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Memarpour M, Jafari S, Rafiee A, Alizadeh M, Vossoughi M. Protective effect of various toothpastes and mouthwashes against erosive and abrasive challenge on eroded dentin: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9387. [PMID: 38653765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to compare various toothpastes and mouthwashes on permanent tooth dentin after erosive and abrasive challenges. 130 sound premolars dentin were randomly submitted to an initial erosive challenge and a cycle of erosive and abrasive challenges for five days. The five experimental groups (n = 26) were: (1) Control group (artificial saliva), (2) Elmex erosion protection toothpaste and mouthwash, (3) Vitis anticaries biorepair toothpaste and mouthwash, (4) Oral B Pro-expert toothpaste and Oral B Fluorinse mouthwash, and (5) MI Paste ONE toothpaste and Caphosol mouthwash. Microhardness, surface roughness values, and the topographical characteristics of the dentin surface were assessed. The highest percentage of recovered dentin microhardness (%RDMH) value was observed in groups 2 and 4, followed by groups 5 and 3, respectively. The %RDMH values in groups 2 and 4 did not demonstrate a significant difference (p = 0.855). The highest percentage of improvement in surface roughness was recorded in groups 2 and 4, with no significant differences (p = 0.989). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) findings were consistent with the surface roughness data. The best recovery of dentin microhardness and roughness were measured with the Elmex and Oral B toothpaste and mouthwash, followed by MI Paste ONE toothpaste and Caphosol mouthwash and Vitis anticaries biorepair toothpaste and mouthwash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Memarpour
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saba Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azade Rafiee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Alizadeh
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Vossoughi
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychological Health Research Institute (PHPRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Grimm AG, Tirpak RA, Winston RJ. Monitoring the impacts of rainfall characteristics on sediment loss from road construction sites. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33361-3. [PMID: 38649610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposed soils associated with active construction sites provide opportunities for erosion and sediment transport during storm events, introducing risks associated with excess sediment to downstream infrastructure and aquatic biota. A better understanding of the drivers of sediment transport in construction site runoff is needed to improve the design and performance of erosion and sediment control measures (ESCMs). Eleven monitoring locations on 3 active road construction sites in central Ohio were established to characterize runoff quality from points of concentrated flow during storm events. Grab samples were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, and particle size distribution (PSD). Median TSS concentrations and turbidity levels across all samples were 626 mg/L (range 25-28,600 mg/L) and 759 NTU (range 22-33,000 NTU), respectively. The median PSD corresponded to a silty clay loam, mirroring the soil texture of much of Ohio's subsoils. TSS concentrations and turbidity were significantly positively correlated with the rainfall intensity 10 min prior to sample collection, suggesting that higher flow rates created greater shear stress on bare soil which resulted in more erosion. Conversely, rainfall duration was negatively correlated with particle size, indicating that prolonged moisture from rainfall promoted the dispersion of soil aggregates which mobilized smaller particles. Multivariable linear regression models revealed that higher rainfall intensities corresponded to higher turbidity values, while higher TSS concentrations were associated with higher rainfall intensities, depths, and durations. Results from this study highlight the importance of reducing raindrop impact and subsequent shear stress applied by concentrated flows through the use of ESCMs to limit sediment export from construction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec G Grimm
- Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Richard A Tirpak
- Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ryan J Winston
- Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Krabbe S, Møller JM, Hadsbjerg AEF, Ewald A, Hangaard S, Pedersen SJ, Østergaard M. Detection of structural lesions of the sacroiliac joints in patients with spondyloarthritis: A comparison of T1-weighted 3D spoiled gradient echo MRI and MRI-based synthetic CT versus T1-weighted turbo spin echo MRI. Skeletal Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00256-024-04669-5. [PMID: 38592521 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the detection of erosion, sclerosis and ankylosis using 1 mm 3D T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo (T1w-GRE) MRI and 1 mm MRI-based synthetic CT (sCT), compared with conventional 4 mm T1w-TSE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional study. Semi-coronal 4 mm T1w-TSE and axial T1w-GRE with 1.6 mm slice thickness and 0.8 mm spacing between overlapping slices were performed. The T1w-GRE images were processed into sCT images using a commercial deep learning algorithm, BoneMRI. Both were reconstructed into 1 mm semi-coronal images. T1w-TSE, T1w-GRE and sCT images were assessed independently by 3 expert and 4 non-expert readers for erosion, sclerosis and ankylosis. Cohen's kappa for inter-reader agreement, exact McNemar test for lesion frequencies and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for confidence in lesion detection were used. RESULTS Nineteen patients with axial spondyloarthritis were evaluated. T1w-GRE increased inter-reader agreement for detecting erosion (kappa 0.42 vs 0.21 in non-experts), increased detection of erosion (57 vs 43 of 152 joint quadrants) and sclerosis (26 vs 17 of 152 joint quadrants) among experts, and increased reader confidence for scoring erosion and sclerosis. sCT increased inter-reader agreement for detecting sclerosis (kappa 0.69 vs 0.37 in experts) and ankylosis (0.71 vs 0.52 in non-experts), increased detection of sclerosis (34 vs 17 of 152 joint quadrants) and ankylosis (20 vs 13 of 76 joint halves) among experts, and increased reader confidence for scoring erosion, sclerosis and ankylosis. CONCLUSION T1w-GRE and sCT increase sensitivity and reader confidence for the detection of erosion, sclerosis and ankylosis, compared with T1w-TSE. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT These methods improve the detection of sacroiliac joint structural lesions and might be a useful addition to SIJ MRI protocols both in routine clinical care and as structural outcome measures in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krabbe
- Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-27, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Jakob M Møller
- Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna E F Hadsbjerg
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-27, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Ewald
- Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Stine Hangaard
- Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Susanne J Pedersen
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-27, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Østergaard
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-27, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bartlett DW, Jadeja SP, Austin RS, Charalambous P, Stewart B, Ruan Q, Won B, Dogu N, Vandeven M, Lavender S. Pilot clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of a professionally delivered high fluoride varnish on erosive tooth wear in an in-situ model. J Dent 2024; 143:104884. [PMID: 38373521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim for this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a sodium fluoride varnish on step height measured by a profilometer from human enamel worn by healthy volunteers with a novel in situ/ex vivo erosion design. METHOD Healthy volunteers aged 18-70 years wore a palatal splint containing 8 human enamel samples and underwent two 3-day treatment periods for 6 h a day with a varnish containing sodium fluoride at 22,600 ppm and the control with the same ingredients but without fluoride. Each splint contained 4 polished and 4 unpolished samples. The interventions were applied to the surface of the enamel samples in randomised order, removed after 6 h, then immersed ex-vivo in 1 %, pH 2.7 citric acid for 2 min, repeated 4 times a day, over 2 days. Measurements of enamel were assessed blindly by microhardness on day 2 and by non-contact laser profilometry on day 3 for the two treatments. RESULTS 24 volunteers, 2 males and 22 females aged 27-54 years, were screened and recruited. The delta microhardness, from polished samples removed at the end of day 2, for the control and fluoride treatment was 95.7 (22.9) kgf/mm2 and 123.7 (28.9) kgf/mm2, respectively (p < .005). The mean (SD) step height for the control polished enamel surfaces was 3.67 (2.07) µm and for the fluoride varnish was 1.79 (1.01) µm (p < .0005). The control unpolished enamel surfaces had a mean 2.09 (1.53) µm and the fluoride varnish was 2.11 (1.53) µm but no statistical difference was detected. CONCLUSIONS The results from this pilot study, utilizing an in-situ model where enamel was exposed to acid over the course of 2 days, demonstrated that a high fluoride varnish containing sodium fluoride at 22,600 ppm prevented erosive wear compared to a control on the polished enamel surfaces. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Intra-oral study demonstrated that a high fluoride varnish containing sodium fluoride at 22,600 ppm reduced erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Bartlett
- Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Sagar P Jadeja
- Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert S Austin
- Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Polyvios Charalambous
- Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, M15 6FH, United Kingdom
| | - Bernal Stewart
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Qichao Ruan
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Betty Won
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nihal Dogu
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Vandeven
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Stacey Lavender
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Ključevšek D, Potočnik Tumpaj V, Gazikalović A. The role of radiography in diagnosing, monitoring and prognosing juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:481-489. [PMID: 37640799 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The current role of conventional radiography in the diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is reviewed, as its role has changed with the increasing use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as with the introduction of biological drugs. Conventional radiography does not play an important role in the diagnosis of JIA, as this is based on history, clinical examination and laboratory findings. The main role of conventional radiography is in the detection and monitoring of growth disorders and chronic structural and morphological changes of the affected joints and bones, in addition to helping with the differential diagnosis of conditions that mimic JIA. Radiographic changes of the joints depend on the age of the child, the type and duration of arthritis and the specific joints affected. There are no standard protocols for arthritis monitoring and most indications for imaging are based on individual case-by-case decisions. The development of degenerative joint changes is considered a poor predictive factor, but there are no clear studies that more precisely define the predictive value of radiographic changes. Conventional radiography remains an important imaging modality in narrowing the differential diagnosis and in evaluating growth disorders and the developing destructive joint changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Ključevšek
- Department of Radiology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vesna Potočnik Tumpaj
- Department of Radiology, General hospital of Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Ana Gazikalović
- Department of Radiology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Abu El-Maaty A, Abdallah H, Kotb M, Ben-Mansour R, Alatawi E. Numerical investigation of sand erosion rate in a horizontal axis wind turbine. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27676. [PMID: 38560677 PMCID: PMC10979151 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Renewable energy represents an important alternative solution for many energy problems nowadays and a tool for a healthier environment by reducing carbon footprints resulting from burning fossil fuels. However, more work needs to be done towards maximizing the energy produced from renewable energy methods and making sure that the infrastructure used stays in service for a longer duration. Sand erosion phenomena is responsible for the degradation of the wind turbine blades and hence the decrease in their performance and life. In the current research, a numerical study of both performance and sand erosion of a Small-Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (SS-HAWT) is carried out. This study introduces new sights of instantaneous and forecasted erosion rates within the blade of the wind turbines. Three-dimensional E216 airfoil blades of radius 0.5 m are established according to blade element momentum theory. Sand particles with different mass flow rates of 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 kg/s and uniform diameters of 50, 100 and 200 μm have been selected as eroding particles under two different average air velocities of 8 m/s and 10 m/s. The results indicate that the performance of wind turbines is enhanced as the flow separation at the suction side is shifted to the trailing edge. Furthermore, the optimum tip speed ratio is about 5 at an air velocity of 8 m/s with a power coefficient of 0.432. In terms of erosion findings, V-shaped scars are reported near the leading edge of the blades. In addition, the instantaneous erosion rate grows exponentially with the tip speed ratio. Therefore, the yearly prediction of maximum erosion depth at the optimum operating conditions is obtained to be 5.7 mm/year in some spots of the turbine blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Abu El-Maaty
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - H.K. Abdallah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M.A. Kotb
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Ben-Mansour
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - E.S. Alatawi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
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Ono S, Tanaka M, Yoshinaga Y, Satou T, Aoki M. A case of giant nipple adenoma. Surg Case Rep 2024; 10:70. [PMID: 38526685 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-024-01869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nipple adenoma is a relatively rare benign disease. Clinically, it often presents with nipple erosions, and it should be differentiated from Paget's disease. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a 63-year-old woman who complained of a lump in her left nipple for more than 30 years. Computed tomography performed for screening congestive heart failure suggested a left nipple mass of 40 mm in size. Needle biopsy revealed nipple adenoma, and skin biopsy was also performed to confirm the diagnosis. Nipple tumor resection was performed under local anesthesia, and we confirmed that the final diagnosis was nipple adenoma with negative margins. The patient has been free from recurrence for 2 years since the surgery. CONCLUSIONS We have reported our experience of a case of giant nipple adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Ono
