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Fernández C, Silva-Acevedo CA, Padilla-Orellana F, Zero D, Carvalho TS, Lussi A. Should We Wait to Brush Our Teeth?: A Scoping Review Regarding Dental Caries and Erosive Tooth Wear. Caries Res 2024:000538862. [PMID: 38621371 DOI: 10.1159/000538862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth brushing is a universal recommendation. However, the recommendations related to the time of its execution are conflicting, especially when dealing with patients at risk of erosive tooth wear (ETW) or dental caries. SUMMARY Our objective was to summarize the evidence on the timing of brushing with fluoridated toothpaste in relation to ETW and cariogenic dietary challenges. We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR checklist, using three databases searching for in-vivo, in-situ, or in-vitro studies involving human teeth exposed to either a cariogenic or an erosive challenge. Only models including human saliva and fluoride were assessed. Data selection, extraction, and risk of bias analysis were done in duplicate and independently. From 1,545 identified studies, 17 (16 related to ETW and 1 to dental caries) were included. Most evidence (n=10) supported that brushing with a fluoride-containing product does not increase ETW, independent of the moment of brushing. Delaying tooth brushing up to 1 hour (n=4) or individualized recommendations based on the patient's problem (n=2) were less frequent. Only one study reported that brushing pre- or post-meal does not affect Streptococcus mutans counts. Most data was in-situ (n=13), and the overall study quality was judged as sufficient/low risk of bias. KEY MESSAGES Although the available evidence lacked robust clinical studies, tooth brushing using fluoridated products immediately after an erosive challenge does not increase the risk of ETW and can be recommended, which is in line with recommendations for dental caries prevention. Furthermore, we suggest updating the international guidelines to promote individualized recommendations based on risk factors to prevent either ETW or dental caries.
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Sakae LO, Kairalla CA, Viana ÍEL, Carvalho TS, Niemeyer SH, Hara AT, Scaramucci T. Characteristics of tin-containing fluoride toothpastes related to erosive tooth wear protection. J Dent 2024; 143:104901. [PMID: 38417610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of different tin-containing toothpastes on the control of erosive tooth wear in enamel and dentin. METHODS Enamel and dentin slabs were randomly distributed into 7 experimental groups (n = 10/substrate): C-: negative control (Artificial saliva); AmF (regular fluoridated toothpaste without tin); Sn-1 (SnF2/NaF); Sn-2 (SnF2/NaF/SnCl2); Sn-3 (SnCl2/NaF); Sn-4 (SnF2/SnCl2); Sn-5 (SnCl2/AmF/NaF/chitosan). Specimens were submitted to 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling. Surface loss (SL) was determined with an optical profilometer. Tin deposition on the tooth surfaces and some characteristics of the toothpastes (pH, potentially available F-, %weight of solid particles, and RDA) were also assessed. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS For enamel, the Sn-2 presented the lowest SL, not differing significantly from AmF, C+, and Sn-3. The SL of these groups was significantly lower than the C-, except for Sn-3. Sn-1 and Sn-4 were also not significantly different from C-. For dentin, C- significantly showed the highest SL values, whilst, Sn-1 presented the lowest SL, not differing significantly from AmF, Sn-2, C+, and Sn-3. There was a significant positive association between enamel SL and the pH and tin deposition. Dentin SL was significantly negatively associated with the %weight of solid particles and RDA. CONCLUSIONS Most of the tin-toothpastes were able to exhibit some protection against ETW. In this process, the toothpastes characteristics play a role, as lower enamel SL was significantly associated with lower pH values and tin deposition; and lower dentin SL was associated with higher %weight of solid particles and RDA of the toothpastes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tin-containing toothpastes can be used for erosive tooth wear protection, but our study showed that their effect depends on the pH, amount of tin deposition, % weight of solid particles and RDA of the toohpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Allegrini Kairalla
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Comprehensive Care, Division of Operative Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anderson Takeo Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Muniz LP, Wendlinger M, Cochinski GD, Moreira P, Cardenas A, Carvalho TS, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Siqueira F. Effect of silver diamine fluoride on the longevity of the bonding properties to caries-affected dentine. J Dent 2024; 143:104897. [PMID: 38395377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the adhesive properties in dentine after the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on carious dentine lesions immediately and after 2 years of water storage. METHODS 96 human molars used were subjected to artificial dentine caries production, and then randomly divided into 12 experimental groups according to 1. application of an SDF solution (carious dentine lesion without SDF treatment [control], with 12 % silver diamine fluoride [SDF 12 %] or 38 % silver diamine fluoride [SDF 38 %]); 2. Universal adhesives (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick [CUQ] and Single Bond Universal [SBU]); 3. adhesive strategy (etch-and-rinse [ER] and self-etch [SE]). After restoration, the specimens were sectioned and submitted to the microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis (SEM/EDX). All tests were performed immediately and after 2 years of water storage. Data from the μTBS were analyzed using four-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Only the interaction of factors 'SDF' vs 'time' was significant (p = 0.03). After 2 years of storage, the groups where SDF was applied showed higher μTBS values compared to the control group. No significant decrease in μTBS values was observed for SBU when comparing immediate and 2-year results, but a significant reduction in μTBS values was observed after 2 years for CUQ. CONCLUSION Independent of the adhesive strategy, the use of SDF may be a promising alternative to maintain the bonding of universal adhesives to carious dentinal lesions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study may clarify and support clinicians regarding the longevity of resin-based restoration in caries-affected dentine treated with silver diamine fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Muniz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ceuma University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - M Wendlinger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M, Sala 64A - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - G D Cochinski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M, Sala 64A - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Pha Moreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ceuma University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Afm Cardenas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ceuma University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern University, Switzerland
| | - A D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M, Sala 64A - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil.
| | - A Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M, Sala 64A - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Fsf Siqueira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ceuma University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Wierichs RJ, Kaspari I, Maniewicz S, Campus G, Tennert C, Carvalho TS, Niemeyer SH. Diagnosing and recording root caries: A survey among Swiss dentists. J Dent 2024; 142:104870. [PMID: 38311018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the increase in the root caries prevalence, little is still known about how dentists manage this condition. The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of dentists on diagnosing and recording root caries lesions (RCL). METHODS The survey consisted of three domains: (1) dentists' knowledge on diagnosing, recording and managing RCL; (2) information about their current general clinical routines; and (3) their demographics. The four Swiss Universities distributed the survey via e-mail lists for alumni or professionals participating in continuing education. The data was quality checked. Construct validity, internal reliability and intraclass correlation (ICC) were assessed. RESULTS The survey was answered by 383 dentists from 25(out of 26) cantons [mean(SD) working experience: 22.5(12) years]. The majority replied that they see less than 5 patients with RCL per week, whereas 41 have at least 5 per week, and 40 % (157 dentists) do not distinguish RCL from coronal caries in their patients' medical records. When diagnosing active RCL, tactile sensation was the most predominant criterion (n = 380), whereas color (n = 224) and visual appearance (n = 129) of the lesion were less often selected. The most often chosen risk factors for RCL were poor oral hygiene and presence of biofilm.The responses were significantly influenced by the participants' place of education, their age and working area. CONCLUSION The present survey highlights the huge diversity in diagnosing, recording and assessing risk factors of RCL. The benefits of an appropriate diagnosis, recording and management of risk factors of RCL should be highlighted in under- and postgraduate dental education. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A great diversity in diagnosing, recording and assessing risk factors of RCL was observed, which migh strongly impact how dentists manage RCL. The study emphasizes the necessity for intensive efforts to bridge the gap between guideline recommendations and their implementation in private dental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Kaspari
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Maniewicz
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Christian Tennert
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
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Martini T, Câmara JVF, Dionizio A, Ventura TMO, Cassiano LDPS, de Souza E Silva CM, Taira EA, Araujo TT, Santos LA, Ferrari CR, Magalhães AC, Carvalho TS, Baumann T, Lussi A, Rios D, de Oliveira RB, Palma-Dibb RG, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomic analysis of stimulated saliva in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with and without erosive tooth wear: Observational study. J Dent 2023; 139:104724. [PMID: 37797812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the difference in the proteomic profile of stimulated saliva in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with (GE) and without (GNE) erosive tooth wear (ETW), regarding both human and bacterial proteins. METHODS Stimulated saliva (SS) was collected from 16 patients (8/group). Samples were centrifuged at 4.500 g for 15 min under refrigeration to remove all debris. The supernatant from each saliva sample was taken and frozen at -80 °C. After extracting the proteins, they were submitted to reverse phase liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Label-free proteomic quantification was performed using Protein Lynx Global Service (PLGS) software (p < 0.05) for human and bacterial proteins. RESULTS In total, 67 human proteins were common for GNE and GE groups. GNE group presented, compared to GE group, increase in proteins that confer antimicrobial and acid resistant properties, such as cystatins, histatin and immunoglobulins. However, GNE group had a marked decrease in subunits of hemoglobin (α, β and delta). Regarding bacterial proteins, for SS, 7 and 10 unique proteins were identified in the GE and GNE groups, respectively. They are related to protein synthesis and energy metabolism and interact with human proteins typically found in saliva and supramolecular complexes of the acquired pellicle. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the stimulation of the salivary flow increases acid resistant and antimicrobial proteins in saliva, which might protect against ETW. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This pioneer study showed important differences in the human and bacterial proteome of SS in patients with GERD with or without ETW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Martini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil.
