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Bosma ML, McGuire JA, DelSasso A, Milleman J, Milleman K. Efficacy of flossing and mouth rinsing regimens on plaque and gingivitis: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:178. [PMID: 38310236 PMCID: PMC10837857 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of combinations of mechanical (brushing and flossing) and chemotherapeutic regimens which included essential oils (EO) non-alcohol and alcohol-containing mouthrinses compared to brushing only in the prevention and reduction of plaque, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding. METHODS This was a randomized, virtually supervised, examiner blind, controlled clinical trial. Following informed consent and screening, subjects (N = 270) with gingivitis were randomly assigned to one of the following regimens: (1) Brush Only (B, n = 54); (2) Brush/Rinse (EO alcohol-containing mouthrinse) (BA, n = 54); (3) Brush/Rinse (EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse) (BZ, n = 54); (4) Brush/Floss (BF, n = 54); (5) Brush/Floss/Rinse (EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse) (BFZ, n = 54). Unflavored waxed dental floss (REACH unflavored waxed dental floss), and fluoridated toothpaste (Colgate Cavity Protection) were used. Examinations included oral hard and soft tissue, plaque, gingivitis, gingival bleeding, probing depth and bleeding on probing. RESULTS After 12 weeks, both BA and BZ and the BFZ group were superior in reducing interproximal plaque (30.8%, 18.2%, 16.0%, respectively), gingivitis (39.0%, 36.9%, 36.1%, respectively), and bleeding (67.8%, 73.6%, 79.8%, respectively) compared to B. The BF group did not provide significant reductions in interproximal plaque but did reduce interproximal gingivitis (5.1%, p = 0.041) at Week 4 and bleeding at Weeks 4 and 12 (34.6%, 31.4%, p < 0.001 respectively) compared to B. The BFZ group did not significantly reduce interproximal plaque, gingivitis or bleeding compared to BZ. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the addition of EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse to the manual toothbrushing and flossing regimen further reduces plaque, gingivitis and bleeding showing that addition of EO mouthrinses (alcohol or non-alcohol containing) to the oral hygiene regimen provides sustained reductions in plaque to help maintain gingival health after a dental prophylaxis. Dental professional recommendation of the addition of an EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse to daily oral hygiene routines of brushing or brushing and flossing should be considered to aid supragingival plaque control and improve gingivitis prevention. STUDY REGISTRY NUMBER NCT05600231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lynn Bosma
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer, 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, NJ, 08558, USA
| | - James A McGuire
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer, 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, NJ, 08558, USA.
| | - Alicia DelSasso
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer, 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, NJ, 08558, USA
| | - Jeffery Milleman
- Salus Research, 1220 Medical Park Drive, Building 4, IN, Fort Wayne, 46825, USA
| | - Kimberly Milleman
- Salus Research, 1220 Medical Park Drive, Building 4, IN, Fort Wayne, 46825, USA
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Montesani L, Montesani L, Mateo L, Daep C, Huber N, Isapour G, Zhang YP. Antibacterial and clinical effectiveness of a mouthwash with a novel active system of amine + zinc lactate + fluoride: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:90. [PMID: 38217757 PMCID: PMC10902027 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To support the daily oral hygiene of patients experiencing gum inflammation, a new mouthwash was developed containing an amine + zinc lactate + fluoride system. In vitro and clinical efficacy was assessed using traditional methods as well as using novel site-specific and subject-specific analyses of the clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS This mouthwash was evaluated in a 12-h biofilm regrowth assay against a negative control mouthwash and in a 6-month plaque and gingivitis clinical study as compared to a negative control mouthwash. Analyses of healthy versus inflamed sites, visible plaque versus non-visible plaque sites, as well as subject-level evaluations bring new perspectives to the overall performance of this mouthwash and its significance from a patient outcome perspective. RESULTS Studies demonstrated that this new mouthwash provided long-term (12-h) antibacterial activity after single application in vitro and reduced clinically all plaque and gingivitis parameters after 3 months and 6 months of use when compared to the negative control mouthwash. Examination of site-level and subject-level data determined that this mouthwash significantly increased the number of healthy sites in the oral cavity and significantly improved the gum health of subjects in the study, as compared to the negative control mouthwash. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and clinical research has demonstrated the antibacterial and clinical benefits of this mouthwash containing an amine compound + zinc lactate + fluoride system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our subject-specific and site-specific analyses provide the dental practitioner with tools that can be used to guide patients who suffer from gingivitis toward optimal product selection and use. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (reference no. NCT05821712).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Mateo
- LRM Statistical Consulting, West Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Carlo Daep
- Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Yun-Po Zhang
- Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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3
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Hu J, Yu J, Liu H, Wang Z, Haapasalo M, Haney EF, Hancock REW, Deng S, Shen Y. Dynamic killing effectiveness of mouthrinses and a D-enantiomeric peptide on oral multispecies biofilms grown on dental restorative material surfaces. J Dent 2023; 134:104552. [PMID: 37201774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dynamics of killing of oral multispecies biofilms grown on dental restorative materials by commercially available mouthrinses and a D-enantiomeric peptide. METHODS Four composite resins (3M Supreme, 3M Supreme flow, Kerr Sonicfill, and Shofu Beautifil II) and one glass ionomer (GC Fuji II) were used as restorative materials. Plaque biofilms were grown on the surfaces of restorative material discs for 1 week. The surface roughness and biofilm attachment were assessed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. One-week-old biofilms grown anaerobically at 37°C were exposed to each of five solutions for one minute (twice daily for seven days): Listerine Total care and Paroex Gum mouthrinses, 0.12% chlorhexidine, 0.001% D-enantiomeric peptide DJK-5, and sterile water. The dynamic variation of the biovolume of the biofilms and the percentage of dead bacteria were monitored and analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS All restorative materials had similar surface roughness with intact biofilm attachment. The percentage of dead bacteria and biovolume of biofilms treated by each oral rinse solution remained constant between days 1 and 7, with no statistically significant difference. DJK-5 showed the highest percentage of dead bacteria (up to 75.7%; cf. ∼20-40% for other mouthrinses) of all solutions tested within 7 days. CONCLUSIONS DJK-5 outperformed conventional mouthrinses in killing bacteria in oral multispecies biofilms grown on dental restorative materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The antimicrobial peptide DJK-5 is effective against oral biofilms and serves as a promising candidate for the development of future mouthrinses to improve long-term oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jian Yu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Van der Weijden F. Aerosol in the oral health-care setting: a misty topic. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05034-x. [PMID: 37162570 PMCID: PMC10170433 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that mouth and respiratory tract microorganisms can be transported in aerosol and spatter. Due to aerosol-generating procedures, there are potentially various infection risks for patients and those working in health care, especially in oral health care. Dental aerosol can contaminate not only the mucous membranes of the oral health-care professional's mouth, respiratory passages, and eyes but also exposed surfaces and materials in the environment. As such, preventing disease transmission within oral health-care offices is important issue. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, an innumerable amount of (mis)information and advice on how to stay safe and prevent the spread of coronavirus has been published. What preventive measures can and have been taken to counteract this, and what have we learned during the pandemic? This review summarizes relevant literature that has addressed the presence and dispersal of aerosol and spatter as a concern in health care. It includes the sources of dental aerosol, their potential health threats, and strategies for controlling and mitigating their impact. It shows that further research is needed to better understand the potential health risks of dental aerosol and to develop effective strategies for mitigating them. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Using personal protective equipment, high-volume evacuation systems and pre-procedural antimicrobial agents can help to reduce the potential for infection in oral health-care settings and protect the well-being of oral health-care workers and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fridus Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kim NY, Park JH, Park J, Kwak N, Choi SM, Park YS, Lee CH, Cho J. Effect of chlorhexidine Mouthrinse on prevention of microbial contamination during EBUS-TBNA: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1334. [PMID: 36539736 PMCID: PMC9764697 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive procedure, fatal infectious complications have been reported. However, adequate preventive strategies have not been determined. We aimed to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinse on the prevention of microbial contamination during EBUS-TBNA. METHODS In this single-center, assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial, we randomly assigned adult participants undergoing EBUS-TBNA using a convex probe to gargle for 1 minute with 100 mL of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate before EBUS-TBNA or to receive usual care (no chlorhexidine mouthrinse). Aspiration needle wash samples were collected immediately after completion of EBUS-TBNA by instilling sterile saline into the used needle. The primary outcome was colony forming unit (CFU) counts per mL of needle wash samples in aerobic cultures. Secondary outcomes were CFU counts per mL of needle wash samples in anaerobic cultures, fever within 24 hours after EBUS-TBNA, and infectious complications within 4 weeks after EBUS-TBNA. RESULTS From January 2021 to June 2021, 106 patients received either chlorhexidine mouthrinse (n = 51) or usual care (n = 55). The median CFU counts of needle wash samples in aerobic cultures were not significantly different in the two groups (10 CFU/mL vs 20 CFU/mL; P = 0.70). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding secondary outcomes, including median CFU counts in anaerobic cultures (P = 0.41) and fever within 24 hours after EBUS-TBNA (11.8% vs 5.6%, P = 0.31). There were no infectious complications within 4 weeks in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Chlorhexidine mouthrinse did not reduce CFU counts in needle wash samples of EBUS-TBNA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04718922 . Registered on 22/01/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Kim
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimyung Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Choi
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Cho
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