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast, and Pediatric Surgery, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jounann-Ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Masumi Tanaka
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast, and Pediatric Surgery, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jounann-Ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Yoshinaga
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast, and Pediatric Surgery, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jounann-Ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Satou
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast, and Pediatric Surgery, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jounann-Ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Mikiko Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jounann-Ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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LeRoux NK, Pavlovskii I, O'Sullivan AM, Mulligan RP, Bonnington AC, Kurylyk BL. Morphodynamics of a composite sand-cobble beach in response to extratropical cyclone Fiona and seasonal wave variability. Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:170077. [PMID: 38242482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is driving higher coastal water levels, and models project accelerated future sea-level rise and coastal storm intensification. These dynamics paired with anthropogenic coastal alterations will drive drastic coastal change worldwide. Composite beaches with mixed sediment sizes warrant detailed study as these exhibit complex morphodynamics in response to changing hydrodynamics due to the distinct transport thresholds of different sediment types. This study uses a novel multi-method approach to investigate a composite sand-cobble beach in Atlantic Canada experiencing a shortening seasonal sand-covered period. Hydrodynamic forcing and associated beach changes were monitored over a focused eight-month period, while satellite-based visual imagery and reconstructed wave data were analyzed over longer periods. Results show that intra-annual wave energy changes drive sand dynamics, with reduced summer wave energy facilitating short-term deposition. Long-term positive trends were identified in late spring wave heights, which likely contribute to the shortening sand-covered period. Seasonal dynamics were overwhelmed by extratropical cyclone Fiona, which made landfall on September 24, 2022, generating significant wave heights up to 6.8 m in the bay, mobilizing sediment, and steepening cobble berms. A new index approach based on visual imagery facilitated the investigation of beach sand appearance/disappearance using the relative redness of sand compared to cobble. Finally, the UAV-based surveys yielded high-resolution orthomosaics and LiDAR-based elevation mapping, and highlighted pronounced longshore variability in erosion and deposition during Fiona. The beach mostly recovered to pre-storm conditions in <4 months, which indicates that proposed beach nourishment activities may only experience temporary success. The longer-term results showing a conversion of sand to cobble suggest that loss of sandy beach habitat is likely to increase, even without shoreline migration or coastal squeeze driven by sea-level rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K LeRoux
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Igor Pavlovskii
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada; Now at WSP Canada Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antóin M O'Sullivan
- O'Sullivan EcoHydraulics Inc., Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, FOREM, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ryan P Mulligan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail C Bonnington
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada; Now at WSP Canada Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barret L Kurylyk
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Soares AKM, Crestana S, Ferreira RRM, Rodrigues VGS. Assessment of the impact of conservation measures by modeling soil loss in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:358. [PMID: 38470549 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Gullies are significant contributors to soil degradation in several regions of Brazil, including Minas Gerais, where erosion processes have caused soil loss. The characterization of erosion processes is crucial for the application of measures for recovering degraded areas and reducing erosion impacts. This study models soil loss with the use of InVEST software and assesses the impact of three different scenarios, namely (1) implementation of soil conservation practices and replacement of pasture areas for temporary agriculture, (2) reforestation of pasture areas, and (3) preservation of ciliary forests. Soil loss, sediment exportation, retention, and deposition for the present scenario (2019), as well as the three aforementioned hypothetical scenarios, were estimated. In the present scenario, the estimated mean annual soil loss was 2.75 t/ha year, with 1,449.54 t/year sediment exportation, 9,042.13 t/year retention, and 1,449.54 t/year deposition. The model predicted scenario 1 would result in 2.23 t/ha year mean annual soil loss, 1,300.59 t/year sediment exportation, 9,191.08 t/year retention, and 11,755.76 t/year deposition. Scenario 2 showed 1.92 t/ha year mean annual soil loss, 1,046.69 t/year sediment exportation, 9,444.98 t/year retention, and 10,229.77 t/year deposition, whereas the results for scenario 3 were 2.36 t/ha year, 616.65 t/year, 9,862.06 t/year, and 13,206.47 t/year, respectively. Reforestation and preservation of ciliary forests, along with soil conservation practices, were effective measures for reducing soil loss. Such findings are valuable for the management of areas degraded by erosion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Soares
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 400 Trabalhador Sãocarlense Ave, Sao Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - S Crestana
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Instrumentation, 1452 XV de Novembro Rd, Sao Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - R R M Ferreira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Territorial, 303 Soldado Passarinho Ave, Campinas, SP, 13070-115, Brazil
| | - V G S Rodrigues
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 400 Trabalhador Sãocarlense Ave, Sao Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
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10
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Hany M, Zidan A, Abouelnasr AA, Ibrahim M, Torensma B. Managing the Complication of Band Erosion in Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Case Report. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1052-1053. [PMID: 38206565 PMCID: PMC10899351 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-07041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We present a case involving a patient with laparoscopic banded sleeve gastrectomy (BSG) with a 3-month history of persistent vomiting, decreased tolerance for fluids, and limited intake of soft food items. Upon investigation, an eroded band and gastric dilatation were identified. The treatment involved the removal of the eroded band and a segment of the stomach, followed by the restoration of gastric continuity through a gastrogastrostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hany
- Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Horreya Avenue, Hadara, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt.
- Madina Women's Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Zidan
- Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Horreya Avenue, Hadara, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Anwar Ashraf Abouelnasr
- Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Horreya Avenue, Hadara, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Horreya Avenue, Hadara, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Bart Torensma
- Clinical Epidemiologist, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Su L, Richard SA, Lan Z. Localized Congenital Cutis Verticis Gyrate with Skull Erosion. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:3-4. [PMID: 38070739 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Localized congenital cutis verticis gyrate (CVG) is rare and potentially risks skull involvement. A 23-year-old woman presented with a congenital scalp mass in the occipital region. Local thickening of her left occipital scalp with ridges and furrows was observed on examination. Head computed tomography scan showed a lytic area underneath the same area of the occipital calvarium. The mass was surgically removed due to the skull erosion and cosmetic reasons. Pathologic evaluation established CVG. Surgical excision is best for localized congenital CVG with skull erosion due to cosmetic reasons. Surgical excision was rewarding to the patient it allowed her to style her hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China; Cheng Du Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Seidu A Richard
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China; Institute of Neuroscience, Third Afliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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12
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Zirari T, Trabadelo V. A review on wear, corrosion, and wear-corrosion synergy of high entropy alloys. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25867. [PMID: 38384552 PMCID: PMC10878931 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Wear (erosion/abrasion) and corrosion act in synergy in several industrial installations where corrosive fluids circulate together with a solid phase causing mutual damage. High entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising materials to be used in that type of environments because of their outstanding chemical, electrochemical and mechanical properties. While several review articles are currently available on corrosion, mechanical properties, development of HEAs, microstructure, and HEA coatings, there is an undeniable lack of a comprehensive and critical review focusing on the tribological behaviour and tribocorrosion of bulk HEAs. This work aims to collect, summarise, and critically review the major accomplishments and progresses of HEAs over the last 20 years dealing with wear, corrosion, and wear-corrosion resistance. It highlights the most significant aspects that can influence the performance of HEAs including the change of the base alloying elements, the influence of the temperature, heat treatment, and wear test parameters (load, velocity, duration, distance). Furthermore, operating mechanisms, together with the relationship between microstructure and wear resistance, and between microstructure and corrosion resistance will be described. Finally, the articles that have been reported in the literature dealing with tribocorrosion of HEAs will be reviewed. The results of this study are expected to guide potential researchers and provide them with the sum of current trends in HEAs in terms of corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the synergy of both, in the hope of helping them to make the right decision to design and develop new HEAs or improve the research on the existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Zirari
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory (HTMR), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Vera Trabadelo
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory (HTMR), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
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13
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Johannes N, Hertel S, Stoffel V, Hannig C, Basche S, Schmitt V, Flemming J, Hannig M. Impact of pH-adjusted fluoride and stannous solutions on the protective properties on the pellicle layer in vitro and in situ. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3378. [PMID: 38336814 PMCID: PMC10858267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the ideal pH for anti-erosion and anti-adherent efficacy of fluoride and stannous solutions (sodium fluoride (SF), amine fluoride (AF), sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP), stannous fluoride (SnF2) with 500 ppm fluoride concentration each and stannous chloride (SnCl2, 1563 ppm stannous)). In vitro, solutions were tested at pH 4.5 and 5.5. The main in situ experiments were carried out at the pH of 4.5: For pellicle formation 6 volunteers wore bovine enamel slabs intraorally for 1 min, rinsed with 8 ml solution for 1 min and continued for up to 30 min/8 h. Physiological pellicle samples served as controls. After incubation in HCl (2.0, 2.3) for 2 min mineral release was determined photometrically. Bacterial counts on 8 h biofilms were determined by fluorescence microscopy (BacLight™ and DAPI with Concanavalin A). Modification of the pellicle ultrastructure was examined by TEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests with Bonferroni-correction (p < 0.05). SnF2 showed a significant erosion protection. AF, SnF2, and SnCl2 were most anti-adherent. SnF2 and SnCl2 caused a pronounced basal pellicle with stannous precipitates. Compared to other fluoride monosubstances, stannous ions offer greater protection against erosive acidic attacks. Stannous ions act as crucial co-factor in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johannes
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Hertel
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - V Stoffel
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Basche
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Schmitt
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - J Flemming
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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Eshetu SB, Kipkulei HK, Koepke J, Kächele H, Sieber S, Löhr K. Impact of forest landscape restoration in combating soil erosion in the Lake Abaya catchment, Southern Ethiopia. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:228. [PMID: 38305922 PMCID: PMC10837221 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
As an effect of forest degradation, soil erosion is among Ethiopia's most pressing environmental challenges and a major threat to food security where it could potentially compromise the ecosystem functions and services. As the effects of soil erosion intensify, the landscape's capacity to support ecosystem functions and services is compromised. Exploring the ecological implications of soil erosion is crucial. This study investigated the soil loss and land degradation in the Lake Abaya catchment to explore forest landscape restoration (FLR) implementation as a possible countermeasure to the effects. The study used a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to determine the potential annual soil loss and develop an erosion risk map. Results show that 13% of the catchment, which accounts for approximately 110,000 ha, is under high erosion risk of exceeding the average annual tolerable soil loss of 10 t/ha/year. Allocation of land on steep slopes to crop production is the major reason for the calculated high erosion risk in the catchment. A scenario-based analysis was implemented following the slope-based land-use allocation proposal indicated in the Rural Land Use Proclamation 456/2005 of Ethiopia. The scenario analysis resulted in a reversal erosion effect whereby an estimated 3000 t/ha/year of soil loss in the catchment. Thus, FLR activities hold great potential for minimizing soil loss and contributing to supporting functioning and providing ecosystem services. Tree-based agroforestry systems are among the key FLR measures championed in highly degraded landscapes in Ethiopia. This study helps policymakers and FLR implementors identify erosion risk areas for future FLR activities. Thereby, it contributes to achieving the country's restoration commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibire Bekele Eshetu