| | - João Victor Frazão Câmara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Talita Mendes Oliveira Ventura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Luiza de Paula Silva Cassiano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Maria de Souza E Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Even Akemi Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Lethycia Almeida Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ruis Ferrari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Brandt de Oliveira
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café - Subsetor Oeste - 11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Vila Regina, Bauru, SP 17011-220, Brazil
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Sakae LO, Prado TP, Bezerra SJC, Niemeyer SH, Borges AB, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Film-Forming Polymers for Inhibition of Hydroxyapatite Dissolution: A Screening Study. Caries Res 2023; 57:602-612. [PMID: 37848001 DOI: 10.1159/000533546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of film-forming polymer solutions of different concentrations and pH values, either associated or not with sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F-), when applied during the initial stage of salivary pellicle formation, to prevent the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (HA), which was determined by the pH-stat method. Polyacrylic acid (PA), chitosan, sodium linear polyphosphate (LPP), polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA), and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were tested in three concentrations (lower, medium, and higher), two pH values (native or adjusted), and either associated or not with F. Distilled water, F, and stannous ion+fluoride (Sn/F; 225 ppm F- and 800 ppm Sn2+, as SnCl2) solutions were the controls, totalizing 63 groups. HA crystals were pretreated with human saliva for 1 min to allow pellicle formation, then immersed in the experimental solutions (1 min), and exposed to saliva for another 28 min. Subsequently, they were added to a 0.3% citric acid solution (pH = 3.8), connected to a pH-stat system that added aliquots of 28 μL 0.1 N HCl for a total reaction time of 5 min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). For PA alone, the concentrations of 0.1% (native pH), 0.06%, and 0.08% (both pH adjusted) showed significantly lower HA dissolution than the negative control. PA concentrations of 0.1% and 0.08%, of both pH values, improved the effect of F against HA dissolution to a near-identical value as Sn/F. All solutions containing chitosan and LPP significantly reduced HA dissolution in comparison with the control. For chitosan, the concentration of 0.5% (in both pH values) improved the effect of F. LPP at 0.5% (native pH) and all associations of LPP with F outperformed the effect of F. Some PVM/MA solutions significantly reduced HA dissolution but PVM/MA could not improve the protection of F. PGA was incapable of reducing HA dissolution or improving F effect. It was concluded that chitosan, LPP, and some PA and PVM/MA solutions used alone were capable of reducing HA dissolution. Only PA, chitosan, and LPP were able to enhance fluoride protection, but for PA and chitosan, this was influenced by the polymer concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taiana Paola Prado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Buhler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Boteon AP, Dos Santos NM, Lamana LDBK, Rosa IMB, Di Leone CCL, Caracho RA, Carvalho TS, Honório HM, Rios D. Erosion-inhibiting and enamel rehardening effects of different types of saliva. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 154:105755. [PMID: 37437423 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the effects of in situ saliva compared to in vitro human saliva, with or without mucin, on inhibiting erosion and promoting enamel rehardening. DESIGN Bovine enamel blocks were randomly distributed into groups (n = 23): Gsitu (human saliva in situ), Gvitro (collected human saliva) and GvitroM (collected human saliva with mucin). The enamel blocks underwent a 2-hour period for the formation of salivary pellicle, based on the assigned groups. Subsequently, they were subjected to three erosive cycles, each of them consisting of an erosive challenge (immersion in 0.65 % citric acid, pH 3.5, 1 min) and saliva exposure (immersion in situ or in vitro saliva for 2 h). Microhardness measurements were performed at each cycle, after each experimental step (erosive challenge and exposure to saliva). RESULTS After the first demineralization, in vitro saliva groups presented greater hardness loss, with no statistical difference between GVitroM and GVitro. After the third erosive demineralization the in situ saliva resulted in less hardness loss compared to the first demineralization. In relation to surface hardness recovery, there was no difference among types of saliva but there was a decrease in hardness as the cycles progressed. CONCLUSION Saliva groups had different behaviors between the first and third demineralization, being similar after the third cycle in terms of hardness loss. Regarding hardness recovery, all saliva promoted enamel gain, but there was a gradual decrease with the progression of the cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Boteon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Mello Dos Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Di Bene Kandalaf Lamana
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Messias Batista Rosa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla Cristina Lira Di Leone
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Aparecida Caracho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Martini T, Rios D, Dionizio A, Cassiano LDPS, Silva CMDSE, Taira EA, Ventura TMO, Câmara JVF, Araujo TT, Magalhães AC, Carvalho TS, Baumann T, Lussi A, Oliveira RBD, Palma-Dibb RG, Buzalaf MAR. Acquired enamel pellicle protects gastroesophageal reflux disease patients against erosive tooth wear. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e085. [PMID: 37729290 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the protein profile of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) formed in vivo in patients with or without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and with or without erosive tooth wear (ETW). Twenty-four volunteers were divided into 3 groups: 1) GERD and ETW; 2) GERD without ETW; and 3) control (without GERD). The AEP formed 120 min after prophylaxis was collected from the lingual/palatal surfaces. The samples were subjected to mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS) and label-free quantification by Protein Lynx Global Service software. A total of 213 proteins were identified, or 119, 92 and 106 from each group, respectively. Group 2 showed a high number of phosphorylated and calcium-binding proteins. Twenty-three proteins were found in all the groups, including 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta and 1-phosphatidylinositol. Several intracellular proteins that join saliva after the exfoliation of oral mucosa cells might have the potential to bind hydroxyapatite, or participate in forming supramolecular aggregates that bind to precursor proteins in the AEP. Proteins might play a central role in protecting the dental surface against acid dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Martini
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Even Akemi Taira
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- University of Bern, Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- University of Bern, Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- University of Bern, Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Brandt de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Department of General Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Siqueira FSFD, Wendlinger M, Araújo LCR, Moreira PHDA, Cardenas AFM, Carvalho TS, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Bonding performance of universal adhesives to eroded dentine: A 6-year evaluation. J Dent 2023; 136:104633. [PMID: 37490967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of several universal adhesives to eroded dentine (ED) using etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) strategies, immediately and after 6 years of water storage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four hundred and eighty human molars were distributed into 60 groups according to dentine substrate (sound dentine [SD], eroded with soft drink, or eroded with citric acid), application method of the adhesive (SE or ER), and the adhesives used: 1. All-Bond Universal, 2. Ambar Universal, 3. Clearfil Universal, 4. Futurabond U, 5. One Coat 7 Universal, 6. Peak Universal Bond, 7. Prime&Bond Elect, 8. Scotchbond Universal, 9. Tetric n-bond Universal, and 10. Xeno Select. The restoration was then performed with a composite resin, and the specimens were sectioned into resin-dentine bonded sticks. The sticks were tested (immediately or after 6 years of storage) for µTBS (0.5 mm/min) or used to assess NL. The eroded dentine surfaces were also examined using FE-SEM to evaluate the NL. Data for µTBS were analyzed by four-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (a = 0.05), and the NL was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum test (a = 0.05). RESULTS In ED, there was no difference in μTBS and NL between ER and SE strategies (p > 0.05). Most μTBS and NL values obtained for ED were lower and higher, respectively, than those for SD (p < 0.005). Additionally, the worst results (μTBS and NL) were observed for erosion with citric acid groups in comparison with erosion with soft-drink groups (p < 0.007). After 6y, μTBS was generally lower and NL higher for all substrates, adhesives, and strategies (p < 0.05), except for AMB, SBU, and TEU in dentine eroded with citric acid. The lowest μTBS and highest NL values were observed for ABU, FBU, OCU, PUB, PBE, and XEN in both types of eroded dentine and evaluation times (p < 0.002). CONCLUSION The use of MDP-containing adhesives seems to be essential to maintain adhesion to eroded dentine. However, other factors such as acidity should be considered. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The bonding of eroded dentine is a challenge. However, the use of MDP-containing universal adhesives showed less degradation after long-term evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Wendlinger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern University, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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10
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Baumann T, Niemeyer SH, Lussi A, Scaramucci T, Carvalho TS. Rinsing solutions containing natural extracts and fluoride prevent enamel erosion in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230108. [PMID: 37493702 PMCID: PMC10382078 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols interact with salivary proteins and thus can improve the pellicle's erosion protective properties. This effect could be exploited to create rinsing solutions with polyphenols as active ingredients for erosion prevention. Different from the current gold standard for erosion protective rinsing solutions, these rinses would not rely on stannous ions. This would offer alternatives for patients with concerns regarding the composition of rinsing solutions and preferring bio-products. OBJECTIVE To develop an erosion-preventive rinsing solution containing natural polyphenol-rich extracts. METHODOLOGY Solutions were prepared with polyphenols from either grapeseed extract or cranberry extract, 500 ppm fluoride added, and additionally flavors and sweeteners. Controls were deionized water, 500 ppm fluoride solution, and the gold standard rinse in the field (Sn2+/F-). In total, 135 enamel specimens (n=15/group) were subjected to five cycles of salivary pellicle formation (30 min, 37°C), modification with the solutions (2 min, 25°C), further salivary pellicle formation (60 min, 37°C), and erosive challenge (1 min, 1% citric acid, pH 3.6). Relative surface microhardness (rSMH), surface reflection intensity (rSRI), and amount of calcium release (CaR) were investigated. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The polyphenol solutions containing fluoride, as well as additional flavors, protected enamel better than fluoride alone, and similar to the Sn2+/F- solution, when investigating both rSMH and CaR. When measuring rSRI, Sn2+/F- showed the best protection, while the polyphenol solutions were similar to fluoride. CONCLUSION For two of the three assessed parameters (rSMH and CaR), both developed polyphenol-rich rinsing solutions were able to protect enamel from erosion, improving/potentializing the effect of fluoride and matching the protection offered by the current gold standard rinsing solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Baumann
- University of Bern, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- University of Bern, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- University of Bern, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departmento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- University of Bern, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Mailart MC, Borges AB, Wierichs RJ, Torres CRG, Carvalho TS. Effect of whitening products on sound enamel and on artificial caries lesions during a cariogenic challenge. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:3105-3116. [PMID: 36809355 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fluoride-containing whitening products on sound enamel and on artificial caries lesions during a cariogenic challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel specimens (n = 120) with three areas [non-treated sound enamel (NSE), treated sound enamel (TSE), and treated artificial caries lesion (TACL)] were randomly assigned to the four groups: whitening mouthrinse (WM: 2.5% hydrogen peroxide-100 ppm F-), placebo mouthrinse (PM: 0% hydrogen peroxide-100 ppm F-), whitening gel (WG: 10% carbamide peroxide-1130 ppm F-), and deionized water (negative control; NC). The treatments (2 min for WM, PM, and NC, and 2 h for WG) were carried out during a 28-day pH-cycling model (6 × 60 min demineralization/day). Relative surface reflection intensity (rSRI) and transversal microradiography (TMR) analyses were performed. Fluoride uptake (surface and subsurface) was measured in additional enamel specimens. RESULTS For TSE, a higher value of rSRI was observed in WM (89.99% ± 6.94), and a greater decrease in rSRI was observed for WG and NC, and no sign of mineral loss was verified for all groups (p > 0.05). For TACL, rSRI significantly decreased after pH-cycling for all experimental groups with no difference between them (p < 0.05). Higher amounts of fluoride were found in WG. WG and WM exhibited intermediate values of mineral loss, similar to PM. CONCLUSIONS The whitening products did not potentialize the enamel demineralization under a severe cariogenic challenge, and they did not exacerbate mineral loss of the artificial caries lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Low concentrated hydrogen peroxide whitening gel and mouthrinse containing fluoride do not intensify the progression of caries lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Mailart
