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Harnessing fungi to mitigate CH 4 in natural and engineered systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7365-7375. [PMID: 29982927 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources, and its emission rates vary among sources as a function of environment, microbial respiration, and feedbacks. Biological CH4 flux from natural and engineered systems is typically represented simply as generation of CH4 by methanogens minus oxidation by methanotrophs. In many cases, however, CH4 flux is modulated by transport and solubility mechanisms that occur before oxidation or other chemical transformation. The ability of fungi to directly oxidize CH4 remains unclear; however, their hydrophobic growths extending above microbial biofilms can improve surface area and sorption of hydrophobic gases. This can improve overall oxidation rates in a biofilm simply by improving phase transfer dynamics and bioavailability to bacterial or archaeal associates. This indirect facilitation is not necessarily intuitive, but there has been a recent emerging interest in harnessing these fungal abilities in engineering bioreactors and filtration systems designed to capture and oxidize CH4. These dynamics may be playing a similar facilitative role in natural CH4 oxidation, where fungi may indirectly influence carbon mineralization and methanogen/methanotroph communities, and/or directly oxidize and dissolve gaseous CH4. This review highlights these unique roles for fungi in determining net CH4 oxidation rates, and it summarizes the potential to harness fungi to mitigate CH4 emissions.
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152
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Miśta D, Króliczewska B, Pecka-Kiełb E, Piekarska J, Marounek M, Zawadzki W. Comparative in vitro study of caecal microbial activity in brown hares and domestic rabbits which were offered the same diet. MAMMAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-018-0357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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153
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Pagliano G, Ventorino V, Panico A, Romano I, Robertiello A, Pirozzi F, Pepe O. The effect of bacterial and archaeal populations on anaerobic process fed with mozzarella cheese whey and buttermilk. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:110-122. [PMID: 29597107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dairy wastes can be conveniently processed and valorized in a biorefinery value chain since they are abundant, zero-cost and all year round available. For a comprehensive knowledge of the microbial species involved in producing biofuels and valuable intermediates from dairy wastes, the changes in bacterial and archaeal population were evaluated when H2, CH4 and chemical intermediates were produced. Batch anaerobic tests were conducted with a mixture of mozzarella cheese whey and buttermilk as organic substrate, inoculated with 1% and 3% w/v industrial animal manure pellets. The archaeal methanogens concentration increased in the test inoculated at 3% (w/v) when H2 and CH4 production occurred, being 1 log higher than that achieved in the test inoculated at 1% (w/v). Many archaeal species, mostly involved in the production of CH4, were identified by sequencing denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands. Methanoculleus, Methanocorpusculum and Methanobrevibacter genera were dominant archaea involved in the anaerobic process for bioenergy production from mozzarella cheese whey and buttermilk mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pagliano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | | | - Ida Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Alessandro Robertiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy.
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154
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Melchior E, Hales K, Lindholm-Perry A, Freetly H, Wells J, Hemphill C, Wickersham T, Sawyer J, Myer P. The effects of feeding monensin on rumen microbial communities and methanogenesis in bred heifers fed in a drylot. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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155
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Ma Z, Wang R, Wang M, Zhang X, Mao H, Tan Z. Short communication: Variability in fermentation end-products and methanogen communities in different rumen sites of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5153-5158. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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156
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Petri RM, Vahmani P, Yang HE, Dugan MER, McAllister TA. Changes in Rumen Microbial Profiles and Subcutaneous Fat Composition When Feeding Extruded Flaxseed Mixed With or Before Hay. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1055. [PMID: 29887841 PMCID: PMC5981202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extruded flaxseed (25%) and ground hay (75%) were each fed (DM basis) either together in a total mixed ration (TMR) or as flaxseed first followed by hay (non-TMR) to three pens of eight crossbred steers (n = 24 per diet) for 240 days. Compared to TMR, feeding non-TMR enriched subcutaneous fat with α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and its biohydrogenation intermediates including vaccenic acid [trans(t)11-18:1], rumenic acid [cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid] and conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA). Rumen microbial analysis using QIIME indicated that 14 genera differed (P ≤ 0.05) between TMR and the non-TMR. Azoarcus and Streptococcus were the only genera which increased in relative abundance in the TMR fed steers, whereas Methanimicrococcus, Moryella, Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Succinivibrio, Suttenella, and TG5 decreased as compared to steers fed the non-TMR. Among these, Moryella, Succiniclasticum, and Succinivibrio, spp. were correlated with fatty acid profiles, specifically intermediates believed to be components of the major biohydrogenation pathway for ALA (i.e., t11, c15-18:2, c9, t11, c15-18:3, and total CLnA). In addition, negative correlations were found between the less abundant Ruminoccocus-like OTU60 and major ALA biohydrogenation intermediates, as well as positive correlations with several intermediates from alternative pathways that did not involve the formation of trans 11 double bonds. The present results suggest a number of pathways for ALA biohydrogenation are operating concurrently in the rumen, with their balance being influenced by diet and driven by less abundant species rather than members of the core bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Petri