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
- Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Agricultural Economics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr, 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Harison Kiplagat Kipkulei
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Agricultural Economics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr, 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Geomatic Engineering and Geospatial Information Systems, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julian Koepke
- Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Schicklerstraße 5, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Harald Kächele
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Schicklerstraße 5, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Agricultural Economics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr, 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Löhr
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Lentzeallee 55/57, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Cubello F, Polyakov V, Meding SM, Kadoya W, Beal S, Dontsova K. Movement of TNT and RDX from composition B detonation residues in solution and sediment during runoff. Chemosphere 2024; 350:141023. [PMID: 38141674 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Energetics used in military exercises can potentially contaminate ground and surface waters. This study was conducted to evaluate the movement of Composition B, a formulation that includes TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), and HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), in runoff. Mechanisms of transport we examined include movement of energetics dissolved in runoff, as particles and adsorbed to suspended sediment, and in infiltration. Rainfall simulations were conducted under controlled conditions with two rainfall rates (approximately 30 and 50 mm h-1), two soils with different infiltration capacities, and four energetic particle sizes (4.75-9.51 mm, 2.83-4.75 mm, 2-2.83 mm, and <2 mm). Particles remaining on the soil surface after rainfall were measured as well as energetics dissolved in runoff, in suspended sediment, and in infiltration. Greater concentrations of TNT than RDX and HMX were found dissolved in runoff due to its higher solubility and dissolution rates. We also found that particle transport in runoff increased with decrease in particle size. Smaller particle sizes also led to greater transport dissolved in solution. Relationships were found relating runoff and sediment yield to the transport of RDX and TNT. The results of this study allow improved prediction of Composition B transport in runoff and therefore its contamination potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favianna Cubello
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Viktor Polyakov
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ, 85718, USA
| | - Stephen Mercer Meding
- Biosphere 2, The University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Rd, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - Warren Kadoya
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, CRREL, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH, 03755-1290, USA
| | - Samuel Beal
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, CRREL, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH, 03755-1290, USA
| | - Katerina Dontsova
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Biosphere 2, The University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Rd, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
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16
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Deshmukh A, Desai PM, Ma C, Kushnir V, Eckhouse S, Dimou FM, McCarty TR, Bazarbashi AN. Endoscopic Management of Gastric Band Erosion: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2024; 34:494-502. [PMID: 38158502 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric band erosion may be seen in up to 3% of patients. Endoscopic intervention has become increasingly utilized due to its minimally invasive nature. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the role of endoscopic removal for eroded gastric bands. METHODS Individualized search strategies were developed for PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Outcomes included technical success, clinical success, procedure duration, adverse events, and surgical conversion. Pooled proportions were analyzed using random effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed with I2 statistics and funnel plot asymmetry using Egger and Begg tests. Meta-regression was also performed comparing outcomes by endoscopic tools. RESULTS Ten studies (n=282 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Mean age was 40.68±7.25 years with average duration of band placement of 38.49±19.88 months. Pre-operative BMI was 42.76±1.06 kg/m2 with BMI of 33.06±3.81 kg/m2 at time of band erosion treatment. Endoscopic removal was attempted in 240/282 (85.11%) of cases. Pooled technical and clinical success of the endoscopic therapy was 86.08% (95% CI: 79.42-90.83; I2=28.62%) and 85.34% (95% CI: 88.70-90.62; I2=38.56%), respectively. Mean procedure time for endoscopic removal was 46.47±11.52 min with an intra-operative adverse event rate of 4.15% (95% CI: 1.98-8.51; I2=0.00%). Post-procedure-associated adverse events occurred in 7.24% (CI: 4.46-11.55; I2=0.00%) of patients. Conversion to laparotomy/laparoscopy occurred in 10.54% (95% CI: 6.12-17.54) of cases. CONCLUSION Endoscopic intervention is a highly effective and safe modality for the treatment of gastric band erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Deshmukh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Parth M Desai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tower Health, Reading Hospital, Reading, PA, 19611, USA
| | - Christine Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vladimir Kushnir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Washington University, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shaina Eckhouse
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Francesca M Dimou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Thomas R McCarty
- Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ahmad Najdat Bazarbashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Washington University, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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17
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Marco-Méndez C, Marbà N, Amores Á, Romero J, Minguito-Frutos M, García M, Pagès JF, Prado P, Boada J, Sánchez-Lizaso JL, Ruiz JM, Muñoz-Ramos G, Sanmartí N, Mayol E, Buñuel X, Bernardeau-Esteller J, Navarro-Martinez PC, Marín-Guirao L, Morell C, Wesselmann M, Font R, Hendriks IE, Seglar X, Camps-Castella J, Bonfill E, Requena-Gutiérrez A, Blanco-Murillo F, Aguilar-Escribano J, Jimenez-Gutierrez S, Martínez-Vidal J, Guillén JE, Cefalì ME, Pérez M, Marcos M, Alcoverro T. Evaluating the extent and impact of the extreme Storm Gloria on Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168404. [PMID: 37939948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Extreme storms can trigger abrupt and often lasting changes in ecosystems by affecting foundational (habitat-forming) species. While the frequency and intensity of extreme events are projected to increase under climate change, its impacts on seagrass ecosystems remain poorly documented. In January 2020, the Spanish Mediterranean coast was hit by Storm Gloria, one of the most devastating recent climate events in terms of intensity and duration. We conducted rapid surveys of 42 Posidonia oceanica meadows across the region to evaluate the extent and type of impact (burial, unburial and uprooting). We investigated the significance of oceanographic (wave impact model), geomorphological (latitude, depth, exposure), and structural (patchiness) factors in predicting impact extent and intensity. The predominant impact of Storm Gloria was shoot unburial. More than half of the surveyed sites revealed recent unburial, with up to 40 cm of sediment removed, affecting over 50 % of the meadow. Burial, although less extensive, was still significant, with 10-80 % of meadow cover being buried under 7 cm of sediment, which is considered a survival threshold for P. oceanica. In addition, we observed evident signs of recently dead matte in some meadows and large amounts of detached drifting shoots on the sea bottom or accumulated as debris on the beaches. Crucially, exposed and patchy meadows were much more vulnerable to the overall impact than sheltered or continuous meadows. Given how slow P. oceanica is able to recover after disturbances, we state that it could take from decades to centuries for it to recoup its losses. Seagrass ecosystems play a vital role as coastal ecological infrastructure. Protecting vulnerable meadows from anthropogenic fragmentation is crucial for ensuring the resilience of these ecosystems in the face of the climate crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candela Marco-Méndez
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Carrer Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain.
| | - Núria Marbà
- Marine technologies, operational and coastal oceanography Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Ángel Amores
- Marine technologies, operational and coastal oceanography Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain; Department of Physics, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Javier Romero
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Secció d'Ecologia, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Minguito-Frutos
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Carrer Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - María García
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Carrer Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi F Pagès
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Carrer Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Patricia Prado
- IRTA, Aquatic ecosystems, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain; Institute of Environment and Marine Science Research (IMEDMAR-UCV), Universidad Católica de Valencia SVM, C/Explanada del Puerto S/n, 03710 Calpe, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jordi Boada
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Carrer Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Lizaso
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C/Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Neus Sanmartí
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Secció d'Ecologia, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Mayol
- Global Change Research Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marqués 21, c7190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Xavier Buñuel
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Carrer Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Jaime Bernardeau-Esteller
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C/Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Clemente Navarro-Martinez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C/Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C/Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morell
- Global Change Research Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marqués 21, c7190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Marlene Wesselmann
- Global Change Research Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marqués 21, c7190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Rita Font
- Global Change Research Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marqués 21, c7190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Iris E Hendriks
- Global Change Research Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marqués 21, c7190 Esporles, Spain
| | | | - Judith Camps-Castella
- IRTA, Aquatic ecosystems, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eli Bonfill
- Plàncton, Divulgació y Serveis Marins, Calle Número Vint-i-tres, 284, local 2 (Urb. Les 3 Cales), L'Ametlla de Mar, Spain
| | - Aurora Requena-Gutiérrez
- Plàncton, Divulgació y Serveis Marins, Calle Número Vint-i-tres, 284, local 2 (Urb. Les 3 Cales), L'Ametlla de Mar, Spain
| | - Fabio Blanco-Murillo
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Aguilar-Escribano
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Martínez-Vidal
- Institut de Ecología Litoral, Carrer de Sta. Teresa, 50, 03560 El Campello, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Eduardo Guillén
- Institut de Ecología Litoral, Carrer de Sta. Teresa, 50, 03560 El Campello, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Cefalì
- Estació d'Investigació Jaume Ferrer, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Mahón, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Secció d'Ecologia, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Marcos
- Marine technologies, operational and coastal oceanography Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain; Department of Physics, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Teresa Alcoverro
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Carrer Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain
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18
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Türk Y, Özçelik V, Akduman E. Capabilities of using UAVs and close range photogrammetry to determine short-term soil losses in forest road cut slopes in semi-arid mountainous areas. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:149. [PMID: 38221529 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The soil losses that are caused should be examined by monitoring the forest roads in the periods after they are built. In traditional soil loss determination studies that require intensive labour, due to difficulties in parcel setup, leaks from the connection points of the system, overflow of the material in the storage units and regular follow-up of the precipitation, etc., the system has its disadvantages. In this study, studies were carried out to evaluate the possibilities of using UAV and close range photogrammetry (CRP) methods, which are remote sensing techniques, and to determine the soil losses in forest road cut slopes in semi-arid mountainous areas. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are discussed. A 100-m section of the secondary forest road was chosen as the study area. Data acquisition was carried out by UAV and CRP methods in the period of May 2020-November 2020. In the results of the study, the volumetric deformation per unit area results, a - 0.0060 m3m-2 erosion amount and a 0.0046 m3m-2 accumulation amount were determined by UAV. In addition, in the photogrammetric method, a - 0.0050 m3m-2 erosion amount and a 0.0031 m3m-2 accumulation amount were found. When both methods were compared temporally, the processes took approximately 2 times longer in the CRP method. In addition, while the ground sampling distance of DEMs and orthophotos produced with the UAV was 2 cm, it was obtained as 1 cm in the CRP method and terrestrial receptions were found to be 2 times higher resolution. According to the results obtained, the CRP method gives results that are more accurate in such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yılmaz Türk
- Faculty of Forestry, Düzce University, Konuralp Campus, 81620, Düzce, Turkey.