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Rams TE, Sautter JD, Shin SS. Molecular Iodine Mouthrinse Antimicrobial Activity Against Periodontopathic Bacteria. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:1183-1189. [PMID: 37125513 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study compared two molecular iodine mouthrinses for their in vitro bactericidal effects against subgingival biofilm bacteria from severe periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a subgingival biofilm eradication assay, dilution aliquots of subgingival microbial specimens from 32 adults with severe periodontitis were mixed in vitro with either a mouthrinse containing 100 parts per million (ppm) molecular iodine (Iorinse®) or one containing 150 ppm molecular iodine (iClean®), followed by mouthrinse neutralization after 60 seconds with 3% sodium thiosulfate. The mixtures, along with unexposed subgingival biofilm aliquots, were inoculated onto enriched Brucella blood agar and incubated anaerobically for 7 days to quantitate total viable bacterial counts and selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Parvimonas micra, Campylobacter rectus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum). RESULTS Both molecular iodine mouthrinses significantly reduced total viable bacterial counts in the subgingival biofilm samples, with iClean® providing significantly greater in vitro suppression than Iorinse®. Both molecular iodine mouthrinses also significantly reduced total red/orange complex periodontal pathogens, with significantly greater suppression also exhibited by iClean®. CONCLUSION The molecular iodine mouthrinses exerted marked bactericidal activity in vitro against human subgingival biofilm microbial species, including red/orange complex periodontal pathogens associated with severe periodontitis, with iClean® providing significantly better antimicrobial activity than Iorinse®. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest potential value of molecular iodine mouthrinses in the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Rams
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, Phone: +12157072941, e-mail:
| | - Jacqueline D Sautter
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seunghwa S Shin
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Gedam KY, Katre AN. Efficacy of Probiotic, Chlorhexidine, and Sodium Fluoride Mouthrinses on Mutans Streptococci in 8- to 12-Year-Old Children: A Crossover Randomized Trial. Lifestyle Genom 2022; 15:35-44. [PMID: 35021171 DOI: 10.1159/000519916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oral cavity is home to a diverse and distinct microbiome. While the role of oral bacteria in cariogenic and other dental diseases is irrefutable, their beneficial effects in the form of probiotics (PB) has been less studied, especially pertaining to oral diseases in children. This study compares the efficacy of a PB mouthrinse with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouthrinse on the colony counts of mutans streptococci (MS) in children. METHODS A triple-blind crossover randomized trial between interventional groups was planned. Fifty-one children between 8 to 12 years of age were divided into three groups (I, II, and III) and were exposed to all three mouthrinses (A, B, and C) by randomized allocation for a period of two weeks with an inter-phase washout period of four weeks. Pre- and post-interventional MS counts (CFU/mL) were assessed, and the mean change was analysed using the t test (intragroup) and ANOVA (intergroup and crossover). RESULTS The mean changes in the colony counts obtained with the use of PB, CHX, and NaF mouthrinses were -1.0223 (-1.2201 to -0.8246), -0.9564 (-1.1503 to -0.7626), and -0.9511 (-1.1554 to -0.7467), respectively, which were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). However, the intergroup comparison for the mean change in colony counts revealed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The study concluded that the PB mouthrinse was equally efficacious as compared to CHX and NaF mouthrinses against MS in 8- to 12-year-old children. However, further studies are recommended to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krutika Y Gedam
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Amar N Katre
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India
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Dadgar S, Heydarian A, Sobouti F, Goli H, Rakhshan V, Heidari M. Effects of probiotic and fluoride mouthrinses on Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque around orthodontic brackets: A preliminary explorative randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:74. [PMID: 34760065 PMCID: PMC8543094 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.326647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although it is shown that probiotic agents might reduce Streptococcus mutans, no study has evaluated this effect in the form of probiotic mouthrinse. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic experimental mouthwash Lactobacillus plantarum versus sodium fluoride and placebo mouthwashes on the number of S. mutans present in dental plaque around orthodontic brackets in fixed orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. The total of 38 patients participate consisting of 12 patients in the fluoride group, 13 in the probiotic, and 12 in the placebo group. They were given mouthwashes to use twice a day for 2 weeks. Plaque sampling was performed using the 4-pass technique in all three groups in two stages: before the intervention and after 2 weeks of using the mouthwash. The number of bacteria present in the dental plaque was then reported based on the number of colonies grown on agar medium. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05). Results: Gender distribution, mean age, and protocol adherence were not significantly different among all three groups. After the intervention, the number of S. mutans present in the dental plaque followed an increasing manner in the placebo (P = 0.005) and probiotic (P = 0.158) groups and decreased in fluoride group (P = 0.025). Conclusion: The L. plantarum probiotic mouthwash was ineffective in reduction of S. mutans in dental plaque. However, fluoride mouthwash is considerably effective against S. mutans and thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Dadgar
- Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Orthodontic Department, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Sobouti
- Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Orthodontic Department, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Goli
- Molecular And Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Mohadeseh Heidari
- Dental Implant Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Aldowsari MK, Salama F, Al-Agamy MH, Alquraishi SA, Alsaif FS, Aldossary IB. Clinical Efficacy of Single Use of Three Different Mouthrinses on the Level of Streptococcus mutans in Saliva. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22:769-773. [PMID: 34615782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this cross-sectional population-based clinical study was to assess the effect of single use of three different mouthrinses on the level of salivary Streptococcus mutans of 8 to 10-year-old Saudi children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Convenient samples of 52 Saudi children aged 8-10 years were randomly allocated into four groups of 13 each. Saliva samples were collected to assess the level of S. mutans at baseline before rinsing with the assigned mouthrinse or control. Three mouthrinses, Avalon Avohex, Listerine Miswak, and Optima Aloe Dent Mouthrinse, were randomly distributed to the children. Each participant was instructed to rinse for 2 minutes using 10 mL of the assigned mouthrinse. Saliva samples were collected after rinsing and colony forming unit (CFU) of S. mutans per mL of saliva was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed to compare S. mutans count at baselines and postintervention values of each experimental group and control using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. All statistical analyses were set at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS All test groups showed a reduction in salivary S. mutans compared to that at baseline. Statistically significant reduction (p > 0.05) in bacterial count was seen in Avalon Avohex group. CONCLUSION A single-time rinse of chlorhexidine extract mouthrinse for 2 minutes effectively reduced the number of S. mutans of 8 to 10-year-old Saudi children. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Rinsing with chlorhexidine extract mouthrinse should be considered as a potential method in prevention of dental caries in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannaa K Aldowsari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +96655338765, e-mail:
| | - Fouad Salama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Faisal S Alsaif
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kim NY, Park JH, Park J, Kwak N, Choi SM, Park YS, Lee CH, Cho J. Effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinse on prevention of microbial contamination during EBUS-TBNA: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2021; 84:291-298. [PMID: 34162198 PMCID: PMC8497768 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2021.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a standard diagnostic method for mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Although rare, fatal infectious complications can occur following EBUS-TBNA. However, to date, there is a lack of effective preventive strategies to reduce these complications. We started a trial to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinse on the prevention of microbial contamination during EBUS-TBNA. Methods This study is a single-center, parallel-group, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT). We will enroll 112 adult participants undergoing EBUS-TBNA using a convex probe, and randomly assign them to two groups at a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will gargle for 1 minute with 100 mL of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate before EBUS-TBNA, while the control group will have no mouthrinse before the procedure. Immediately after completion of EBUS-TBNA on all targeted lesions with an aspiration needle, a needle wash sample will be taken by instilling 5 mL of sterile saline into the used needle. The primary outcome is colony forming unit (CFU) counts in aerobic cultures of the needle wash samples. Secondary outcomes are CFU counts in anaerobic cultures, fever within 24 hours after EBUS-TBNA, and infectious complications within 4 weeks after EBUS-TBNA. Conclusion This trial was designed as the first RCT to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinse on the prevention of microbial contamination during EBUS-TBNA. Results from this trial can provide clinical evidence for a simple, safe, and cost-effective strategy to prevent infectious complications following EBUS-TBNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimyung Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Jockel-Schneider Y, Schlagenhauf U, Petsos H, Rüttermann S, Schmidt J, Ziebolz D, Wehner C, Laky M, Rott T, Noack M, Noack B, Lorenz K. Impact of 0.1% octenidine mouthwash on plaque re-growth in healthy adults: a multi-center phase 3 randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4681-9. [PMID: 33483868 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate plaque inhibition of 0.1% octenidine mouthwash (OCT) vs. placebo over 5 days in the absence of mechanical plaque control. Materials and methods For this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group, multi-center phase 3 study, 201 healthy adults were recruited. After baseline recording of plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), collection of salivary samples, and dental prophylaxis, subjects were randomly assigned to OCT or placebo mouthwash in a 3:1 ratio. Rinsing was performed twice daily for 30 s. Colony forming units in saliva were determined before and after the first rinse. At day 5, PI, GI, and tooth discoloration index (DI) were assessed. Non-parametric van Elteren tests were applied with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Treatment with OCT inhibited plaque formation more than treatment with placebo (PI: 0.36 vs. 1.29; p < 0.0001). OCT reduced GI (0.04 vs. placebo 0.00; p = 0.003) and salivary bacterial counts (2.73 vs. placebo 0.24 lgCFU/ml; p < 0.0001). Tooth discoloration was slightly higher under OCT (DI: 0.25 vs. placebo 0.00; p = 0.0011). Mild tongue staining and dysgeusia occurred. Conclusions OCT 0.1% mouthwash inhibits plaque formation over 5 days. It therefore can be recommended when regular oral hygiene is temporarily compromised. Clinical relevance When individual plaque control is compromised, rinsing with octenidine mouthwash is recommended to maintain healthy oral conditions while side effects are limited. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-021-03781-3.
