R. Chitin extraction from Allopetrolisthes punctatus crab using lactic fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 20:e00287. [PMID: 30386735 PMCID: PMC6205324 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of an optimized method to extract high quality chitin from A. punctatus crab by lactic acid fermentation. The method generate Lactobacillus plantarum sp. 87 high growth rate, high lactic acid production and prevent spoilage. Lactic acid fermentation developed method improves yield and quality of Chitin obtained compared to a chemical method.
Chitin extraction from Allopetrolisthes punctatus, a crab species proliferating in Chile and Peru seashores, was carried out applying preliminary lactic ensilation. For this purpose, Lactobacillus plantarum sp. 47 isolated from Coho salmon was inoculated in crab biomass. Previously, fermentation parameters (carbon source, inoculum concentration and incubation temperature) to obtain peak lactic acid production and bacterial growth were studied. The optimal fermentation conditions were 10% inoculum, 15% sucrose and 85% crab biomass, producing 17 mg lactic acid/ g silage. Extracted and purified chitin, after 60 h fermentation, showed 99.6 and 95.3% demineralization and deproteinization, respectively, using low concentrated acids and bases. As a means of comparison, chitin was also extracted by chemical hydrolysis using high concentrated acids and bases, giving a lower yield and lower quality product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Castro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Bórquez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Cao W, Wang Y, Luo J, Yin J, Wan Y. Simultaneous decolorization and deproteinization of α,ω-dodecanedioic acid fermentation broth by integrated ultrafiltration and adsorption treatments. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1271-1281. [PMID: 29767339 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
α,ω-Dicarboxylic acids (DC) are versatile chemical intermediates with different chain length. For biosynthesis of DC, to obtain the highly pure product via crystallization, it is required to remove pigments and proteins in fermentation broth. However, a trade-off between decolorization/deproteinization ratio and DC recovery during the purification process was found, which impeded DC production by fermentation. When ultrafiltration (UF) was applied to treat α,ω-dodecanedioic acid (DC12) broth, 93.4% of DC12 recovery, 80.5% of decolorization ratio and 61.7% of deproteinization ratio were achieved by a PES 3 membrane. However, the membrane technology could not effectively retain the pigments or proteins with low molecular weight when a high DC12 permeation was required. Meanwhile, the selected activated charcoal or macroporous resins were not good adsorbents for the present system. Furthermore, an integrated process for decolorization and deproteinization was developed. After filtration with PES3 membrane, an activated charcoal was used to remove the small proteins and pigments in the UF permeate. As a result, 91.4% of DC12 recovery, 94.7% of decolorization ratio and 84.8% of deproteinization ratio were obtained by such two-stage strategy. These results would serve as a valuable guide for process design and practical operation in subsequent industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Yin
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing, 100036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the topographical features of enamel surface, etched with different materials. STUDY DESIGN 10 extracted human primary molars were randomly selected and cut and trimmed to 1 mm2. Each group comprised of 10 blocks and the enamel was treated as follows: Group I-35% H3PO4; Group II-5.25% NaOCl + 35% H3PO4 ;Group III-5.25% NaOCl; Group IV no treatment was carried out. All the samples were prepared for Scanning electron microscope analysis. The images were obtained and evaluated for the quality type I-II etching of the enamel surface using Auto-CAD 2011 software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (p<0.001). RESULTS The mean surface area of type I and II etching pattern values for Group- I was 39608.18 μm2 and Group- II was 45051.34 μm2. CONCLUSION Deproteinization with 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite prior to acid etching could be used to increase the surface area of adhesion of composite material with the tooth surface.