| | - Vuralhan Özçelik
- Institute of Postgraduate Education, Düzce University, Konuralp Campus, 81620, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Akduman
- Faculty of Forestry, Düzce University, Konuralp Campus, 81620, Düzce, Turkey
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Li J, Jia Z, Kandakji T, Wang G, Xiao H. A methodology to prioritize ecosystem restoration of in-situ well pads in the Permian Basin of western Texas and southeastern New Mexico, USA. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167946. [PMID: 37865248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the mid-2000s, drilling and production of oil and gas activities have grown exponentially in the southwestern United States. The clearing of pre-existing vegetation and topsoil to build well pads is known to have a broad range of ecological, biological, hydrological, and health impacts, therefore ecosystem restoration of the well pads is generally required. This process, however, is often complicated by limited funding, various governing bodies and ownership, and frequent extreme weather events. To ensure that well pad construction does not result in damaging, irreversible environmental change in the region, a prioritization strategy is needed to maximize the effectiveness of restoration efforts. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology to prioritize well pads where ecosystem restoration is urgently needed. In this methodology, a set of locational soil (e.g., soil fragility, wind and water erodibility) and land cover (e.g., land cover, proximity to streams) attributes were derived from publicly available datasets and a restoration priority score system along with a weighting factor were assigned to individual attributes. Accordingly, a total restoration priority score (TRPS) was calculated for individual well pads. This methodology was applied to a dataset of >10,000 well pads located in the Permian Basin and the surrounding area. This method effectively filtered out a large number of sites with low TRPS, and identified a small portion of high-score, clustered well pads. The identification of such well pads makes the logistical challenge of targeted restoration much easier for stakeholders tasked with maximizing the effectiveness of restoration efforts with limited funding. Despite some known limitations and inaccuracies, this method is low-cost and can be easily adaptable to humid and sub-humid systems, and even to restoration relevant to non-oil and gas exploration activities, such as solar and wind development, in the southwestern United States and many other areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junran Li
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Zhimin Jia
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tarek Kandakji
- Yale School of Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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20
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Schestakow A, Rasputnis W, Hannig M. Effect of Polyphenols on the Ultrastructure of the Dentin Pellicle and Subsequent Erosion. Caries Res 2024; 58:81-89. [PMID: 38198764 PMCID: PMC10997275 DOI: 10.1159/000536199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erosive tooth wear is a highly prevalent dental condition that is modified by the ever-present salivary pellicle. The aim of the present in situ study was to investigate the effect of polyphenols on the ultrastructure of the pellicle formed on dentin in situ and a subsequent erosive challenge. METHODS The pellicle was formed on bovine dentin specimens for 3 min or 2 h in 3 subjects. After subjects rinsed with sterile water (negative control), 1% tannic acid, 1% hop extract, or tin/fluoride solution containing 800 ppm tin and 500 ppm fluoride (positive control), specimens were removed from the oral cavity. The erosive challenge was performed on half of the specimens with 1% citric acid, and all specimens were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Incorporation of tannic acid in the pellicle was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. RESULTS Compared to the negative control, ultrastructural analyses reveal a thicker and electron-denser pellicle after application of polyphenols, in which, according to spectroscopy, tannic acid is also incorporated. Application of citric acid resulted in demineralization of dentin, but to a lesser degree when the pellicle was pretreated with a tin/fluoride solution. The pellicle was more acid-resistant than the negative control when modified with polyphenols or tin/fluoride solution. CONCLUSION Polyphenols can have a substantial impact on the ultrastructure and acid resistance of the dentin pellicle, while the tin/fluoride solution showed explicit protection against erosive demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Schestakow
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wadim Rasputnis
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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21
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Heimann M, Hartmann M, Freise F, Kreienbrock L, Grosse Beilage E. Foot lesions and forelimb skin abrasions in suckling piglets: development and risk factors. Porcine Health Manag 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38178228 PMCID: PMC10768078 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot lesions in suckling piglets have been associated with poor flooring in several studies and were recently proposed to be indicative of swine inflammatory and necrosis syndrome. However, identical findings are also the typical outcome of various non-infectious causes; thus, further risk analysis is needed. The objective of this study was to describe the development of heel bruising, coronary band lesions and forelimb skin abrasion in suckling pigs up to 5 days of age. Furthermore, the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors were examined. On each of four commercial piglet-producing farms, piglets from two or three batches of eight sows were studied. The piglets were included within 18 h after birth. Each piglet was individually scored four times. The score for the heels differentiated six (0-5) and for the coronary band and forelimb skin abrasion three stages (0-2). The body weight was measured two times. The effect of the floor was estimated by allocating the sows randomly to farrowing pens equipped with either soft rubber mats covered with litter or fully slatted plastic floors. RESULTS The final analysis comprised data from 1045 piglets. Foot lesions were not found at birth but started to develop on day 1. On day 5, heel bruising was found in 94%, main claw coronary band lesions in 49% and forelimb skin abrasion in 73% of the piglets. In a multifactorial logistic regression analysis, it was shown that a slatted plastic floor significantly increased the odds of heel bruising and coronary band lesions, while a rubber floor with litter increased the odds of forelimb skin abrasions. CONCLUSION Foot and forelimb lesions in new-born piglets are mainly induced by the floor. The effect of slatted plastic floors on heel bruising showed an overwhelming OR of 52.89 (CI 26.29-106.43). Notably, coronary band lesions in young suckling piglets occur on slatted as well as non-slatted floors, indicating that the piglets incur these injuries not only from the wedging of their feet into the gaps between slats but also from contact with the floor while suckling. Based on these findings, preventive measures should be redirected to the improvement of the floor in the farrowing pen, particularly in the area under the sow's udder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Heimann
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buescheler Str. 9, 49456, Bakum, Germany
| | - Maria Hartmann
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fritjof Freise
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Grosse Beilage
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buescheler Str. 9, 49456, Bakum, Germany.
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22
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Ozdemir Isik O, Gokcen N, Temiz Karadag D, Yazici A, Cefle A. Radiological progression and predictive factors in psoriatic arthritis: insights from a decade-long retrospective cohort study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:259-267. [PMID: 38044416 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Radiological alterations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are an established phenomenon frequently observed throughout the disease course. Our goal was to investigate the changes in the bone structure of PsA patients by conventional radiography. METHODS This study designed as a retrospective cohort study and cross-sectional evaluation for disease activity. The disease activity and the severity of skin and nail involvement were assessed. The Simplified Psoriatic Arthritis Radiographic Score (SPARS) was used to investigate the radiological progression. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of radiological changes. RESULTS Joint space narrowing and bone proliferation in hands (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and joint space narrowing in feet (p = 0.047) were more common at the final evaluation than at the baseline assessment. Total scores of joint space narrowing and bone proliferation in hands and feet were higher at the last visit than at the initial assessment (p < 0.001). Male gender (p = 0.030, OR 4.32 (95%CI 1.15-16.15)], older age (for joint space narrowing [p = 0.026 OR 1.08 (95%CI 1.01-1.56)] and for proliferation [p = 0.025 OR 1.08 (95%CI 1.01-1.44)]), high Disease Activity index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) scores at baseline [p = 0.032 OR 6.21 (95%CI 1.17-32.92)], and symmetrical polyarticular involvement at baseline [p = 0.025 OR 5.3 (95% CI 1.23-22.4)] were found as predictors of structural changes. CONCLUSION By the end of the decade, joint space narrowing and proliferation were observed to be more common than erosion. Male gender, older age, higher initial DAPSA scores, and initial polyarticular involvement were identified as predictors of radiological damage. Key Points • The radiological changes of Psoriatic arthritis are a well-known entity. However, studies investigating the progression of joint involvement over time are scarce. • This study reveals that joint space narrowing and proliferation are the most prominent radiological alterations in Psoriatic Arthritis patients at the end of the decade. • Male gender, older age, higher baseline DAPSA scores, and initial polyarticular involvement are predictive factors influencing the progression of bone destruction in Psoriatic Arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ozdemir Isik
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Neslihan Gokcen
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Duygu Temiz Karadag
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayten Yazici
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayse Cefle
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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23
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Brown KC, Esnaola G, Morton JM. Complete Intra-Gastric Erosion of a Laparoscopic Vertical Gastric Clip. Obes Surg 2024; 34:290. [PMID: 38015331 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Brown
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, PO Box 208062, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Gabriela Esnaola
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, PO Box 208062, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John M Morton
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, PO Box 208062, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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24
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Heise KM, Miller S, Ptok M, Jungheim M. [Prevalence of mucosal injuries during flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in the presence of a nasogastric tube]. HNO 2024; 72:25-31. [PMID: 37796338 PMCID: PMC10781840 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an established low-risk examination method to assess the risk of penetration or aspiration in patients with dysphagia. FEES might be more difficult or of higher-risk when a nasogastric tube is in place. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify whether the prevalence of mucosal lesions is higher when the endoscopy is carried out with a nasogastric tube in place. Pre-existing mucosal lesions were also documented. METHODS In a retrospective, monocentric study, a total of 918 FEES procedures routinely performed in hospitalized patients of a university hospital from January 2014 to March 2019 were evaluated. Mucosal lesions were identified and characterized for descriptive statistics. RESULTS In the video material analysed here, no endoscopy-related injuries were identified. However, pre-existing mucosal lesions, which often occurred as multiple lesions, were detected in 48.6% of the endoscopies. Further analysis showed that these pre-existing lesions were not worsened by the endoscopy performed. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that transnasal flexible endoscopy is a safe, low-risk examination method, even in patients with a nasogastric tube. A very high number of pre-existing mucosal lesions were found, which is probably related to the previous insertion of the nasogastric tube. Due to the high number of pre-existing lesions, strategies should be developed to minimize injuries when placing nasogastric tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira-Milena Heise
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Simone Miller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - Martin Ptok
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Michael Jungheim
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
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25
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Levasseur PA, Aherne J, Basiliko N, Emilson EJS, Preston MD, Sager EPS, Watmough SA. Soil carbon pools and fluxes following the regreening of a mining and smelting degraded landscape. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166734. [PMID: 37673266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing forest cover by regreening mining and smelting degraded landscapes provides an opportunity for global carbon (C) sequestration, however, the reported effects of regreening on soil C processes are mixed. One of the world's largest regreening programs is in the City of Greater Sudbury, Canada and has been ongoing since 1978. Prior to regreening, soils in the City of Greater Sudbury area were highly eroded, acidic, rich in metals, and poor in nutrients. This study used a chronosequence approach to investigate how forest soil C pools and fluxes have changed with stand age in highly "eroded" sites with minimal soil cover (n = 6) and "stable" sites covered by soil (n = 6). Encouragingly, the relationship between stand age and soil C processes (litterfall, litter decomposition, soil respiration, fine root growth) at both stable and eroded sites were comparable to observations reported for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations that have not been subject to over a century of industrial impacts. There was a strong "home-field advantage" for local decomposers, where litter decomposition rates were higher using a site-specific pine litter compared with a common pine litter. Higher soil respiration at eroded sites was linked to higher soil temperature, likely because of a more open tree canopy. Forest floor C pools increased with stand age while mineral soil C and aggregate C concentrations decreased with stand age. This loss of soil C is small relative to the substantial increases in aboveground tree and forest floor C pools, leading to a sizeable increase in total ecosystem C pools following regreening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Levasseur