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12
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Lalla RV, Solé S, Becerra S, Carvajal C, Bettoli P, Letelier H, Santini A, Vargas L, Cifuentes A, Larsen F, Jara N, Oyarzún J, Feinn R, Bustamante E, Martínez B, Rosenberg D, Galván T. Efficacy and safety of Dentoxol® in the prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients (ESDOM): a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28:5871-5879. [PMID: 32266567 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Dentoxol mouthrinse in reducing the severity of oral mucositis (OM) secondary to radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase II clinical trial was conducted. Subjects were asked to use Dentoxol (n = 55) or control (n = 53) mouthrinse 5 times/day during RT. Twice a week, OM was assessed clinically using the WHO scale and the Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire (OMDQ) was completed. RESULTS The incidence of severe OM was 40.7% in the Dentoxol group and 51% in the control group (p = 0.265). Comparing all recorded clinical assessments, severe OM was seen in 13.3% of all assessments in the Dentoxol group vs. 21.8% in the control group (p = 0.000). There was a statistically significant lower proportion of assessments showing severe OM in the Dentoxol group at weeks 4, 5, and 6 of RT. The mean duration of severe OM was 11.95 days in the Dentoxol group vs. 14.59 days in the control group (p = 0.502). There was no difference between groups in mouth pain and its impact on function. The use of Dentoxol was safe and was not linked to any serious adverse events. CONCLUSION The use of Dentoxol 5 times/day is safe and resulted in significantly fewer time-points with severe OM and a delay in the onset of severe OM, compared with a control rinse. A phase III clinical trial is warranted to confirm efficacy and address the limitations of this study.
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13
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Gottsauner MJ, Michaelides I, Schmidt B, Scholz KJ, Buchalla W, Widbiller M, Hitzenbichler F, Ettl T, Reichert TE, Bohr C, Vielsmeier V, Cieplik F. A prospective clinical pilot study on the effects of a hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3707-13. [PMID: 32876748 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by inhalation of droplets and aerosols. This puts healthcare professionals from specialties with close patient contact at high risk of nosocomial infections with SARS-CoV-2. In this context, preprocedural mouthrinses with hydrogen peroxide have been recommended before conducting intraoral procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 1% hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on reducing the intraoral SARS-CoV-2 load. Methods Twelve out of 98 initially screened hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were included in this study. Intraoral viral load was determined by RT-PCR at baseline, whereupon patients had to gargle mouth and throat with 20 mL of 1% hydrogen peroxide for 30 s. After 30 min, a second examination of intraoral viral load was performed by RT-PCR. Furthermore, virus culture was performed for specimens exhibiting viral load of at least 103 RNA copies/mL at baseline. Results Ten out of the 12 initially included SARS-CoV-2-positive patients completed the study. The hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse led to no significant reduction of intraoral viral load. Replicating virus could only be determined from one baseline specimen. Conclusion A 1% hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse does not reduce the intraoral viral load in SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects. However, virus culture did not yield any indication on the effects of the mouthrinse on the infectivity of the detected RNA copies. Clinical relevance The recommendation of a preprocedural mouthrinse with hydrogen peroxide before intraoral procedures is questionable and thus should not be supported any longer, but strict infection prevention regimens are of paramount importance. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (ref. DRKS00022484)
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Altwaim B, Salama F, Alogayyel S. Effect of Probiotic Mouthrinses on Surface Microhardness of Esthetic Restorative Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020; 21:543-548. [PMID: 32690837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the influence of three probiotic mouthrinses on the microhardness of three esthetic materials used for teeth restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty specimens of each material: conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer, and resin composite were randomly assigned to three groups. Surface microhardness was measured at baseline. The specimens were immersed in probiotic mouthrinses, group I: (P2 probiotic power), group II: (Probioclean), and group III (BōKU natural). Microhardness was measured after 21 and 63 minutes of immersion which is comparable with 3 and 9 weeks of mouthrinse use every day, respectively. Measurements of microhardness were completed using Micro Vickers testing machine with a 200 g load applied for a duration of 15 seconds. RESULTS The microhardness change of the three restorative materials reveled statistically significant differences in all mouthrinse groups (p = 0.001). BōKU natural mouthrinse decreased microhardness significantly in all restorative materials (p < 0.05). However, Probioclean mouthrinse was associated with an increase in microhardness in all restorative materials. The effect of P2 probiotic power mouthrinse varied depending on time cycles and the restorative material. The mean difference in mouthrinse groups of resin composite was highest in BōKU natural at immersion time of 63 minutes. While no mean difference was seen in P2 probiotic power group at immersion time of 21 minutes which had no effect on the microhardness of resin composite. CONCLUSION Surface microhardness was affected by immersion in probiotic mouthrinses. The BōKU natural mouthrinse had the highest reduction, while resin composite showed the least change in surface microhardness. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE There is lack of studies that investigated the effect of probiotics mouthrinses on the surface properties of restorative materials. This study showed evidence that some of the tested probiotic mouthrinses in this study decreased the microhardness of the tested tooth-colored restorative materials after immersion for 21 and 63 minutes which is equivalent to 3 and 9 weeks of everyday use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashaer Altwaim
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Salama
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan, USA, Phone: +1 313-494-6877, e-mail:
| | - Shahad Alogayyel
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Aceves Argemí R, González Navarro B, Ochoa García-Seisdedos P, Estrugo Devesa A, López-López JOS. Mouthwash With Alcohol and Oral Carcinogenesis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2020; 20:101407. [PMID: 32473798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that the risk of developing oral cancer is closely related to the intensity and duration of exposure to alcohol and tobacco. Even so, the use of mouthwashes with alcohol in their compositions and the increased risk of oral cancer has been a source of controversy for decades. OBJECTIVE This study proposes a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature, to assess the possible relationship between the use of mouthwashes with alcohol and the development of oral and pharyngeal cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was done using the Medline and PubMed databases. Exclusion criteria were as follows: articles published in languages other than English or Spanish, systematic reviews, and expert opinions. No limitations were used for publication date. RESULTS A total of 14 articles were obtained, 11 case-control studies and 3 clinical trials. Three case-control studies found no statistically significant evidence between the relationship of mouthwash use and oral cancer and the remaining 8 case-control studies found statistically significant evidence. The 3 clinical trials observed a relationship between the use of mouthwashes with alcohol and the possibility of developing cancer due to the genotoxicity and mutagenic capacity of alcohol in chronic contact with oral tissues and mucous membranes. The meta-analysis resulted in an OR = 1.480 and a P-value = .161 (95% CI: 0.855; P-value = 2.561) for the analysis of studies of cancer risk and consumption of mouthwashes with alcohol and OR = 1.057 0.364 (95% CI: 0.951; P-value = 1.174) for studies that related the risk of cancer and mouthwash use without taking into account the presence of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS There is no sufficient evidence to accept the proposition that the use of mouthwashes containing alcohol can influence the development of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Aceves Argemí
- Department of Oral Medicine, Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry) - Dental Hospital, University Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz González Navarro
- Department of Oral Medicine, Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry) - Dental Hospital, University Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry) - Dental Hospital, University Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Ochoa García-Seisdedos
- Department of Oral Medicine, Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry) - Dental Hospital, University Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Estrugo Devesa
- Department of Odontostomatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry) - Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - JOSé López-López
- Department of Oral Medicine, Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry) - Dental Hospital, University Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry) - Dental Hospital, University Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Head of the Odontological Hospital University of Barcelona, Barcelona Univertisity, Barcelona, Spain.