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José Dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, CH, Switzerland
| | - A B Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José Dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - R J Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, CH, Switzerland
| | - C R G Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José Dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, CH, Switzerland
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Baumann T, Niemeyer SH, Buzalaf MAR, Carvalho TS. Protease-inhibitors added to saliva in vitro influence the erosion protective effect of enamel pellicles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8618. [PMID: 37244955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to pellicles formed in vivo, pellicles formed in vitro provide little to no erosion protection for enamel, possibly due to protein degradation from proteases during pellicle formation. With the objective to achieve a more similar effect as observed for in vivo pellicles, the effects of adding protease inhibitors (PI) to saliva in vitro, and/or exchanging saliva repeatedly during pellicle formation were investigated in a cyclic model of pellicle formation and erosion with human enamel specimens. We repeatedly assessed surface microhardness (SMH), measured initial and final surface reflection intensity (SRI), and determined calcium released during erosion. For all the parameters tested, we observed a clear positive effect on erosion protection when adding PI to saliva for pellicle formation: SMH remained harder, SRI remained higher, and less calcium was released. Additionally, exchanging saliva with fresh one during pellicle formation led to a protective effect, but not as strong as the addition of PI. We conclude that adding protease inhibitors to saliva in vitro for pellicle formation leads to an erosion protective effect, which was further increased by repeatedly exchanging the saliva. Whether the pellicle itself more closely resembles in vivo pellicles remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Niemeyer SH, Baumann T, Lussi A, Scaramucci T, Carvalho TS. Plant extracts have dual mechanism on the protection against dentine erosion: action on the dentine substrate and modification of the salivary pellicle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7089. [PMID: 37130893 PMCID: PMC10154312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of some polyphenol-rich plant extracts on the protection of dentine against demineralization, both acting on the dentine and on the salivary pellicle. Dentine specimens (n = 180) were randomly distributed into 6 experimental groups (n = 30/group): Control (deionized water), Açaí extract, Blueberry extract, Green tea extract, Grape seed extract, and Sn2+/F- (mouthrinse containing stannous and fluoride). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15), according to the site of action of the substance: on the dentine surface (D) or on the salivary pellicle (P). The specimens were submitted to 10 cycles: 30 min incubation in human saliva (P) or only in humid chamber (D), 2 min immersion in experimental substances, 60 min of incubation in saliva (P) or not (D), and 1 min erosive challenge. Dentine surface loss (DSL), amount of degraded collagen (dColl) and total calcium release were analyzed. Green tea, Grape seed and Sn2+/F- showed significant protection, with least DSL and dColl. The Sn2+/F- showed better protection on D than on P, whereas Green tea and Grape seed showed a dual mode of action, with good results on D, and even better on P. Sn2+/F- showed the lowest values of calcium release, not differing only from Grape seed. Sn2+/F- is more effective when acting directly on the dentine surface, while Green tea and Grape seed have a dual mode of action: with a positive effect on the dentine surface itself, but an improved efficacy in the presence of the salivary pellicle. We further elucidate the mechanism of action of different active ingredients on dentine erosion, where Sn2+/F- acts better on the dentine surface, but plant extracts have a dual mode of action, acting on the dentine itself as well as on the salivary pellicle, improving the protection against acid demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Sakae LO, Renzo ALM, Viana ÍEL, Niemeyer SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Impact of different brushing/abrasion protocols on erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105657. [PMID: 36827929 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of different toothbrushing (with dentifrice) protocols on the progression of erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. DESIGN Bovine enamel specimens were randomly distributed into 12 experimental groups (n = 10), according to the study factors: (1) brushing movement (horizontal or circular); (2) slurry diluent (artificial saliva or distilled water); (3) toothpaste dilution ratio (1:2, 1:3 or 1:4). A 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling model was performed, each consisting of 4 erosive challenges (0.3 % citric acid, pH=2.6) followed by 60 min exposure to artificial saliva. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste (15 s, 1400 ppm F-, AmF) was carried out 2x/day. Enamel surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS SL was lower for the horizontal movement than for the circular (p = 0.044). There were no significant differences among the dilution ratios for artificial saliva. For distilled water, the more concentrated slurry (1:2) presented greater surface loss than the less concentrated slurries (1:3 and 1:4, p = 0.049 and p = 0.014, respectively). Dilutions with artificial saliva at ratios 1:3 and 1:4 presented higher surface loss than with distilled water (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively); however, for 1:2 ratio, there were no significant differences between the diluents. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro progression of enamel SL was influenced by the brushing movement, as well as the combination of the dilution ratio and the diluent of the toothpaste slurry, and therefore, all these factors must be considered when comparing results from different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luísa Meira Renzo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Pelá VT, Ventura TMO, Taira EA, Thomassian LTG, Brito L, Matuhara YE, Henrique-Silva F, Groisman S, Carvalho TS, Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR. Use of Reflectometer Optipen to assess the preventive effect of a sugarcane cystatin on initial dental erosion in vivo. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 141:105782. [PMID: 36934688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The sugarcane cystatin 5 (CaneCPI-5) showed protection against erosion and erosive tooth wear (ETW) under several protocols. However, evaluating these conditions in vivo is hard due to the lack of a suitable device. The aim of this study was to use clinically the relative surface reflection intensity (%SRI) by the Reflectometer Optipen to assess the acquired pellicle engineering with CaneCPI-5 rinse for the prevention of initial erosion in vivo. Nine volunteers were distributed in three cross-over phases, according to the rinse used, as follows: 1) Deionized water (negative control); 2) Elmex® (800 ppm Sn2+, 500 ppm F-; positive control); 3) 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. The following experimental steps were performed: Initially, the volunteers received prophylaxis and the initial %SRI was performed. Subsequently, they rinsed with the solutions (10 mL; 1min), followed by the formation of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP; 120min). After, the erosive challenge with citric acid 1%, pH 2.5 (10 μL; 10s) was performed (in isolation) on the buccal surface of the maxillary central incisors (right and left). The calcium present in the acid was analyzed by Arsenazo III method. Finally, the final %SRI was performed. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's tests and Spearman's correlation were used (p < 0.05). For both variables, the negative control led to significantly less protection (lower reflectivity and higher calcium release) in comparison with the other groups. The best protection (higher reflectivity and lower calcium release) was observed for the Elmex® and the CaneCPI-5 groups, with no significant differences between them (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between both analyzes. The Reflectometer Optipen demonstrated to be a good device to assess clinically. Moreover, CaneCPI-5 rinse proved effective through acquired pellicle engineering against initial erosion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Even Akemi Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Leonardo Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Yan Eiji Matuhara
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Groisman
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Niemeyer SH, Jovanovic N, Sezer S, Wittwer LS, Baumann T, Saads Carvalho T. Dual protective effect of the association of plant extracts and fluoride against dentine erosion: In the presence and absence of salivary pellicle. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285931. [PMID: 37200261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify the protective effect of plant extracts associated with fluoride against dental erosion of dentine, in the presence and absence of a salivary pellicle. METHODS Dentine specimens (n = 270) were randomly distributed into 9 experimental groups (n = 30/group): GT (green tea extract); BE (blueberry extract); GSE (grape seed extract); NaF (sodium fluoride); GT+NaF (green tea extract and NaF); BE+NaF (blueberry extract and NaF); GSE+NaF (grape seed extract and NaF); negative control (deionized water); and a positive control (commercialized mouthrinse containing stannous and fluoride). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15), according to the presence (P) or absence (NP) of salivary pellicle. The specimens were submitted to 10 cycles: 30 min incubation in human saliva (P) or only in humid chamber (NP), 2 min immersion in experimental solutions, 60 min of incubation in saliva (P) or not (NP), and 1 min erosive challenge. Dentine surface loss (dSL-10 and dSL-total), amount of degraded collagen (dColl) and total calcium release (CaR) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's and Mann-Whitney U tests (p>0.05). RESULTS Overall, the negative control presented the highest values of dSL, dColl and CaR, and the plant extracts showed different degrees of dentine protection. For the subgroup NP, GSE showed the best protection of the extracts, and the presence of fluoride generally further improved the protection for all extracts. For the subgroup P, only BE provided protection, while the presence of fluoride had no impact on dSL and dColl, but lowered CaR. The protection of the positive control was more evident on CaR than on dColl. CONCLUSION We can conclude that the plant extracts showed a protective effect against dentine erosion, regardless of the presence of salivary pellicle, and that the fluoride seems to improve their protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Jovanovic
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sindy Sezer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Sébastien Wittwer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Carvalho TS, Pham K, Rios D, Niemeyer S, Baumann T. Synergistic effect between plant extracts and fluoride to protect against enamel erosion: An in vitro study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277552. [PMID: 36383626 PMCID: PMC9668169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol-rich solutions, such as plant extracts and teas, can modify the salivary pellicle and improve the protection against dental erosion. In this study, we further explored how these polyphenol-rich plant extracts solutions behave in the presence of fluoride. We distributed enamel specimens into 9 groups (n = 15): Control_No_F- (Deionized water); Control_F- (500 ppm F-), Grape_Seed_No_F- (Grape seed extract), Grape_Seed_F- (Grape seed extract + 500 ppm F-), Grapefruit_Seed_No_F- (Grapefruit seed extract), Grapefruit_Seed_F- (Grapefruit seed extract + 500 ppm F-), Blueberry_No_F- (Blueberry extract), Blueberry_F- (Blueberry extract + 500 ppm F-), and Sn2+/F-_Rinse (commercial solution containing 800 ppm Sn2+ and 500 ppm F-). The specimens were submitted to 5 cycles (1 cycle per day), and each cycle consisted of: salivary pellicle formation (human saliva, 30 min, 37°C), modification of the pellicle (2 min, 25°C), pellicle formation (60 min, 37°C), and an erosive challenge (1 min, citric acid). Between cycles, the specimens were kept in a humid chamber. Relative surface hardness (rSH), relative surface reflection intensity (rSRI) and calcium released to the acid were analysed, using general linear models, and Kruskal-Wallis with post-hoc Dunn's tests. We observed that the presence of fluoride in synergy with the extract solutions provided better protection than the groups containing extract or fluoride only. For rSH, we observed a significant main effect of extracts (F(4,117) = 9.20; p<0.001) and fluoride (F(1,117) = 511.55; p<0.001), with a significant interaction (F(3,117) = 6.71; p<0.001). Grape_Seed_F- showed the best protection, better than fluoride, and Sn2+/F-_Rinse. Calcium results also showed greater protection for the groups containing fluoride, whereas for rSRI, despite a significant interaction between extract and fluoride (F(3,117) = 226.05; p<0.001), the differences between the groups were not as clearly observed. We conclude that polyphenols from plant extracts, when combined with fluoride, improve the protective effect of salivary pellicles against enamel erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Khoa Pham