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
| | - Julian Aherne
- Trent School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Nathan Basiliko
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd., Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Erik J S Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Michael D Preston
- Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Eric P S Sager
- Trent School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- Trent School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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26
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Sittig S, Sur R. Runoff mitigation on agricultural fields via micro-dams - Literature review and derivation of runoff curve number reductions. Environ Res 2023; 238:117128. [PMID: 37716382 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Water runoff and soil erosion by water from agricultural fields lead to a loss of water available for plant growth, loss of topsoil and transport of plant protection products (PPPs), hence constituting contaminant pathways to adjacent surface water. Several mitigation measures are used, including small earthen dams or depressions, referred to as micro-dams. This practice has been applied worldwide since the 1930s. In the regulatory exposure assessment for the registration of PPPs, runoff curve numbers (CNs) are used in the PRZM model to quantify runoff and the effect of mitigation measures. An overview of the pertinent literature is presented to enlarge the knowledge base to give robust recommendations for the inclusion of the practice in the regulatory exposure assessment of PPPs. Literature on micro-dams was collected here in a review of the reported results from field trials in terms of runoff, erosion, and PPP transport mitigation. Selected data were further evaluated to derive runoff CNs. From 21 studies with 252 individual setups and trials, we derived a geometric mean reduction of runoff of 62% (42%-90%); results for maize and potatoes only were 62% (53%-73%) and 81% (71%-93%), respectively. Erosion was reduced by 73% (60%-90%; maize: 75% [63%-88%]; potatoes 89% [83%-97%]). From 19 studies with 246 individual setups and trials, the geometric mean of the CN reduction is 11% (4%-25%; maize: 7% [3%-17%], potatoes: 14% [6%-36%]). For PPP transport (5 studies; 10 different PPP), a geometric mean reduction of 67% (48%-94%) was derived (maize: 56% [38%-81%; 3 studies; 10 PPP]; potatoes: 91% [1 study; 4 PPP]). The application of micro-dams provides considerable reductions and can therefore be factored into the environmental exposure assessment by using percent reductions of runoff, erosion, and PPP transport or lowering the runoff CN in numerical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sittig
- Knoell Germany GmbH, Konrad-Zuse-Ring 25, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Robin Sur
- Bayer AG Crop Science Division, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
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27
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Chen CY. Assessing the impact of climatic factors on biosphere dose conversion factors in long-term safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal. J Environ Radioact 2023; 270:107302. [PMID: 37839155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate factors from different regions were employed to assess the impact on Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors (BDCF) in the biosphere assessment of radioactive waste disposal. Climate characteristics of tropical and subtropical regions were considered alongside diverse climatic regions, observing the influence of different radionuclides. Data on annual rainfall, monthly rainfall distribution, temperature, and sunlight were collected for various regions. The relationship between rainfall and the processes of flooding, as well as erosion, was also established. Furthermore, the Water Budget Model (WBM) was used to calculate the required surface water flow parameters for the biosphere model. The results indicated limited effects from flooding and erosion, which could be evaluated using simplified methods. Under conditions of high evapotranspiration, low rainfall, or uneven rainfall distribution, specific radionuclides exhibited higher BDCF values. For regions currently and prospectively aligning with these climate characteristics, a comprehensive investigation into climate factors and their correlation with surface and near-surface hydrology is recommended to mitigate uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yuan Chen
- Department of Nuclear Systems Engineering, National Atomic Research Institute, 1000, Wenhua Rd., Jiaan Village, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, 32546, Taiwan, ROC.
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28
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Vickery CE, Quinn JE. Climate-altered Precipitation is more Important than Land Use when Modeling Ecosystem Services Associated with Surficial Processes. Environ Manage 2023; 72:1216-1227. [PMID: 37500808 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem services (ESs) associated with surficial processes may change according to shifts in land use, land cover, and climate parameters. Estimating these shifts can be important for land development planning, as urbanization alters soil processes that can manifest legacy effects. We employed the InVEST suite of models for sediment retention, nutrient delivery, and carbon storage to postulate how these ESs will change in the Upstate of South Carolina under future precipitation and land use and land cover (LULC) scenarios. We used the average precipitation from 1981-2010 and WorldClim precipitation projections for 2021-2040 and 2041-2060 to embody climatic precipitation shifts. For our LULC scenarios, we used 2011 and 2016 NLCD landscapes, then projected future LULC to hypothesize four future scenarios. We found that for the ES models that included both precipitation and LULC as inputs, precipitation dictated ES delivery far more heavily than land use or land cover. LULC scenarios produced consistent changes in ES delivery for all models except sediment export. Phosphorus and sediment exports increased between 2011 and 2016 due to LULC change, while nitrogen export stayed the same and carbon storage decreased. Land development that prioritizes forest cover will cause the least change in ESs, but allowing for continued forest loss to low-density development will have the most intense implications for ESs. Prioritization of land uses that preserve ESs associated with surficial processes will be critical to the longevity of agriculture and ecosystem integrity in this rapidly developing region. Land development planners should integrate consideration of ESs associated with surficial processes into future regional planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Vickery
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Sustainability Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, USA.
| | - John E Quinn
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC, USA
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29
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Konishi T, Virmani R, Jinnouchi H, Kawai K, Sekimoto T, Kawakami R, Finn AV. Plaque histological characteristics in individuals with sudden coronary death. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107240. [PMID: 37898379 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death in the Western world in individuals >20 years of age. CAD is the most common substrate underlying sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the Western world, being responsible for 50-75% of SCDs. In individuals dying suddenly with coronary thrombosis, plaque rupture occurs in 65%, plaque erosion in 30% and calcified nodule in 5%. We evaluated the extent of calcification in radiographs of hearts from patients dying of SCD and showed that calcification is absent in nearly 50% of erosion cases whereas only 10% of plaque rupture show no calcification. Conversely, stable plaques with >75% cross-sectional area luminal narrowing show the severest calcification (moderate to severe) in nearly 50% of cases. Identifying individuals who are susceptible to atherosclerosis may help reduce the incidence of SCD. The identification of coronary calcifications by noninvasive tools, however, only captures a fraction of complicating coronary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Konishi
- CVPath Institute Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Renu Virmani
- CVPath Institute Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America.
| | | | - Kenji Kawai
- CVPath Institute Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Teruo Sekimoto
- CVPath Institute Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Rika Kawakami
- CVPath Institute Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Baltaci E, Bilmenoglu C, Ozgur O, Ozveren N. Effect of three different remineralising agents on prevention against acidic erosion of primary teeth: an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:651-659. [PMID: 37646903 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate and compare the protective effect of fluoride varnish (Enamelast™, Ultradent Inc., Cologne, Germany), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride/CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and self-assembling P11-4 peptide (Curodont™ Protect, Credentis AG, Windisch, Switzerland), against acidic erosion of primary teeth. METHODS Forty primary anterior teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): group 1: control, group 2: fluoride varnish, group 3: CPP-ACPF and group 4: self-assembling P11-4 peptide. After applying remineralising agents, except for the control group, all specimens underwent an erosive challenge of carbonated soft drink and artificial saliva for 15 cycles of 6 s each at 6-h intervals for a day. Groups were compared in terms of surface microhardness, roughness readings, and surface scanning with an extra-oral scanner (D800; 3Shape A/S) before and after the erosive process. RESULTS All experimental groups showed superior results than the control group regarding microhardness, surface roughness, and substance loss. The fluoride varnish group showed significantly favourable results in microhardness change. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups regarding surface roughness and enamel loss measurements. CONCLUSION 5% NaF fluoride varnish, CPP-ACPF and self-assembling P11-4 peptide protect the enamel of primary teeth against erosion compared to artificial saliva alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Baltaci
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - C Bilmenoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - O Ozgur
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - N Ozveren
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
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Angnuureng BD, Adade R, Chuku EO, Dzantor S, Brempong EK, Mattah PAD. Effects of coastal protection structures in controlling erosion and livelihoods. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20633. [PMID: 37817997 PMCID: PMC10560840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The fiscal and social cost of ameliorating the impact of coastal erosion resulting from climate change is an increasing burden for coastal states, and in developing nations the physical interventions implemented may present a double agony - increasing debt levels and potentially obstructing livelihoods in the rural coasts. Against this background, this study was conducted to explore the impact of hard-engineered coastal protection on coastal vulnerability and community livelihoods in Ghana using a combination of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), geographic information system tools and social survey. Shoreline change analysis by the application of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) with aerial photographs from 2005 to 2022 reveals an average statistical rate of change of -1 m/year in shoreline erosion of the beaches. A computation of coastal vulnerability indices for fourteen beaches, incorporating coastal protection as an additional parameter shows that from east to west, hard-engineered coastal protection structures slowed the rate of erosion, whereas unprotected beaches have highly eroded, stressing the importance of coastal protection. In consequence, coastal protection has dire livelihood-reduction implications for coastal inhabitants who are predominantly artisanal fishers. A lack of acceptable consultation with the communities exacerbates the effects from these hard-engineering interventions. The beaches of high vulnerability concerns are Dzita, Ada, Sakumono, Glefe, Apam, Anlo, and Busua. To safeguard the livelihoods of vulnerable coastal communities, we support a shift from hard engineering to more integrated and nature-based coastal management approaches on a national scale since most parts of the coast are now susceptible to erosion in contrast to what was previously observed that only the eastern part of the coast was highly vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapentire Donatus Angnuureng
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Centre for Coastal Management, SBS, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Richard Adade
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Centre for Coastal Management, SBS, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Obeng Chuku
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Centre for Coastal Management, SBS, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Selorm Dzantor
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Centre for Coastal Management, SBS, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Kwadzo Brempong
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Centre for Coastal Management, SBS, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- LEGOS (University of Toulouse/CNRS/IRD/CNES), Toulouse, France
| | - Precious Agbeko Dzorgbe Mattah
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Centre for Coastal Management, SBS, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Aili A, Li X, Abudureyimu K. Intra-jejunal migration with intestinal obstruction and perforation after gastric banding: A case report. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20756. [PMID: 37860574 PMCID: PMC10582381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is an approved procedure in bariatric surgery. However, serious complications due to band erosion have been reported. There have been few reports of intestinal obstruction and perforation caused by gastric banding invading the gastric wall and migrating to the jejunum. Case introduction: A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with right lower abdominal pain ten years after LAGB surgery. An intraoperative gastric band showed erosion of the gastric wall and movement down to the jejunum, resulting in intestinal obstruction and jejunal perforation. Conclusion: Patients should undergo regular outpatient gastroscopic follow-up after gastric band surgery to prevent serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikebaier Aili
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China
- Institute of General Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China