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Al-Shahrani AA, Levon JA, Hara AT, Tang Q, Lippert F. The ability of dual whitening anti-caries mouthrinses to remove extrinsic staining and enhance caries lesion remineralization - An in vitro study. J Dent 2020; 103S:100022. [PMID: 34059305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjodo.2020.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This laboratory study investigated the ability of dual whitening anti-caries mouthrinses to remove extrinsic staining from artificially stained caries lesions and to enhance their remineralization and fluoridation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Early caries lesions were created in bovine enamel specimens. The lesions were artificially stained and pH cycled for 10 days with the daily cycling regimen consisting of twice daily 60s-treatments with one of 11 mouthrinses, a 4-h demineralization period and artificial saliva treatments in between. Mouthrinses were eight commercially available products, all containing 100ppm fluoride but utilizing hydrogen peroxide, pyro-, tri- or hexametaphosphate salts and/or sodium bicarbonate. The three control mouthrinses were 100ppm fluoride, 30 % hydrogen peroxide and deionized water. Enamel color changes (ΔE) were determined spectrophotometrically. Vickers surface microhardness (VHN) was used to determine lesion remineralization. Enamel fluoride content (EFC) was determined using the microbiopsy technique. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS ΔE was significantly different among groups (p=0.0045). Thirty percent hydrogen peroxide was superior to all other mouthrinses, while there were no differences between commercial mouthrinses and deionized water. There were small, directional but non-significant differences between commercial mouthrinses with those containing hydrogen peroxide providing better whitening. There were no significant differences between mouthrinses in their ability to remineralize caries lesions (p=0.2898). EFC differed among groups (p<0.0001), with the two mouthrinses containing pyrophosphate salts having lower EFC than all but the deionized water group. CONCLUSIONS Artificially stained caries lesions show reduced susceptibility to fluoride remineralization and whitening effects of commercial whitening and anti-caries mouthrinses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Artificially stained caries lesions appear to require stronger than over-the-counter interventions to successfully whiten and remineralizing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahid A Al-Shahrani
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA; Department of Dental Technology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - John A Levon
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA.
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Machado AC, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Caetano TM, Russo LC, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Using fluoride mouthrinses before or after toothbrushing: effect on erosive tooth wear. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104520. [PMID: 31445424 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1. To evaluate the use of fluoridated mouthrinses before or after toothbrushing on erosive tooth wear. 2. To compare the anti-erosive effect of the combination toothpaste and mouthrinse containing fluoride, with or without stannous chloride. DESIGN Enamel and dentin specimens were randomly distributed into groups (n = 10 of each substrate/group): B-brushing, B + R-brushing + rinsing, and R + B-rinsing + brushing. The treatments were performed using a fluoride toothpaste (BF: 1400 ppm fluoride, as amino fluoride-AmF) combined or not with a fluoride mouthrinse (RF: 250 ppm fluoride, as AmF and sodium fluoride-NaF) or fluoride and stannous toothpaste (BF+Sn: 1400 ppm fluoride, as AmF and NaF, 3500 ppm stannous, as stannous chloride-SnCl2 and 0.5% chitosan) combined or not with fluoride and stannous mouthrinse (RF+Sn: 500 ppm fluoride, as AmF and NaF, 800 ppm stannous, as SnCl2). As control, brushing was performed with artificial saliva (BC). Specimens were submitted to a 5-day erosive-abrasive cycling model. Treatments were performed twice daily. Surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS For enamel, RF+BF and RF+Sn+BF+Sn presented significantly lower SL than the control, with RF+BF being significantly lower than RF+Sn+BF+Sn. For dentin, BC had the lowest SL, not differing from BF+Sn+RF+Sn, RF+Sn+BF+Sn and BF. Groups RF+BF and BF+RF showed highest SL, not differing from BF+Sn and BF+Sn. CONCLUSIONS For enamel, the use of a mouthrinse before brushing was able to reduce erosive wear for both fluoride and stannous products. For dentin, the use of stannous-containing products, irrespective of the order of application, presented superior effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Cristina Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7 CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tainá Mautone Caetano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano Citadini Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7 CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Mishra P, Marwah N, Agarwal N, Chaturvedi Y, Suohu T. Comparison of Punica granatum, Terminalia chebula, and Vitis vinifera Seed Extracts used as Mouthrinse on Salivary Streptococcus mutans Levels in Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019; 20:920-927. [PMID: 31797848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of all Punica granatum, Terminalia chebula, and Vitis vinifera on salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in children and also to evaluate their substantivity at an interval of 15 days that is at day 1, days 16, and 31. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was designed for a randomized clinical double-blinded study where 80 children of 8-15 years of age were living in a residential premise. Subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 each to whom mouthrinses were given. The criteria for assessing the efficacy was done by collecting the saliva sample for pH, buffering capacity, plaque index, and Streptococcus mutans microbiologic assay. These values were assessed at the baseline, days 16, and 31. Children were asked to discontinue mouthrinse from days 16 to 31. The supervisor was trained to administer the mouthrinses properly. RESULTS The data were coded and analysis was done using the SPSS version 20. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The pH and buffering capacity showed that values were almost the same among all four groups at various time intervals which showed statistically nonsignificant results. Punica granatum showed a maximum reduction in S. mutans count followed by T. chebula and V. vinifera, although they were statistically nonsignificant. The Vitis vinifera group had successfully reduced more plaque score at day 16 (0.04) followed by T. chebula (0.09) and P. granatum (0.12). CONCLUSION This in vivo study implied that V. vinifera had shown the lowest plaque reduction owing to its antioxidant and phytochemical properties. And P. granatum showed the maximum substantivity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mouthrinses helped in reducing plaque deposition, caries activity, and helped in oral hygiene maintenance. Hereby, we can conclude that nutraceutical mouthrinses are safe in children and produced superior results than the chemical mouthrinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mishra
- Department of Pedodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Phone: +91 9868786574, e-mail:
| | - Nikhil Marwah
- Department of Pedodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neha Agarwal
- Department of Pedodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yogita Chaturvedi
- Department of Pedodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Thejavinuo Suohu
- Department of Pedodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Erbe C, Klukowska M, Timm HC, Barker ML, van der Wielen J, Wehrbein H. A randomized controlled trial of a power brush/irrigator/ mouthrinse routine on plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod 2018; 89:378-384. [PMID: 30516413 DOI: 10.2319/022618-159.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients after 4 weeks' use of an oscillating-rotating power brush, irrigator, and mouthrinse. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized, examiner-blind, clinical trial comparing plaque and gingivitis outcomes for an experimental power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse oral hygiene routine vs a dental prophylaxis followed by regular manual brushing (positive control). Fifty-one participants with fixed orthodontic appliances in the upper and lower jaw and a minimum of 15 gingival bleeding sites were randomly assigned to experimental or positive control treatment. Both groups were instructed to use their products at least twice daily. At baseline, week 1, and week 4, plaque was evaluated using digital plaque imaging analysis and a conventional subjective index. Gingival inflammation and bleeding were also measured. Analysis of covariance was used to compare groups. RESULTS Fifty-one participants (mean age = 13.9 years) were randomized; 50 (25 per group) completed the study. At baseline, group means were not statistically different (P > .1) for gingival inflammation or bleeding. At week 4, the experimental and control groups had a 10.0% to 32.7% and 5.9% to 6.7% reduction vs baseline, respectively, in plaque (across both methods); 12.6% and 8.3% reduction, respectively, in gingival inflammation; and 50.6% and 37.8% reduction, respectively, in bleeding. At week 4, group differences favoring the experimental group were statistically significant (P < .05) for gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, and plaque (by conventional and digital imaging indexes). CONCLUSIONS Use of a power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse resulted in statistically significantly greater plaque and gingivitis reductions than prophylaxis followed by manual brushing in patients with fixed appliances over 4 weeks.