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mailart MC, Berli PC, Borges AB, Yilmaz B, Baumann T, Carvalho TS. Pellicle modification with natural bioproducts: Influence on tooth color under erosive conditions. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12886. [PMID: 35839337 PMCID: PMC9796534 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Salivary pellicle was modified with bioproducts and we assessed the change in tooth color and the protection of enamel to erosion. Human enamel specimens were assigned to one of three solutions: grape seed extract or black tea (bioproducts), or deionized water (negative control); after which one half the specimens underwent erosive challenges. The specimens underwent 15 cycles involving salivary pellicle formation (10 min, 37°C), incubation in solution (2 min, 25°C), subsequent pellicle formation (90 min, 37°C). Half of the specimens was kept in a humid chamber and the other half was submitted to erosion (2 min, 1% citric acid). After 15 such cycles, the pellicle was removed. Tooth color and the surface reflection intensity were assessed after every five cycles and after pellicle removal. For non-eroded specimens, the exposure to bioproducts promoted significantly greater color change than the deionized water, with increases in yellow appearance. After pellicle removal, the color was similar in all non-eroded specimens. The bioproducts increased the surface reflection intensity over cycles. For the erosion-exposed specimens, erosion itself resulted in color change. Black tea and deionized water resulted in increased yellow appearance. Exposure to the bioproducts resulted in higher relative surface reflection intensity values over time, but only grape seed extract resulted in higher relative surface reflection intensity value at the time of pellicle removal. The bioproducts caused transient staining effect, which was reduced after pellicle removal. For enamel submitted to erosion, grape seed extract resulted in less color change and better protection of enamel against erosion than black tea or water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Cintra Mailart
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland,Department of Restorative DentistryInstitute of Science and TechnologySao Paulo State UniversitySao José dos CamposSão PauloBrazil
| | - Pavel Claudio Berli
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative DentistryInstitute of Science and TechnologySao Paulo State UniversitySao José dos CamposSão PauloBrazil
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland,Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and GerodontologySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Pelá VT, Brito L, Taira EA, Henrique-Silva F, Pieretti JC, Seabra AB, de Almeida Baldini Cardoso C, de Souza EP, Groisman S, Rodrigues MC, Lussi A, Carvalho TS, Buzalaf MAR. Preventive effect of chitosan gel containing CaneCPI-5 against enamel erosive wear in situ. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6511-6519. [PMID: 35829772 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the preventive effect of a chitosan gel containing CaneCPI-5 against enamel erosion and erosion + abrasion in situ. METHODS Sixteen volunteers participated in a crossover, double-blind protocol, comprising 4 phases: (1) no treatment (Nt); (2) chitosan gel (Cg); (3) chitosan gel + 12,300 ppm NaF (Cg + NaF); and (4) chitosan gel + 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 (Cg + Cane). Volunteers wore an appliance containing 4 specimens. Once/day, they applied the gel (except for Nt) (4 min/specimen). Erosive challenges were performed extra-orally (0.1% citric acid, 90 s, 4 × /day; ERO). Specimens were also abraded (toothbrush, 15 s/specimen, 2 × /day; ERO + ABR). Enamel wear was assessed by profilometry and relative surface reflection intensity (%SRI). Two-way RM-ANOVA/Sidak's tests and Spearman's correlation were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS For profilometry, ERO + ABR promoted significantly greater wear when compared with ERO. There was a significant difference among all treatments. The lowest enamel loss occurred for Cg + Cane, followed by Cg + NaF, Cg, and Nt (p < 0.05). The %SRI was significantly lower for ERO + ABR when compared to ERO, only for the Nt group. The greatest %SRI was found for the Cg + NaF and Cg + Cane groups, which did not differ significantly, regardless of the conditions. The lowest %SRI was found for the Nt and Cg groups, which did not differ from each other, regardless of the conditions. The Nt group did not differ significantly from the Cg + NaF (ERO). There was a significant correlation between both analyses. CONCLUSION The incorporation of CaneCPI-5 in the chitosan gel prevented erosive wear in situ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results open a new perspective for the use of CaneCPI-5 in other application vehicles, such as chitosan gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Even Akemi Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana Claudio Pieretti
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amedea Barozzi Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Pereira de Souza
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Groisman
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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de Lima LC, Viana ÍEL, da Paz SLP, Bezerra SJC, Mayer-Santos E, Niemeyer SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Impact of desensitizing/whitening toothpastes on tooth color change after abrasion and erosion-abrasion. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:933-941. [PMID: 35233931 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of desensitizing toothpastes (D), their whitening versions (DW) and whitening toothpastes (W) on tooth color change. METHODS Tooth specimens were allocated into 11 groups (n = 10): 1. Artificial saliva (control); 2. Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP-D); 3. Sensodyne Repair & Protect Whitening (SRP-DW); 4. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (CSPR-D); 5. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief Real White (CSPR-DW); 6. Colgate Total 12 (CT12); 7. Colgate Total 12 Whitening (CT12-W); 8. Sensodyne True White (ST-W); 9. Curaprox Black Is White (CB-W); 10.Oral-B 3D White Perfection (OB3D-W) and 11. Erosion-only. They were submitted to two models: A. abrasion; B. erosion/abrasion. Color change (ΔE00 ), ΔL, Δa, and Δb were determined with a spectrophotometer. Data were statistically evaluated (α = 0.05). RESULTS For both models, ∆E00 of D did not differ significantly from DW. An overall decrease in luminosity (-∆L) and increase (+∆b) in yellowness of the tooth occurred. In abrasion, all groups reduced redness (-∆a) and only SRP-DW differed from control (p = 0.016), but for ∆E00 , ∆L and ∆b, all toothpastes did not differ from the control. In erosion/abrasion, CB-W showed significantly lower ∆E00 and ∆b than the control (∆E00 : p = 0.026; ∆b: p = 0.005) and SRP-D (∆E00 : p = 0.028; ∆b: p = 0.025). Only SRP-DW, CSPR-DW, ST-W, CB-W, and erosion-only had increased redness (+∆a), but none differed from control. CONCLUSIONS The toothpastes did neither promote whitening nor avoid the yellowish aspect of the tooth after abrasion and erosion-abrasion, regardless of their claim. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Desensitizing and/or whitening toothpastes induced similar changes on tooth color, without promoting whitening effect or reduction in its yellowish aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Laís Pereira da Paz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eric Mayer-Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
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Taioqui Pelá V, Niemeyer SH, Baumann T, Levy FM, Henrique-Silva F, Lussi A, Carvalho TS, Buzalaf MAR. Acquired pellicle engineering using a combination of organic (sugarcane cystatin) and inorganic (sodium fluoride) components against dental erosion. Caries Res 2022; 56:138-145. [DOI: 10.1159/000522490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the combination of a sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5) and sodium fluoride (NaF) in acquired pellicle engineering for the prevention of dental erosion in vitro. 75 human enamel specimens were prepared and divided into 5 treatment groups (n = 15/group): Deionized water (Control); Elmex™ (SnCl2/NaF/AmF); 0.1 mg/ml CaneCPI-5; 500 ppm NaF; and CaneCPI-5+NaF (Combination). The specimens were individually treated (200 μl; 2 min; 37 °C), then incubated in human saliva (200 μl; 1 h, at 37 °C) for acquired pellicle formation. Afterwards, the specimens were submitted to an erosive challenge (1% citric acid, pH 3.6, 10 ml, 2 min, 25 °C). This sequence was conducted 5 times. Percentage of surface microhardness change (%SMC), relative surface reflection intensity (rSRI) and calcium released to the citric acid (CR) were measured and analyzed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). In general, all the treatments (SnCl2/NaF/AmF, CaneCPI-5, NaF and Combination) significantly protected the enamel when compared the control group. Regarding %SMC and rSRI, the Combination was the most effective treatment, reducing the %SMC significantly (p<0.01) when compared to all the other treatments, although this difference was not significant in the CR analysis. All treatments demonstrated a protective effect on enamel against dental erosion; however the combination of CaneCPI-5 with NaF showed a greater protection.
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22
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Rios D, Boteon AP, Di Leone CCL, Castelluccio TT, Mendonça FL, Ionta FQ, Buzalaf MAR, Carvalho TS. Vitamin E: A potential preventive approach against dental erosion-an in vitro short-term erosive study. J Dent 2021; 113:103781. [PMID: 34400251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the in vitro effect of different components of palm oil on enamel in a short-term erosive challenge. METHODS The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) was previously formed in situ for 2 h. Subsequently, the bovine enamel blocks were treated in vitro according to following solutions: G1-palm oil; G2-85% tocotrienol solution; G3-oily vitamin E; G4-oily vitamin A; G5-deionized water (negative control); G6-stannous-containing solution (Elmex® Erosion Protection Dental Rinse) (positive control). After application of the treatment solutions (500 µl, 30 s), the blocks were immersed in 0.5% citric acid (pH 2.4) during 30 s (initial erosion). The response variable was the percentage of surface hardness loss. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's Test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The positive control (G6), palm oil (G1) and oily vitamin E (G3) groups presented the lowest percentage of surface hardness loss, and were statistically different from the negative group (G5) (p < 0.05), and no differences were found between these three groups. The 85% tocotrienol solution (G2) and oily vitamin A groups (G4) were not different to the negative control group. CONCLUSIONS Stannous-containing positive control (Elmex® Erosion Protection), palm oil and oily Vitamin E were able to protect enamel against the erosive challenge performed in this in vitro study. In addition, vitamin E is probably the key ingredient of palm oil responsible for preventing enamel erosion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Vitamin E presented similar preventive effect to a commercial mouthwash stannous-containing solution (Elmex® Erosion Protection) against initial erosion and, it can be considered as a promising natural alternative for the formulations of solutions aiming to prevent erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Boteon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilla Cristina Lira Di Leone
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tainara Tonon Castelluccio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lyrio Mendonça
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Carvalho TS, Muçolli D, Eick S, Baumann T. Salivary Pellicle Modification with Grape-seed Extract: In Vitro Study on the Effect on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation. Oral Health Prev Dent 2021; 19:301-309. [PMID: 34057340 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b1453013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Grape-seed extract (GSE) contains polyphenols that readily adhere to proteins and modify the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP). The first step in biofilm formation is bacterial adhesion to the AEP-covered enamel. The aim of this in vitro study was to test whether AEP modification with GSE, fluoride (F-), or their combination (GSE+F-) modulates bacterial adhesion, biofilm metabolism and composition, or cariogenic demineralisation of the enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 3 parts: 1) single-strain Streptococcus gordonii species, 2) a five-species biofilm model, or 3) biofilm (re-)formation using the five-species biofilm model after removal of initial biofilm with toothbrushing. Human whole-mouth stimulated saliva was used to form an AEP on human enamel specimens. The AEP was incubated in water (control), or modified with GSE, F-, or GSE+F-. Bacterial adhesion, biofilm diversity, metabolic activity, biofilm mass, and cariogenic demineralisation (surface hardness) of enamel were assessed after incubation in bacterial broths after 4 h or 22 h. Differences between groups were analysed with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni tests. RESULTS GSE and GSE+F- statistically significantly decreased single-strain S. gordonii adhesion, but had no relevant influence when the five-species biofilm model was used. In the biofilm (re-)formation model, GSE reduced bacterial adhesion compared to GSE+F-, while F- caused less cariogenic demineralisation than was found in the control group. CONCLUSION AEP modified with GSE retards S. gordonii adhesion, but it does not influence the formation, metabolism and composition of a cariogenic multi-species biofilm.
