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Blanco-Doval A, Azkargorta M, Iloro I, Beaskoetxea J, Elortza F, Barron LJR, Aldai N. Comparative proteomic analysis of the changes in mare milk associated with different lactation stages and management systems. Food Chem 2024; 445:138766. [PMID: 38402663 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mare milk has traditionally been attributed a number of health promoting properties. However, knowledge on its composition and functionality remains scarce, with particularly limited studies on mare milk proteomics. This study deeply characterized mare milk proteome accounting for both caseins and proteins in the whey fraction, also addressing the impact of lactation stage and different management systems. Milk samples from Basque Mountain Horse breed mares belonging to three different farms and three lactation stages were analysed after in-gel and in-solution digestion using nLC-MS/MS. Among the 469 proteins identified, the content of alpha-1 antitrypsin was significantly higher in pasture-based compared to other systems. Moreover, lactation stage significantly affected the content of beta-lactoglobulin II, immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein, interferon alpha-inducible protein 27, lactotransferrin, polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, and transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2. This study contributes to the deep characterization of mare milk proteome and provides new insights into the effect of different production factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Blanco-Doval
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Ibon Iloro
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Jabier Beaskoetxea
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Luis Javier R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Delagarde R, Guyard R, Boré R, Rouillé B. Strategies of maize silage supplementation of grazing dairy cows: Effects on milk production, pasture intake, grazing behaviour and methane emissions. Data Brief 2024; 54:110361. [PMID: 38590624 PMCID: PMC10999682 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Supplementation strategy and grazing management can strongly influence dairy cow feeding behaviour, herbage intake, milk production and methane emissions. Two studies were conducted to investigate (1) the level of supplementation with partial mixed rations (PMR) and (2) the timing of maize silage feeding (morning vs. evening) for cows that have access to pasture either only during the day or day and night. A dataset was built that includes all individual cow measurements from both studies. It consists of 18 Microsoft® Excel files that correspond to several scales of information. The main file, "GrASTech_04_CowMeasurements", contains individual weekly measurements of milk production and composition, body weight, supplement and herbage dry matter intake measured using the n-alkane method and grazing behaviour measured using Lifecorder Plus, for a total of 168 cow × week datapoints. Five Excel files provide supplementary information at larger scales: periods, experimental treatments, feeds offered and their chemical composition, pasture characteristics and grazing management, and cow characteristics. The remaining 12 Excel files provide information at the daily scale on weather (1 file), methane concentrations and emissions (1 file), the grazing schedule (1 file) and grazing behaviour (9 files). The files related to grazing behaviour include the daily pattern of grazing time every 2 min as determined by Lifecorder Plus, as well as the daily pattern of grazing time, rumination, overactivity, other activity, rest and standing every 5 min as determined by Feed'Live. This dataset can be used to better understand and investigate relations among and the influence of animal characteristics, grazing management, the supplementation strategy and weather conditions on daily herbage intake, grazing behaviour, milk production and methane emissions at a weekly scale. The detailed information on feeding and grazing behaviour can also be used to study between-cow and between-day variability in daily cow activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Delagarde
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 16 Le Clos, Saint-Gilles 35590, France
| | - Romain Guyard
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 16 Le Clos, Saint-Gilles 35590, France
| | - Raphaël Boré
- IDELE, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé 49071, France
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3
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Cid-Rodríguez M, Cantonati M, Spitale D, Galluzzi G, Zaccone C. Using diatoms and physical and chemical parameters to monitor cow-pasture impact in peat cores from mountain mires. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171779. [PMID: 38508254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Peatlands play a crucial role in carbon (C) sequestration and biodiversity conservation. However, these environments are highly vulnerable, and Europe has lost >60 % of its peatland habitat in recent decades. Cattle grazing and trampling contribute to peatland degradation, which generally result in a shift from moss-dominated vegetation to vascular plants and in lower C sequestration rates. Overgrazing poses also a significant threat to habitat integrity and biodiversity, especially in the Alpine area, where close-to-pristine mires with high ecological integrity are becoming extremely rare. Thus, a more in depth understanding of how cattle grazing and trampling are threatening Alpine mires is strongly needed for a sustainable management and conservation of these habitats. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of grazing on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of peat, with a focus on diatoms. To answer such a question, seven 50-cm deep cores were collected from mires located in the Adamello-Brenta Nature Park (North of Italy) along a grazing-induced disturbance gradient. Results indicated that grazing primarily affected at least the upper 15 cm of the peat, resulting in increased density and reduced water content, due to compaction, and lower C-to‑nitrogen ratio, possibly caused by both cow manure inputs and increased peat mineralization. Moreover, almost 200 diatom taxa were recorded across the 7 cores, with several of them falling under threat categories in the Red List for central Europe. The higher percentage of eutraphentic species in highly-grazed areas was related to the increase in nutrients caused by cattle manure. Finally, intense grazing increased the share of taxa that are more likely to survive in environments with unstable water availability (= aerial species). We showed that diatom data, supported by physical and chemical parameters, can be a refined tool to inform mire protection and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cid-Rodríguez
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Spain; Research & Collections Dept. (Limnology & Phycology), MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy.
| | - Marco Cantonati
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Giorgio Galluzzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Hao X, Yang J, Dong S, He F, Zhang Y. The influence of grazing intensity on soil organic carbon storage in grassland of China: A meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171439. [PMID: 38438023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Grazing can potentially affect grassland soil carbon storage through selective feeding, trampling and fecal excretion of livestock. The numerous case studies and a few meta-analyses have focused on grazing-induced changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, but the effects of grazing on SOC in major grassland types of China are not clear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to identify the impact of grazing on soil carbon in China. We found that the key factors affecting the SOC content of grazing grasslands is grazing intensity. Heavy grazing (HG) significantly decreased the SOC content by 7.5 % in major grassland types of China (95 % confidence interval (CI), -11.43 % to -3.57 %, P < 0.001). The SOC content in temperate desert steppes (7.22 %), temperate meadow-steppes (10.89 %) under heavy grazing (HG) showed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. HG resulted in significant (P < 0.01) decreases in SOC content (6.91 %) of Kastanoze. Our study highlighted that formulating rational grazing strategies according to grassland and soil types was the key to increasing SOC storage and sequestration under climate change and increased human pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Hao
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juejie Yang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fengcai He
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Jiménez-Ramos R, Egea LG, Pérez-Estrada CJ, Balart EF, Vergara JJ, Brun FG. Patch age alters seagrass response mechanisms to herbivory damage. Mar Environ Res 2024; 197:106443. [PMID: 38507985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Natural disturbances can produce a mosaic of seagrass patches of different ages, which may affect the response to herbivory. These pressures can have consequences for plant performance. To assess how seagrass patch age affects the response to herbivory, we simulated the effect of herbivory by clipping leaves of Halodule wrightii in patches of 2, 4 and 6 years. All clipped plants showed ability to compensate herbivory by increasing leaf growth rate (on average 4.5-fold). The oldest patches showed resistance response by increasing phenolic compounds (1.2-fold). Contrastingly, the concentration of phenolics decreased in the youngest patches (0.26-fold), although they had a similar leaf carbon content to controls. These results suggest that younger plants facing herbivory pressure reallocate their phenolic compounds towards primary metabolism. Results confirm the H. wrightii tolerance to herbivory damage and provides evidence of age-dependent compensatory responses, which may have consequences for seagrass colonization and growth in perturbed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Jiménez-Ramos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Luis G Egea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Claudia J Pérez-Estrada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Eduardo F Balart
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Juan J Vergara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Fernando G Brun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Li T, Chang S, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Peng Z, Li L, Lou S, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhong H, Zhu H, Hou F, Nan Z. Interactive effects of grassland utilization and climatic factors govern the plant diversity-soil C relationship in steppe of North China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171171. [PMID: 38402971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between plant diversity and the ecosystem carbon pool is important for understanding the role of biodiversity in regulating ecosystem functions. However, it is not clear how the relationship between plant diversity and soil carbon content changes under different grassland use patterns. In a 3-year study from 2013 to 2015, we investigated plant diversity and soil total carbon (TC) content of grasslands in northern China under different grassland utilization methods (grazing, mowing, and enclosure) and climatic conditions. Shannon-Wiener and Species richness index of grassland were significantly decreased by grazing and mowing. Plant diversity was positively correlated with annual precipitation (AP) and negatively correlated with annual mean temperature (AMT). AP was the primary regulator of plant diversity. Grazing and mowing decreased TC levels in grasslands compared with enclosures, especially in topsoil (0-20 cm). The average TC content was decreased by 58 % and 36 % in the 0-10 cm soil layer, while it was decreased by 68 % and 39 % in 10-20 cm soil layer. TC was positively correlated with AP and negatively correlated with AMT. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that plant diversity was positively correlated with soil TC, and the correlation decreased with an increase in the soil depth. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for predicting soil carbon storage in grasslands under human disturbances and climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yunxiang Cheng
- College of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, China
| | - Zechen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Shanning Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | | | - Huaping Zhong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China
| | - Huazhong Zhu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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7
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Yu H, Liu Y. Sheep dung deposition disrupted the soil microbiome in degraded grassland but not in non-degraded grassland. Environ Res 2024:118922. [PMID: 38614202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Grazing is the most extensive land use in grassland worldwide, wherein the soil microbiome is known to support multiple ecosystem functions. Yet, the experimental impact of livestock grazing and dung deposits on the soil microbiome in degraded grassland remains poorly understood. We examined the effects of sheep dung depositions on the bacterial and fungal microbiome of two grasslands: non-degraded and degraded (long-term overgrazing) in northern China. Specifically, sheep dung was experimentally added to the soil and its effects on the soil microbial community were determined 3 months later (corresponding to livestock excreta deposited throughout the entire growing season of grassland, June to September). Our results showed that sheep dung additions showed negative effects on the soil microbiome of already degraded grassland, while with a diminished impact on the non-degraded grassland. In particular, dung deposition decreased soil microbial Shannon index, notably significantly reducing fungal diversity in degraded grassland. Moreover, sheep dung deposition modifies soil bacterial community structure and diminishes bacterial community network complexity. The alteration of soil pH caused by sheep dung deposition partially explains the decline in microbial diversity in degraded grassland. However, sheep dung did not alter the relative abundance and community composition of bacterial and fungal dominant phyla either in the non-degraded or in the degraded grassland. In conclusion, the short-term deposition of sheep dung exerted a detrimental influence on the microbial community in degraded grassland soil. It contributes new experimental evidence regarding the adverse effects of livestock grazing, particularly through dung deposition, on the soil microbiome in degraded grassland. This knowledge is crucial for guiding managers in conserving the soil microbiome in grazed grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yu
- Institute of Grassland Research of CAAS, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yinghao Liu
- Institute of Grassland Research of CAAS, Hohhot 010010, China.