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20
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Lynch MC, Cortelli SC, McGuire JA, Zhang J, Ricci-Nittel D, Mordas CJ, Aquino DR, Cortelli JR. The effects of essential oil mouthrinses with or without alcohol on plaque and gingivitis: a randomized controlled clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:6. [PMID: 29321067 PMCID: PMC5763666 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of several variants of essential oil mouthrinses has been studied extensively. This is the first study to compare the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of two marketed essential oil mouthrinses: one is an alcohol containing mouthrinse and the other one is an alcohol-free mouthrinse. METHODS This examiner-blind, parallel-group study randomized subjects to three groups: 1) Mechanical Oral Hygiene (MOH) only; 2) MOH plus Alcohol-Containing essential oil Mouthrinse (ACM); 3) MOH plus Alcohol-Free essential oil Mouthrinse (AFM). Primary endpoint was whole-mouth mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) at six months. Secondary endpoints included whole-mouth mean MGI at one and three months, and whole-mouth mean Plaque Index (PI) and whole-mouth mean Bleeding Index (BI) at one, three and six months. Safety assessments were conducted at all time points. RESULTS A total of 370 subjects were enrolled; 348 subjects completed the study. After six months, subjects using essential oil mouthrinses with or without alcohol showed significant reduction (p < 0.001) in gingivitis (28.2% and 26.7%, respectively) and significant reduction (p < 0.001) in plaque (37.8% and 37.0%, respectively), compared to those performing MOH only. Significant reductions in MGI, PI, and BI (p < 0.001) were observed at one and three months and also at six months for mean BI. No statistically significant differences were observed for all measured indices between ACM and AFM groups at any time point. Both mouthrinses were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences were observed in the efficacy of ACM and AFM to reduce plaque and gingivitis, when used in addition to MOH, over six months. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov on November 30, 2016. The registration number is NCT02980497 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Lynch
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.,, 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, New Jersey, 08558, USA
| | - Sheila Cavalca Cortelli
- Nucleus of Periodontal Research, Dental School, University of Taubate, Taubaté, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - James A McGuire
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.,, 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, New Jersey, 08558, USA
| | - Jane Zhang
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.,, 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, New Jersey, 08558, USA.
| | - Danette Ricci-Nittel
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.,, 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, New Jersey, 08558, USA
| | - Carolyn J Mordas
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.,, 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, New Jersey, 08558, USA
| | - Davi Romeiro Aquino
- Nucleus of Periodontal Research, Dental School, University of Taubate, Taubaté, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Jose Roberto Cortelli
- Nucleus of Periodontal Research, Dental School, University of Taubate, Taubaté, São Paolo, Brazil
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Parkinson CR, Hara AT, Nehme M, Lippert F, Zero DT. A randomised clinical evaluation of a fluoride mouthrinse and dentifrice in an in situ caries model. J Dent 2018; 70:59-66. [PMID: 29289727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fluoride mouthrinses provide advantages for fluoride delivery by maintaining elevated intra-oral fluoride concentrations following fluoride dentifrice use. This in situ caries study investigated potential anti-caries efficacy of a 220 ppm fluoride mouthrinse. METHODS This was an analyst-blinded, four-treatment, randomised, crossover study using partially demineralised, gauze-wrapped, human enamel samples mounted in a mandibular partial denture. Participants brushed twice daily for 14 days with either a 1150 ppm fluoride or a fluoride-free placebo dentifrice and either rinsed once daily with the 220 ppm fluoride mouthrinse or not. Following each treatment period, percent surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) were assessed. RESULTS Fifty three participants completed the study. Compared with the placebo dentifrice/no rinse treatment, the fluoride-containing regimens demonstrated greater enamel remineralisation (%SMHR) and fluoridation (EFU): fluoride dentifrice/fluoride rinse (%SMHR difference: 21.55 [95% CI: 15.78,27.32]; EFU difference 8.35 [7.21,9.29]); fluoride dentifrice/no rinse: 19.48 [13.81,25.15]; 6.47 [5.35,7.60]; placebo dentifrice/fluoride rinse: 16.76 [11.06,22.45]; 5.87 [4.72,7.00] (all P < .0001). There were no significant differences in%SMHR between fluoride regimens. The fluoride dentifrice/fluoride rinse regimen was associated with higher EFU than the fluoride dentifrice/no rinse (1.88 [0.75,3.01], P = .0013) and placebo dentifrice/fluoride rinse regimens (2.48 [1.34,3.62], P < .0001). Treatments were generally well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The in situ caries model demonstrated that the fluoride mouthrinse is effective in promoting enamel caries lesion remineralisation and fluoridation whether used following a fluoride or non-fluoride dentifrice. Additive (potential) anti-caries benefits of a fluoride rinse after a fluoride dentifrice were confined to enhancements in lesion fluoridation (EFU). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In conjunction with a fluoride dentifrice, fluoride mouthrinses enhance enamel fluoridation, which may be useful in caries prevention.
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Abstract
Background Standard recommendations to maintain daily oral hygiene include tooth brushing and interdental cleaning. Evidence from literature indicates that using a mouthrinse as an adjunct provides benefit beyond mechanical methods. The objective of this article was to evaluate the short- and long-term effect of a mouthwash containing essential oils (LISTERINE®) in improving oral health. Methods PubMed (MEDLINE) and bibliographies from the relevant retrieved reviews were searched to identify clinical studies involving the use of LISTERINE mouthrinse. The primary outcome measure was short- and long-term efficacy of mouthrinse containing essential oil (LISTERINE®) in improving oral health. Results Based on our search, 26 studies supported the use of essential-oil-containing mouthrinse (LISTERINE®) as an adjunct to daily oral health regimen. Most studies were conducted in healthy subjects, 2 studies in orthodontic patients, 1 each in xerostomia patients and mentally disabled patients. Of these, 13 studies supported the short-term (<3 months) and 13 studies supported the long-term (3-6 months) efficacy of LISTERINE mouthrinse as an adjunct to mechanical methods. Conclusions This review provides strong evidence of the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effects of essential-oil-containing mouthrinse LISTERINE® as an adjunct to daily tooth brushing and interdental cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Derafshi R, Khorshidi H, Kalantari M, Ghaffarlou I. Effect of mouthrinses on color stability of monolithic zirconia and feldspathic ceramic: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:129. [PMID: 29116000 PMCID: PMC5678816 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients susceptible to periodontal disease and dental caries, including those who undergo fixed prosthodontic treatments use chemical plaque control agents. However, these mouthrinses may result in adverse effects such as discoloration of the restorative materials. The aim of this study was to compare the color stability of monolithic zirconia and feldspathic porcelain after immersion in two different mouthrinses: 0.2% Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or Listerine®. Color change was evaluated by color spectrophotometer and according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIELab) system. METHODS We prepared 72 disc-shaped porcelains (n = 36) as follows: Group A consisted of dental direkt cube X2 discs (49% translucency) as the monolithic zirconia and group B consisted of VITA VMK 95 as a feldspathic porcelain. Groups A and B were divided into three subgroups (n = 12 per group). Each subgroup was immersed in one of the following three solutions: distilled water (control), CHX, or Listerine® for 2 min, once per day. We recorded the samples' baseline color values according to the CIELab system by using a color spectrophotometer operated by an experienced operator. Color measurements were subsequently obtained following 7 days of immersion, and after the samples were rinsed with distilled water and allowed to dry. We measured CIE L*, a*, and b*and calculated the color difference (ΔE*ab). All data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Color changes occurred in the experimental groups. The ΔE*ab values were significantly greater in VMK 95 porcelain compared to cube X2 (both p < 0.001) following immersion in CHX and Listerine® mouthrinses. However no significant difference was founded when distilled water was used (p = 0.630). For the two materials, the ΔE values were highest in CHX, followed by the Listerine® and distilled water. CONCLUSION Both monolithic zirconia and feldspathic porcelain were susceptible to color changes following immersion in CHX and Listerine® mouthrinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Derafshi
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hooman Khorshidi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamadhasan Kalantari
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ilyad Ghaffarlou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Soygun K, Varol O, Ozer A, Bolayir G. Investigations on the effects of mouthrinses on the colour stability and surface roughness of different dental bioceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2017; 9:200-207. [PMID: 28680552 PMCID: PMC5483407 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2017.9.3.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, three bioceramic materials, [IPS Empress CAD (Ivoclar), IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar), and Lava Ultimate CAD (3M ESPE)] were treated with three commercial mouthrinses [Listerine, Tantum Verde, and Klorhex]; and changes in colour reflectance and surface roughness values were then quantitatively assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty ceramic samples, with dimensions of 2 × 12 × 14 mm, were prepared and divided into nine sample groups, except three control samples. The samples were immersed in the mouthrinse solutions for 120 hrs, and changes in colour reflectance and surface roughness values were measured by UV light spectrophotometry (Vita Easyshade; VITA Zahnfabrik) and by profilometer device (MitutoyoSurftest SJ-301), respectively. The change of surface roughness was inspected by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). RESULTS There was a positive correlation between the ΔE and increase in the surface roughness. Two of the ceramic materials, IPS Empress and Lava Ultimate, were affected significantly by the treatment of the mouthrinse solutions (P<.05). The most affecting solution was Tantum Verde and the most affected material was Lava Ultimate. As expected, the most resistant material to ΔE and chemical corrosion was IPS e max CAD among the materials used. CONCLUSION This work implied that mouthrinse with lower alcohol content had less deteriorating effect on colour and on the surface morphology of the bioceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Soygun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Osman Varol