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Pelá VT, Lunardelli JGQ, Tokuhara CK, Gironda CC, Silva NDG, Carvalho TS, Santiago AC, Souza BM, Moraes SM, Henrique-Silva F, Magalhães AC, Oliveira RC, Buzalaf MAR. Safety and In Situ Antierosive Effect of CaneCPI-5 on Dental Enamel. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1344-1350. [PMID: 33970042 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211011590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5) was recently cloned and showed strong binding force to dental enamel and protection against initial erosion. However, evaluations on its safety and efficacy in a situation closer to the clinical condition are necessary. In the present study we analyzed 1) the cytotoxicity of CaneCPI-5 on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs); 2) the ability of CaneCPI-5 to reduce enamel erosion and erosion+abrasion in situ. In part 1, HGFs were treated with CaneCPI-5 (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/mL) or no treatment (control). The cytotoxicity was assessed after 60 s and 24 h by mitochondrial activity (MTT), confocal microscopy, and hematoxylin/eosin staining. In part 2, 15 volunteers participated in a double-blind crossover protocol consisting of 3 phases, according to the following treatments: 1) 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; 2) SnCl2/NaF/AmF (Elmex; positive control); 3) water (negative control). The volunteers wore an appliance containing 4 bovine enamel specimens for 5 d. Each day, the specimens were individually treated with 50 µL of the tested solutions per 60 s and then subjected to erosive challenges (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5, for 90 s, 4 times per day). After the first and last erosive challenge each day, 2 samples were abraded (toothbrushing, 15 s). Enamel wear was measured by contact profilometry. One or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey's or Sidak's tests (P < 0.05) were applied. Regardless of the concentration and the experimental time, CaneCPI-5 did not decrease the cell viability compared to the negative control (P < 0.05). Erosion+abrasion led to significantly greater wear compared to erosion only. For both conditions, the lowest wear was found for SnCl2 and CaneCPI-5, which did not differ significantly from each other, but showed significant protection when compared to the negative control. In conclusion, CaneCPI-5 is safe on HGFs and reduces enamel erosive wear to the same extent as a commercial solution used to control erosive tooth wear (ETW).
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J G Q Lunardelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C K Tokuhara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Gironda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N D G Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Santiago
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B M Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S M Moraes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wierichs RJ, Carvalho TS, Wolf TG. Efficacy of a self-assembling peptide to remineralize initial caries lesions - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2021; 109:103652. [PMID: 33798639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES The present review systematically analyzed clinical studies investigating the efficacy of self-assembling peptides (SAP) to reduce initiation of or to remineralize initial caries lesions. DATA Prospective controlled (non-)randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of a self-assembling peptide compared to any other (placebo) treatment or untreated/standard control. Outcomes were visual analog scale (VAS), laser fluorescence, ICDAS score or morphometric measurements. SOURCES Three electronic databases (Central, PubMed, Ovid EMBASE) were screened. No language or time restrictions were applied.. Risk of Bias and level of evidence was graded using Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and Grade Profiler 3.6. STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS Seven studies with 508 teeth being affected in 294 patients were included. All studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT), five with a split-mouth and two with a parallel-arm design. Meta-analysis could be performed for SAP (plus fluoride varnish (FV)) vs. no treatment (plus FV) (control treatment). Depending on the outcome after up to 12 months SAP showed a significantly higher optical improvement than the control treatment (laser fluorescence: Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)[95 %CI] = -0.87[-1.39,-0.34; VAS: Mean Difference (MD)[95 %CI] = -35.38[-43.13,-27.64]) or no significant difference could be observed (ICDAS/activity score; Relative Risk (RR)[95 %CI] = 0.6[0.21,1.74]; morphometric measurements: SMD[95 %CI] = -1.95[-4.54,0.65]). Level of evidence was very low for all 4 outcomes. Furthermore, six studies showed a high risk of bias and six studies were (partially) funded by the manufactures of the tested products. CONCLUSION Based on a low number of clinical trials with relatively short follow up-periods and high risks of bias, self-assembling peptides may be a viable option to remineralize enamel caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Self-assembling peptides may be a viable option to remineralize enamel caries. However, results should be interpretated with caution due the low number of clinical trials, the short follow-up periods and the limiting grade of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - T G Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Almeida LKY, Carvalho TS, Bussaneli DG, Jeremias F. Congenital and acquired defects in enamel of primary teeth: prevalence, severity and risk factors in Brazilian children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:715-723. [PMID: 33710526 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of tooth enamel defects and risk factors associated in primary dentition. METHODS A sample of 656 schoolchildren (population based), aged 4 years old, from Araraquara-SP (Brazil) was evaluated by two trained examiners according to the following indexes: Dental fluorosis (DF), deciduous molar hypomineralization (DMH), non-fluoride related developmental defects of enamel (DDE), tooth erosion and tooth attrition. Structured questionnaires identified socioeconomic condition, medical/dental history, behavior and dietary habits. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Of the enamel congenital defects, DF was the most prevalent (6.1%, n = 40), followed by DMH (5.6%, n = 37). Of the acquired defects, attrition was the most prevalent (36.9%, n = 242), followed by erosion (2.4%, n = 16). The caries experience was similar between the affected children (29,5%; n = 94) and total sample (30.6%; n = 201). The etiological factors related to congenital defects were: not exclusively fed breast milk (p = 0.003) and jaundice at birth (p < 0.001); the association with acquired defects was found with vomiting frequent episodes (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION The general prevalence of enamel defects in primary dentition in Araraquara was 48.6%. Enamel defects may be associated with health-related factors and current lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Y Almeida
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brasil
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brasil
| | - D G Bussaneli
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brasil
| | - F Jeremias
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brasil.
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Pelá VT, Buzalaf MAR, Niemeyer SH, Baumann T, Henrique-Silva F, Toyama D, Crusca E, Marchetto R, Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Acquired pellicle engineering with proteins/peptides: Mechanism of action on native human enamel surface. J Dent 2021; 107:103612. [PMID: 33621617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the mechanism of action of different proteins/peptides (separately or in combination), focusing on how they act directly on the native enamel surface and on modifying the salivary pellicle. METHODS A total of 170 native human enamel specimens were prepared and submitted to different treatments (2 h; 37 °C): with deionized water, CaneCPI-5, Hemoglobin, Statherin, or a combination of all three proteins/peptides. The groups were subdivided into treatment acting on the enamel surface (NoP - absence of salivary pellicle), and treatment modifying the salivary pellicle (P). Treatment was made (2 h; 37 °C) in all specimens, and later, for P, the specimens were incubated in human saliva (2 h; 37 °C). In both cases, the specimens were immersed in 1% citric acid (pH 3.6; 2 min; 25 °C). Calcium released from enamel (CaR) and its relative surface reflection intensity (%SRI) was measured after 5 cycles. Between-group differences were verified with two-way ANOVA, with "presence of pellicle" and "treatment" as factors (α = 0.05). RESULTS The presence of pellicle provided better protection regarding %SRI (p < 0.01), but not regarding CaR (p = 0.201). In relation to treatment, when compared to the control group, all proteins/peptides provided significantly better protection (p < 0.01 for %SRI and Car). The combination of all three proteins/peptides demonstrated the best protective effect (p < 0.01 for %SRI). CONCLUSION Depending on the protein or peptide, its erosion-inhibiting effect derives from their interaction with the enamel surface or from modifying the pellicle, so a combination of proteins and peptides provides the best protection. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study opens a new direction for a possible treatment with a combination of proteins for native human enamel, which can act directly on the enamel surface as well on the modification of the salivary pellicle, for the prevention of dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | | | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danyelle Toyama
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edson Crusca
- Chemistry Institute, Paulista State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
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Moser C, Baumann T, Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Is the Erosion-Protective Effect Still Maintained when Tin Concentrations Are Reduced in Mouth Rinse Solutions? Caries Res 2021; 55:108-113. [PMID: 33556950 DOI: 10.1159/000513059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a preventive measure, tin (Sn2+)-containing products have a great potential to prevent enamel surface loss during erosive challenges, but adverse effects of high Sn2+ concentrations, such as astringent feeling of the teeth, are reported. Therefore, the main aim of this in vitro study was to develop a solution with lower Sn2+ concentrations that can still prevent dental erosion. METHODS A total of 162 enamel specimens were prepared from human premolars, which were selected from a pool of extracted teeth. The specimens were randomly distributed to 9 groups (each group n = 18 enamel specimens) according to the different test treatments: a humid chamber (no treatment) as the negative control, the commercial Elmex® Erosion Protection mouth rinse as the positive control, and 7 solutions either with lower Sn2+ concentrations and/or containing flavoring. The experiment included 4 cycles, consisting of pellicle formation by incubating the specimens with 200 μL of human saliva at 37°C for 1 h, then placing the specimens in the treatment for 2 min (60 mL, 30°C, shaking at 70 rpm), and later submitting them to an erosive challenge for 1 min in citric acid (60 mL 1%, pH 3.6, 30°C). Surface hardness was measured with a Vickers diamond and surface reflection intensity was measured with a reflectometer. RESULTS The control group performed significantly worse than all other solutions containing Sn2+. In general, there were no significant differences among the Sn2+-containing groups, and they presented similar protective effects on the enamel even when Sn2+ concentrations were reduced and flavorings were added. CONCLUSION Sn2+ concentrations in mouth rinses may be lowered to 200 ppm without compromising the anti-erosive properties of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Moser
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