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Hee Eun Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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157
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Ozbayram EG, Ince O, Ince B, Harms H, Kleinsteuber S. Comparison of Rumen and Manure Microbiomes and Implications for the Inoculation of Anaerobic Digesters. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6010015. [PMID: 29443879 PMCID: PMC5874629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle manure is frequently used as an inoculum for the start-up of agricultural biogas plants or as a co-substrate in the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic feedstock. Ruminal microbiota are considered to be effective plant fiber degraders, but the microbes contained in manure do not necessarily reflect the rumen microbiome. The aim of this study was to compare the microbial community composition of cow rumen and manure with respect to plant fiber-digesting microbes. Bacterial and methanogenic communities of rumen and manure samples were examined by 454 amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and mcrA genes, respectively. Rumen fluid samples were dominated by Prevotellaceae (29%), whereas Ruminococcaceae was the most abundant family in the manure samples (31%). Fibrobacteraceae (12%) and Bacteroidaceae (13%) were the second most abundant families in rumen fluid and manure, respectively. The high abundances of fiber-degrading bacteria belonging to Prevotellaceae and Fibrobacteraceae might explain the better performance of anaerobic digesters inoculated with rumen fluid. Members of the genus Methanobrevibacter were the predominant methanogens in the rumen fluid, whereas methanogenic communities of the manure samples were dominated by the candidate genus Methanoplasma. Our results suggest that inoculation or bioaugmentation with fiber-digesting rumen microbiota can enhance the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Gozde Ozbayram
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Orhan Ince
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahar Ince
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sabine Kleinsteuber
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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158
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Witzig M, Zeder M, Rodehutscord M. Effect of the ionophore monensin and tannin extracts supplemented to grass silage on populations of ruminal cellulolytics and methanogens in vitro. Anaerobe 2018; 50:44-54. [PMID: 29408017 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the methane-decreasing effect of monensin (∼21%) and different hydrolysable tannins (24%-65%) during in vitro fermentation of grass silage was accompanied by changes in abundances of cellulolytics and methanogens. Samples of liquid (LAM) and solid (SAM) associated microbes were obtained from two rumen simulation technique experiments in which grass silage was either tested in combination with monensin (0, 2 or 4 mg d-1) or with different tannin extracts from chestnut, valonea, sumac and grape seed (0 or 1.5 g d-1). Total prokaryotes were quantified by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI) staining of paraformaldehyde-ethanol-fixed cells and relative abundances of ruminal cellulolytic and methanogenic species were assessed by real time quantitative PCR. Results revealed no change in absolute numbers of prokaryotic cells with monensin treatment, neither in LAM nor in SAM. By contrast, supplementation of chestnut and grape seed tannins decreased total prokaryotic counts compared to control. However, relative abundances of total methanogens did not differ between tannin treatments. Thus, the decreased methane production by 65% and 24% observed for chestnut and grape seed tannins, respectively, may have been caused by a lower total number of methanogens, but methane production seemed to be also dependent on changes in the microbial community composition. While the relative abundance of F. succinogenes decreased with monensin addition, chestnut and valonea tannins inhibited R. albus. Moreover, a decline in relative abundances of Methanobrevibacter sp., especially M. ruminantium, and Methanosphaera stadtmanae was shown with supplementation of monensin or chestnut tannins. Proportions of Methanomicrobium mobile were decreased by monensin in LAM while chestnut and valonea had an increasing effect on this methanogenic species. Our results demonstrate a different impact of monensin and tannins on ruminal cellulolytics and gave indication that methane decrease by monensin and chestnut tannins was associated with decreased abundances of M. ruminantium and M. stadtmanae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Witzig
- Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - M Zeder
- Technobiology GmbH, 6033 Buchrain, Switzerland
| | - M Rodehutscord
- Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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159
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Auffret MD, Stewart R, Dewhurst RJ, Duthie CA, Rooke JA, Wallace RJ, Freeman TC, Snelling TJ, Watson M, Roehe R. Identification, Comparison, and Validation of Robust Rumen Microbial Biomarkers for Methane Emissions Using Diverse Bos Taurus Breeds and Basal Diets. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2642. [PMID: 29375511 PMCID: PMC5767246 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous shotgun metagenomic analyses of ruminal digesta identified some microbial information that might be useful as biomarkers to select cattle that emit less methane (CH4), which is a potent greenhouse gas. It is known that methane production (g/kgDMI) and to an extent the microbial community is heritable and therefore biomarkers can offer a method of selecting cattle for low methane emitting phenotypes. In this study a wider range of Bos Taurus cattle, varying in breed and diet, was investigated to determine microbial communities and genetic markers associated with high/low CH4 emissions. Digesta samples were taken from 50 beef cattle, comprising four cattle breeds, receiving two basal diets containing different proportions of concentrate and also including feed additives (nitrate or lipid), that may influence methane emissions. A combination of partial least square analysis and network analysis enabled the identification of the most significant and robust biomarkers of CH4 emissions (VIP > 0.8) across diets and breeds when comparing all potential biomarkers together. Genes associated with the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway converting carbon dioxide to methane, provided the dominant biomarkers of CH4 emissions and methanogens were the microbial populations most closely correlated with CH4 emissions and identified by metagenomics. Moreover, these genes grouped together as confirmed by network analysis for each independent experiment and when combined. Finally, the genes involved in the methane synthesis pathway explained a higher proportion of variation in CH4 emissions by PLS analysis compared to phylogenetic parameters or functional genes. These results confirmed the reproducibility of the analysis and the advantage to use these genes as robust biomarkers of CH4 emissions. Volatile fatty acid concentrations and ratios were significantly correlated with CH4, but these factors were not identified as robust enough for predictive purposes. Moreover, the methanotrophic Methylomonas genus was found to be negatively correlated with CH4. Finally, this study confirmed the importance of using robust and applicable biomarkers from the microbiome as a proxy of CH4 emissions across diverse production systems and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D. Auffret