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Ozer
- Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Giray Bolayir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Marchetti E, Tecco S, Caterini E, Casalena F, Quinzi V, Mattei A, Marzo G. Alcohol-free essential oils containing mouthrinse efficacy on three-day supragingival plaque regrowth: a randomized crossover clinical trial. Trials 2017; 18:154. [PMID: 28359280 PMCID: PMC5374648 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the antiplaque effects of an alcohol-free mouthrinse containing essential oils—Listerine Zero (LZ)—and an alcohol-based essential oils mouthrinse (EO+) compared with a positive control of 0.20% chlorhexidine mouthrinse (CHX) and a negative control of a placebo solution (saline), using an in vivo plaque regrowth model of three days. Methods The study was designed as a double-masked, randomized, crossover clinical trial, involving 21 volunteers to compare four different mouthrinses, using a three-day plaque regrowth model. After receiving thorough professional prophylaxis at baseline, over the next three days each volunteer refrained from all oral hygiene measures and performed two daily rinses with 15 mL of the test mouthrinses. EO+ was compared with LZ. CHX rinse served as a positive control and a placebo solution as a negative control. At the end of each experimental period, the Plaque Index (PI) was assessed and a panelist completed through a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire evaluating the organoleptic properties of each product. Each participant underwent a 14-day washout period and then there was another allocation. Results LZ showed the same inhibitory activity on plaque regrowth compared with EO+ in the whole mouth (PI = 1.72 versus 1.65, respectively), but there was less of an effect compared to the CHX (overall PI of 1.07) and a more efficient activity than the saline solution negative control (PI = 2.31). The difference of 0.07 between LZ and EO+ was not statistically significant. Conclusions LZ seems to have the same inhibiting effect on plaque regrowth as EO+ and a less inhibiting effect than the CHX control. Both LZ and EO+, as well as the CHX control, show a better inhibiting effect on plaque regrowth than the placebo solution. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02894593. Registered on 4 September 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1901-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marchetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P. le G. Liberatore, Ed. Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Simona Tecco
- Dental School University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, via Le Mainarde 26, Pescara, 65124, Italy
| | - Eleonora Caterini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P. le G. Liberatore, Ed. Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fabio Casalena
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P. le G. Liberatore, Ed. Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Quinzi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P. le G. Liberatore, Ed. Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Mattei
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P. le G. Liberatore, Ed. Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P. le G. Liberatore, Ed. Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Saxena S, Lakshminarayan N, Gudli S, Kumar M. Anti Bacterial Efficacy of Terminalia Chebula, Terminalia Bellirica, Embilica Officinalis and Triphala on Salivary Streptococcus Mutans Count - A Linear Randomized Cross Over Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC47-ZC51. [PMID: 28384980 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/23558.9355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From the oral health perspective, it is well established that microorganisms have an important role in caries aetiology. From the dawn of civilization, herbal plants have served an array of roles. Triphala a tradtional herbal Ayurvedic formula consists of three native fruits of india including Terminalia Chebula (T. chebula), Terminalia Bellirica (T. bellirica) and Embilica Officinalis (E. officinalis). As per Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) Triphala is prepared by combining a 1:1:1 mixture of ground dry fruits called myrobalans. Till date, an inadequate number of clinical researches on herb based mouth rinses have been reported in Asia, especially in India and other Southeast Asian countries (where these products are most accepted and widely used). The present study was planned to assess the effectiveness of Triphala with its three constituents. AIM The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Triphala, T. chebula, T. bellirica and E. officinalis aqueous extract rinses separately on Streptococcusmutans count at various time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a double-blind, linear cross over, within group experimental trial conducted among subjects visiting the Department of Public Health Dentistry aged 15 to 40 years. In this design, subjects received all of the treatments sequentially in time. The independent variables to be assessed in this study were all the four interventions of herbal preparations used and the dependent variable assessed is anti bacterial efficacy. Each subject receives two or more different treatments. All the subjects were exposed to all four interventions: 1) T. chebula; 2) T. bellirica; 3) E. officinalis; and 4) Triphala and were provided 15 ml of the freshly prepared 10% rinse. The subjects were instructed not to eat or drink between salivary samples collection. Post rinse unstimulated salivary samples were collected at five minutes and 60 minutes intervals. All the salivary samples were transferred immediately to microbiological laboratory in sterile containers within one hour for microbiological analysis. RESULTS The mean Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of S. mutans with Triphala when compared to other three intervention was significantly reduced at 5 minutes and 60 minutes (p=0.001). E. officinalis showed least reduction of mean CFUs when compared to other three groups. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that all four rinses were effective in reducing S. mutans CFUs, but 10% Triphala has greater efficacy than its other constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smariti Saxena
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nagesh Lakshminarayan
- Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College , Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Shanmukha Gudli
- Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, GSL Dental College , Lakshmipuram, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Science , Sanghivalasa, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Azaripour A, Weusmann J, Eschig C, Schmidtmann I, Van Noorden CJF, Willershausen B. Efficacy of an aluminium triformate mouthrinse during the maintenance phase in periodontal patients: a pilot double blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:57. [PMID: 27216479 PMCID: PMC4878033 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this prospective placebo-controlled pilot study was to evaluate short-term effects of a mouthrinse containing aluminium triformate (ATF) on gingival inflammation and plaque formation in periodontal patients who are in the maintenance phase. ATF has styptic (astringent) and anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS Forty non-smoking periodontal patients with modified sulcus bleeding index (MSBI) ≥40 % were randomly divided into two groups. The participants received a masked mouthrinse (ATF or placebo) and were instructed with the rinsing protocol of 3 daily rinses during 30 s for 7 days. One blinded investigator (CE) performed all clinical examinations. The primary outcome was reduction in gingival inflammation as measured by MSBI. The secondary outcomes were reduction of the amount of plaque as measured by plaque index (PI) and approximal plaque index (API) and the occurrence of side effects. The patients were evaluated at the start and the end of the rinsing period, including the compliance of the patients. RESULTS MSBI was reduced in both groups compared to baseline, but the ATF group showed significantly more reduction in MSBI compared to the placebo group (ATF: 17.6 %, placebo: 7.6 %, p = 0.035). ATF and placebo had no effects on dental plaque. Patients reported ATF mouthrinse not to have side effects other than oral sensation, whereas compliance of the patients was good. Almost all patients in the ATF group reported reduction of gum bleeding after 1 week of rinsing with ATF. CONCLUSIONS This short-term pilot clinical trial is a firm basis to design a long-term controlled clinical trial to show whether ATF helps to inhibit further periodontal breakdown in maintenance patients with high MSBI. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform as DRKS00007672 , date of registration: 21/01/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Azaripour
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jens Weusmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carl Eschig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brita Willershausen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Mor-Reinoso C, Pascual A, Nart J, Quirynen M. Inhibition of de novo plaque growth by a new 0.03 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse formulation applying a non-brushing model: a randomized, double blind clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1459-67. [PMID: 26475499 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the plaque inhibitory effect of a new 0.03 % chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and 0.05 % cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthrinse formulation and to explore patients' experience and side effects after its use. MATERIALS AND METHODS This short-term, randomized, double blind, parallel, clinical trial enrolled 150 periodontally healthy patients. These volunteers were randomly allocated to one of following mouthrinse groups (n = 50/group): 0.12 % CHX + 0.05 % CPC (Perio-Aid® Treatment alcohol-free), 0.03 % CHX + 0.05 % CPC new test formulation or to the placebo group. Clinical parameters (plaque, gingival, and stain indexes) and microbiological samples were taken at baseline, before supragingival cleaning, and after 4 days of undisturbed plaque growth, rinsing twice/day with one of the mouthrinses. RESULTS Plaque reduction was similar for the 0.12 % CHX (-0.52 ± 0.55) and 0.03 % CHX (-0.47 ± 0.49) groups. Both showed significant reductions in plaque accumulation compared to the placebo (p < 0.001). The new formulation had less of a negative impact on taste perception when compared to the 0.12 % CHX solution. The new CHX mouthrinse was also able to control bacterial loads and reduce some periodontopathogens. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the new 0.03 % CHX + 0.05 % CPC formulation exerted clinical efficacy similar to that achieved by an already-marketed 0.12 % CHX + 0.05 % CPC mouthrinse, but with slightly fewer side effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lower CHX mouthrinse formulations could be effective in the inhibition of plaque regrowth with reduced unpleasant subjective side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mor-Reinoso