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8
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Ronk A, Boldgiv B, Casper BB, Liancourt P. Leaf trait plasticity reveals interactive effects of temporally disjunct grazing and warming on plant communities. Oecologia 2024:10.1007/s00442-024-05540-z. [PMID: 38573499 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Changes in climate and grazing intensity influence plant-community compositions and their functional structure. Yet, little is known about their possible interactive effects when climate change mainly has consequences during the growing season and grazing occurs off growing season (dormant season grazing). We examined the contribution of trait plasticity to the immediate responses in the functional structure of plant community due to the interplay between these two temporally disjunct drivers. We conducted a field experiment in the northern Mongolian steppe, where climate was manipulated by open-top chambers (OTCs) for two growing seasons, increasing temperature and decreasing soil moisture (i.e., increased aridity), and grazing was excluded for one dormant season between these two growing seasons. We calculated the community-weighted mean (CWM) and the functional diversity (FD) of six leaf traits. Based on a variance partitioning approach, we evaluated how much of the responses in CWM and FD to OTCs and dormant season grazing occur through plasticity. The interactive effect of OTCs and the dormant season grazing were detected only after considering the role of trait plasticity. Overall, OTCs influenced the responses in CWM more than in FD, but the effects of OTCs were much less pronounced where dormant season grazing occurred. Thus, warming (together with decreased soil moisture) and the elimination of dormant season grazing could interact to impact the functional trait structure of plant communities through trait plasticity. Climate change effects should be considered in the context of altered land use, even if temporally disjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argo Ronk
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bazartseren Boldgiv
- Department of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia
| | - Brenda B Casper
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Department of Botany, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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9
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Sun Z, Sun C, Feng X, Zhang T, Liu J, Wang X, Li S, Tang S, Jin K. Grazing alters the soil nematode communities in grasslands: A meta-analysis. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120668. [PMID: 38492419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Grazing causes great disturbances in grassland ecosystems and may change the abundance, diversity, and ecological function of soil biota. Because of their important role in nutrient cycling and as good environmental indicators, nematodes are very representative soil organisms. However, the mechanisms by which grazing intensity, livestock type, duration, and environmental factors (e.g., climate and edaphic factors) affect soil nematodes remain poorly understood. In this study, we collected 1964 paired observations all over the world from 53 studies to clarify the grazing response patterns of soil nematodes and their potential mechanisms. Overall, grazing significantly decreased the abundance of bacterial-feeding (BF) nematodes (-16.54%) and omnivorous-predatory (OP) nematodes (-36.81%), and decreased nematode community diversity indices (Shannon-Weiner index: -4.33%, evenness index: -9.22%, species richness: -5.35%), but had no effect on ecological indices under a global regional scale. The response of soil nematodes to grazing varied by grazing intensity, animals, and duration. Heavy grazing decreased OP nematode abundance, but had no effect on the abundance of other trophic groups, or on diversity or ecological indices. Grazing by small animals had stronger effects than that by large animals and mixed-size animals on BF, fungal-feeding (FF), plant-feeding (PF) and OP nematodes, the Shannon-Wiener index, and the species richness index. The abundance of FF and OP nematodes influenced significantly under short-term grazing. The evenness index decreased significantly under long-term grazing (>10 years). Climate and edaphic factors impacted the effects of grazing on nematode abundance, diversity, and ecological indices. When resources (i.e., rain, heat, and soil nutrients) were abundant, the negative effects of grazing on nematodes were reduced; under sufficiently abundant resources, grazing even had positive effects on soil nematode communities. Thus, the influence of grazing on soil nematode communities is resource-dependent. Our study provides decision makers with grazing strategies based on the resource abundance. Resource-poor areas should have less grazing, while resource-rich areas should have more grazing to conserve soil biodiversity and maintain soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokai Sun
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affuirs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Chongzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affuirs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affuirs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Grass Academy, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affuirs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Shucheng Li
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Feng Yang 233100, China
| | - Shiming Tang
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affuirs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China.
| | - Ke Jin
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affuirs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China; Department of International Cooperation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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10
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Toda N, Inoue-Kashino N, Fujita H, Yoshida R, Nimura-Matsune K, Watanabe S, Kuroda A, Kashino Y, Hirota R. Cell morphology engineering enhances grazing resistance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 for non-sterile large-scale cultivation. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:245-253. [PMID: 38336581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In the practical scale of cyanobacterial cultivation, the golden algae Poterioochromonas malhamensis is a well-known predator that causes devastating damage to the culture, referred to as pond crash. The establishment and maintenance of monoculture conditions are ideal for large-scale cultures. However, this is a difficult challenge because microbial contamination is unavoidable in practical-scale culture facilities. In the present study, we unexpectedly observed the pond crash phenomenon during the pilot-scale cultivation of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 using a 100-L photobioreactor. This was due to the contamination with P. malhamensis, which probably originated from residual fouling. Interestingly, we found that S.elongatus PCC 7942 can alter its morphological structure when subjected to continuous grazing pressure from predators, resulting in cells that were more than 100 times longer than those of the wild-type strain. These hyper-elongated S.elongatus PCC 7942 cells had mutations in the genes encoding FtsZ or Ftn2 which are involved in bacterial cell division. Importantly, the elongated phenotype remained stable during cultivation, enabling S.elongatus PCC 7942 to thrive and resist grazing. The cultivation of the elongated S.elongatus PCC 7942 mutant strain in a 100-L pilot-scale photobioreactor under non-sterile conditions resulted in increased cyanobacterial biomass without encountering pond crash. This study demonstrates an efficient strategy for cyanobacterial cell culture in practical-scale bioreactors without the need for extensive decontamination or sterilization of the growth medium and culture facility, which can contribute to economically viable cultivation and bioprocessing of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Toda
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Natsuko Inoue-Kashino
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Hazaya Fujita
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yoshida
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Kaori Nimura-Matsune
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Akio Kuroda
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; Seto Inland Sea Carbon-neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 2445 Mukaishima-cho, Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0073, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kashino
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hirota
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; Seto Inland Sea Carbon-neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 2445 Mukaishima-cho, Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0073, Japan.
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Kim Y, Kim H, Choi JH, Cho HC, Ji MJ, Park YJ, Park J, Choi KS. Preliminary report of Mycoplasma Wenoynii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos infection in Korean native cattle. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:121. [PMID: 38532391 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemotropic mycoplasmas or hemoplasmas are bacteria that attach to the erythrocyte surface and cause bovine hemoplasmosis. Two species, Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, have been identified and shown to be distributed worldwide. However, there is currently no information available on hemoplasmas in cattle in the Republic of Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hemoplasmas in Korean native cattle and to evaluate the association between hemoplasma infection and anemia. METHODS One farm was selected, at which blood samples were collected from 104 Korean native cattle [grazing cattle (n = 89) and housed cattle (n = 15)]. Hemoplasmas were detected via polymerase chain reaction analysis and complete blood counts were also performed. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hemoplasmas was 34% (35/104); 20.2% (21/104) for M. wenyonii, 3.8% (4/104) for C. M. haemobos, and 9.6% (10/104) for co-infection. Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos was detected only in grazing cattle. Of red blood cell (RBC) parameters, C. M. haemobos-infected cattle had lower RBC and hematocrit, and higher mean cell volume than hemoplasma-negative cattle, although none of these differences were statistically significant. This is the first study to report the occurrence of M. wenyonii and C. M. haemobos. Mycoplasma wenyonii is more prevalent than C. M. haemobos in Korean native cattle. The results did not show an association between hemoplasma infection and anemia. CONCLUSIONS Considering the infection rate of hemoplasmas shown in this study, further studies, such as on the pathogenicity and clinical significance of hemoplasmas are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Kim
- Department of Animal Hospital, Genetic Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Hanwoo, Seosan, 31948, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Kim
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jae-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Horse/Companion and Wild Animals, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Chul Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Ji
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Horse/Companion and Wild Animals, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea.
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Li Z, Peng C, Wang H, Liu X. Improved muscle fatty acid composition and oxidative stability in lambs grazing on sainfoin pasture. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 23:100337. [PMID: 38328742 PMCID: PMC10847756 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As a mode of animal management, grazing on pasture has the potential to improve animal performance and provide healthy meat. However, there is little information about the effects of lamb meat quality grazed on sainfoin pasture. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of growing lambs. The twenty-four lambs were randomly divided into grazing on sainfoin pasture (GS) or feeding indoors pelleted total mixed ration (FI). The results show that GS had the higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially n-3 PUFA (P = 0.002), and beneficial for nutritional index of fatty acid. Corresponding that GS had lower the Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in raw (P = 0.005) and cooked meat (P = 0.008). The GS had higher total phenols (P = 0.021), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (P = 0.048) and α-Tocopherol of meat (P = 0.004). In conclusion, grazing on sainfoin pasture in lambs can improve muscle fatty acid composition and oxidative stability than feeding indoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianbai Liu
- Neiguanying Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Anding District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Dingxi, China
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Neacă AM, Meis J, Knight T, Rakosy D. Intensive pasture management alters the composition and structure of plant-pollinator interactions in Sibiu, Romania. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16900. [PMID: 38435994 PMCID: PMC10909354 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Land management change towards intensive grazing has been shown to alter plant and pollinator communities and the structure of plant-pollinator interactions in different ways across the world. Land-use intensification in Eastern Europe is shifting highly diverse, traditionally managed hay meadows towards intensive pastures, but few studies have examined how this influences plant-pollinator networks. We hypothesized that the effects of intensive grazing on networks will depend on how plant communities and their floral traits change. Methods We investigated plant and pollinator diversity and composition and the structure of plant-pollinator interactions near Sibiu, Romania at sites that were traditionally managed as hay meadows or intensive pastures. We quantified the identity and abundance of flowering plants, and used transect walks to observe pollinator genera interacting with flowering plant species. We evaluated the effects of management on diversity, composition and several indices of network structure. Results Pollinator but not plant diversity declined in pastures and both plant and pollinator taxonomic composition shifted. Functional diversity and composition remained unchanged, with rather specialized flowers having been found to dominate in both hay meadows and pastures. Apis mellifera was found to be the most abundant pollinator. Its foraging preferences played a crucial role in shaping plant-pollinator network structure. Apis mellifera thus preferred the highly abundant Dorycnium herbaceum in hay meadows, leading to hay meadows networks with lower Shannon diversity and interaction evenness. In pastures, however, it preferred less abundant and more generalized flower resources. With pollinators being overall less abundant and more generalized in pastures, we found that niche overlap between plants was higher. Discussion With both hay meadows and pastures being dominated by plant species with similar floral traits, shifts in pollinator preferences seem to have driven the observed changes in plant-pollinator interaction networks. We thus conclude that the effects of grazing on pollinators and their interactions are likely to depend on the traits of plant species present in different management types as well as on the effects of grazing on plant community composition. We thereby highlight the need for better understanding how floral abundance shapes pollinator visitation rates and how floral traits may influence this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Neacă
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Julia Meis
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tiffany Knight
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Department Species Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Species Interaction Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Demetra Rakosy
- Department Species Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Species Interaction Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Huang X, Luo G, Ma Z, Yao B, Du Y, Yang Y. Modeling the effect of grazing on carbon and water use efficiencies in grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38408884 PMCID: PMC10898080 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon and water use efficiencies (CUE and WUE, respectively) are vital indicators of the adaptability of plants to environmental conditions. However, the effects of grazing and climate change on the spatiotemporal changes in CUE and WUE in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau grasslands (QTPG) are still unclear. RESULTS Using the enhanced Biome-BGCMuSo model in combination with observed data, we estimated and analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in CUE and WUE and their responses to grazing in QTPG from 1979 to 2018. The mean annual CUE was 0.7066 in QTPG from 1979 to 2018 under the actual climate scenario. In general, the grassland CUE was low in the southeast and high in the northwest. Grazing generally decreased CUE in QTPG from 1979 to 2018, and there was an increasing trend in the difference in CUE between the grazing and nongrazing scenarios. The difference in CUE was generally greater in the northwest than in the southeast. The mean annual WUE was 0.5591 g C/kg H2O in QTPG from 1979 to 2018 under the actual climate scenario. After 2000, the grassland WUE exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. In general, the grassland WUE was greater in the southeast than in the northwest. Grazing generally decreased WUE in QTPG from 1979 to 2018, and there was an increasing trend in the difference in WUE between the grazing and nongrazing scenarios. The difference in WUE was generally greater in the northwest than in the southeast. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggested that the spatiotemporal changes in CUE and WUE in QTPG were closely related to changes in the natural environment and grazing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Huang
- School of Geographical Sciences and Tourism, Zhaotong University, 657000, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Geping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Zhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions Laboratory in Qinghai, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Buqing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions Laboratory in Qinghai, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008, Xining, Qinghai, China.