- Clinical Research Center for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Kelimu Abudureyimu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China
- Institute of General Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China
- Clinical Research Center for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China
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Saha S, Chopra A, Kamath SU, Kashyap NN. Can acid produced from probiotic bacteria alter the surface roughness, microhardness, and elemental composition of enamel? An in vitro study. Odontology 2023; 111:929-941. [PMID: 36995435 PMCID: PMC10492682 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that upon administration in adequate amounts provide various health benefits to the host. Probiotics are "lactic acid-producing bacteria" as they release large amounts of organic acids, particularly lactic acids, in their surrounding environment. Although the acids produced by probiotics are beneficial for gastrointestinal and vaginal health, the acidogenic nature of probiotics has raised concerns among dental professionals, especially concerning their effect on the enamel and dentin. Previous studies have found that probiotics can lower the pH of the saliva and cause essential elements like Calcium and Phosphorus to leach from the enamel. This can alter the surface topography of enamel and increase the risk of enamel defects. Studies have also noted that probiotic bacteria can replace cariogenic bacteria and lower the risk of tooth decay. However, the effect of acid produced by probiotics on the enamel surface remains unclear. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the surface roughness, microhardness, and elemental composition of enamel compared to 0.1 M Lactic acid (demineralizing agent). Twenty enamel sections were randomly divided into groups and subjected to a pH cycling model using a probiotic suspension and 0.1 M lactic acid. The changes in the surface roughness, microhardness, surface morphology, and elemental composition of the enamel with regard to Carbon, Oxygen, Sodium, Hydrogen, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, Chlorine, and Calcium of the enamel were evaluated before and after the emersion in both the groups. The results showed a significant increase in the mean surface roughness in the probiotic group before and after the exposure. The microhardness of the enamel decreased along with altered arrangement of the enamel prisms, increased striations, scratch marks, and pitting after exposure to the probiotic group. A decrease in the atomic/weight% for Calcium, Phosphorous, Fluoride, Aluminium, and Oxygen and an increase in the weight/atomic% for Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sodium were noted compared to the baseline in the probiotic solution. The results in the probiotic group were comparable to the 0.1 M lactic acids. The pH changed from 5.78 to 3.06 at the end of 24 h in the probiotic group. Based on these findings, we conclude that exposure to probiotics can affect microhardness and surface roughness and cause leaching of essential elements like Calcium and Phosphorous from the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Saha
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Shobha Ullas Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Namita N Kashyap
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
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Jiemkim A, Tharapiwattananon T, Songsiripradubboon S. Combined use of stannous fluoride-containing mouth rinse and toothpaste prevents enamel erosion in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5189-5201. [PMID: 37432505 PMCID: PMC10492772 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the protective effect of commercial stannous-containing mouth rinses on enamel erosion in a simulated 5-day in vitro cycling model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 81 human enamel specimens were embedded in resin blocks and divided into nine groups as follows; group 1: stannous fluoride (1000SnF2) toothpaste; groups 2,3, and 4 were the same as group 1 plus Elmex®, PerioMed™, and Meridol®, respectively, group 5: stannous fluoride (1450SnF2) toothpaste, groups 6, 7, and 8 were the same as group 5 plus Elmex®, PerioMed™, and Meridol®, respectively, group 9: negative control. An erosive challenge was induced with a 1 min hydrochloric acid (0.01 M, pH 2.2) treatment 3 times per day. Each cycle included immersing in the toothpaste slurry twice for two minutes and a one-minute rinse. The enamel slabs were immersed in artificial saliva between each erosive cycle and incubated overnight at 37 °C. Surface hardness loss and enamel loss were determined by Knoop surface hardness and non-contact profilometry, respectively. Finally, enamel surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). RESULTS All three mouth rinses had similar protective effects against erosion when using adjunct with 1000 SnF2 toothpaste (p > 0.05). With 1450 SnF2 toothpaste, Elmex® presented significantly lower surface hardness loss than Meridol® (p < 0.05). The combined use of Elmex® or PerioMed™ with toothpaste provided significantly better erosion protection than toothpaste alone, either 1000 or 1450 SnF2. In addition, 1000SnF2 toothpaste adjunct with mouth rinse is comparable to 1450 SnF2 toothpaste alone in preventing enamel erosion. CONCLUSION All three mouth rinses reduced enamel erosion. The additional use of a high concentration stannous containing mouth rinse with 1450 SnF2 toothpaste increases the protective effect against enamel erosion in vitro. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE To date, no standard protocol for preventing dental erosion is available. There are three stannous-containing mouth rinses on the market; however, no study compared their efficacy or indicated whether using adjuncts with anti-erosion toothpaste provides additional benefits. This study found that adding stannous mouth rinse to twice-daily toothpaste increases erosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichaya Jiemkim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri Dunant, Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thipawan Tharapiwattananon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri Dunant, Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Songsiripradubboon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri Dunant, Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Zhao W, Gao W, Li D, Jin L, Wu X, Liu H, Wang L, Zhao Y, Liu X, Chen P, Dong G. Management of esophagogastric fistula caused by adjustable gastric band erosion: A case report and literature review. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:428-431. [PMID: 37739856 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is commonly used in the treatment of morbid obesity. However, with clinical application and long-term follow-up, the shortcomings of this procedure were also exposed, bringing about surgery-related complications include dysphagia, intragastric band migration, slippage, and gastric band erosion. Lower esophageal and gastric fistula is a rare but dangerous complication after LAGB. We describe a case of esophagogastric fistula occurring twelve years after a laparoscopic band procedure and its successful management in a multidisciplinary and staged manner, followed by a short review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Dingchang Li
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lujia Jin
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - XianSheng Wu
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of Urology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xianqiang Liu
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Guanglong Dong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Jadeja SP, LeBlanc A, O'Toole S, Austin RS, Bartlett D. The subsurface lesion in erosive tooth wear. J Dent 2023; 136:104652. [PMID: 37544352 PMCID: PMC10837081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the surface change on natural and polished enamel exposed to a joint mechanical and chemical wear regimen. METHODS Human enamel samples were randomly assigned to natural (n = 30) or polished (n = 30) groups, subjected to erosion (n = 10, 0.3% citric acid, 5 min), abrasion (n = 10, 30 s), or a combination (n = 10). Wear in the form of step height was measured with a non-contact profilometer, and surface changes were inspected with SEM on selected sections. Data was normalised and underwent repeated measures MANOVA, accounting for substrate and erosive challenge as independent variables, with Bonferroni correction for significant post hoc interactions. RESULTS After four cycles, polished samples had mean step heights of 3.08 (0.40) μm after erosion and 4.08 (0.37) μm after erosion/abrasion. For natural samples, these measurements were 1.52 (0.22) μm and 3.62 (0.39) μm, respectively. Natural surfaces displayed less wear than polished surfaces under erosion-only conditions (p<0.0001), but the difference disappeared with added abrasion. SEM revealed a shallow subsurface layer for polished surfaces and natural ones undergoing only erosion. However, natural surfaces exposed to both erosion and abrasion showed deeper subsurface changes up to 50 µm. CONCLUSION Natural enamel, when exposed to erosion alone, showed less wear and minimal subsurface alterations. But with added abrasion, natural enamel surfaces saw increased wear and notable subsurface changes compared to polished ones. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The pronounced subsurface lesions observed on eroded/abraded natural enamel surfaces highlight how combined wear challenges may accelerate tooth tissue loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Jadeja
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - A LeBlanc
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - S O'Toole
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - R S Austin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - D Bartlett
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Pombo M, Cornwell T, Turra A. Beach morphodynamics modulate the effects of multidirectional habitat loss on population density and size structure of the Atlantic ghost crab Ocypode quadrata. Mar Environ Res 2023; 190:106107. [PMID: 37540961 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Sandy beaches are land-sea transitional habitats experiencing 'multidirectional' habitat loss due to coastal developments (e.g. armoring and/or conversion of natural vegetation into manmade structures) and beach erosion. This 'coastal squeeze' is a chronic and progressive process; however, its impacts on beach biodiversity across morphodynamic gradients are still to be unveiled. We hypothesized that the effects of multidirectional habitat loss would be more severe on dissipative than on reflective beaches, due to the higher elevation, amount of built up sediment, and width of the backshore compartment of the latter. We, thus, examined the effects of coastal developments and erosion on density and size structure of the Atlantic ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata, on beaches with different morphodynamics. Given that the living area of ghost crabs spans all cross-shore compartments and the whole dissipative-to-reflective morphodynamic gradient, they are appropriate organisms to access the synergic effects of coastal developments and beach erosion under different morphodynamic regimes. On dissipative beaches, density and mean crab size increased with moderate erosion, attributed to the effects of space loss, which might increase territorial competition, favoring the remaining larger individuals. However, mean size and density decreased with high erosion given the more intense reduction in the abundance of large-sized crabs living in up-shore habitats. Mean crab size also decreased in the presence of coastal development while crab density did not vary with loss of backshore habitats occupied by larger individuals. On reflective beaches, both density and crab size decreased with coastal development; the crab size decrease recorded under moderate erosion was more evident in the presence of coastal development. Under high erosion, mean crab sizes declined, reflecting those under low erosion conditions. Overall, populations on reflective beaches appeared more resilient to extreme erosion. Notwithstanding, coastal developments affected population structure across all beach types, and especially in areas subjected to high erosion, exhibiting a synergic effect. We predict that, in combination, these stressors may lead to functionally extinct populations where conditions necessary for individuals to reach sexual maturity (i.e. occurrence of only small-sized and immature individuals) are not met. Thus, the connectivity between water, beach compartments and dunes/coastal plain, on both local and regional scales, may be essential to maintain viable and connected populations of ghost crabs. Further, our results strongly suggest that both size and density (complemented with crab abundance) must be considered equally important and in combination in future efforts to assess anthropogenic stressors on ghost crab populations and when guiding conservation strategies and policies to prevent their local and regional extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Pombo
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tomas Cornwell
- St Eustatius National Parks Foundation, Oranjebaaiweg 59, St Eustatius, the Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Schindler R, Whitehouse R, Harris J. Sticky stuff: biological cohesion for scour and erosion prevention. Environ Technol 2023; 44:3161-3175. [PMID: 35392768 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2052362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the potential for biological cohesion to arrest scour erosion at marine infrastructure. Biological cohesion occurs naturally in sedimentary environments, and is caused by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which result from the life cycles of microorganisms. EPS is known to dramatically increase the resistance of natural biomediated sediment to erosive hydrodynamic forces. In this study, we test, for the first time, whether EPS can be deliberately added to a sediment to mitigate against scour erosion - a process we term 'biostabilisation'. A systematic laboratory experiment is used to investigate the effects of an EPS additive on scour erosion around a monopile in a sand substrate. Results show that increasing EPS content causes a progressive reduction in equilibrium scour depth, the volume of excavated material and the timescale required to reach equilibrium scour morphology. These parameters are linearly related to EPS content, showing that the effects of EPS on the physical processes required for erosion to occur are concentration dependent. It can be concluded that biostabilisation offers a potential new ecologically engineered, nature-based solution to a range of scour and erosion scenarios. The economic and environmental advantages are discussed, and a methodology for biostabilisation use in individual erosion mitigation scenarios is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Schindler
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - John Harris
- Coasts & Oceans, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, UK