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Chen L, Huang G, Hu J. Preparation, deproteinization, characterisation, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from cucumber (Cucumis saticus L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:408-411. [PMID: 29223751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Preparation, deproteinization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from cucumber (Cucumis saticus L.) were investigated. The crude cucumber polysaccharide was extracted by hydrothermal method. It showed that the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) method had the higher deproteinization percentage, but a little higher polysaccharide loss percentage than the CaCl2 method. The cucumber polysaccharide is linked by the β-glycosidic linkage. It consisted of d-glucose, d-mannose, d-galactose, l-rhamnose, d-xylose, l-arabinose, d-glucuronic acid, and d-galacturonic acid. Their mole ratio was 6.00:4.03:8.31:2.82:2.75:6.60:1.05:5.79. Moreover, it proved that the cucumber polysaccharide had high scavenging ability to superoxide anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Active Carbohydrate Research Center, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Active Carbohydrate Research Center, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Jinchuan Hu
- Active Carbohydrate Research Center, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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Hamdane N, Kmeid R, Khoury E, Ghoubril J. Effect of sandblasting and enamel deproteinization on shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer. Int Orthod 2017; 15:600-609. [PMID: 29111130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to compare, in vitro, the shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) bonded to an enamel surface prepared by either sandblasting with 50μm of aluminium oxide particles, deproteinization with 5.25% NaOCl, or by combining both techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and fifty human premolars were cleaned and randomly divided into five groups. In group 1, the teeth were etched using 37% phosphoric acid and bonded with Transbond XT. In group 2, the teeth were etched using 37% phosphoric acid and bonded with Fuji Ortho LC. In group 3, the teeth were deproteinized with 5.25% NaOCl for one minute then etched with 37% phosphoric acid and bonded with Fuji Ortho LC. In group 4, the enamel was sandblasted with 50μm of aluminium oxide particles for 5seconds prior to etching and bonding with Fuji Ortho LC. In group 5, the teeth were both sandblasted with 50μm of aluminium oxide particles for 5seconds and deproteinized with 5.25% NaOCl for one minute prior to etching using 37% phosphoric acid and bonding with Fuji Ortho LC. The shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1.0mm/min. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) index was also determined for each group. RESULTS The mean shear bond strengths were as follows: group 1: 11.33±2.60MPa, group 2: 8.14±2.09, group 3: 9.57±3.25MPa, group 4: 9.49±1.99MPa and group 5: 9.76±2.29MPa (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION The results show that pre-treating the enamel with either sandblasting, NaOCl, or both, could give a significantly higher shear bond strength than using RMGI with acid etch alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Kmeid
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Khoury
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joseph Ghoubril
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Godin S, Bouzas-Ramos D, Fontagné-Dicharry S, Bouyssière B, Bueno M. Deproteinization assessment using isotopically enriched compounds to trace the coprecipitation of low-molecular-weight selenium species with proteins. Anal Biochem 2017; 530:9-16. [PMID: 28476531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that information related to the presence of low-molecular-weight metabolites is frequently lost after deproteinization of complex matrices, such as blood and plasma, during sample preparation. Therefore, the effect of several deproteinization reagents on low-molecular-weight selenium species has been compared by species-specific isotope labeling. Two isotopically enriched selenium tracers were used to mimic models of small inorganic anionic (77Se-selenite) and organic zwitterionic (76Se-selenomethionine) species. The results presented here show that the use of a methanol-acetonitrile-acetone (1:1:1 v/v/v) mixture provided approximately two times less tracer loss from plasma samples in comparison with the classic procedure using acetonitrile, which may not be optimal as it leads to important losses of low-molecular-weight selenium species. In addition, the possible interactions between selenium tracers and proteins were investigated, revealing that both coprecipitation phenomena and association with proteins were potentially responsible for selenite tracer losses during protein precipitation in blood samples. However, coprecipitation phenomena were found to be fully responsible for losses of both tracers observed in plasma samples and of the selenomethionine tracer in blood samples. This successfully applied strategy is anticipated to be useful for more extensive future studies in selenometabolomics.