| | - Yangong Du
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions Laboratory in Qinghai, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions Laboratory in Qinghai, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008, Xining, Qinghai, China
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Mantzios M, McAtamney K, Regan H, Kokocinska K, Kauser S, Kalika E, Hussain M, Keyte R, Wood J, Wallis D, Egan H. Does controlling for epicurean eating or the tendency to supersize food portions change the relationship between mindful eating and grazing? Heliyon 2024; 10:e24823. [PMID: 38352731 PMCID: PMC10861966 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The study examines the potential for Epicurean eating to offer fresh perspectives on the predictive value of mindful eating. This research seeks to ascertain whether accounting for Epicurean eating (or its antithesis, supersizing), could influence the previously identified negative relationship between mindful eating and grazing habits. In a cross-sectional study, 419 participants completed questionnaires on epicurean eating, grazing, and mindful eating. The findings suggested mindful eating and epicurean eating were significantly associated with grazing, with both variables accounting for a significant amount of variance in grazing. Further analysis of the mindful eating subscales showed that eating without distraction, eating with awareness, and hunger and satiety cues accounted for this association with grazing when epicurean eating was included. Finally, whilst eating without distraction, eating with awareness, and hunger and satiety cues were associated with grazing, preference for supersizing did not account for a significant amount of variance in the relationship with grazing. The complex interplay between grazing and mindful eating becomes more apparent when considering the influence of epicurean eating. Exploring cross-cultural factors through additional research could provide valuable insights into the dynamics of epicurean eating and grazing. Simultaneously, incorporating alternative mindful eating scales may yield a more nuanced interpretation of mindful eating. Collectively, these avenues of inquiry warrant further investigation. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Mantzios
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harvey Regan
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophia Kauser
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | - Eliza Kalika
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | - Misba Hussain
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Keyte
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Wood
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Wallis
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Egan
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
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Johnsen IV, Aaneby J. Accumulation of copper and lead in ruminants grazing on a contaminated shooting range in Nordland County, Norway. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:11026-11036. [PMID: 38217808 PMCID: PMC10850173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Shooting ranges contain copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) contamination, which can be a risk for grazing ruminants. This study examines the accumulation of lead and copper in blood of lambs and calves, as well as in the liver of lambs. It compares these results with those of a previous study, which calculated the ingested dose of copper and lead based on soil ingestion and concentration in soil and plants. Blood samples were collected both before and after the grazing period that lasted from late May to mid-September. Liver samples were obtained during the slaughter of the lambs in the fall. Out of 61 liver samples, only one (3.7 mg Pb/kg dw) exceeding the presumed normal level in lamb liver of 3 mg/kg (dw). Copper concentrations exceeding the normal (300 mg/kg dw) concentration was found in 14 of the liver samples (341-1877 mg Cu/kg dw). Among these, two liver samples (1069 and 1877 mg Cu/kg dw) exceeded the level at which sheep are poisoned (1000 mg/kg dw). There was no statistically significant difference in the copper and lead concentration in liver of lambs that did and did not have the shooting range as part of their pasture. The average concentration of copper (lamb: 1.1 ± 0.37 µg Cu/g, calves: 0.6 ± 0.16 µg Cu/g) and lead (lamb: 0.010 ± 0.008 µg Pb/g calves: 0.01 ± 0.014 µg Pb/g) in the blood samples collected from the lambs and calves did not exceed the upper limit of what is considered normal (sheep: 1.35 mg Cu/kg and 0.3 mg Pb/kg, cattle: 1.7 mg Cu/kg and 0.35 mg Pb/kg). Copper concentration in the blood was notably higher in samples collected from the sheep before (1.3 ± 0.35 µg Cu/g) compared to after (0.8 ± 0.22 µg Cu/g) the grazing period. No statistically significant difference was found in lead and copper concentrations in the blood of lambs and calves grazing inside (lamb: 0.7 ± 0.21 µg Cu/g and 0.01 ± 0.008 µg Pb/g, calves: 0.6 ± 0.16 µg Cu/g and 0.02 ± 0.020 µg Pb/g) and outside (lamb: 0.9 ± 0.21 µg Cu/g and 0.13 ± 0.008 µg Pb/g, calves: 0.6 ± 0.17 µg Cu/g and 0.009 µg Pb/g) the shooting range. Grazing on areas contaminated by shooting activity did not appear to have any major implications for the accumulation of copper and lead in blood of cattle and sheep, as well as in the liver of sheep. The findings from this study indicate that employing site specific risk assessments for ruminants incorporating soil ingestion represents a viable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Vaa Johnsen
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), Instituttveien 20, NO-2007, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Jorunn Aaneby
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), Instituttveien 20, NO-2007, Kjeller, Norway
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Cohen M, Ottmann E, Varga Linde D, Sanchez S. Is Joint Management between Conservationists and Farmers Sustainable and Biodiversity-friendly? A Ten-year Study in Residual Grasslands of a Protected Area. Environ Manage 2024:10.1007/s00267-023-01931-9. [PMID: 38263340 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a discernible reduction in temperate and Mediterranean grasslands with consequences on the decline of biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity. When this decline is due to agricultural abandonment, a renewed joint management, combining bush clearing by conservationists and grazing by farmers, should favor the maintenance of grasslands, their protected habitats and species and forage production. Rainfall irregularity explains part of the variation of these parameters. To verify these hypotheses, we conduct a comprehensive, multi-scale, multi-taxa study over a ten-year period in a Mediterranean protected area. At the regional scale, experimental plots in which this joint management was implemented are representative of residual managed grasslands of the protected area. At the mesoscale, rainfall irregularity is the main factor explaining inter-annual differences in the biomass of open landscapes, while fauna depends on management, tree cover and trophic resources. At the local scale, in a representative experimental plot, clearing had an immediate negative impact on plant richness and bird and positive on forage. Over a decade, plant biodiversity increased while forage, specialist plants and bird maintained, despite the regrowth of bush. Drought had a negative impact on richness, plant and forage abundance and phenological asynchrony on butterflies. In conclusion, joint management has positive, neutral and negative impacts to be considered before implementing this strategy. This long-term monitoring study draws important lessons for designing a sustainable management of grasslands under abandonment and irregular climate, that should be applied in temperate and Mediterranean regions that are increasingly vulnerable to these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Cohen
- Laboratoire Médiations, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75, France.
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Yu T, Yan R, Zhang C, Chen S, Zhang Z, Guo L, Hu T, Jiang C, Wang M, Bai K, Zhou W, Wu L. How does grazing pressure affect feed intake and behavior of livestock in a meadow steppe in northern China and their coupling relationship. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168472. [PMID: 37951273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Livestock feeding behavior and intake play a crucial role in influencing grassland health and productivity. A comprehensive investigation into livestock feeding behavior and intake can effectively elucidate the interactions and impacts of livestock and grasslands, providing scientific evidence and technical support for the formulation and implementation of sustainable grassland development strategies. Based on a long-term controlled grazing experiment platform conducted over 13 years, the feeding behavior and forage intake of cattle under different grazing intensities were observed and analyzed. Additionally, we used GPS sensors to study cattle grazing behavior trends. Using Mantel's test, we analyzed the relationship between cattle movement distance, forage intake, and environmental factors. The results demonstrated that cattle forage intake decreased with increasing grazing intensity. Forage intake peaked at the end of July and beginning of August, with the highest efficiency observed in August. Moreover, under light grazing intensity, cattle exhibited greater fluctuations in forage intake than those under moderate and heavy grazing intensity. Cattle movement levels increased with higher grazing intensity, and during the period of lush grass growth, cattle displayed significantly higher movement levels than during grass senescence. The accuracy of the behavior determination model based on cattle velocity ranged from 60 to 80 %. Using this model, we found that under heavy grazing conditions, cattle spent significantly more time roaming than under light and moderate grazing. Conversely, under light grazing conditions, cattle spent significantly more time feeding. A negative correlation was identified between cattle forage intake and movement distance. Cattle's forage intake was significantly positively correlated with grass height and grass biomass and significantly negatively correlated with stocking rate and movement distance. Thorough research on livestock feeding behavior and intake offers scientific evidence and technical support for formulating and implementing sustainable grassland development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in North China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruirui Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in North China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chu Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in North China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in North China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in North China, Beijing 100081, China; College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - LeiFeng Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianci Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Chengxiang Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Beijing Digital Agriculture Rural Promotion Center, Building 3, No. 7 Beisha Beach, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Keyu Bai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in North China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenneng Zhou
- College of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lianhai Wu
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK
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Budziak M, Fyda J. Effect of microplastic particles on the population growth rate and clearance rate of selected ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:6907-6921. [PMID: 38157169 PMCID: PMC10821840 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), due to their micro size, which overlaps with the typical food size of various aquatic organisms, can be ingested and move up the food chain, accumulating in the bodies of organisms at higher trophic levels. Few studies have focused on the uptake of MPs by ciliates, which are an important element of the microbial cycle. Three different ciliate species were used in this study: Blepharisma japonicum, Euplotes sp., and Spirostomum teres, as well as polystyrene beads with diameters of 1 and 2 µm at two concentrations (106 and 107 beads × mL-1). The results of the experiments showed that MPs have a variable, species-specific effect on the population growth rate of ciliates, which is directly dependent on their concentration in the environment (P < 0.01). It was also observed that the number of MPs ingested changed over time depending on their concentration and size. On average, the highest number of ingested MPs (883.11 ± 521.47) was recorded at 60 min of exposure to a low concentration of small beads in B. japonicum. The lowest number of beads was ingested after 5 min of exposure to a low concentration of large beads in the same species. The rate of MP uptake by the ciliate species was significantly dependent on their concentration, exposure time, and size (P < 0.001). The highest clearance rate was observed in the fifth minute of the experiment in the environment with the lowest MP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Budziak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Fyda
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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20
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Monteiro A, Barreto-Mendes L, Fanchone A, Morgavi DP, Pedreira BC, Magalhães CAS, Abdalla AL, Eugène M. Crop-livestock-forestry systems as a strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing the sustainability of forage-based livestock systems in the Amazon biome. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167396. [PMID: 37778569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of livestock systems becomes essential to meet the food demand of the growing world population, but it is important to consider the environmental impact of these systems. To assess the potential of forage-based livestock systems to offset greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the net carbon (C) balance of four systems in the Brazilian Amazon Biome was estimated: livestock (L) with a monoculture of Marandu palisade grass [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster]; livestock-forestry (LF) with palisade grass intercropped with three rows of eucalyptus at 128 trees/ha; crop-livestock (CL) with soybeans and then corn + palisade grass, rotated with livestock every two years; and crop-livestock-forestry (CLF) with CL + one row of eucalyptus at 72 trees/ha. Over the four years studied, the systems with crops (CL and CLF) produced more human-edible protein than those without them (L and LF) (3010 vs. 755 kg/ha). Methane contributed the most to total GHG emissions: a mean of 85 % for L and LF and 67 % for CL and CLF. Consequently, L and LF had greater total GHG emissions (mean of 30 Mg CO2eq/ha/year). Over the four years, the system with the most negative net C balance (i.e., C storage) was LF when expressed per ha (-53.3 Mg CO2eq/ha), CLF when expressed per kg of carcass (-26 kg CO2eq/kg carcass), and LF when expressed per kg of human-edible protein (-72 kg CO2eq/kg human-edible protein). Even the L system can store C if well managed, leading to benefits such as increased meat as well as improved soil quality. Moreover, including crops and forestry in these livestock systems enhances these benefits, emphasizing the potential of integrated systems to offset GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce Monteiro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Barreto-Mendes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Audrey Fanchone