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Stewart
- Edinburgh Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Dewhurst
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carol-Anne Duthie
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Rooke
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Wallace
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Freeman
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Snelling
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mick Watson
- Edinburgh Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Roehe
- Scotland's Rural College, Future Farming System (FFS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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160
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Enzmann F, Mayer F, Rother M, Holtmann D. Methanogens: biochemical background and biotechnological applications. AMB Express 2018; 8:1. [PMID: 29302756 PMCID: PMC5754280 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since fossil sources for fuel and platform chemicals will become limited in the near future, it is important to develop new concepts for energy supply and production of basic reagents for chemical industry. One alternative to crude oil and fossil natural gas could be the biological conversion of CO2 or small organic molecules to methane via methanogenic archaea. This process has been known from biogas plants, but recently, new insights into the methanogenic metabolism, technical optimizations and new technology combinations were gained, which would allow moving beyond the mere conversion of biomass. In biogas plants, steps have been undertaken to increase yield and purity of the biogas, such as addition of hydrogen or metal granulate. Furthermore, the integration of electrodes led to the development of microbial electrosynthesis (MES). The idea behind this technique is to use CO2 and electrical power to generate methane via the microbial metabolism. This review summarizes the biochemical and metabolic background of methanogenesis as well as the latest technical applications of methanogens. As a result, it shall give a sufficient overview over the topic to both, biologists and engineers handling biological or bioelectrochemical methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Enzmann
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Mayer
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Rother
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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161
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Ivarsson M, Bengtson S, Drake H, Francis W. Fungi in Deep Subsurface Environments. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 102:83-116. [PMID: 29680127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The igneous crust of the oceans and the continents represents the major part of Earth's lithosphere and has recently been recognized as a substantial, yet underexplored, microbial habitat. While prokaryotes have been the focus of most investigations, microeukaryotes have been surprisingly neglected. However, recent work acknowledges eukaryotes, and in particular fungi, as common inhabitants of the deep biosphere, including the deep igneous provinces. The fossil record of the subseafloor igneous crust, and to some extent the continental bedrock, establishes fungi or fungus-like organisms as inhabitants of deep rock since at least the Paleoproterozoic, which challenges the present notion of early fungal evolution. Additionally, deep fungi have been shown to play an important ecological role engaging in symbiosis-like relationships with prokaryotes, decomposing organic matter, and being responsible for mineral weathering and formation, thus mediating mobilization of biogeochemically important elements. In this review, we aim at covering the abundance and diversity of fungi in the various igneous rock provinces on Earth as well as describing the ecological impact of deep fungi. We further discuss what consequences recent findings might have for the understanding of the fungal distribution in extensive anoxic environments and for early fungal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Ivarsson
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Warren Francis
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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162
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Impact of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Rumen Microbiota of Bovines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9610810. [PMID: 29445749 PMCID: PMC5763072 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9610810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of phytogenic dietary additives is being evaluated as a means to improve animal productivity. The effect of tannins seems to be the influence not only directly on the digestive process through binding of dietary proteins but also indirectly over their effects on gastrointestinal microbiota. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was used to analyze the impact of dietary supplementation with a blend of chestnut and quebracho tannins on the rumen microbiota of Holstein steers. Bacterial richness was lower in tannins treated animals, while the overall population structure of rumen microbiota was not significantly disturbed by tannins. The ratio of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, a parameter associated with energy harvesting function, was increased in tannins supplemented animals, essentially due to the selective growth of Ruminococcaceae over members of genus Prevotella. Fibrolytic, amylolytic, and ureolytic bacterial communities in the rumen were altered by tannins, while methanogenic archaea were reduced. Furthermore, ruminal pH was significantly higher in animals supplemented with tannins than in the control group, while urease activity exhibited the opposite pattern. Further work is necessary to assess the relation between tannins impact on rumen microbiota and alteration of rumen fermentation parameters associated with bovine performance.