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Sharma R, Kumar D, Verma M. Deproteinization of Fluorosed Enamel with Sodium Hypochlorite Enhances the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An In vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2017; 8:20-25. [PMID: 28566846 PMCID: PMC5426160 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_934_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Improving bonding strength to fluorosed teeh. Aims: To determine the effect of deproteinization using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) prior to acid etching on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to fluorosed teeth. Settings and Design: In vitro experimental study. Methods and Material: Forty freshly extracted human mandibular first premolars with TFI 4 were selected and divided into two groups of 20 each. In Group I the teeth were acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid and bonded with composite. In Group II the teeth were deproteinized with 5.25% NaOCl prior to acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid and were bonded with composite. Samples were then subjected to shear bond test by Instron Universal Testing machine. The sample from each group were selected for the SEM study (prior to bonding) to analyze the etching patterns achieved. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was checked for normality by Shapiro Wilk Test, to compare the two groups unpaired t test was used. P value was predetermined at ≤ 0.05. Results: The S BS of Group II (11.75 ± 2.83 MPa) was higher than Group I (7.44 ± 2.43 MPa) and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). On SEM the etching pattern was more of type 1 and 2 in Group II. Conclusions: Deproteinization using 5.25% NaOCl prior to acid etching significantly increases the shear bond strength of brackets bonded to fluorosed teeth and can be used as a convenient and effective option in orthodontic bonding to fluorosed teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sharma
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Davender Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Meet Verma
- Department of Orthodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Maruthiah T, Somanath B, Jasmin JV, Immanuel G, Palavesam A. Production, purification and characterization of halophilic organic solvent tolerant protease from marine crustacean shell wastes and its efficacy on deproteinization. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:157. [PMID: 28330229 PMCID: PMC4961627 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantum of marine fish wastes produced by fish processing industries has necessitated to search new methods for its disposal. Hence, this study is focused on production and purification of halophilic organic solvent tolerant protease (HOSP) from marine Alcaligenes faecalis APCMST-MKW6 using marine shell wastes as substrate. The candidate bacterium was isolated from the marine sediment of Manakudi coast and identified as A. faecalis APCMST-MKW6. The purified protease showed 16.39-fold purity, 70.34 U/mg specific activity with 21.67 % yield. The molecular weight of the purified alkaline protease was 49 kDa. This purified protease registered maximum activity at pH 9 and it was stable between pH 8–9 after 1.30 h of incubation. The optimum temperature registered was 60 °C and it was stable between 50 and 60 °C even after 1.30 h of incubation. This enzyme also showed maximum activity at 20 % NaCl concentration. Further, manganese chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and barium chloride influenced this enzyme activity remarkably and it was also found to be enhanced by many of the tested surfactants and solvents. The candidate bacterium effectively deproteinized the shrimp shell waste compared to the other tested crustaceans shell wastes and also attained maximum antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalai Maruthiah
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari, 629 502, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Beena Somanath
- Department of Zoology, Rani Anna Government College for Women, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Grasian Immanuel
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari, 629 502, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arunachalam Palavesam
- Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamilnadu, India.
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Mhamdi S, Ktari N, Hajji S, Nasri M, Sellami Kamoun A. Alkaline proteases from a newly isolated Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis S103: Characterization and application as a detergent additive and for chitin extraction from shrimp shell waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 94:415-422. [PMID: 27765570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to characterize the extracellular thermostable serine alkaline proteases from newly actinomycete strain Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis S103 and to describe their evaluation in commercial detergents and shrimp waste deproteinization. This proteolytic crude extract was active and stable in alkaline solution. It was extremely stable in the pH range of 5.0-12.0. The optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 70°C, respectively, using casein as a substrate. The thermoactivity and thermostability of proteases were enhanced by the addition of 5mM Ca2+. Proteases from S103 were also used for shrimp wastes deproteinization in the process of chitin preparation. The percent of protein removal after 3h hydrolysis at 45°C with an enzyme/substrate ratio of 20U/mg had reached 93%. Furthermore, S103 crude enzyme was stable towards several organic solvents and retained 100% of its original activity after 90days of incubation in the presence of methanol, hexane, acetone, and DMSO. These properties make S103 proteases an ideal choice for application in detergent formulations, chitin production, and enzymatic peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Mhamdi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Naourez Ktari
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sawssen Hajji
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Alya Sellami Kamoun
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Maruthiah T, Somanath B, Immanuel G, Palavesam A. Deproteinization potential and antioxidant property of haloalkalophilic organic solvent tolerant protease from marine Bacillus sp. APCMST-RS3 using marine shell wastes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:124-32. [PMID: 28352581 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isolation, screening and identification of haloalkalophilic organic solvent tolerant (HAOP) proteolytic bacterium from coastal sediment. HAOP production using marine shell wastes as substrate. Purification and characterization of HAOP through gel filtration chromatography. Evaluating the blood stain removing ability of HAOP. Deproteinization and their antioxidant potential of HAOP using marine shell waste.