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Niemeyer SH, Baumann T, Lussi A, Meyer-Lueckel H, Scaramucci T, Carvalho TS. Salivary pellicle modification with polyphenol-rich teas and natural extracts to improve protection against dental erosion. J Dent 2020; 105:103567. [PMID: 33387569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the modification of the salivary pellicle with different polyphenol-rich teas and natural extracts for the protection against dental erosion. METHODS We performed two experiments: one with teas (Green tea, Black tea, Peppermint tea, Rosehip tea, negative control [NC]) and other with natural extracts (Grape seed, Grapefruit seed, Cranberry, Propolis, NC), where NC was deionized water. A total of 150 enamel specimens were used (n = 15/group). Both experiments followed the same design, consisting of 5 cycles of: salivary pellicle formation (30 min, 37 °C), modification with the solutions (30 min, 25 °C), further salivary pellicle formation (60 min, 37 °C) and erosive challenge (1 min, 1% citric acid, pH 3.6). Relative surface microhardness (rSMH), relative surface reflection intensity (rSRI) and amount of calcium release (CaR) were evaluated. Data were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). RESULTS Regarding teas, Black and Green teas showed the best protection against dental erosion, presenting higher rSMH and lower CaR than NC. Peppermint tea was not different to NC and Rosehip tea caused erosion, showing the highest CaR and greatest loss of SMH and SRI. Regarding natural extracts, Grape seed and Grapefruit seed extracts presented the best protective effect, with significantly higher rSMH and lower CaR. Cranberry caused significantly more demineralization; and Propolis did not differ from NC. CONCLUSION Green tea, Black tea, Grape seed extract and Grapefruit seed extract were able to modify the salivary pellicle and improve its protective effect against enamel erosion, but Rosehip tea and Cranberry extract caused erosion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Some some bio-products, such as teas and natural extracts, improve the protective effect of the salivary pellicle against enamel erosion. More studies should be performed in order to test the viability of their use as active ingredients for oral care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Zip code: 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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de Souza BM, Santi LRP, João-Souza SH, Carvalho TS, Magalhães AC. Effect of titanium tetrafluoride/sodium fluoride solutions containing chitosan at different viscosities on the protection of enamel erosion in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Baumann T, Schmidt C, Carvalho TS. Pellicle Modification with Casein and Mucin Does Not Affect Surface Loss from Erosion and Abrasion. Caries Res 2020; 54:509-516. [PMID: 33113528 DOI: 10.1159/000510699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A combination of the proteins casein and mucin is known to modify the salivary pellicle and improve its protection of the underlying enamel from erosion. It is so far not known if this protection is confined solely to erosion, or if it also extends to abrasion, and this in vitro study aimed at investigating this question. METHODS A total of 72 human enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to four groups: pellicle (P), casein/mucin (CM), pellicle + casein/mucin (PCM), and control (Ctrl). Each specimen underwent five cycles, each cycle consisting of a pellicle/treatment part, an erosion part (3 min in 1% citric acid, pH 3.6, 25°C, 70 rpm), and an abrasion part (50 toothbrush strokes within 25 s in toothpaste slurry with a 200-g load). The pellicle/treatment part consisted of 2 h of incubation in whole human saliva for group P, 2 h of incubation (25°C, 70 rpm) in a protein mixture of 1% casein and 0.27% mucin for group CM, and 2 h of incubation in saliva followed by 2 h of incubation in the protein mixture for group PCM. The fourth group (Ctrl) served as the control and was kept in a humid chamber without saliva or protein treatment. The enamel surfaces were scanned with an optical profilometer initially and after the final cycle, and surface loss was analyzed. Furthermore, the surface microhardness (SMH) was measured initially, after each pellicle/treatment part and each erosion cycle, and after the final abrasion cycle. The results were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests with Bonferroni corrections. RESULTS The different treatments did not show differences in surface loss and therefore did not protect enamel from surface loss by abrasion. Nonetheless, we observed differences in the SMH values, namely the Ctrl group being significantly softer than the experimental groups. CONCLUSION The observed differences in SMH suggest that a different abrasion protocol could lead to differences in surface loss, and further investigation of whether and under which conditions pellicle modification leads to increased resistance to abrasion remains worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
| | - Christoph Schmidt
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Carvalho TS, Halter JE, Muçolli D, Lussi A, Eick S, Baumann T. Pellicle Modification with Casein and Mucin Does Not Promote In Vitro Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Oral Health Prev Dent 2020; 18:475-483. [PMID: 32515418 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a43351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During biofilm formation, bacterial species do not attach directly onto the enamel surface, but rather onto the salivary pellicle. Salivary pellicle modification with casein and mucin can hinder erosive demineralisation of the enamel, but it should also not promote bacterial adhesion. The aim of our study was to assess whether salivary pellicle modification with casein, or mucin, or a mixture of both proteins (casein and mucin) influence bacterial adhesion, biofilm diversity, metabolism and composition, or enamel demineralisation, after incubation in: (a) a single bacterial model; (b) a five-species biofilm model; or (c) biofilm reformation using the five-species biofilm model after removal of initial biofilm with toothbrushing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel specimens were prepared from human molars. Whole-mouth stimulated human saliva was used for pellicle formation. Four pellicle modification groups were established: control (non-modified pellicle); casein - modified with 0.5% casein; mucin - modified with 0.5% mucin; casein and mucin - modified with 0.5% casein and 0.5% mucin. Bacterial adhesion, biofilm diversity, metabolic activity, biofilm mass, and demineralisation (surface hardness) of enamel were assessed after incubation in bacterial broths after 6 h or 24 h. RESULTS After 24 h incubation in the five-species biofilm model, the mucin group presented significantly lower biofilm mass than the control (p = 0.028) and the casein and mucin (p = 0.030) groups. No other differences between the groups were observed in any of the other experimental procedures. CONCLUSION Pellicle modification with casein and mucin does not promote in vitro bacterial biofilm formation.
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Lima LCD, Viana ÍEL, Paz SLPD, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Role of desensitizing/whitening dentifrices in enamel wear. J Dent 2020; 99:103390. [PMID: 32492504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact of desensitizing (D) and/or whitening (W) dentifrices on erosion and erosion-abrasion. METHODS Enamel specimens were allocated into 10 groups (n = 20): 1. Artificial saliva (control); 2. Sensodyne Repair&Protect (SRP-D); 3. Sensodyne Repair&Protect Whitening (SRP-W); 4. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (CSPR-D); 5. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief Real White (CSPRR-W); 6. Colgate Total 12 (CT); 7. Colgate Total 12 Professional Whitening (CTP-W); 8. Sensodyne True White (ST-W); 9. Curaprox Black is White (CB-W); 10. Oral-B 3D White Perfection (OB3D-W). For abrasion (n = 10), 30,000 brushing strokes were performed and surface roughness (SR) was evaluated. Erosion-abrasion (n = 10) consisted of 1 % citric acid (2 min), artificial saliva (60 min); 6×/day; 5 days. Toothbrushing was carried out 2×/day (45 strokes). Surface loss (SL) was determined with an optical profilometer. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS Relative to SR, only OB3D-W had a significantly rougher surface than the control (p = 0.014). SRP-D, CSPR-D and ST-W showed no difference from the baseline. High SL was observed for ST-W, OB3D-W and CTP-W, without significant differences from the control. CT showed the lowest SL, not differing from SRP-D and SRP-W. There was a weak negative correlation between SL and concentration of free fluoride in the slurries, SL and SR, and SL and pH, all p > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Only one dentifrice increased surface roughness of enamel to a higher degree than brushing with saliva. Brushing with the test dentifrices did not cause higher enamel erosive wear than brushing with saliva. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study enhances our knowledge on the effect of desensitizing and whitening dentifrices, indicating that they do not worsen enamel loss due to abrasion and they might be a safe option for individuals with erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Sara Laís Pereira da Paz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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João-Souza SH, Scaramucci T, Bühler Borges A, Lussi A, Saads Carvalho T, Corrêa Aranha AC. Influence of desensitizing and anti-erosive toothpastes on dentine permeability: An in vitro study. J Dent 2019; 89:103176. [PMID: 31351084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the effect of desensitizing and/or anti-erosive toothpastes on dentine permeability. METHODS One-mm dentin discs were prepared from human molars and exposed to EDTA solution (5 min, 17%). Initial dentine permeability was measured, under constant pressure. Specimens were randomly allocated into 10 groups: four anti-erosive toothpastes (calcium silicate + sodium phosphate, potassium nitrate, stannous chloride + chitosan, oligopeptide-104); four desensitizing toothpastes (arginine + calcium carbonate, calcium sodium phosphosilicate, strontium acetate, stannous fluoride); and two controls (regular fluoridated toothpaste, and human saliva). They were submitted to a 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling model. Erosion consisted of immersion in citric acid (2 min, 0.3%, natural pH ˜ 2.6, 4x/day), followed by 1 h exposure to human saliva. Specimens were brushed for 15 s (2 N, 45 strokes) with the toothpaste slurries (total exposure time of 2 min). After 5 cycles, the final dentine permeability was determined. Dentine permeability change was calculated as a percentage of the initial hydraulic conductance (%Lp). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The toothpastes calcium silicate + sodium phosphate and potassium nitrate, showed significant decrease in %Lp, with no difference between them. The regular fluoridated toothpaste also decreased the %Lp, not differing from potassium nitrate. No desensitizing toothpaste showed change in %Lp. Human saliva, oligopeptide-104 and stannous chloride + chitosan presented significant increase in %Lp, without difference between them. CONCLUSION Calcium silicate + sodium phosphate, potassium nitrate, and the regular fluoridated toothpaste decreased dentine permeability, whereas the desensitizing toothpastes tested did not. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Toothpastes had distinct impacts on dentine permeability, which may reflect a variable effect on the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Within the limitations of a laboratory-based study, toothpastes with an anti-erosive claim could also be effective in reducing the pain in dentine hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Machado AC, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Caetano TM, Russo LC, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Using fluoride mouthrinses before or after toothbrushing: effect on erosive tooth wear. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104520. [PMID: 31445424 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1. To evaluate the use of fluoridated mouthrinses before or after toothbrushing on erosive tooth wear. 2. To compare the anti-erosive effect of the combination toothpaste and mouthrinse containing fluoride, with or without stannous chloride. DESIGN Enamel and dentin specimens were randomly distributed into groups (n = 10 of each substrate/group): B-brushing, B + R-brushing + rinsing, and R + B-rinsing + brushing. The treatments were performed using a fluoride toothpaste (BF: 1400 ppm fluoride, as amino fluoride-AmF) combined or not with a fluoride mouthrinse (RF: 250 ppm fluoride, as AmF and sodium fluoride-NaF) or fluoride and stannous toothpaste (BF+Sn: 1400 ppm fluoride, as AmF and NaF, 3500 ppm stannous, as stannous chloride-SnCl2 and 0.5% chitosan) combined or not with fluoride and stannous mouthrinse (RF+Sn: 500 ppm fluoride, as AmF and NaF, 800 ppm stannous, as SnCl2). As control, brushing was performed with artificial saliva (BC). Specimens were submitted to a 5-day erosive-abrasive cycling model. Treatments were performed twice daily. Surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS For enamel, RF+BF and RF+Sn+BF+Sn presented significantly lower SL than the control, with RF+BF being significantly lower than RF+Sn+BF+Sn. For dentin, BC had the lowest SL, not differing from BF+Sn+RF+Sn, RF+Sn+BF+Sn and BF. Groups RF+BF and BF+RF showed highest SL, not differing from BF+Sn and BF+Sn. CONCLUSIONS For enamel, the use of a mouthrinse before brushing was able to reduce erosive wear for both fluoride and stannous products. For dentin, the use of stannous-containing products, irrespective of the order of application, presented superior effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Cristina Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7 CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tainá Mautone Caetano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano Citadini Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7 CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Stenhagen KR, Holme B, Tveit AB, Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Analytical strategies for clinical studies on dental erosive wear. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:167. [PMID: 31349831 PMCID: PMC6660658 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for analytical techniques for measuring Erosive Tooth Wear (ETW) on natural surfaces in clinical studies. The purpose was to investigate the use of two instruments aimed to assess initial to more advanced stages of ETW. METHODS Human premolar enamel samples (2x3mm) (n = 24), were polished flat and mounted in resin cylinders (4 cylinders, 6 samples in each). Part 1: Baseline analyses by White Light Interferometer (WLI), Surface Reflection Intensity (SRI: TableTop and OptiPen) and Surface Hardness (SH). Erosion (1% citric acid (pH 3.6) for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min. SRI and SH analyses after every erosion episode and by WLI after 10 min. New indentations were made and enamel loss; was measured by change in indentation depths from toothbrush abrasion (200 g, 60 strokes, 30 s). Another series of 2 × 5 min erosion (totally15 min and 20 min) was analysed with SH and SRI after each erosion, and by WLI (on samples and impressions of samples) after 20 min. Part 2 investigated WLI performance in the interface where initial erosion increases in severity and substance loss occurs. The samples were repolished. Baseline analyses by WLI, SRI (TableTop and OptiPen) and SH. Four cylinders were etched for 1, 2, 4, 8 min respectively and analysed by SRI, SH on samples, and WLI on samples and impressions). RESULTS Part1: SRI decreased from baseline to ~ 6 min etch and increased slightly after abrasion, the two devices correlated well (ICC 0.98 p < 0.001, Spearmans rs 0.91 p < 0.001). SH decreased nearly linearly to 10 min etch, but increased distinctly after abrasion. Mean enamel loss from abrasion alone was 0.2 μm (change in indentation depths). After 10 min etch, it was 0.27 μm (WLI) and after 20 min etch, it was 2.2 μm measured on samples vs 2.4 μm on impressions of samples (7% higher). Part 2: From baseline to 8 min etch; SRI and SH decreased whereas WLI presented increasing etch depths. CONCLUSIONS With some adjustments, the use of SRI and WLI in combination seems to be a promising strategy for monitoring ETW in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Stenhagen