- INRAE, ASSET, Centre Antilles-Guyane, Domaine Duclos, Prise d'Eau, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Diego P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Bruno C Pedreira
- Department of Plant Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Ciro A S Magalhães
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril), 78550-970 Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maguy Eugène
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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21
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Takola E, Bonfanti J, Seppelt R, Beckmann M. An open-access global database of meta-analyses investigating yield and biodiversity responses to different management practices. Data Brief 2023; 51:109696. [PMID: 37965610 PMCID: PMC10641118 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We here present a database of evidence on the impact of agricultural management practices on biodiversity and yield. This database is the result of a systematic literature review, that aimed to identify meta-analyses that use as their response variables any measure of biodiversity and yield. After screening more than 1,086 titles and abstracts, we identified 33 relevant meta-analyses, from which we extracted the overall estimates, the subgroup estimates as well as all information related to them (effect size metric, taxonomic group, crop type etc.). We also extracted information relative to the empirical studies used for each meta-analysis and recorded the countries in which they took place and assessed the quality of each meta-analysis. Our dataset is publicly accessible and can be used for conducting second-order meta-analyses on the effect of management measures on species richness, taxon abundance, biomass and yields. It can also be used to create evidence maps on agriculture-related questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Takola
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bonfanti
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ralf Seppelt
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Institute of Geoscience & Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
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22
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Li H, Shen T, Zhang X, Li J, Han G. Grazing decreased soil organic carbon by decreasing aboveground biomass in a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia. J Environ Manage 2023; 347:119112. [PMID: 37778075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms through which stocking rates affect soil organic carbon in desert steppe landscapes are not fully understood. To address this research gap, we investigated changes in the biomass of Stipa breviflora plant communities and soils in a desert steppe. Through our research findings, we can establish an appropriate stocking rate for Stipa breviflora desert steppe. The establishment serves as a theoretical foundation for effectively maintaining elevated productivity levels and increasing the carbon sink, thereby offering a valuable contribution towards mitigate climate change. This study examined the effects of different stocking rates on soil organic carbon input, sequestration, and output and found: (1) For soil organic carbon input, the aboveground and litter biomass of plant communities decreased with increasing stocking rate. (2) Grazing treatments did not affect soil organic carbon retention. (3) Regarding soil organic carbon output, the grazing treatments exhibited no significant alteration in soil respiration when compared to the no grazing. In summary, the primary mechanisms through which increasing stocking rates affect the soil organic carbon pool are decreased inputs from plants and increased output through wind erosion. Therefore, decreasing grazing intensity is key to improving soil organic carbon retention in the desert steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Wang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and Highly Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29 Erdos Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010011, China.
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and Highly Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29 Erdos Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010011, China
| | - Haigang Li
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and Highly Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29 Erdos Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010011, China.
| | - Tingting Shen
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and Highly Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29 Erdos Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010011, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and Highly Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29 Erdos Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010011, China
| | - Jiangwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, 716000, Yan'an, China
| | - Guodong Han
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and Highly Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29 Erdos Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010011, China.
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23
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Jiang S, Zhang J, Tang Y, Li Z, Liu H, Wang L, Wu Y, Liang C. Plant functional traits and biodiversity can reveal the response of ecosystem functions to grazing. Sci Total Environ 2023; 899:165636. [PMID: 37487897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits can elucidate the response of plant communities and ecosystems to biotic and abiotic disturbances. However, whether livestock consume more aboveground biomass (AGB) in communities dominated by species with 'acquisitive' traits or in communities where biodiversity is high is not well known. Here, we measured 22 functional traits of the grazing communities and control communities in a Mongolian Plateau desert steppe. The effects of grazing on AGB, CWM traits, species diversity, and functional diversity (FD) were analysed, furthermore, we estimated the grazing impact by using the log response ratio (LRR, an increasing value shows a higher grazing impact) and investigated the correlations between the LRR, plant growth, and community-weighted mean (CWM) traits and diversity indices. We found that grazing significantly increased the CWM dry matter content and carbon-to‑nitrogen ratio and decreased the CWM height, specific leaf area (SLA), and nitrogen and phosphorus contents. The AGB decreased, while species diversity and FD increased under grazing treatments. Additionally, we found that plant traits and biodiversity could predict the response of AGB to grazing, the LRR was higher in patches dominated by species with 'acquisitive' foliage and in patches with higher biodiversity; in these patches, plant growth was lower. In the study area, the response of CWM traits to grazing suggests an avoidance strategy, which may be more conducive for adapting to low resource utilization environments. Also, the relationship between the CWM traits and the LRR indicated that the effect of grazing on AGB was mainly related to the selective foraging of herbivores. In addition, patches preferred by livestock may not recover quickly, leading to slow growth and thus reduced biomass under grazing treatments after prolonged grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Yiwei Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grassland Ecological Security, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Cunzhu Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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24
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Graungaard S, Christensen TL, Soendergaard LN, Telléus GK. Prevalence of eating disorder symptomatology among outpatients referred to health promotion from somatic hospital departments. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:841. [PMID: 37968579 PMCID: PMC10652435 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS All eating disorders (EDs) lead to a significant decrease of health status, psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QoL). Individuals with untreated binge eating disorder (BED) tend to gain weight over time, which may contribute to serious health issues. In somatic hospital departments, some outpatients have reduced compliance with lifestyle changes. This may, to some extent, be due to patients with an undiagnosed ED receiving the incorrect treatment. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of EDs among patients referred to lifestyle courses. RESULTS A total of 136 patients referred from somatic hospital departments to lifestyle changes in a specialized hospital unit were included in the study. The response rate was 69.4%. Self-reported ED or sub-clinical symptoms of ED according to the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were found in 17.65%. Of these, 11.03% fulfilled the self-reported criteria for an ED (BED, 7.35%; bulimia nervosa, 3.68%). Patients with an ED or subclinical ED symptoms had elevated grazing behaviour compared to those without ED symptomatology. A statistically significant difference in QoL was also found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of self-reported ED or subclinical ED symptoms in patients referred to a lifestyle course is substantial. This ED group had reduced QoL and larger grazing behaviour compared to patients without ED symptomatology. Thus, the prevalence of undiagnosed EDs among patients within somatic hospital departments may be substantial, underlining the importance of screening and further research within this topic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, well-designed cohort study. SIGNIFICANCE What is already known on this subject? In a review including populations from Scandinavia, the USA and South America, the estimated BED prevalence in individuals with higher body weight seeking help to lose weight is 13-27% [22]. Dawes et al. (2016) conducted a meta-analysis investigating the prevalence of mental health conditions among bariatric surgery candidates and recipients. They included 25 studies with a total of 13,769 patients and found that the prevalence of BED was 17% (13-21%) [10]. What this study adds? We have identified a group of patients who may be receiving inappropriate treatment with weight loss intervention instead of specialized ED intervention. It appears that this issue is valid in various somatic hospital departments. Thus, this is a field that requires further attention and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Graungaard
- Department of Health Promotion, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark.
| | - Tobias Lund Christensen
- Department of Health Promotion, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
| | | | - Gry Kjaersdam Telléus
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 10, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
- Institute of Communication and Psychology, Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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25
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Mantzios M, Zervos K, Koletsi M, Giannou K. Mindful eating and eating behaviours in Greece: exploring the validity and reliability of two mindful eating scales and other eating behaviours for Greek-speaking populations. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:85. [PMID: 37864641 PMCID: PMC10590293 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindful eating has seen an increase in clinical and non-clinical practices of changing health outcomes. Meanwhile, the restriction of not having validated scales in other languages proposes a barrier to exploring the impact of mindful eating cross-culturally, and specific to the present project, across Greek-speaking populations, limiting the potential of exploring the association with Mediterranean dieting. METHODS In the present research, volunteers (n = 706) completed online the Mindful Eating Behaviour Scale and the Mindful Eating Scale. A forward-backwards translation, leading to face validity, and was assessed for internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) and followed up by an assessment of the factorial structure of the scales. Divergent and convergent validity was explored using motivations to eat palatable foods, grazing, craving, Dusseldorf orthorexia, Salzburg emotional eating, and the Salzburg stress eating scales. RESULTS Results indicated that both scales displayed good internal consistency, and the assessment of the factorial structure of the scales was equally good and semi-consistent with the English versions, with parallel analyses and item loadings proposing problems that have been shown in critical review literature. Associations of mindful eating scales to other eating behaviours were replicated to previously established findings with English-speaking populations. CONCLUSIONS Findings that deviated from the expected outcomes are central to the discussion on the measurement of mindful eating, and further direction highlights the way forward for researchers and clinicians. LEVEL V Descriptive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Mantzios
- College of Psychology, Birmingham City University, C332, The Curzon Building, 4 Cardigan St., Birmingham, B4 7BD, UK.
| | | | - Marsha Koletsi
- Department of Psychology, New York College, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Giannou
- Department of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Coutinho MPS, Monteiro A, Cabral CEA, Pereira RJ, de Barros LV, Mota LG, de Souza AL, Cabral CHA. Effects of monensin in supplements for beef cattle in tropical grazing systems during the rainy season. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:354. [PMID: 37816922 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of monensin in supplements for grazing heifers. In experiment I, treatments consisted of protein supplements (low intake - 0.5 kg/animal/day and high intake - 1.0 kg/animal/day) associated or not with monensin. Animal performance, nutrient intake, and digestibility were evaluated. Forty crossbred heifers with an initial body weight (BW) of 213.8 ± 4.5 kg were used. There was no difference in average daily gain between treatments (average of 0.588 kg/animal/day). There was no interaction between monensin and supplements for intake parameters and digestibility. Dry matter (DM) intake was equal between treatments (~ 2% of BW). However, there was a reduction in pasture intake with the high-intake supplement. In experiment II, treatments consisted of two types of supplements (protein or mineral) associated or not with monensin. The variables analyzed were productive performance, ingestive behavior, and thermal comfort, evaluated through the index of thermal stress for cows (ITSC). Forty crossbred heifers with a BW of 159.2 ± 1.3 kg were used. The type of supplement did not influence the performance of the animals. However, monensin promoted greater weight gain in the animals (110 g/animal/day). There was an interaction effect between supplementation and monensin addition on behavioral activities, except for idle time. The inclusion of monensin in the protein supplement reduced the grazing time. The ITSC value influenced the activities of ingestive behavior, and the increase of this index reduced the grazing time in all treatments. Forage quality influences the response to monensin use, and the addition of monensin in supplements for grazing cattle during the rainy season is recommended for forages with high CP content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pereira Souza Coutinho
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, MT, 78735-910, Brazil.