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Aeman H, Shu H, Abbas S, Aisha H, Usman M. Sinking delta: Quantifying the impacts of saltwater intrusion in the Indus Delta of Pakistan. Sci Total Environ 2023; 880:163356. [PMID: 37030381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on an integrated assessment of coastline change and its impacts on the deltaic sustainability of the Indus Delta, the world's fifth-largest delta. The increase in salinity and degradation of mangrove habitat was examined using multi-temporal Landsat satellite imagery from 1990 to 2020. The tasselled cap transformation indices, multi-statistical End Point Rate and Linear Regression were used to extract the shorelines rates. Mangrove cover area was estimated by applying the Random Forest clasification approach. Impacts of coastal erosion on mangroves and sea-water salinity were determined through the association between electrical conductivity and vegetation soil salinity index (VSSI). The accuracy of the analysis was evaluated using ground truth information obtained from field surveys and Fixed-Point Photography. Major findings of the analysis indicate that the North-West Karachi experienced accretion at an average rate of 7.28 ± 1.15 m/year, with medium salinity (VSSI<0.81) and increased mangrove cover, from 11.0 km2 area in 1990 to 14.5 km2 in 2020. However, the Western Delta has undergone massive erosion at a mean rate of -10.09 ± 1.61 m/year with obtrusive salinity (0.7 ≤ VSSI ≤ 1.2) and 70 km2 of mangrove cover loss. In the Middle West Delta and Middle East Delta erosion is observed at an average rate of -28.45 ± 0.55 m/year rate, with high obtrusive salinity (0.43 ≤ VSSI ≥ 1.32) and rapid mangroves cover loss (14 km2). The Eastern Delta was relatively stable and accelerating towards the sea with increasing mangrove cover (629 km2). Our analysis revealed that erosion, which occured due to reduced sediments flow linked to development of water infrastructures as well as climate change, have serious implications for the ecosystem. Future policy and action-plans should priotitise addressing vulnerabilities by integrate nature-based solutions for revival of the Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Aeman
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Hong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, China
| | - Sawaid Abbas
- Smart Sensing for Climate and Development, Center for Geographical Information System, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Hamera Aisha
- World Wide Fund for Nature - Pakistan (WWF-Pakistan), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Smart Sensing for Climate and Development, Center for Geographical Information System, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Alam S, Hasan F, Debnath M, Rahman A. Morphology and land use change analysis of lower Padma River floodplain of Bangladesh. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:886. [PMID: 37358657 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh, the largest delta in the world, is situated over the flow of more than 700 rivers. The Ganges is a transboundary river, and it takes the Padma after meeting Jamuna near Aricha. The Padma River's morphology and hydraulic parameters are so dynamic that it erodes a large portion of land every year. However, the situation of erosion has been very threatening since 2014 which is almost the same period when the construction of the Padma Bridge started. Our Study on the erosion-accretion rate and bar dynamics of the selected reach of Padma River shows that the downstream right bank of this river lost around 134.85 sq. km of land between 2003 and 2021. The total bar area has also increased to 76.8%. Land use land classification (LULC) analysis was done for the years 2003, 2009, 2015, and 2021 to predict how the river might act in the future. For this prediction, artificial neural network (ANN) system has been used, and the predicted land use map was generated for 2027. The current kappa validation was 0.869, and the accuracy of the prediction was 87.05%. This study aims at analyzing the current morphological condition and its connection to the construction of the Padma Bridge and also predicts how the lower Padma River might act in near future. According to the study findings, in absence of prompt and appropriate measures, this country is highly susceptible to experiencing catastrophic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siam Alam
- Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
- Water Resources Management, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Fuad Hasan
- Engineering Science Program, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Department of Environmental, Water Resources, and Coastal Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohana Debnath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Afeefa Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
- Department of Water Resources Engineering (WRE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Pulley S, Collins AL. Using the colour of recent overbank sediment deposits in two large catchments to determine sediment sources for targeting mitigation of catchment-specific management issues. J Environ Manage 2023; 336:117657. [PMID: 36878061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effective management of sediment losses in large river systems is essential for maintaining the water resources and ecosystem services they provide. However, budgetary, and logistical constraints often mean that the understanding of catchment sediment dynamics necessary to deliver targeted management is unavailable. This study trials the collection of accessible recently deposited overbank sediment and the measurement of its colour using an office document scanner to identify the evolution of sediment sources rapidly and inexpensively in two large river catchments in the UK. The River Wye catchment has experienced significant clean-up costs associated with post-flood fine sediment deposits in both rural and urban areas. In the River South Tyne, fine sand is fouling potable water extraction and fine silts degrade salmonid spawning habitats. In both catchments, samples of recently deposited overbank sediment were collected, fractionated to either <25 μm or 63-250 μm, and treated with hydrogen peroxide to remove organic matter before colour measurement. In the River Wye catchment, an increased contribution from sources over the geological units present in a downstream direction was identified and was attributed to an increasing proportion of arable land. Numerous tributaries draining different geologies allowed for overbank sediment to characterise material on this basis. In the River South Tyne catchment, a downstream change in sediment source was initially found. The River East Allen was identified as a representative and practical tributary sub-catchment for further investigation. The collection of samples of channel bank material and topsoils therein allowed channel banks to be identified as the dominant sediment source with an increasing but small contribution from topsoils in a downstream direction. In both study catchments, the colour of overbank sediments could quickly and inexpensively inform the improved targeting of catchment management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pulley
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - A L Collins
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK.
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Schlenz MA, Schlenz MB, Wöstmann B, Glatt AS, Ganss C. Intraoral scanner-based monitoring of tooth wear in young adults: 24-month results. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2775-2785. [PMID: 36625960 PMCID: PMC10264267 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tooth wear causes irreversible cumulated surface loss and already occurs at a young age. Therefore, the objective of this clinical prospective observational study was to monitor the occlusal surface of a mandibular first molar in young adults for a period of 24 months. Furthermore, potential aetiological factors obtained by a questionnaire were considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study teeth (FDI #36 or #46) of 81 participants (mean age 22.8 ± 2.2 years) were scanned with the intraoral scanner (IOS, Trios 3, 3Shape) at the second follow-up (T2) after an observation period of 24 months. Standard-tessellation-language datasets were superimposed with baseline (T0) and T2 scans in 3D analysis software (GOM Inspect). The maximum vertical substance loss was measured between T0 and T2 at 6/7 areas (4/5 cusps and 2 ridges) of each study tooth and data compared to the already published data of the first follow-up (T1) after 12-month observation period. The morphology of tooth wear was classified into three groups: cupping (C), facet (F) and combined cupping-facet (CF). The analysis of aetiological factors, such as acid impacts, was based on a questionnaire filled out by participants at time points T0, T1 and T2. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS The buccal load-bearing cusps (mesiobuccal: median 15 μm, 95%CI 11/18 μm; mesiolingual 8 μm, 0/11 μm) were most affected by tooth wear. Loss values increased significantly at T2 compared to T1 for all areas, although significantly less than in the first 12 months (T0-T1). Areas that already exhibited F at T0 mostly displayed them also at T2 and only rarely developed further into C or CF. The only association between aetiological factors and loss values could be detected for sex as males had significantly higher loss values than females. CONCLUSIONS Progression of tooth wear could be clearly shown with high interindividual variations in loss values among participants. This indicates the need for individual monitoring with IOS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE IOSs show the potential for patient-specific monitoring to detect the progression of tooth wear. Thus, data of 24 months fills the gap of tooth wear data for young adults in literature. Further studies over a longer observation period are highly recommended to gain more information about the dynamic of tooth wear and aetiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliane Amelie Schlenz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Moritz Benedikt Schlenz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wöstmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna Sophia Glatt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carolina Ganss
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section Cariology, Dental Clinic of the Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Mahdinia E, Shokri N, Taheri AT, Asgharzadeh S, Elahimanesh M, Najafi M. Cellular crosstalk in atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:125. [PMID: 37254185 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an underlying pathology of many vascular diseases as a result of cellular, structural and molecular dysfunctions within the sub-endothelial space. This review deals with the events involved in the formation, growth and remodeling of plaque, including the cell recruitment, cell polarization, and cell fat droplets. It also describes cross talking between endothelial cells, macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as the cellular pathways involved in plaque development in the plaque microenvironment. Finally, it describes the plaque structural components and the role of factors involved in the rupture and erosion of plaques in the vessel. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Mahdinia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Talebi Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Asgharzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ghazvin University of Medical Sciences, Ghazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Elahimanesh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbial Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sankey JB, East A, Fairley HC, Caster J, Dierker J, Brennan E, Pilkington L, Bransky N, Kasprak A. Archaeological sites in Grand Canyon National Park along the Colorado River are eroding owing to six decades of Glen Canyon Dam operations. J Environ Manage 2023; 342:118036. [PMID: 37182479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The archaeological record documenting human history in deserts is commonly concentrated along rivers in terraces or other landforms built by river sediment deposits. Today that record is at risk in many river valleys owing to human resource and infrastructure development activities, including the construction and operation of dams. We assessed the effects of the operations of Glen Canyon Dam - which, since its closure in 1963, has imposed drastic changes to flow, sediment supply and distribution, and riparian vegetation - on a population of 362 archaeological sites in the Colorado River corridor through Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. We leverage 50 years of evidence from aerial photographs and more than 30 years of field observations and measurements of archaeological-site topography and wind patterns to evaluate changes in the physical integrity of archaeological sites using two geomorphology-based site classification systems. We find that most archaeological sites are eroding; moreover, most are at increased risk of continuing to erode, due to six decades of operations of Glen Canyon Dam. Results show that the wind-driven (aeolian) supply of river-sourced sand, essential for covering archaeological sites and protecting them from erosion, has decreased for most sites since 1973 owing to effects of long-term dam operations on river sediment supply and riparian vegetation expansion on sandbars. Results show that the proportion of sites affected by erosion from gullies controlled by the local base-level of the Colorado River has increased since 2000. These changes to landscape processes affecting archaeological site integrity limit the ability of the National Park Service and Grand Canyon-affiliated Native American Tribes to achieve environmental management goals to maintain or improve site integrity in situ. We identify three environmental management opportunities that could be used to a greater extent to decrease the risk of erosion and increase the potential for in-situ preservation of archaeological sites. Environmental management opportunities are: 1) sediment-rich controlled river floods to increase the aeolian supply of river-sourced sand, 2) extended periods of low river flow to increase the aeolian supply of river-sourced sand, 3) the removal of riparian vegetation barriers to the aeolian transport of river-sourced sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel B Sankey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
| | - Amy East
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Helen C Fairley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua Caster
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Dierker
- U.S. National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ellen Brennan
- U.S. National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Lonnie Pilkington
- U.S. National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Nathaniel Bransky
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Alan Kasprak
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; Fort Lewis College, Geosciences Department and Four Corners Water Center, Durango, CO, USA
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De Deckker P, Hancock GJ, Olley JM, Stanley S, Hope G. The effect of the introduction of livestock on the erosion of alpine soils: a comparison of five dating techniques applied to sediments of the Australian alpine Blue Lake. J Paleolimnol 2023; 70:1-17. [PMID: 37361252 PMCID: PMC10164618 DOI: 10.1007/s10933-023-00284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