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, NO-0316, Postbox 1072, OSLO, Norway. .,The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway, TkNN, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - B Holme
- SINTEF Industry, Forskningsveien 1, 0373, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - A Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Berto LA, Lauener A, Carvalho TS, Lussi A, Eick S. In Vitro Effects of Arginine-Containing Toothpastes on Cariogenic Biofilms. Oral Health Prev Dent 2019; 17:375-383. [PMID: 31204391 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a42684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of arginine as a toothpaste additive were assessed on oral streptococci with and without a known arginine deiminase system (ADS) and cariogenic biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Suspensions of Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus and the ADS-positive (ADS+) S. sanguinis and S. gordonii were cultured with or without 1.5% L-arginine for 24 h. Thereafter, biofilms consisting of the four species were formed on polystyrene surfaces with or without 1.5% L-arginine for up to 10 d. Finally, biofilms that formed on enamel surfaces were exposed to a daily mechanical cleaning with an arginine and sodium monofluorophosphate (SMF+Arg)-containing toothpaste, a sodium monofluorophosphate fluoride (SMF)-containing toothpaste or a negative control for up to 10 weeks. At different incubation times, the pH in the culture media, the citrulline production and the percent of ADS+ bacteria within the biofilms were determined. Microsurface hardness loss was quantified in the experiments using enamel specimens. RESULTS In the presence of 1.5% arginine, S. sanguinis and S. gordonii showed a high level of production of citrulline after 6 h of incubation, together with an increase in the pH when compared to S. mutans and S. sobrinus. With arginine supplementation, the percentage of ADS+ species was higher at 1, 2 and 4 days and citrulline production was higher at all days of biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces. After 4 and 10 weeks of treating biofilms on enamel surfaces, the SMF+Arg group had a higher proportion of ADS+ strains than the SMF group; at 4 weeks, the pH was higher in the SMF+Arg group. Loss of enamel hardness was the lowest in the SMF+Arg group and was significantly less in the SMF+Arg group than in the control group after 2, 4 and 10 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION Toothbrushing using an arginine-containing toothpaste may protect against dental caries.
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Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR, Duangthip D, Anttonen V, Ganss C, João-Souza SH, Baumann T, Carvalho TS. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:517-527. [PMID: 30762211 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has gained increasing clinical relevance. It is estimated that worldwide 30-50% of deciduous and 20-45% of permanent teeth are affected. One of the most important nutritional factors causing ETW is the overconsumption of soft drinks, but also patient-related factors like reflux or eating disorders can lead to erosive lesions. Whether acids lead to erosive demineralisation depends on their degree of saturation with respect to tooth mineral at their actual pH. REVIEW Fluoride compounds like sodium or amine fluoride seem to be of limited efficacy against erosion, the main reason for this is the missing biofilm in the erosive process as well as the lower pH of the acids compared to bacterial acids. This means that to achieve some kind of preventive effect it would be necessary to use products with higher fluoride concentration, which is not an appropriate option for small children, and/or to increase the frequency of application. In addition, the fluoride compound plays a role as promising effects were found when fluoride is combined with titanium or stannous ions. TiF4 can cause acid-resistant surface coatings and when Sn2+/F- formulations are applied, Sn is not only found on the surface but is also incorporated into enamel and dentine. Both effects make the tooth surface more resistant against acid demineralisation. Different fluoride-containing vehicles have been tested to prevent erosion/ETW, such as toothpastes, rinses, gels and varnishes. Toothpastes offer some degree of protection, especially Sn2+-containing formulations, but effects of the active ingredients are sometimes counteracted by the presence of abrasives. CONCLUSION Detecting associated factors and influencing them is the main instrument in arresting erosive tooth wear. Additionally, patients at risk for dental erosion should always use an additional fluoride source preferably containing Sn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - D Duangthip
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - V Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - C Ganss
- Department for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S H João-Souza
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Martini T, Rios D, Cassiano LPS, Silva CMDS, Taira EA, Ventura TMS, Pereira HABS, Magalhães AC, Carvalho TS, Baumann T, Lussi A, Oliveira RB, Palma-Dibb RG, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomics of acquired pellicle in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with or without erosive tooth wear. J Dent 2019; 81:64-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Assunção CM, Schlueter N, Rodrigues JA, Carvalho TS, Lussi A. Do fluoride toothpastes have similar preventive effect in permanent and primary teeth against erosive tooth wear? Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 29:228-236. [PMID: 30431200 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about fluoride toothpastes effect on primary teeth submitted to erosive tooth wear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the preventive effect of different toothpastes on surface loss (SL) after severe erosion/abrasion model and to compare this effect between permanent (PT) and primary teeth (pt). DESIGN Enamel samples were randomly divided according toothpastes groups (n = 17). G1: placebo; G2: NaF; G3: AmF-NaF-SnCl2 anti-erosion; G4: SnF2 ; and G5: NaF anti-erosion for children. Samples were incubated in artificial saliva (1 hour), submitted to erosive challenge (3 minutes; 1% citric acid; pH3.6; at 25°C) and to toothbrush abrasion (2 minutes slurry immersion; 50 strokes; 200 g) during 30 cycles. Surface loss (μm; mean ± SD) was quantified by contactless profilometry. The effects of the two covariables "tooth" and "toothpaste" were analysed by non-parametric ANOVA, variables with significant effects were tested by Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS pt showed significantly higher surface loss than PT in all groups (P < 0.001). The mean values of SL of each group were: G1 PT 18.18(±3.98), pt 25.65(±9.21); G2 PT 14.76(±2.82), pt 18.11(±3.92); G3 PT 12.62(±5.29), pt 15.61(±6.70); G4 PT 17.12(±2.24), pt 23.41(±7.9); G5 PT 13.24(±1.29), pt 18.28(±8.96). CONCLUSIONS In permanent teeth, G3 showed the best preventive effect. In primary teeth, G1, G3, and G5 showed similar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Meira Assunção
- School of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Almeida Rodrigues
- School of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Oliveira SR, Silva CAD, Carvalho TS, Costa LAA. Biology of Corythucha gossypii Fabricius, 1794 (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Ricinus communis at different temperatures and thermal requirements. BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 79:278-285. [PMID: 30088527 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.180501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the biology of Corythucha gossypii in Ricinus communis under different temperatures in climatic chambers adjusted at 20, 23, 25, and 28 °C, 60 ± 10% relative humidity, and a 12-h photoperiod. The development period and viability of eggs, the development period and survival rate of nymphs, and egg-adult cycle of C. gossypii as well as the adult longevity and fecundity were estimated. The thermal requirements (K) and temperature-base (Tb) were estimated for each of the immature stages and for the eggs-adults period. The duration of the eggs and nymphs phases and the egg-adult cycle of the C. gossypii on castor bean leaves at 20-28 °C were 7.6-17 days, 10.2-27.5 days, and 16.9-44.5 days, respectively. The lower temperature inhibited the oviposition of C. gossypii, whereas the higher temperatures were most favorable for its development. The municipalities of the Bahia state of Brumado, Irecê, Itaberaba, Jacobina, and Senhor do Bonfim were estimated to have a high potential for the population growth of C. gossypii. However, a greater number of generations per year of C. gossypii were observed in the municipalities of Brumado and Itaberaba.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Domitila Cabral de Castro, s/n, Bairro Universitário (Bodocongó), CEP 58429-570, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - C A D Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Domitila Cabral de Castro, s/n, Bairro Universitário (Bodocongó), CEP 58429-570, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, Rua Osvaldo Cruz, 1143, Centenário, CEP 58107-720, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - T S Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Domitila Cabral de Castro, s/n, Bairro Universitário (Bodocongó), CEP 58429-570, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - L A A Costa
- Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Carvalho TS, Abanto J, Pinheiro ECM, Lussi A, Bönecker M. Early childhood caries and psychological perceptions on child's oral health increase the feeling of guilt in parents: an epidemiological survey. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28:23-32. [PMID: 28514517 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess whether parents feel guilty for their children's oral problems, associating this feeling with socio-economic, demographic, and psychological factors. DESIGN We included 1313 parent-and-child pairs in this study. The children were 2-4 years old. Parents answered questionnaires on socio-economic and demographic data, and on psychological variables. Sixteen trained dentists (κ > 0.8) examined the children for oral hygiene (the presence and absence of plaque), early childhood caries (ECC; no caries, low and high severity), malocclusion (the presence and absence), and traumatic dental injuries (TDI; the presence and absence). We analysed the data with a hierarchical regression. RESULTS Twenty-four percentage of parents reported feeling guilty for the oral problems in their children; 26.3% of the children presented with caries, 39.8% malocclusion, 22.9% TDI. Of the parents who felt guilty, 54% thought that their children had problems in their teeth, and most of them (82%) thought that the problem could have been avoided. The feeling of guilt in parents was significantly associated with ECC and the psychological variables: the thought that the child had problems in his/her teeth and the thought that the problem could have been avoided. CONCLUSION Parents feel more guilty with increased caries severity in their children, and the likelihood of feeling guilty increases when parents believe that their child has an oral problem or that this problem could have been avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Abanto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Bönecker