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital General de Catalunya, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/ Josep Trueta s/n, C.P. 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andres Pascual
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital General de Catalunya, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/ Josep Trueta s/n, C.P. 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital General de Catalunya, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/ Josep Trueta s/n, C.P. 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences and Periodontology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals & Dentistry Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Also note that structured abstracts are not allowed per journal style: What is the effect of a mouthwash containing various active chemical ingredients on plaque control and managing gingivitis in adults based on evidence gathered from existing systematic reviews? The summarized evidence suggests that mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine(CHX) and essential oils (EO) had a large effect supported by a strong body of evidence. Also there was strong evidence for a moderate effect of cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC). Evidence suggests that a CHX mouthwash is the first choice, the most reliable alternative is EO. No difference between CHX and EO with respect to gingivitis was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fridus A Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eveline Van der Sluijs
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian G Ciancio
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dagmar E Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sharma D, McGuire JA, Gallob JT, Amini P. Randomised clinical efficacy trial of potassium oxalate mouthrinse in relieving dentinal sensitivity. J Dent 2015; 41 Suppl 4:S40-8. [PMID: 23929644 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(13)70005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine the efficacy in relieving dentinal sensitivity of 4 weeks' treatment with an alcohol-free mouthrinse comprising 1.4% potassium oxalate (KO) (Listerine® Advanced Defence Sensitive; LADS), compared with negative and positive controls. METHODS Subjects were randomised to one of three treatments: LADS mouthrinse - twice-daily toothbrushing with Crest® Cavity Protection Regular toothpaste, rinsing with water and then 10 mL LADS mouthrinse, followed by expectoration; negative control (twice-daily brushing with Crest Cavity Protection Regular toothpaste); or positive control (twice-daily brushing with Sensodyne® Original desensitising toothpaste). Dentine sensitivity was assessed at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks by Yeaple probe (tactile pressure; patient-reported discomfort by visual analogue scale [VAS]), air blast (VAS) and global subjective sensitivity (VAS). Oral tolerance was monitored throughout the study. RESULTS At 2 weeks, subjects treated with the positive control and LADS mouthrinse showed significant reductions (p<0.05) in sensitivity scores versus the negative control. At 4 weeks, sensitivity decreased by 110% in the positive-control subjects versus negative-control subjects (p<0.001); sensitivity decreased by 80% in subjects receiving LADS mouthrinse versus negative-control subjects (p<0.05). No serious treatment-related oral adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS The positive control (Sensodyne Original) significantly reduced sensitivity compared with the negative control (Crest toothpaste alone), thus validating the study. The LADS mouthrinse (1.4% KO mouthrinse) significantly reduced sensitivity compared with the negative control, suggesting that LADS mouthrinse was responsible for the clinical effect observed. The treatments were well tolerated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first randomised clinical study to demonstrate the efficacy of a KO-containing mouthrinse (LADS) in relieving dentinal sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Oral Care Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Products Worldwide, Skillman, NJ, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review defines dentine sensitivity (DS), its prevalence, its aetiology, the mechanism(s) responsible for DS, its diagnosis and its treatment. The review then examines the modes of action of various treatments for DS including potassium salts, strontium salts, bioglasses, arginine/calcium carbonate and professional treatments such as adhesives and oxalates. The methods used to evaluate the various treatment modalities are discussed, including laboratory studies and randomised controlled clinical trials. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid Medline and Cochrane reviews for information on DS and its treatments, as well as laboratory and clinical studies used to evaluate the efficacy of various DS treatments. With regard to efficacy of treatments for DS only reports of clinical studies that were randomised, controlled and blinded were reviewed. The authors offer new insights into the shortcomings of the recent systematic review of the use of oxalates for DS. CONCLUSION The authors introduce the concept of a novel desensitising mouthrinse containing 1.4% potassium oxalate: Listerine® Advanced Defence Sensitive mouthrinse. Readers of this supplement issue of the Journal of Dentistry are invited to review the significance of managing the clinical problem of DS. They are also invited to assess data from laboratory and randomised controlled clinical studies in order to understand the advantages offered by regular use of 1.4% potassium oxalate-containing mouthrinse, Listerine Advanced Defence Sensitive, in particular its resistance to daily erosive and/or abrasive challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mantzourani
- Oral Care Scientific and Professional Affairs, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Services EAME Ltd, Foundation Park, Maidenhead, UK
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Ahrari F, Eslami N, Rajabi O, Ghazvini K, Barati S. The antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sangius to colloidal solutions of different nanoparticles applied as mouthwashes. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2015; 12:44-9. [PMID: 25709674 PMCID: PMC4336971 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.150330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metal nanoparticles have been recently applied in dentistry because of their antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial effects of colloidal solutions containing zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sangius and compare the results with those of chlorhexidine and sodium fluoride mouthrinses. Materials and Methods: After adding nanoparticles to a water-based solution, six groups were prepared. Groups I to IV included colloidal solutions containing nanoZnO, nanoCuO, nanoTiO2 and nanoAg, respectively. Groups V and VI consisted of 2.0% sodium fluoride and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes, respectively as controls. We used serial dilution method to find minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and with subcultures obtained minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the solutions against S. mutans and S. sangius. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan test and P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The sodium fluoride mouthrinse did not show any antibacterial effect. The nanoTiO2-containing solution had the lowest MIC against both microorganisms and also displayed the lowest MBC against S. mutans (P < 0.05). The colloidal solutions containing nanoTiO2 and nanoZnO showed the lowest MBC against S. sangius (P < 0.05). On the other hand, chlorhexidine showed the highest MIC and MBC against both streptococci (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The nanoTiO2-containing mouthwash proved to be an effective antimicrobial agent and thus it can be considered as an alternative to chlorhexidine or sodium fluoride mouthrinses in the oral cavity provided the lack of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on biologic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Eslami
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Farmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Songsiripradubboon S, Hamba H, Trairatvorakul C, Tagami J. Sodium fluoride mouthrinse used twice daily increased incipient caries lesion remineralization in an in situ model. J Dent 2014; 42:271-8. [PMID: 24394584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the remineralizing effects of fluoride mouthrinses used at different times and frequency in addition to fluoride toothpaste. METHODS A randomized crossover single blinded study comprised 4 experimental phases of 21 days each. Twelve orthodontic volunteers were fixed with an orthodontic bracket containing an artificial carious enamel slab, which was from the same tooth in all 4 phases, and were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) brushing with F toothpaste 2× per day (F- brush), (2) F- brush+rinsing with 0.05% NaF (F- rinse) after lunch, (3) F- brush+F-rinse before bedtime, and (4) F- brush+F- rinse 2× per day. Mean mineral gain after each phase was determined from mineral density profiles obtained using Micro-CT. RESULTS The mean mineral gain in all treatments with F- brush and F-rinse were significantly greater than those in F- brush (p<0.05). Moreover F- rinse 2× per day increased lesion remineralization more than F- rinse once a day. CONCLUSIONS The twice-daily use of 0.05% NaF mouthrinse combined with twice-daily regular use of fluoride toothpaste resulted in the greatest remineralization of incipient caries. These data indicate that rinsing frequency is a factor affecting the effectiveness of fluoride mouthrinse. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The rinsing frequency of NaF mouthrinse, when used with fluoride toothpaste, also affects the remineralization. This finding, if confirmed by a clinical study, would lead to a new recommendation for fluoride mouthrinse used in high caries risk patients who could benefit from using it twice a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Songsiripradubboon
- Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Chutima Trairatvorakul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Song HY, Li Y. Can eradication rate of gastric Helicobacter pylori be improved by killing oral Helicobacter pylori? World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6645-6650. [PMID: 24151394 PMCID: PMC3801381 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i39.6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the influence of oral Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) on the success of eradication therapy against gastric H. pylori.