| | - Alyce Monteiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição Animal, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Avelino Cabral
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, MT, 78735-910, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Junqueira Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, MT, 78735-910, Brazil
| | - Lívia Vieira de Barros
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gimenes Mota
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Lima de Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, MT, 78735-910, Brazil
| | - Carla Heloisa Avelino Cabral
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, MT, 78735-910, Brazil
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27
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Guo L, DaoLema, Liu B, Dai L, Wang X, Wang X, Cao J, Zhang W. Identification of milk-related genes and regulatory networks in Bactrian camel either supplemented or under grazing. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:342. [PMID: 37776405 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Using gene co-expression networks to understand dynamic characterizations in lactating animals becomes a common method. However, there are rarely reporters focusing on milk traits in Bactrian camel by high-throughput sequencing. We used RNA-seq to generate the camel transcriptome from the blood of 16 lactating Alxa Bactrian camel in different feeding groups. In total, we obtained 1185 milk-related genes correlated with milk yield, milk protein, milk fat, and milk lactose across the WGCNA analysis. Moreover, 364 milk-related genes were differentially expressed between supplementation and grazing feeding groups. The differential expression-camel milk-related genes CMRGs (DE-CMRGs) in supplement direct an intensive gene co-expression network to improve milk performance in lactating camels. This study provides a non-invasive method to identify the camel milk-related genes in camel blood for four primary milk traits and valuable theoretical basis and research ideas for the study of the milk performance regulation mechanism of camelid animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Genomic Big Data for Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - DaoLema
- Bactrian Camel Institute of Alsha, Inner Mongolia, 16 Tuerhute Road, Bayanhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Inner Mongolia Bionew Technology Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Lingli Dai
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Genomic Big Data for Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Genomic Big Data for Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Bactrian Camel Institute of Alsha, Inner Mongolia, 16 Tuerhute Road, Bayanhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Junwei Cao
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Genomic Big Data for Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Yuan N, Wang Y, Pan Q, Zhao L, Qi X, Sun S, Suolang Q, Ciren L, Danzeng L, Liu Y, Zhang L, Gao T, Basang Z, Lian H, Sun Y. From the perspective of rumen microbiome and host metabolome, revealing the effects of feeding strategies on Jersey Cows on the Tibetan Plateau. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16010. [PMID: 37719116 PMCID: PMC10501371 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have discussed the effects of grazing and house feeding on yaks during the cold season when forage is in short supply, but there is limited information on the effects of these feeding strategies on Jersey cows introduced to the Tibetan Plateau. The objective of this study was to use genomics and metabolomics analyses to examine changes in rumen microbiology and organism metabolism of Jersey cows with different feeding strategies. Methods We selected 12 Jersey cows with similar body conditions and kept them for 60 days under grazing (n = 6) and house-feeding (n = 6) conditions. At the end of the experiment, samples of rumen fluid and serum were collected from Jersey cows that had been fed using different feeding strategies. The samples were analyzed for rumen fermentation parameters, rumen bacterial communities, serum antioxidant and immunological indices, and serum metabolomics. The results of the study were examined to find appropriate feeding strategies for Jersey cows during the cold season on the Tibetan plateau. Results The results of rumen fermentation parameters showed that concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and ammonia nitrogen in the house-feeding group (Group B) were significantly higher than in the grazing group (Group G) (P < 0.05). In terms of the rumen bacterial community 16S rRNA gene, the Chao1 index was significantly higher in Group G than in Group B (P = 0.038), while observed species, Shannon and Simpson indices were not significantly different from the above-mentioned groups (P > 0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed no significant differences in the composition of the rumen microbiota between the two groups. Analysis of serum antioxidant and immune indices showed no significant differences in total antioxidant capacity between Group G and Group B (P > 0.05), while IL-6, Ig-M , and TNF-α were significantly higher in Group G than in Group B (P < 0.05). LC-MS metabolomics analysis of serum showed that a total of 149 major serum differential metabolites were found in Group G and Group B. The differential metabolites were enriched in the metabolic pathways of biosynthesis of amino acids, protein digestion and absorption, ABC transporters, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. These data suggest that the house-feeding strategy is more beneficial to improve the physiological state of Jersey cows on the Tibetan Plateau during the cold season when forages are in short supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niuniu Yuan
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yicui Wang
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qihao Pan
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Shihao Sun
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quji Suolang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Luobu Ciren
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Luosang Danzeng
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhuza Basang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Hongxia Lian
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
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Keady TWJ, Hanrahan JP. Effects of reseeding with perennial ryegrass, chicory or tyfon in pure stands or mixtures on lamb performance postweaning. Animal 2023; 17:100916. [PMID: 37634326 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many producers reseed old pasture (OP) with the objective of improving lamb performance. Old pasture was reseeded with perennial ryegrass plus white clover (RGC), RGC plus chicory (CG), RGC plus tyfon (TG), chicory (C), or tyfon (T) to generate five treatments. In addition, a contiguous block of OP was included in the study for comparative purposes. Lambs (n = 286) were assigned to one of the five treatments plus the section of OP from just after weaning until slaughter. Grazing commenced 45 days after the desiccation of OP for reseeding. All lambs were managed by rotational grazing and drafted for slaughter at a specified target BW. No concentrate supplement was offered during the study. For the RGC, CG, TG, C and T treatments and the OP section, the average herbage NDF concentrations were 524, 473, 402, 352, 256 and 565 (SE 15.4) g/kg DM; total grazing days were 5 213, 4 005, 4 466, 2 262, 3 496 and 3 677 (SE 629.3); BW gain to slaughter was 211, 175, 205, 211, 199 and 203 (SE 9.5) g/day; days to slaughter were 91, 100, 84, 86, 78 and 88 (SE 4.8). Compared to RGC, the C, T, CG and TG treatments had lower herbage NDF concentrations (P < 0.05), and there was no difference (P > 0.05) for BW gain or days to slaughter. Chicory yielded significantly fewer (P < 0.05) grazing days, but tended to give a higher (P < 0.06) carcass weight than RGC. It is concluded that neither reseeding OP with RGC, including either C or T with RGC as a multispecies sward, nor growing pure stands of C or T increased (P < 0.05) lamb BW gain from weaning to slaughter or reduced days to slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W J Keady
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland.
| | - J P Hanrahan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Anna C, Martyna P, Marcin S, Dawid W. Habitat use by semi-feral Konik horses on wetlands-three-year GPS study. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1033. [PMID: 37563498 PMCID: PMC10415426 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Free-ranging grazers are increasingly being introduced to areas of high natural value, such as wetlands. There is also growing attention that has been paid to the historical role of herbivores in shaping ecosystems and landscapes. Even though studies on the grazing of free-range horses were carried out in different regions and climates, still little is known about their habitat selection on heterogeneous marshy areas in the temperate region of Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate the habitat use by contemporary Konik horses during the growing season on the basis of three-year GPS data for a semi-feral herd kept on wetlands. Almost 68% of the occurrence of Konik horses were in open habitats. The assessment of habitat selection by the horses confirmed their strong preferences for grasslands on mid-forest dunes and forest avoidance. Konik horses somewhat preferred mowed fen meadows, but the animals displayed differences in the selection of habitat, probably depending on its humidity and weather conditions in a given year which may limit the role of grazing in protecting these communities. Horses need different habitats in wetlands such as fen meadows, forest, and grasslands on the mineral hills. This should be taken into consideration for landscape management in areas where the introduction of wild or semi-wild horse populations is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chodkiewicz Anna
- Institute of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Prończuk Martyna
- Institute of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Studnicki Marcin
- Institute of Agriculture, Department of Biometry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wójcik Dawid
- , Biebrza National Park, Osowiec-Twierdza 8, 19-110, Goniądz, Poland
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Cui X, Wang Z, Yan T, Chang S, Hou F. Modulation of feed digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, energy utilisation and serum biochemical indices by dietary Ligularia virgaurea supplementation in Tibetan sheep. Animal 2023; 17:100910. [PMID: 37544052 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligularia virgaurea is the most widely functional native herbage in the alpine meadow pastures of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and has multiple pharmacological and biological activities. The effect of L. virgaurea as a dietary component on the digestion and metabolism of sheep was evaluated by conducting feeding trials in metabolic cages. Thirty-two Tibetan yearling rams (29 ± 1.56 kg BW) were randomly allotted to four groups included in a completely randomised design with eight animals per treatment. Sheep were fed a basal diet (freshly native pasture) without the addition of L. virgaurea (control) or with the addition of L. virgaurea (100, 200, or 300 mg/kg BW per day) for 45 days. Addition of L. virgaurea to the diet of Tibetan sheep was found to influence the average daily gain (quadratic [Q], P < 0.001), feed conversion ratio (Q, P = 0.002), CH4 emissions (linear [L], P = 0.029), DM (Q, P = 0.012), neutral detergent fibre (Q, P = 0.017), acid detergent fibre (ADF) (Q, P = 0.027), and ether extract (EE) intake (Q, P = 0.026). Apparently, different levels of L. virgaurea affected the digestibility coefficients of DM, ADF, and EE (L, P > 0.05; Q, P < 0.05). The nitrogen (N) intake (Q, P = 0.001), retained nitrogen (Q, P < 0.001), and N utilisation efficiency (L, P > 0.05; Q, P ≤ 0.001) were also affected by the dietary inclusion of L. virgaurea. Effects of L. virgaurea feeding were also witnessed on methane energy (CH4-E) (L, P = 0.029), gross energy (GE) (Q, P = 0.013), digestible energy (DE) (Q, P = 0.015), and metabolisable energy (ME) intake (Q, P = 0.015). Energy utilisation efficiency expressed as a proportion of GE intake (DE/GE intake, ME/GE intake, ME/DE intake, FE/GE intake, and CH4-E/GE intake) manifested quadratic changes (P < 0.05) with the increase in the L. virgaurea supplementation level. The addition of L. virgaurea increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (Q, P = 0.026) and glutathione peroxidase activity (Q, P = 0.039) in the serum. Overall, the greatest improvement of feed digestibility, N retention, energy utilisation, and antioxidant capacity of Tibetan sheep was yielded by the inclusion of 200 mg/kg BW per day of L. virgaurea. Therefore, the addition of an appropriate amount of L. virgaurea to the diet of Tibetan sheep is safe and natural, and may enhance the sustainability of small ruminant production systems in QTP areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongxiong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Livestock Production Science Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, County Down BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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Trethewy M, Mayer-Pinto M, Dafforn KA. Urban shading and artificial light at night alter natural light regimes and affect marine intertidal assemblages. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 193:115203. [PMID: 37392591 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Urban development in many coastal cities has resulted in altered natural light regimes, with many coastal habitats being artificially shaded during the daytime by built structures such as seawalls and piers, while artificial light emitted from buildings and associated infrastructure creates pollution at night. As a result, these habitats may experience changes to community structure and impacts on key ecological processes such as grazing. This study investigated how changes to light regimes affect the abundance of grazers on natural and artificial intertidal habitats in Sydney Harbour, Australia. We also examined whether differences in patterns of responses to shading or artificial light at night (ALAN) varied across different areas within the Harbour, characterised by different overall levels of urbanisation. As predicted, light intensity was greater during the daytime on rocky shores than seawalls at the more urbanised sites of the harbour. We found a negative relationship between the abundance of grazers and increasing light during the daytime on rocky shores (inner harbour) and seawalls (outer harbour). We found similar patterns at night on rocky shores, with a negative relationship between the abundance of grazers and light. However, on seawalls, grazer abundances increased with increasing night-time lux levels, but this was mainly driven by one site. Overall, we found the opposite patterns for algal cover. Our findings corroborate those of previous studies that found that urbanisation can significantly affect natural light cycles, with consequences to ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Trethewy