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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João-Souza SH, Lussi A, Baumann T, Scaramucci T, Aranha ACC, Carvalho TS. Chemical and physical factors of desensitizing and/or anti-erosive toothpastes associated with lower erosive tooth wear. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17909. [PMID: 29263431 PMCID: PMC5738370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Toothpastes have a complex formulation and their different chemical and physical factors will influence their effectiveness against erosive tooth wear (ETW). We, therefore, investigated the effect of different desensitizing and/or anti-erosive toothpastes on initial enamel erosion and abrasion, and analysed how the interplay of their chemical and physical factors influences ETW. Human enamel specimens were submitted to 5 erosion-abrasion cycles using 9 different toothpastes and an artificial saliva group, and enamel surface loss (SL) was calculated. Chemical and physical factors (pH; presence of tin; calcium, phosphate and fluoride concentrations; % weight of solid particles; wettability; and particle size) of the toothpaste slurries were then analysed and associated with the amount of SL in a multivariate model. We observed that all desensitizing and/or anti-erosive toothpastes presented different degrees of SL. Besides pH and fluoride, all other chemical and physical factors were associated with SL. The results of this experiment indicate that enamel SL occurs independent of whether the toothpastes have a desensitizing or anti-erosive claim, and that lower SL is associated with the presence of tin, higher concentration of calcium and phosphate, higher % weight of solid particles, smaller particle size, and lower wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, Labor C331, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, Labor C331, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, Labor C331, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, Labor C331, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Silva Junior EC, Wadt LHO, Silva KE, Lima RMB, Batista KD, Guedes MC, Carvalho GS, Carvalho TS, Reis AR, Lopes G, Guilherme LRG. Natural variation of selenium in Brazil nuts and soils from the Amazon region. Chemosphere 2017; 188:650-658. [PMID: 28923728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) is native of the Amazon rainforest. Brazil nuts are consumed worldwide and are known as the richest food source of selenium (Se). Yet, the reasoning for such Se contents is not well stablished. We evaluated the variation in Se concentration of Brazil nuts from Brazilian Amazon basin, as well as soil properties, including total Se concentration, of the soils sampled directly underneath the trees crown, aiming to investigate which soil properties influence Se accumulation in the nuts. The median Se concentration in Brazil nuts varied from 2.07 mg kg-1 (in Mato Grosso state) to 68.15 mg kg-1 (in Amazonas state). Therefore, depending on its origin, a single Brazil nut could provide from 11% (in the Mato Grosso state) up to 288% (in the Amazonas state) of the daily Se requirement for an adult man (70 μg). The total Se concentration in the soil also varied considerably, ranging from <65.76 to 625.91 μg kg-1, with highest Se concentrations being observed in soil samples from the state of Amazonas. Se accumulation in Brazil nuts generally increased in soils with higher total Se content, but decreased under acidic conditions in the soil. This indicates that, besides total soil Se concentration, soil acidity plays a major role in Se uptake by Brazil nut trees, possibly due to the importance of this soil property to Se retention in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Silva Junior
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil
| | - L H O Wadt
- Embrapa Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76815-800, Brazil
| | - K E Silva
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69010-970, Brazil
| | - R M B Lima
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69010-970, Brazil
| | - K D Batista
- Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, CEP: 69301-970, Brazil
| | - M C Guedes
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, CEP: 68903-419, Brazil
| | - G S Carvalho
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil
| | - A R Reis
- Engenharia de Biossistemas, São Paulo State University, Tupã, SP, CEP: 17602-496, Brazil
| | - G Lopes
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil
| | - L R G Guilherme
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil.
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Abstract
Despite certain similarities in the etiology of root caries (RC) and coronal caries, there are notable differences in their histology, namely with regard to the demineralization process, which should be taken into consideration when assessing lesion activity. In this chapter, we present the histological changes to the dentin and pulp, occurring physiologically or in response to caries lesions. We focus on the histological features specific to RC lesions, discussing the assessment of lesion activity. The physiological changes occurring to the dentin and pulp are the formation of secondary dentin and the sclerosis of dentin tubules, while tertiary dentin is formed during pathologic stimuli from caries lesions. Already in the early stages of active RC, the lesions seem softer, and bacteria are easily found within the dentin tubules. Inactive lesions, on the contrary, are characterized by fully remineralized tissue, with irregular mineral precipitation and containing ghost cells of microorganisms. Lesion activity is determined by observing their tactile sensation and their position with respect to the gingival margin.
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46
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Baumann T, Bereiter R, Lussi A, Carvalho TS. The effect of different salivary calcium concentrations on the erosion protection conferred by the salivary pellicle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12999. [PMID: 29021538 PMCID: PMC5636785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different proportions of mineral ions in saliva can influence the protective effect the salivary pellicle provides against dental erosion. To investigate the effect of different calcium concentrations in human saliva on the protection against enamel erosion, enamel specimens were divided into 8 treatment groups: humid chamber (Ctrl); whole mouth stimulated human saliva (HS); artificial saliva containing different calcium concentrations (ASlow, ASmedium, AShigh); and dialysed human saliva containing different calcium concentrations (DSlow, DSmedium, DShigh). The specimens underwent 4 cycles of incubation in the treatment group followed by an erosive challenge. Surface hardness and calcium release were measured during the cycling process. All DS groups exhibited significantly higher enamel surface softening than HS and the corresponding AS groups. Among the DS groups, the surface softening was significantly higher in DSlow than in DShigh. No significant differences were found within the AS or DS groups regarding calcium release. The results of this study indicated that erosion protection conferred by saliva depends on an interplay between salivary proteins and ions. While both proteins and ions have a positive effect on their own, the combination of the two can lead to different degrees of protection or even negative effects, depending on the relative concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Baumann
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - R Bereiter
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Gyurkovics M, Baumann T, Carvalho TS, Assunção CM, Lussi A. In vitro evaluation of modified surface microhardness measurement, focus variation 3D microscopy and contact stylus profilometry to assess enamel surface loss after erosive-abrasive challenges. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175027. [PMID: 28380015 PMCID: PMC5381902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare surface loss values after erosion-abrasion cycles obtained with modified surface microhardness measurement (mSMH), focus variation 3D microscopy (FVM) and contact stylus profilometry (CSP). We cut human molars into buccal and lingual halves, embedded them in resin and ground 200 μm of enamel away. The resulting surfaces were polished. To maintain a reference area, we applied Block-Out resin to partly cover the enamel surface. The samples were incubated in artificial saliva (37°C; 1 h), then rinsed in deionized water (10 s) and dried with oil-free air (5 s). We immersed the specimens individually in 30 mL citric acid (1%, pH 3.6) for 2 min (25°C, 70 rpm dynamic conditions) before brushing them (50 strokes, 200 g) in an automatic brushing machine with toothpaste-slurry. We calculated the surface loss as per mSMH, by re-measuring the length of the same six indentations made before the abrasive challenge. The experiment consisted of five experimental groups that received between 2 and 10 erosion-abrasion cycles. Each group contained 15 specimens and samples in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 underwent a total of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 cycles, respectively. The resin was removed from the reference area in one piece under 10× magnification and the FVM and CSP were performed. Agreement between the methods was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and depicted in Bland-Altman plots. All methods presented a linear pattern of surface loss measurements throughout the experiment, leading overall to a strong, statistically significant correlation between the methods (ICC = 0.85; p<0.001). So, despite the different surface loss values, all methods presented consistent results for surface loss measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milán Gyurkovics
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristiane Meira Assunção
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Abanto J, Vidigal EA, Carvalho TS, Sá SNCD, Bönecker M. Factors for determining dental anxiety in preschool children with severe dental caries. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e13. [PMID: 28099579 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and socioeconomic indicators associated with dental anxiety in preschool children with severe dental caries. A total of 100 children between 3 and 5 years of age were selected during a dental screening procedure. The selection criteria were having at least one tooth with dental caries and a visible pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, and abscess (PUFA) index of ≥1 in primary teeth. Before the clinical examination or any treatment procedure was performed, we evaluated the children's dental anxiety using the Facial Image Scale (FIS). Parents completed a questionnaire on socioeconomic conditions, which included the family structure, number of siblings, parental level of education, and family income. A dentist blinded to FIS and socioeconomic data performed the clinical examination. Poisson regressions associate clinical and socioeconomic conditions with the outcome. Most of the children (53%) experienced extensive dental caries (dmf-t ≥ 6), and all children had severe caries lesions, with a PUFA index of ≥1 in 41% and that of ≥2 in 59%. The multivariate adjusted model showed that older children (4-5-year old) experienced lower dental anxiety levels compared with younger children (3-year old) (RR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.17-0.72 and RR = 0.18; 95%CI: 0.04-0.76, respectively), and children with three or more siblings were associated with higher levels of dental anxiety (RR = 2.27; 95%CI: 1.06-4.87). Older age is associated with low dental anxiety, and more number of siblings is associated with high dental anxiety in preschool children, whereas the severity or extent of dental caries is not associated with dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Abanto
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Alvarez Vidigal
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- University of Bern, Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stella Núbia Coelho de Sá
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bönecker
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Carvalho TS, Baumann T, Lussi A. Does erosion progress differently on teeth already presenting clinical signs of erosive tooth wear than on sound teeth? An in vitro pilot trial. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:14. [PMID: 27430320 PMCID: PMC4948097 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is clinically characterized by a loss of tooth surface, and different enamel depths may have different susceptibility to demineralization. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro pilot study was to assess if the progression of erosive demineralization is faster on teeth already presenting signs of ETW when compared to originally sound teeth. Methods We selected 23 central incisors: 14 were clinically sound (Sound) and 9 presented clinical signs of early erosive tooth wear (ETW-teeth). The teeth were embedded in resin, leaving an uncovered window of native enamel (6.69 ± 2.30 mm2) on the incisal half of the labial surface. We measured enamel surface reflection intensity (SRI) initially and after each consecutive erosive challenge (1 % citric acid, total of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 min). Calcium released to the citric acid was measured with an atomic absorption spectrometer. Results We observed higher initial SRI values in ETW-teeth than in Sound teeth (p = 0.007). During in vitro erosive demineralization, we observed that erosion on originally Sound teeth progressed significantly slower (p = 0.033) than on ETW-teeth: SRI decreased by 75 % (from 100 to 25 %) on Sound teeth, and by 89 % (from 100 to 11 %) on ETW-teeth. Calcium release increased during erosion, but presented no significant differences (p = 0.643) between originally Sound (0.031 μmol/mm2) and ETW-teeth (0.032 μmol/mm2). There was satisfactory correlation between calcium release and rSRI values (rs = −0.66). Conclusion The optical reflectometer distinguished originally sound teeth from those with signs of ETW, and the results suggest that acid demineralization progresses differently on teeth already presenting clinical signs of ETW than on sound teeth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0231-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Carvalho TS, Assunção CM, Jost F, Bürgin WB, Rodrigues JA, Lussi A. In vitro validation of a hand-held optical reflectometer to measure clinically observed erosive tooth wear. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1105-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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