METHODS: A total of 391 patients with dyspepsia were examined for H. pylori using the saliva H. pylori antigen test (HPS), 13C-urea breath test (UBT), gastroscopy, and gastric mucosal histopathological detection. Another 40 volunteers without discomfort were subjected to HPS and 13C-UBT, and served as the control group. The 233 patients who were 13C-UBT+ were enrolled in this study and divided into 4 groups. Patients who were HPS- and 13C-UBT+ (n = 53) received triple therapy alone. Those who were both HPS+ and 13C-UBT+ (n = 180) were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) the O+G+t group which received triple therapy alone (n = 53); (2) the O+G+tm group which received both triple therapy and mouthrinse treatment (n = 65); and (3) the O+G+tmp group which received triple therapy, mouthrinse, and periodontal treatment (n = 62). The HPS and 13C-UBT were continued for 4 wk after completion of treatment, and the eradication rate of gastric H. pylori and the prevalence of oral H. pylori in the 4 groups were then compared.
RESULTS: The eradication rates of gastric H. pylori in the O-G+t group, the O+G+tm group, and the O+G+tmp group were 93.3%, 90.0%, and 94.7% respectively; all of these rates were higher than that of the O+G+t group (78.4%) [O-G+t group vs O+G+t group (P = 0.039); O+G+tm group vs O+G+t group (P = 0.092); O+G+tmp group vs O+G+t group (P = 0.012); O+G+tm group vs O-G+t group (P = 0.546); O+G+tmp group vs O-G+t group (P = 0.765); O+G+tm group vs O+G+tmp group (P = 0.924)]. The eradication of gastric H. pylori was significantly improved using the combination of triple therapy, mouthrinse, and periodontal treatment. The eradication rates of gastric H. pylori in the peptic ulcer group, chronic atrophic gastritis group and control group were higher than in the duodenitis group and the superficial gastritis group. The prevalence rates of oral H. pylori in the O-G+t group, O+G+t group, O+G+tm group and O+G+tmp group following treatment were 0%, 76.5%, 53.3%, and 50.9%, respectively [O-G+t group vs O+G+t group (P < 0.0001); O+G+tm group vs O+G+t group (P = 0.011); O+G+tmp group vs O+G+t group (P = 0.006); O+G+tm group vs O-G+t group (P < 0.0001); O+G+tmp group vs O-G+t group (P < 0.0001); O+G+tm group vs the O+G+tmp group (P = 0.790)]. Both mouthrinse and periodontal treatment significantly reduced the prevalence of oral H. pylori.
CONCLUSION: Mouthrinse treatment alone or combined with periodontal treatment can, to some extent, reduce the prevalence of oral H. pylori and improve the eradication rate of gastric H. pylori.
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Goutham BS, Manchanda K, Sarkar AD, Prakash R, Jha K, Mohammed S. Efficacy of two commercially available Oral Rinses - Chlorohexidine and Listrine on Plaque and Gingivitis - A Comparative Study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5:56-61. [PMID: 24155621 PMCID: PMC3780369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to be useful adjuncts to daily oral home care in the control of plaque and gingivitis. The objective of the study was to evaluate effect of two oral rinses; Chlorohexidine and Listerine on Plaque and Gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A doubled blind study was done on 150 patients visiting OPD of oxford general hospital for 2 months to compare the efficiency of two commercially available mouth rinses i.e. chlorohexdine (0.2%) & Listerine on plaque & gingivitis, along with a Placebo. RESULTS At the end of 28 weeks chlorohexdine & listerine significantly reduced plaque growth & gingivitis compared to a Placebo however chlorohexdine was more effective than Listerine. CONCLUSION Chlorehexidine (0.2%) and a phenolic mouth rinse significantly reduced plaque growth and gingival inflammation compared to a placebo mouthrinse, however chlorhexidine rinse was more effective against plaque regrowth than the phenolic rinse. How to cite this article: Goutham BS, Manchanda K, Sarkar AD, Prakash R, Jha K, Mohammed S. Efficacy of two commercially available Oral Rinses - Chlorohexidine and Listrine on Plaque and Gingivitis - A Comparative Study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):56-61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Subramanya Goutham
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental sciences, Bhubneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Kavita Manchanda
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Gurunanak Institute of Dental Science & Research, Sodepur, Kolkata, India
| | - Avishek De Sarkar
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Gurunanak Institute of Dental Science & Research, Sodepur, Kolkata, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- Department of Periodontolgy, Gurunanak Institute of Dental Science & Research, Sodepur, Kolkata, India
| | - Kunal Jha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental sciences, Bhubneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Shafaat Mohammed
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sardar Patel Dental Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sridhar V, Wali GG, Shyla HN. Evaluation of the perioperative use of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate for the prevention of alveolar osteitis after the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: a clinical study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2011; 10:101-11. [PMID: 22654359 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-011-0206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clinically evaluate the perioperative use of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate for the prevention of alveolar osteitis, to assess the patient compliance to chlorhexidine and to prepare a comprehensive treatment plan to prevent alveolar osteitis after removal of an impacted third molar extraction. METHODS A prospective study was done on 50 patients with bilaterally impacted lower third molars which were indicated for extraction. Extraction of impacted mandibular third molar on one side was done without using any mouthrinse. While extracting the third molar on the other side, patients were instructed to use chlorhexidine 0.2% mouth rinse for 8 days, 1 day preceding and 7 days following the surgery. They were instructed to use chlorhexidine 0.2% (Rexidine) mouth rinse for 30 s twice a day (before breakfast and after dinner) with 15 ml of the rinse with 1:1 dilution with clean water. All the patients were evaluated for pain, presence or absence of clot and condition of the alveolar bone for the diagnosis of dry socket. RESULTS Incidence of dry sockets was 8%, when patients did not use 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate perioperatively which is statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS It appeared that the incidence of dry socket can be reduced significantly by using 0.2% chlorhexidne gluconate mouth rinse perioperatively (twice daily, 1 day before and 7 days after surgical extraction.
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Prasanth M. Antimicrobial efficacy of different toothpastes and mouthrinses: an in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2011; 8:85-94. [PMID: 22013468 PMCID: PMC3177399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-microbial agents have been used as a chemotherapeutic agent to improve oral health. This in vitro study was carried out to determine antimicrobial efficacy of different toothpastes and mouthrinses against the oral pathogens. METHODS A total of five toothpastes and five mouthrinses were tested for their antimicrobial activity against three oral pathogens namely, Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 890), Escherichia coli (MTCC 579) and Candida albicans (MTCC 854) by well agar diffusion assay. Statistical Analysis was performed using a statistical package, SPSS windows version 15, by applying mean values using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc least square differences (LSD) method(α = 0.05). RESULTS Toothpaste formulation A showed maximum zones of inhibition against the test organism, Escherichia coli (P<60;0.001) compared to all other toothpastes formulations. Against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, the zones of inhibition were less in comparison to E.coli but were significantly different at higher dilutions (1:8, 1:16 P<60;0.05) for toothpaste formulation A. Mouthrinses formulation H showed maximum efficacy against the test organism, Escherichia coli (P<60;0.001) compared to all other mouthrinse formulations. Against Streptococcus mutans, mouthrinses formulations F, G and J showed significant antimicrobial activity (P<60;0.05) compared to formulation H and I. CONCLUSION In the present study, it has been demonstrated that triclosan containing toothpastes formulations are more effective in control of oral microflora compared to non-triclosan containing synthetic toothpastes. Among mouthrinses formulations, chlorhexidine was found to be more effective than or as effective as triclosan against the organisms tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manupati Prasanth
- Assistant Professor, School of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi National Institute of Research and Social Action (MGNIRSA), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.,
Correspondence to: Manupati Prasanth,
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Özan F, Sümer Z, Polat ZA, Er K, Özan Ü, Deḡer O. Effect of mouthrinse containing propolis on oral microorganisms and human gingival fibroblasts. Eur J Dent 2007; 1:195-201. [PMID: 19212467 PMCID: PMC2609911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different mouthrinse containing propolis solutions and mouthrinse containing 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on oral microorganisms and human gingival fibroblasts. METHODS Four different solutions of propolis were prepared and propylene glycol and alcohol were used as solvents for each propolis sample. Mouthrinse containing propolis was prepared at four different concentrations as 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1%. Besides, CHX was used as control group. The antibacterial effects of five solutions on oral microorganisms were tested and their cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated by agar diffusion test. RESULTS At this concentrations effectiveness of mouthrinse containing propolis samples on oral microorganisms were not found as effective as CHX. On the contrary, samples found less cytotoxic on human gingival fibroblasts than CHX. CONCLUSIONS Standardized preparations of propolis can be used as a mouthrinse at appropriate concentrations. To obtain a standardized chemical composition, advanced researches are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Özan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Sümer
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Akın Polat
- CUTFAM Research Center, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kürşat Er
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey,Corresponding Author: Dr. Kürşat Er Karadeniz Technical University, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics 61080, Trabzon, Turkey. Tel: +90 462 3774735, Fax: +90 462 3253017 e-mail:
| | - Ülkü Özan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Orhan Deḡer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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