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163
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Fillingham MA, VanderZaag AC, Burtt S, Baldé H, Ngwabie NM, Smith W, Hakami A, Wagner-Riddle C, Bittman S, MacDonald D. Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from production of compost bedding on a dairy farm. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 70:45-52. [PMID: 28931476 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in composting technology enable dairy farms to produce their own bedding from composted manure. This management practice alters the fate of carbon and nitrogen; however, there is little data available documenting how gaseous emissions are impacted. This study measured in-situ emissions of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3) from an on-farm solid-liquid separation system followed by continuously-turned plug-flow composting over three seasons. Emissions were measured separately from the continuously-turned compost phase, and the compost-storage phase prior to the compost being used for cattle bedding. Active composting had low emissions of N2O and CH4 with most carbon being emitted as CO2-C and most N emitted as NH3-N. Compost storage had higher CH4 and N2O emissions than the active phase, while NH3 was emitted at a lower rate, and CO2 was similar. Overall, combining both the active composting and storage phases, the mean total emissions were 3.9×10-2gCH4kg-1 raw manure (RM), 11.3gCO2kg-1 RM, 2.5×10-4g N2O kg-1 RM, and 0.13g NH3 kg-1 RM. Emissions with solid-separation and composting were compared to calculated emissions for a traditional (unseparated) liquid manure storage tank. The total greenhouse gas emissions (CH4+N2O) from solid separation, composting, compost storage, and separated liquid storage were reduced substantially on a CO2-equivalent basis compared to traditional liquid storage. Solid-liquid separation and well-managed composting could mitigate overall greenhouse gas emissions; however, an environmental trade off was that NH3 was emitted at higher rates from the continuously turned composter than reported values for traditional storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fillingham
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A C VanderZaag
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - S Burtt
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Baldé
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - N M Ngwabie
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - W Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Hakami
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - S Bittman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D MacDonald
- Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
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164
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Oh S, Suzuki Y, Hayashi S, Suzuki Y, Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Potency of cashew nut shell liquid in rumen modulation under different dietary conditions and indication of its surfactant action against rumen bacteria. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 59:27. [PMID: 29204288 PMCID: PMC5701504 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-017-0150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is an agricultural byproduct containing alkylphenols that has been shown to favorably change the rumen fermentation pattern only under experimentally fixed feeding conditions. Investigation of CNSL potency in rumen modulation under a variety of feeding regimens, and evidence leading to the understanding of CNSL action are obviously necessary for further CNSL applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potency of CNSL for rumen modulation under different dietary conditions, and to visually demonstrate its surfactant action against selected rumen bacteria. Methods Batch culture studies were carried out using various diets with 5 different forage to concentrate (F:C) ratios (9:1, 7:3, 5:5. 3:7 and 1:9). Strained rumen fluid was diluted with a buffer and incubated with each diet. Gas and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were characterized after 18 h incubation at 39 °C. Monensin was also evaluated as a reference additive under the same conditions. Four species of rumen bacteria were grown in pure culture and exposed to CNSL to determine their morphological sensitivity to the surfactant action of CNSL. Results CNSL supplementation decreased total gas production in diets with 5:5 and 3:7 F:C ratios, whereas the F:C ratio alone did not affect any gas production. Methane decrease by CNSL addition was more apparent in diets with 5:5, 3:7, and 1:9 F:C ratios. An interactive effect of CNSL and the F:C ratio was also observed for methane production. CNSL supplementation enhanced propionate production, while total SCFA production was not affected. Monensin decreased methane production but only in a diet with a 1:9 F:C ratio with increased propionate. Studies of pure cultures indicated that CNSL damaged the cell surface of hydrogen- and formate-producing bacteria, but did not change that of propionate-producing bacteria. Conclusion CNSL can selectively inhibit rumen bacteria through its surfactant action to lead fermentation toward less methane and more propionate production. As CNSL is effective over a wider range of dietary conditions for such modulation of rumen fermentation in comparison with monensin, this new additive candidate might be applied to ruminant animals for various production purposes and at various stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Oh
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Shusuke Hayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
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165