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mariana Mayer-Pinto
- Centrefor Marine Science and Innovation, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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Zanou MAM, Zannou A, Aoudji AKN, Houinato MRB, Dossa LH. Heterogeneity of preferences and breeders' willingness to pay for improved livestock system in Benin, West Africa. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19172. [PMID: 37664723 PMCID: PMC10470089 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The productivity of livestock, including small ruminants, in Benin, is very low, and their management practices in terms of feeding, health and reproduction do not ensure their optimal production. This research aimed to assess the willingness of sheep and goat keepers to pay for an improved breeding system. Data collection from 118 sheep and 375 goat breeders selected in six agroecological zones of Benin was undertaken using the choice experiments. The mixed logit model revealed heterogeneity in the preferences of small ruminant keepers for breeds, feeding practices, health treatments and reproductive control. This heterogeneity of preferences was confirmed by the latent class logit model results, which revealed the existence of four classes of sheep breeders and three classes of goat breeders. Irrespective of species, small ruminant breeders were generally willing to use herbal medicine or combine it with modern veterinary medicine and adopt Sahelian breeds or crossbreeds (Sahelian x Djallonke). They were not willing to adapt neither zero grazing nor controlled reproduction. The combination of the coefficient estimates of the latent class logit model and the determinants of class membership showed that herders in southern Benin with small and monospecific herds were the most willing to introduce changes in their breeding system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Aménia Monsoyi Zanou
- .Laboratoire d’Agroéconomie et d’Agrobusiness (LAGEC-B), Ecole d’Economie, de Socio-Anthropologie et de Communication pour le développement rural, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Afio Zannou
- .Laboratoire d’Agroéconomie et d’Agrobusiness (LAGEC-B), Ecole d’Economie, de Socio-Anthropologie et de Communication pour le développement rural, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Augustin Kossi Nounagnon Aoudji
- .Laboratoire d’Agroéconomie et d’Agrobusiness (LAGEC-B), Ecole d’Economie, de Socio-Anthropologie et de Communication pour le développement rural, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Marcel Romuald Benjamin Houinato
- Ecole des Sciences et Techniques de Production Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Luc Hippolyte Dossa
- Ecole des Sciences et Techniques de Production Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Wentao M, Shiming T, Le Q, Weibo R, Fry EL, De Long JR, Margerison RCP, Yuan C, Xiaomin L. Grazing reduces plant sexual reproduction but increases asexual reproduction: A global meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:162850. [PMID: 36931513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Grazing affects grasslands worldwide. However, the global patterns and general mechanisms of how grazing affects plant reproductive traits are poorly understood, especially in the context of different climates and grazing duration. We conducted a meta-analysis of 114 independent grazing studies worldwide that measured plant reproductive traits in grasslands. The results showed that the number of tillers of plant increased under grazing. Grazing did not affect the number of reproductive branches of forbs, but significantly reduced the number of reproductive branches of grasses. Grazing increased the number of vegetative branches of all plants and reduced the proportion of reproductive branches. Grazing significantly reduced the number of flowers in forbs. Seed yield in the two plant functional groups was reduced compared with no-grazing. Under grazing, the sexual reproduction of grasses decreased much more substantially than that of forbs. This may be due to biomass allocation pattern of grasses under grazing (i.e., belowground versus aboveground). Under grazing, plants tended to adopt rapid, low-input asexual reproduction rather than long-term, high-risk sexual reproduction. This study represents the first large-scale evaluation of plant reproductive trait responses under grazing and demonstrates that grazing inhibits sexual reproduction and promotes asexual reproduction. The effect of grazing on plant sexual reproduction was influenced by grazing intensity, mean annual precipitation, and grazing duration. These results will assist in the development of sustainable grazing management strategies to improve the balance between human welfare and grassland ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wentao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Tang Shiming
- Key Laboratory of Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Qi Le
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ren Weibo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding and Seed Production of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia M-Grass Ecology and Environment (Group)Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010016, China.
| | - Ellen L Fry
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Jonathan R De Long
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED-ELD), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reuben C P Margerison
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chi Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Liu Xiaomin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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Sun J, Lv W, Li B, Zhou Y, Luo C, Zhang Z, Wang A, Lv J, Liu S, Wu J, Dorji T, Wang S. Asymmetric warming reduces the strength of selection pressure of moderate grazing on reproductive phenology in alpine plants. Sci Total Environ 2023:164980. [PMID: 37348712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Both warming and grazing already affect the reproductive phenology of alpine plants. However, their effects have mostly been studied in isolation, and their interaction is still unclear. In this study, an asymmetric warming (average + 1.2 °C during daytime and + 1.7 °C during nighttime and + 1.5 °C during summer and + 2.0 °C during winter) with moderate grazing experiment was conducted for four years to determine their individual and interactive effects on the onsets and durations of reproductive phenophases for fifteen alpine plant species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Individual warming and grazing simultaneously advanced the average start dates and ending dates of budding, flowering and fruiting by 5.3-6.2 days, and further resulted in smaller effects on their durations for most plant species. The interactions between warming and grazing on them varied with plant species and year, which advanced by average 12.1 days for all plant species. The effects of grazing on the temperature sensitivity of the start dates of reproductive phenophases (average by -8.5 days °C-1) were greater than that of warming alone (average by -3.4 days °C-1) and warming with grazing (average by -5.5 days °C-1) for most of the alpine plant species. There were significant effects of the previous phenological events on subsequent reproductive phenophases. Therefore, our results suggested that both warming and grazing advanced reproductive phenophases through altered soil temperature and soil moisture and carry-over effects of previous phenological events on subsequent phenological events. Warming reduced the temperature sensitivity of the start dates of reproductive phenophases to grazing, suggesting that it depressed strength of selection pressure of grazing on the onsets of reproductive phenology in alpine plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wangwang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caiyun Luo
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Xining 810008, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Xining 810008, China
| | - A Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingya Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Jing Wu
- Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China
| | - Tsechoe Dorji
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China.
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You Y, Liu Y, Xiao T, Hou F. Effects of grazing and nitrogen application on greenhouse gas emissions in alpine meadow. Sci Total Environ 2023; 894:164894. [PMID: 37343880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Overgrazing and injudicious nitrogen applications have increased emissions of greenhouse gases from grassland ecosystems. To explore the effects and potential mechanisms of grazing, nitrogen application, and their interaction with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, field experiments were conducted on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for three consecutive years. Alpine meadow plots were subjected to light (8 sheep ha-1) and heavy (16 sheep ha-1) stocking rates, with or without ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) (90 kg N ha-1 yr-1) treatment to simulate soil nitrogen deposition. During early warm growth season (May-June), peak growth season (July-September), and early cold season (October-November), static-chamber gas chromatography was used to analyze the soil's greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4). Results indicated that light stocking rate (LG) led to an increase in cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions, while also promoting CH4 uptake. Conversely, heavy stocking rate (HG) produced contrasting outcomes. Additionally, nitrogen applications significantly increased the short-term CO2 and N2O fluxes peaks. Combined treatment of nitrogen application and light stocking rate (LG + N) resulted in increased CO2 and N2O emissions while decreased CH4 uptake, consequently leading to a significant increase in global warming potential. According to the structural equation model, we discovered that nitrogen application and grazing affected GHG fluxes both directly and indirectly through their impact on the environmental factors. Our findings suggest that in the context of increasing nitrogen deposition in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a moderate increase in stocking rate is more effective than reducing grazing intensity for mitigating global warming potential in alpine meadow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Tianhao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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Forti LR, Travassos MLDO, Coronel-Bejarano D, Miranda DF, Souza D, Sabino J, Szabo JK. Posts Supporting Anti-Environmental Policy in Brazil are Shared More on Social Media. Environ Manage 2023; 71:1188-1198. [PMID: 36443526 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Weakening environmental laws supported by disinformation are currently of concern in Brazil. An example of disinformation is the case of the "firefighter cattle". Supporters of this idea believe that by consuming organic mass, cattle decrease the risk of fire in natural ecosystems. This statement was cited by a member of the Bolsonaro government in response to the unprecedented 2020 fires in the Pantanal, as well as in support of a new law that enables extensive livestock in protected areas of this biome. By suggesting that grazing benefits the ecosystem, the "firefighter cattle" argument supports the interests of agribusiness. However, it ignores the real costs of livestock production on biodiversity. We analysed the social repercussion of the "firefighter cattle" by analysing public reactions to YouTube, Facebook, and Google News posts. These videos and articles and the responses to them either agreed or disagreed with the "firefighter cattle". Supportive posts were shared more on social media and triggered more interactions than critical posts. Even though many netizens disagreed with the idea of "firefighter cattle", it has gone viral, and was used as a tool to strengthen anti-environmental policies. We advocate that government institutions should use resources and guidelines provided by the scientific community to raise awareness. These materials include international reports produced by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We need to curb pseudoscience and misinformation in political discourse, avoiding misconceptions that threaten natural resources and confuse global society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rodriguez Forti
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina, CEP: 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina, CEP: 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572 - Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Magno Lima de Oliveira Travassos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina, CEP: 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo da Biodiversidade, Universidade Católica do Salvador, Av. Prof. Pinto de Aguiar, 2589 - Pituaçu, CEP: 41740-090, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diana Coronel-Bejarano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina, CEP: 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Fernandes Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina, CEP: 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - David Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina, CEP: 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José Sabino
- Brazilian Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services - BPBES, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Judit K Szabo
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Campus de Ondina, CEP: 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, 0909, Australia
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Sibra C, Brunschwig G. Data on 2341 grass fields from 100 mountain-area dairy farms in France: Agricultural uses and geographical characteristics. Data Brief 2023; 48:109242. [PMID: 37383785 PMCID: PMC10294003 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reports data collected by survey from 100 dairy farmers located in a mountainous area (France), including 72 farmers engaged in the traditional Salers system and 28 farmers engaged in a specialised dairy system. The questionnaire covered all uses of all grass fields during the entire outdoor period, considering 'field' as an area that was used in the same way throughout the entire period. Cutting dates, grazing dates, animal categories and numbers were recorded using a grazing and harvesting schedule. We also recorded key geographical and physical characteristics of each field, i.e. main slope, altitude, area, and distance from the farmstead. Each field in the presented database is thus described by 47 quantitative and qualitative variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Sibra
- Corresponding author at: VetAgro Sup, 89 avenue de l'Europe, BP 35, 63370 Lempdes, France.