210Pb and 137Cs dating of bulk sediments obtained from the alpine Blue Lake, located in the Snowy Mountains of southeastern Australia, was applied here to date recent lacustrine sediments. In addition, the presence of Pinus pollen (a taxon introduced in Australia about 150 years ago) down to a sediment depth of 56 cm in the core is used to obtain a chronology for the upper part of the core. Accelerated Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dates obtained from organic muds from the same core do not agree with the chronology constructed using the three other dating techniques. In addition, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of single quartz grains, from sediment-core samples collected from the same lake, was applied to date recent lacustrine sediments. The optical age of 185 ± 20 years for a sample at 60-62 cm depth, and 470 ± 50 years at 116-118 cm depth are well over 1000 years younger than the ages inferred from radiocarbon dates. We therefore infer that the 'old' radiocarbon ages result from carbon stored for considerable time within the catchment prior to its transport and deposition on the lake floor. As plant decomposition occurs at much slower rates in high altitude environments, these results bring into question the veracity of previously published radiocarbon dates from Blue Lake and alpine lake sediments in general. The deposition ages inferred from the 210Pb-137Cs and OSL dating, and the first appearance of Pinus pollen, indicate that for the 100-year period after European settlement (from the mid 1800s to early 1900s) the sediment-accumulation rate increased by a factor of about 2, from 0.19 ± 0.01 cm yr-1 to 0.35 ± 0.02 cm yr-1. In the 1900s the accumulation rate increased further to 0.60 cm yr-1. The accumulation rate was particularly rapid in the 20-year period from 1940-1960, reaching a rate 18 times higher than the pre-European rate in the mid-1950s. The increase in sedimentation rate is attributed to changes in land use resulting from European activities in the lake catchment, primarily through sheep and cattle grazing in the Blue Lake catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick De Deckker
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Gary J. Hancock
- Formerly of CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jon M. Olley
- Formerly of CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Environment and Science - Forensics and Archaeology, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Shawn Stanley
- Formerly of Department of Geology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017 USA
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Makhtoumi Y, Abbasi A, Seyedmakhtoom B, Ibeanusi V, Chen G. Evaluating soil loss under land use management and extreme rainfall. J Contam Hydrol 2023; 256:104181. [PMID: 37058854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Topsoil loss is a widespread environmental concern causing adverse impacts on natural and human systems. Severe weather accompanied with human activities can exacerbate this issue degrading soil health and consequently accelerating global and regional food insecurity. Erosion impairs soil physical and chemical properties such as infiltration rate, water holding capacity, loss of nutrients including soil carbon and nitrogen. Although, temporal properties of a rainfall event have meaningful implications, spatial heterogeneity of a rainfall contributes substantially and cannot be overlooked. Therefore, in this study, we investigated soil loss using weather radar NEXRAD data. We developed extreme rainfall (ER) scenarios and land use practices (nomgt, S0, S1, S2, and S3) and evaluated the watershed response. We found that grazing can manifold soil loss, and if accompanied with extreme rainfalls, soil loss accelerates impacting different subbasins each time. Our results suggest that spatial heterogeneity of ERs can be more significant in individual extreme rainfalls, however, over a year, soil moisture and type of the management practices (grazing and farming) could contribute more to topsoil loss. We classified watershed subbasins into different classes of soil loss severity to determine the soil loss hotspots. Soil loss can go as high as 350 (ton/ha/yr) under the ERs. Land use practices can increase erosion by 3600%. Slight increase in rainfall concentration (S1) can put vulnerable subbasins in extremely severe class (>150 ton/ha/yr). Under moderate increase in the rainfall concentration (S2) more subbasins fall into extremely severe category yielding approximately 200 ton/ha/yr. Under high increase in rainfall concentration (S3) almost all the subbasins fall into the extremely severe class yielding >200 ton/ha/yr. We found that in vulnerable subbasins, up to 10% increase in (Concentration Ratio Index) CI can increase annual soil loss up to 75%. Single ER can generate up to 35% of annual soil loss. Under one ER event soil loss hotspot subbasins can lose up to 160 ton/ha/day. 32% and 80% increase in rainfall amount for an ER event can increase soil loss by 94% and 285% respectively. The results, also, reveal that grazing and farming can be responsible for up 50% of soil loss. Our findings indicate the importance of site-specific managements to mitigate soil loss and all the consequences. Our study can help in better soil loss management implementation. Insights of our study may also help in water quality control and flood mitigation planning efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Makhtoumi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Baset Seyedmakhtoom
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1363, Iran.
| | - Victor Ibeanusi
- School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
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Forster NA, Wilson SC, Tighe MK. Microplastic surface retention and mobility on hiking trails. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:46368-46382. [PMID: 36717419 PMCID: PMC10097793 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hiking and trail running are a source of microplastic (MP) pollution on recreational trails in wilderness and conservation areas; however, the fate of MPs deposited on trails is poorly understood as MP mobility on such surfaces has not yet been examined. In this study, we simulated heavy rainfall (100 mm/h) on trail surfaces with existing MP pollution (in situ MPs) and spiked with 99 ± 2 rubber MPs (100-940 μm). Runoff was collected for 15 min and spiked and in situ MPs were quantified. Hydrological, erosional and microplastic responses were evaluated in relation to slope, bulk density, soil moisture and surface condition indicators, including amounts and types of surface cover and soil physical attributes. The MPs were largely immobile, with 85-100% of spiked MPs retained on trail surfaces. In situ MPs were detected in the trail runoff, with the majority being polyurethane, polypropylene and polyester. Microplastic movement was primarily influenced by hydrological effects, and analysis indicated the main explanatory variable was total runoff volume, followed by soil slaking. Trail sections with at least 15% herbaceous cover or a layer of loose alluvium had higher MP retention. Areas of resource accrual may be preferentially enriched, suggesting MPs from outdoor recreation may be concentrated on and adjacent to recreational trails. Microplastics deposited on trails may have long term implications for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in wilderness and conservation areas, particularly around the trail corridor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ann Forster
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351 Australia
| | - Susan Caroline Wilson
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351 Australia
| | - Matthew Kevin Tighe
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351 Australia
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Yang H, Lin XJ, Liu Q, Yu H. Effects of protease inhibitors on dentin erosion: an in situ study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1005-1012. [PMID: 35925407 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04657-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in situ study aimed to evaluate the effects of the inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins on dentin erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten volunteers participated in this study. Each volunteer wore an intraoral appliance containing 4 dentin specimens subjected to different treatments: deionized water as a control, 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline (an MMP inhibitor), 50 µM E-64 (a cysteine cathepsin inhibitor), and 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline + 50 µM E-64. The specimens were dipped in 5 ml of the respective solutions for 30 min at room temperature and then exposed to in vivo erosive challenges by rinsing with 150 ml of a cola drink (4 × 5 min/day) for 7 days. The substance loss of the specimens was measured by profilometry. The transverse sections of the specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Thereafter, the demineralized organic matrix (DOM) of the specimens was removed using type I collagen enzyme and assessed by performing profilometry. The differences in substance loss and DOM thickness among the groups were analyzed by one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni's test at a level of P < 0.05. RESULTS Protease inhibitors significantly reduced substance loss in comparison to that of the control group (all P < 0.05). A significantly thicker DOM was observed for the specimens treated with protease inhibitors than for the control specimens (all P < 0.05). No significant differences in substance loss or DOM thickness were found among the MMP inhibitor, cysteine cathepsin inhibitor, and MMP + cysteine cathepsin inhibitor groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of MMP and cysteine cathepsin inhibitors was shown to increase the acid resistance of human dentin, which may be due to the preservation of the DOM. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The application of protease inhibitors could be considered an appropriate preventive strategy for dentin erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Jiao Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. .,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Yangqiao Zhong Road 246, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Prabhala T, Figueroa F, Harland T, Nabage MN, Pilitsis JG. The Use of Salvage Procedures for Wound Complications in Neuromodulation. World Neurosurg 2023; 171:e596-e604. [PMID: 36529435 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wound complications are a prevalent concern for neuromodulation procedures. While removal of the device was recommended, attempts to salvage expensive hardware have become commonplace. We examine our management in wound issues to aid in providing guidance for these situations. METHODS We identified 40 patients over an 8-year period in a large neuromodulation practice, who underwent washout or partial salvage of hardware. We examined the efficacy of washout and partial explants on the ability to salvage the implants. Covariates including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, anticoagulation, and device type were considered. RESULTS There were 29 washouts and 10 partial hardware removal cases. Washouts were successful in 15/29 cases (51.7%), partial hardware removal was successful in 2/10 cases (20%), and removal with replacement was not successful (0 of 1). Washouts tended to be more successful than partial removal procedures (P = 0.08). In cases of successful washout, the average duration between infectious symptoms and washout was 7.27 ± 2.19 days. None of the demographic variables were associated with increased likelihood of washout failure. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a higher rate of washout failure in those who underwent partial device removal and in the presence of purulence at the surgical site. Further investigation must be conducted to determine the instances in which hardware removal is indicated to prevent failure or removal due to infection. Identification of these parameters will optimize therapeutic benefit and long-term financial impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Prabhala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Fernando Figueroa
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Tessa Harland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Melisande N Nabage
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Julie G Pilitsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
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50
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Grilc NK, Zidar A, Kocbek P, Rijavec T, Colja T, Lapanje A, Jeras M, Gobec M, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Gašperlin M, Kristl J, Zupančič Š. Nanofibers with genotyped Bacillus strains exhibiting antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity. J Control Release 2023; 355:371-384. [PMID: 36738969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated diseases such as periodontitis are widespread and challenging to treat which calls for new strategies for their effective management. Probiotics represent a promising approach for targeted treatment of dysbiosis in biofilm and modulation of host immune response. In this interdisciplinary study, nanofibers with two autochthonous Bacillus strains 27.3.Z and 25.2.M were developed. The strains were isolated from the oral microbiota of healthy individuals, and their genomes were sequenced and screened for genes associated with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, virulence factors, and transferability of resistance to antibiotics. Spores of two Bacillus strains were incorporated individually or in combination into hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and composite PEO/alginate nanofibers. The nanofiber mats were characterised by a high loading of viable spores (> 7 log CFU/mg) and they maintained viability during electrospinning and 6 months of storage at room temperature. Spores were rapidly released from PEO nanofibers, while presence of alginate in the nanofibers prolonged their release. All formulations exhibited swelling, followed by transformation of the nanofiber mat into a hydrogel and polymer erosion mediating spore release kinetics. The investigated Bacillus strains released metabolites, which were not cytotoxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. Moreover, their metabolites exhibited antibacterial activity against two periodontopathogens, an antiproliferative effect on PBMCs, and inhibition of PBMC expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In summary, the developed nanofiber-based delivery system represents a promising therapeutic approach to combat biofilm-associated disease on two fronts, namely via modulation of the local microbiota with probiotic bacteria and host immune response with their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Katarina Grilc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anže Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Kocbek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Rijavec
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institut "Jožef Stefan", Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Teja Colja
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institut "Jožef Stefan", Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Lapanje
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institut "Jožef Stefan", Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Jeras
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mirjana Gašperlin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julijana Kristl
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Špela Zupančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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