The current increase in the vast amount of marine crustacean shell waste produced by the fish processing industries has led to the need to find new methods for its disposal. Hence, the present study was carried out via marine shell wastes as substrate for protease production. The maximum production (4000.65 U/ml) from Bacillus sp. APCMST-RS3 was noticed in 3:1% shrimp and oyster shell powder (SOSP) as substrate. Purified protease showed 53.22% and 22.66% enzyme yield; 3.48 and 8.49 fold purity with 40 kDa molecular weight; whereas, its Km and Vmax values were 0.6666 g/l, 1111.11 U/ml. This enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 9 and 60 °C temperature. Also, it retained maximum protease activity in the presence of NaCl (2.5 M), surfactants (Tween 20, 40, 60, 80 and SDS) and metal ions (MnCl2, CaCl2, HgCl2 and BaCl2) and solvents. The candidate bacterium effectively deproteinized (84.35%) shrimp shell and its antioxidant potentials.
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Kong C, Fodjo EK, Li D, Cai Y, Huang D, Wang Y, Shen X. Chitosan-based adsorption and freeze deproteinization: Improved extraction and purification of synthetic colorants from protein-rich food samples. Food Chem 2015; 188:240-7. [PMID: 26041188 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A freeze method for deproteinization coupling with the chitosan purification process was developed for the determination of 8 synthetic food colorants in protein-rich samples. The solvents for extraction and different methods for deproteinization were examined and selected. Chitosan was employed for the purification after deproteinization, and further compared with the traditional polyamine purification method. Determination of the purified extract was conducted through the separation using high performance liquid chromatography and detection by multi-wavelength mode. Under the optimum conditions, the method showed good linearity between 0.6 and 10mg/kg, for the 8 synthetic colorants, and the limit of detection was between 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg as was defined when the ratio of signal to noise was three. The recoveries of the spiked samples were found to be between 83% and 91%. The intra-day precision and inter-day precision was estimated to be 3-10% and 6-12%, respectively. The developed method could be applied to deproteinization and clean-up for pretreatment of protein-rich samples.
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Hamed E, Novitskaya E, Li J, Jasiuk I, McKittrick J. Experimentally-based multiscale model of the elastic moduli of bovine trabecular bone and its constituents. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2015; 54:207-16. [PMID: 26046284 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The elastic moduli of trabecular bone were modeled using an analytical multiscale approach. Trabecular bone was represented as a porous nanocomposite material with a hierarchical structure spanning from the collagen-mineral level to the trabecular architecture level. In parallel, compression testing was done on bovine femoral trabecular bone samples in two anatomical directions, parallel to the femoral neck axis and perpendicular to it, and the measured elastic moduli were compared with the corresponding theoretical results. To gain insights on the interaction of collagen and minerals at the nanoscale, bone samples were deproteinized or demineralized. After such processing, the treated samples remained as self-standing structures and were tested in compression. Micro-computed tomography was used to characterize the hierarchical structure of these three bone types and to quantify the amount of bone porosity. The obtained experimental data served as inputs to the multiscale model and guided us to represent bone as an interpenetrating composite material. Good agreement was found between the theory and experiments for the elastic moduli of the untreated, deproteinized, and demineralized trabecular bone.
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Nanda SK, Sarangi R, Ray L, Kumar A, Padhi S. Factitious Biochemical Reports which are Caused Due to Paraproteinaemia in Multiple Myeloma - A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:350-2. [PMID: 23542790 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5173.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Factitious biochemical reports result in the misguiding of clinicians, unnecessary retesting, wrong diagnoses and incorrect treatments. A vigilant biochemist identifies these factitious biochemical reports and alerts the clinician regarding the proper interpretation of the biochemical reports, thus preventing a misdiagnosis and an incorrect treatment. We are presenting a case report of a multiple myeloma patient who presented with factitious biochemical reports which were caused due to paraproteinaemia. In the present case, the patient presented with an underestimation of urea and creatinine, an underestimation of sodium, low albumin levels and high phosphate levels. On repeating the same tests after dilutions and deproteinizing, the effects of the paraproteins on the above mentioned tests were reduced. Thus, from the observations of our study, we suggest that the interference by paraproteinaemia can be reduced by analyzing the biochemical parameters after dilution and deproteinization.
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