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Canham R, Rourke J, Ydenberg RC. The exploitation of biofilm by migrant western sandpipers ( Calidrismauri). Heliyon 2023; 9:e17268. [PMID: 37408920 PMCID: PMC10319247 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the quality of migratory shorebird stopover sites requires good measures of food availability. We developed simple methods to measure biofilm grazing by migrant western sandpipers (Calidris mauri), a species for which biofilm is an important dietary component. We used a field-portable chlorofluorometer to measure the density of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in surficial biofilms on Roberts Bank, a large intertidal mudflat in British Columbia, Canada, during northward migration. Chl-a density begins at a low level during each diurnal emersion period, and increases steadily during emersion at 4.1 mg m-2 h-1 for a total of ∼24.6 mg m-2 over a typical 6 h emersion period and ∼41 mg m-2 over a 10 h emersion period. Western sandpipers grazed at 1.35-1.45 mg Chl-a m-2 min-1, thus biofilm production supports 17.6 min m-2 of grazing time during a 6 h low tide period and 29.3 min m-2 during a 10 h period. During peak northward migration, the average grazing intensity of western sandpipers over an intertidal emersion period was 3.3-6.4 min m-2, suggesting that biofilm accumulation was 2.7-8.8 fold greater than the amount consumed. We found Chl-a density was highest (∼65 mg per m2) within 40 m of the shoreline. Grazing intensity was lowest close to shore, where predation risk from falcon attacks is highest. Grazing intensity peaked at 240 m and then declined, lowering Chl-a density at greater distances to a uniform level of ∼54 mg m-2. These results indicate that interactions between biofilm production and sandpiper grazing underlie spatio-temporal patterns in biofilm abundance on Roberts Bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Canham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, British Columbia, V4K3N2, Canada
| | - James Rourke
- Ausenco 18th Floor, 4515 Central Boulevard, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5H 0C6, Canada
| | - Ronald C. Ydenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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Zhang Y, Jin B, Zhang X, Wei H, Chang Q, Huang F, Liu W, Lv Y, Xu Q, Sun G, Cheng H. Grazing alters the relationships between species diversity and biomass during community succession in a semiarid grassland. Sci Total Environ 2023; 887:164155. [PMID: 37182768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEF) are crucial for ecosystem management. However, little is known about how grazing affects BEF relationships in the context of ecological succession. Here, using a 5-year experiment in a semiarid grassland of the Loess Plateau, China, we mainly focused on how grazing affected the relationships between plant species diversity and aboveground biomass (AGB) and explored the underlying mechanisms behind the relationships. In addition, we compared the plant dynamics of community composition and structure under no-grazing and grazing treatments during succession. We found that the plant species diversity-AGB relationship shifted from a negative-linear pattern in no-grazing to a humped-back model in grazing during plant community succession, suggesting that grazing could regulate dominant species and alter the availability of light resources to suppress competitive exclusion during succession. In addition, changes in annual plants over time played crucial roles in the BEF relationships. The increase in annual Salsola collina in this study, which also alters multiple mechanisms of plant interaction, had a significant effect on the negative-linear relationship both with and without grazing. On average, compared to no-grazing treatment, grazing significantly decreased the plant community density (39.53 %), cover (16.97 %), height (7.85 %), and AGB (9.35 %), but increased plant diversity, including species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index, and especially dramatically enhanced the Shannon-Wiener index (ranging from 1.55 to 2.13). These results underline the close association between grazing and the dynamics of plant communities in semiarid grasslands during succession. In particular, our findings further reveal grazing-dependent relationships between diversity and AGB, which have significant implications for the management and biodiversity conservation measures of semiarid grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Baocheng Jin
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Huihui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qingqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guojun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Hua Cheng
- School of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Makhtoumi Y, Abbasi A, Seyedmakhtoom B, Ibeanusi V, Chen G. Evaluating soil loss under land use management and extreme rainfall. J Contam Hydrol 2023; 256:104181. [PMID: 37058854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Topsoil loss is a widespread environmental concern causing adverse impacts on natural and human systems. Severe weather accompanied with human activities can exacerbate this issue degrading soil health and consequently accelerating global and regional food insecurity. Erosion impairs soil physical and chemical properties such as infiltration rate, water holding capacity, loss of nutrients including soil carbon and nitrogen. Although, temporal properties of a rainfall event have meaningful implications, spatial heterogeneity of a rainfall contributes substantially and cannot be overlooked. Therefore, in this study, we investigated soil loss using weather radar NEXRAD data. We developed extreme rainfall (ER) scenarios and land use practices (nomgt, S0, S1, S2, and S3) and evaluated the watershed response. We found that grazing can manifold soil loss, and if accompanied with extreme rainfalls, soil loss accelerates impacting different subbasins each time. Our results suggest that spatial heterogeneity of ERs can be more significant in individual extreme rainfalls, however, over a year, soil moisture and type of the management practices (grazing and farming) could contribute more to topsoil loss. We classified watershed subbasins into different classes of soil loss severity to determine the soil loss hotspots. Soil loss can go as high as 350 (ton/ha/yr) under the ERs. Land use practices can increase erosion by 3600%. Slight increase in rainfall concentration (S1) can put vulnerable subbasins in extremely severe class (>150 ton/ha/yr). Under moderate increase in the rainfall concentration (S2) more subbasins fall into extremely severe category yielding approximately 200 ton/ha/yr. Under high increase in rainfall concentration (S3) almost all the subbasins fall into the extremely severe class yielding >200 ton/ha/yr. We found that in vulnerable subbasins, up to 10% increase in (Concentration Ratio Index) CI can increase annual soil loss up to 75%. Single ER can generate up to 35% of annual soil loss. Under one ER event soil loss hotspot subbasins can lose up to 160 ton/ha/day. 32% and 80% increase in rainfall amount for an ER event can increase soil loss by 94% and 285% respectively. The results, also, reveal that grazing and farming can be responsible for up 50% of soil loss. Our findings indicate the importance of site-specific managements to mitigate soil loss and all the consequences. Our study can help in better soil loss management implementation. Insights of our study may also help in water quality control and flood mitigation planning efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Makhtoumi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Baset Seyedmakhtoom
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1363, Iran.
| | - Victor Ibeanusi
- School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
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Rigby H, Dowding A, Fernandes A, Humphries D, Petch RG, Reynolds CK, Rose M, Smith SR. Transfer of polychlorinated, brominated and mixed-halogenated dioxins, furans and biphenyls, polychlorinated naphthalenes and alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes to the milk of dairy cattle from controlled ingestion of industrial and municipal bioresources recycled to agricultural land. Sci Total Environ 2023; 886:163546. [PMID: 37080322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recycled bioresources (biosolids, compost-like-output, meat and bonemeal ash, poultry litter ash, paper sludge ash) were added to the feed of dairy cattle to simulate incidental ingestion from agricultural utilisation, to investigate the transfer of organic contaminants from the ingested materials to milk. The bioresources were blended with a loamy sand soil at agronomic rates to simulate a single application to land, which was added to the diet at 5 % of the total intake on a dry matter (DM) basis. Biosolids, and control treatments consisting of unamended soil, were also added directly to the feed at 5 % DM. The cattle were fed the bioresource amended diets for a target period of three to four weeks, depending on material, and monitoring continued for four weeks after treatment withdrawal. Milk samples were taken weekly with chemical analysis of selected samples for a range of organic contaminants including: polychlorinated, polybrominated and mixed-halogenated dioxins, furans and biphenyls, polychlorinated naphthalenes and alkanes (often called chlorinated paraffins), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes. No statistically significant additional transfer of organic contaminants to the milk was detected when bioresources were blended with soil due to the relatively low levels of contaminants present when the bioresources were blended with soil at agronomic rates. However, direct biosolids ingestion by cattle significantly increased the transfer of contaminants to milk in comparison to control animals. Although present in larger concentrations in biosolids than their chlorinated counterparts, the carry over rates and bioconcentration factors for brominated dioxins and furans were considerably smaller. Direct ingestion of biosolids resulted in most contaminants approaching, but not always completely reaching, steady state concentrations within the treatment feeding period, however, concentrations generally declined to control values within four-weeks after withdrawing the biosolids-amended diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rigby
- Imperial College Consultants Ltd., 58 Prince's Gate, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2PG, UK
| | - Alan Dowding
- Chemical Contaminants and Residues Branch, Food Safety Policy, Food Standards Agency, Clive House, 70 Petty France, London SW1H 9EX, UK
| | | | - David Humphries
- The University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Centre for Dairy Research, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AR, UK
| | | | - Christopher K Reynolds
- The University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Centre for Dairy Research, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Martin Rose
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Stephen R Smith
- Imperial College Consultants Ltd., 58 Prince's Gate, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2PG, UK.
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Hanberry BB, Faison EK. Re-framing deer herbivory as a natural disturbance regime with ecological and socioeconomic outcomes in the eastern United States. Sci Total Environ 2023; 868:161669. [PMID: 36681343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural disturbances are critical ecosystem processes, with both ecological and socioeconomic benefits and disadvantages. Large herbivores are natural disturbances that have removed plant biomass for millions of years, although herbivore influence likely has declined during the past thousands of years corresponding with extinctions and declines in distributions and abundances of most animal species. Nonetheless, the conventional view, particularly in eastern North America, is that herbivory by large wild herbivores is at unprecedented levels, resulting in unnatural damage to forests. Here, we propose consideration of large herbivores as a natural disturbance that also imparts many crucial ecological advantages, using white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the only wild large herbivore remaining throughout the eastern U.S., as our focal species. We examined evidence of detrimental effects of browsing on trees and forbs. We then considered that deer contribute to both fuel reduction and ecological restoration of herbaceous plants and historical open forests of savannas and woodlands by controlling tree and shrub densities, mimicking the consumer role of fire. Similarly to other disturbances, deer disturbance 'regimes' are uneven in severity across different ecosystems and landscapes, resulting in heterogeneity and diversity. In addition to biodiversity support and fuel reduction, socioeconomic benefits include >$20 billion dollars per year by 10 million hunters that support jobs and wildlife agencies, non-consumptive enjoyment of nature by 80 million people, cultural importance, and deer as ecological ambassadors, whereas costs include about $5 billion and up to 450 human deaths per year for motor vehicle accidents, along with crop damage and disease transmission. From a perspective of historical ecology rather than current baselines, deer impart a fundamental disturbance process with many ecological benefits and a range of socioeconomic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice B Hanberry
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Rapid City, SD 57702, United States of America.
| | - Edward K Faison
- Highstead, PO Box 1097, Redding, CT 06875, United States of America
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Armenteras D, González-Delgado TM, González-Trujillo JD, Meza-Elizalde MC. Local stakeholder perceptions of forest degradation: Keys to sustainable tropical forest management. Ambio 2023; 52:733-742. [PMID: 36369604 PMCID: PMC9989062 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Land use policies and planning in Latin America have been partially successful in halting deforestation yet have not stopped forest degradation. Here, we study the different stakeholders' perspectives of the drivers of forest degradation. We use Colombia as a case study for understanding synergies and trade-offs of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and analyzed what the most important causes are, to whom it matters, and their regional contribution. We identified a common perception, but miscommunication and misunderstandings occur between local- and national-level actors in terms of their views on responsibilities and rates of change. The results are a call for action. Cross-scale governance is necessary to improve the design and implementation of policies for forest management at the subnational and local levels and to ensure that we move toward sustainable development without worsening existing inequalities. It is essential that countries provide the enabling conditions to develop a coherent governing framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Armenteras
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio 421, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. CP 111321 Colombia
| | - Tania Marisol González-Delgado
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio 421, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. CP 111321 Colombia
| | - Juan David González-Trujillo
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio 421, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. CP 111321 Colombia
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Constanza Meza-Elizalde
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio 421, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. CP 111321 Colombia
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Legendre M, Bégin C. Group therapy to reduce maladaptive eating behaviors in people with overweight or obesity: Does food addiction impact the treatment response? Eat Behav 2023; 49:101720. [PMID: 36931049 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that the presence of food addiction worsens the clinical portrait in people with overweight or obesity, it could also impact the treatment response. The objective was to explore the moderating effect of baseline food addiction (FA) on the treatment response. The associations between changes in FA symptoms and other maladaptive eating behaviors were also examined. METHODS Sixty adults with overweight or obesity were recruited and took part in a 12-session group therapy for compulsive eating. They completed questionnaires on FA and three treatment outcomes (binge eating, grazing, and depressive symptoms). Participants were split into two groups according to their number of baseline FA symptoms (no/mild FA vs. moderate/severe FA) and were compared on all outcomes at four measurement points (baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up). Correlations between changes in FA symptoms and all three outcomes from pre- to post-treatment were performed. RESULTS Group and treatment effects were significant for binge eating and grazing but not for depressive symptoms. Interaction effects were not significant for the three outcomes. The reduction in FA symptoms from pre- to post-treatment was positively associated with the reduction in binge eating (r = 0.49) and grazing (r = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS People with moderate/severe FA maintained higher maladaptive eating behaviors than people with no/mild FA from the beginning to the end of the treatment. Progression through treatment followed the same pattern for both groups, suggesting that baseline FA did not have a moderating effect. People with moderate/severe FA would likely benefit from a longer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Legendre
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Laval University, Quebec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Laval University, Quebec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
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46
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Tälle M, Öckinger E, Löfroth T, Pettersson LB, Smith HG, Stjernman M, Ranius T. Land sharing complements land sparing in the conservation of disturbance-dependent species. Ambio 2023; 52:571-584. [PMID: 36565407 PMCID: PMC9849535 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of natural disturbances in human-modified landscapes has resulted in many disturbance-dependent species becoming rare. Conservation of such species requires efforts to maintain or recreate disturbance regimes. We compared benefits of confining efforts to habitats in protected areas (a form of land sparing) versus integrating them with general management of production land (a form of land sharing), using two examples: fire in forests and grazing in semi-natural grasslands. We reviewed empirical studies from the temperate northern hemisphere assessing effects of disturbances in protected and non-protected areas, and compiled information from organisations governing and implementing disturbances in Sweden. We found advantages with protection of areas related to temporal continuity and quality of disturbances, but the spatial extent of disturbances is higher on production land. This suggests that an approach where land sparing is complemented with land sharing will be most effective for preservation of disturbance-dependent species in forests and semi-natural grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Tälle
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Therese Löfroth
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars B. Pettersson
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Stjernman
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ranius
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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47
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Neville OB, Fahey AG, Mulligan FJ. Comparison of milk and grass composition from grazing Irish dairy herds with and without milk fat depression. Ir Vet J 2023; 76:5. [PMID: 36843021 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the factors relating to pasture chemical and fatty acid (FA) composition that influence the milk fat percentage of spring calving, grazing dairy cows. The relationship between milk fat percentage and FA composition of the milk in these herds was also investigated. RESULTS Milk protein percentage, milk casein percentage and cheddar cheese yield were increased in milk from HMF herds. Cows from LMF herds did not have negatively altered milk processability including rennet coagulation time (RCT), pH and ethanol stability. Crude protein, NDF, ADF, ether extract and total FA content of pasture was not different between LMF and HMF herds. Milk fat concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) t10, c12 was not different between HMF and LMF herds. Pre-grazing herbage mass and pasture content of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and total FA were similar between HMF and LMF herds. Pasture offered to LMF herds had a higher concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). A strong negative relationship (r = -0.40) was evident between milk fat percentage and pasture crude protein content for MMF herds (3.31-3.94% milk fat). CONCLUSIONS This research reports improved milk protein percentage, milk casein percentage and cheddar cheese yield from HMF herds compared to LMF herds. Milk processability was not impacted by low milk fat percentage. Pasture NDF and total fatty acid content was similar in HMF herds and LMF herds. Milk fat percentage had a strong negative association (r = -0.40) with pasture crude protein content in MMF herds (MF 3.31-3.94%). Correlation values between pasture chemical and FA composition and milk fat percentage in LMF herds and HMF herds were low, indicating that diet is not the only causative factor for variation in milk fat of grazing dairy cows. Comparison of milk fatty acid composition from herds with and without milk fat depression suggests that there may be other fatty acids apart from CLA t10, c12 that contribute to the inhibition of milk fat synthesis during milk fat depression in grazing herds.
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48
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Kasiske T, Dauber J, Harpke A, Klimek S, Kühn E, Settele J, Musche M. Livestock density affects species richness and community composition of butterflies: A nationwide study. Ecol Indic 2023; 146:109866. [PMID: 36777177 PMCID: PMC9904221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.109866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extensively managed grasslands are globally recognized for their high biodiversity value. Over the past century, a continuous loss and degradation of grassland habitats has been observed across Europe that is mainly attributable to agricultural intensification and land abandonment. Particularly insects have suffered from the loss of grassland habitats due to land-use change and the decrease in habitat quality, either due to an increase in livestock density, higher mowing frequency, and an increase in nitrogen fertilization, or by abandonment. However, only a few studies have used nationwide datasets to analyse the effects of land cover and land-use intensity on insects. It further remains largely unexplored how these effects are modulated by species traits, i.e. habitat specialisation and mobility. Using nationwide butterfly data originating from the German Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, we investigated the effect of three indicators related to land cover and agricultural land-use intensity on species richness as well as trait composition of butterfly communities. Based on agricultural census data at the municipality scale, we calculated the share of permanent grasslands (measure of habitat availability), the total livestock density (proxy for organic fertilization) and the livestock density of domestic herbivores (proxy for management intensity in grasslands) within a 2 km buffer surrounding each butterfly transect. To analyse the relationships between butterflies and indicators of land cover and land-use intensity, we applied generalised linear mixed effect models. We found a negative relationship between butterfly species richness and the livestock density of domestic herbivores. Further, the ratio of butterfly generalist to specialist species shifted towards generalists and the size of butterflies increased with higher herbivore livestock density, indicating a shift in communities towards mobile habitat generalists. Our results are in accordance with previous studies carried out across smaller geographic extents, highlighting the importance of low herbivore livestock densities to halt the loss of pollinating insects and safeguard biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. We here demonstrate that indicators based on livestock distribution data at the municipality scale can provide insights into processes and spatial diversity patterns of butterflies at the national level. Further, we highlight potentials and limitations of using agricultural census data to quantify and assess effects of land cover and land-use intensity on butterflies, and make recommendations for further research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Kasiske
- Thünen-Institute of Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany
- Biodiversity of Agricultural Landscapes, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Dauber
- Thünen-Institute of Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany
- Biodiversity of Agricultural Landscapes, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Harpke
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Kühn
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Josef Settele
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
- iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Martin Musche
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
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Guo Y, Boughton EH, Liao HL, Sonnier G, Qiu J. Direct and indirect pathways of land management effects on wetland plant litter decomposition. Sci Total Environ 2023; 854:158789. [PMID: 36122731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Litter decomposition is a fundamental process underpinning multiple ecosystem services. Despite a long history of research on decomposition, direct and indirect effects of multiple interactive land management on wetland decomposition yet remain less well understood. Here, we used a long-term whole-ecosystem wetland experiment in south-central Florida to investigate interactive effects of land-use intensification, cattle grazing and prescribed fire on in situ wetland plant litter decomposition. We further examined the direct and indirect pathways of land management effects on litter decomposition through changes in associated litter traits, soil properties, and soil microbial attributes using structural equation models. We used the litterbag technique that quantifies decomposition rates (k-values) and recalcitrant fractions (A-values). Our results showed that land-use intensification increased k-values in ungrazed wetlands and decreased k-values in grazed wetlands, but consistently reduced A-values regardless of other treatments. Prescribed fire individually suppressed litter decomposition by reducing k and increasing A. Further, these effects occurred through altering litter, soil, and microbial properties. Our results revealed that litter traits and soil properties were the first two strongest factors in determining wetland decomposition processes. Particularly, litter P and Mg contents and soil P and K contents were the best predictors for k, while litter Ca and lignin contents and soil pH, N and water content best predicted A. Moreover, microbial traits exhibited interactive effects with litter and soil properties to affect wetland litter decomposition. Our research suggests that cattle grazing could buffer against stimulating effect of land-use intensification on decomposition rates and thus avoid nutrient releases pulses. Our study further indicates that land-use intensification and fire suppression in subtropical wetlands could promote organic matter depletion and thus nutrient loss, highlighting the need to reduce anthropogenic disturbances to natural wetlands to maintain their capacity for providing associated regulating and supporting services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Ave, Davie, FL 33314, USA.
| | - Elizabeth H Boughton
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, 300 Buck Island Ranch Road, Lake Placid, FL 33852, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351, USA
| | - Grégory Sonnier
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, 300 Buck Island Ranch Road, Lake Placid, FL 33852, USA
| | - Jiangxiao Qiu
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Ave, Davie, FL 33314, USA.
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50
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Avilés-Nieto JN, Márquez-Mota CC, Hernández-Medrano JH, Ramírez-Bribiesca JE, Castillo-Gallegos E, Plascencia A, Castrejón-Pineda FA, Corona L. Effect of canola oil supplementation level on total tract digestion, ruminal fermentation, and methane emissions of cows grazing Urochloa sp. supplemented with a fixed amount of concentrate. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:77. [PMID: 36773073 PMCID: PMC9922234 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Four rumen-cannulated cows (Bos taurus × Bos indicus, 657 ± 92 kg body weight, BW) in a rotational grazing (Urochloa sp.) system were assigned to different canola oil (CO) inclusion levels, 0.0, 0.40, 0.80, and 1.2 g/kg according to shrunk body weight (SBW, BW adjusted for gastrointestinal filling) in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design to evaluate CO on the CH4 emissions and dietary energy intake. CH4 emissions were estimated using an infrared analyzer methodology (Sniffer method). Grass intake and fecal production were estimated using Cr2O3 as an external marker. CO supplementation increased (linear effect, P ≤ 0.05) total dry matter and gross energy intake with a linear increase (P = 0.09) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake. While digestible energy (Mcal/kg) linearly increased with increasing CO supplementation level (linear effect, P < 0.05), total tract digestion of organic matter, NDF, and CP was comparable (P > 0.05) between levels. Maximal CO supplementation (1.2 g/kg SBW) significantly decreased total ruminal protozoa population, acetate:propionate ratio, and enteric methane production (g/kg DMI) by 9, 5.3, and 17.5%, respectively. This study showed that, for cows grazing tropical forages, CO can be supplemented up to 1.2 g/kg SBW (5.8% of the total diet) without negatively affecting intake and nutrient digestion while reducing ruminal fermentation efficiency and enteric methane emission (≤ 17.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noe Avilés-Nieto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Cecilia Márquez-Mota
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Epigmenio Castillo-Gallegos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación Y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Francisco Alejandro Castrejón-Pineda
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Corona
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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