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Danielsson R, Ramin M, Bertilsson J, Lund P, Huhtanen P. Evaluation of a gas in vitro system for predicting methane production in vivo. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8881-8894. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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166
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Kim SH, Mamuad LL, Kim EJ, Sung HG, Bae GS, Cho KK, Lee C, Lee SS. Effect of different concentrate diet levels on rumen fluid inoculum used for determination of in vitro rumen fermentation, methane concentration, and methanogen abundance and diversity. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1394170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Lovelia L. Mamuad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eun-Joong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Ha-Guyn Sung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sangji University, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Gui-Seck Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Keun Cho
- Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
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167
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Cunha CS, Veloso CM, Marcondes MI, Mantovani HC, Tomich TR, Pereira LGR, Ferreira MFL, Dill-McFarland KA, Suen G. Assessing the impact of rumen microbial communities on methane emissions and production traits in Holstein cows in a tropical climate. Syst Appl Microbiol 2017; 40:492-499. [PMID: 29113689 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of how the gut microbiota affects both methane emissions and animal production is necessary in order to achieve methane mitigation without production losses. Toward this goal, the aim of this study was to correlate the rumen microbial communities (bacteria, archaea, and fungi) of high (HP), medium (MP), and low milk producing (LP), as well as dry (DC), Holstein dairy cows in an actual tropical production system with methane emissions and animal production traits. Overall, DC cows emitted more methane, followed by MP, HP and LP cows, although HP and LP cow emissions were similar. Using next-generation sequencing, it was found that bacteria affiliated with Christensenellaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, S24-7, Butyrivibrio, Schwartzia, and Treponema were negatively correlated with methane emissions and showed positive correlations with digestible dry matter intake (dDMI) and digestible organic matter intake (dOMI). Similar findings were observed for archaea in the genus Methanosphaera. The bacterial groups Coriobacteriaceae, RFP12, and Clostridium were negatively correlated with methane, but did not correlate with dDMI and dOMI. For anaerobic fungal communities, no significant correlations with methane or animal production traits were found. Based on these findings, it is suggested that manipulation of the abundances of these microbial taxa may be useful for modulating methane emissions without negatively affecting animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Cunha
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900,Brazil.
| | - Cristina M Veloso
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900,Brazil.
| | - Marcos I Marcondes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900,Brazil.
| | - Hilario C Mantovani
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Thierry R Tomich
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Eugênio do Nascimento Avenue, 610, Cascatinha, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36038-330, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Gustavo R Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Eugênio do Nascimento Avenue, 610, Cascatinha, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36038-330, Brazil.
| | - Matheus F L Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900,Brazil.
| | - Kimberly A Dill-McFarland
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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168
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Lima PMT, Moreira GD, Sakita GZ, Natel AS, Mattos WT, Gimenes FMA, Gerdes L, McManus C, Abdalla AL, Louvandini H. Nutritional evaluation of the legumeMacrotyloma axillareusing in vitro and in vivo bioassays in sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e669-e676. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. M. T. Lima
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; N.A.P.T.I.S.A.; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - G. D. Moreira
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; University of Brasília; Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - G. Z. Sakita
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; N.A.P.T.I.S.A.; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. S. Natel
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; N.A.P.T.I.S.A.; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - W. T. Mattos
- Centre for Research and Development of Animal Nutrition and Pastures; Institute of Animal Science; APTA; SAA-SP; Nova Odessa São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. M. A. Gimenes
- Centre for Research and Development of Animal Nutrition and Pastures; Institute of Animal Science; APTA; SAA-SP; Nova Odessa São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. Gerdes
- Centre for Research and Development of Animal Nutrition and Pastures; Institute of Animal Science; APTA; SAA-SP; Nova Odessa São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. McManus
- Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasília; Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - A. L. Abdalla
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; N.A.P.T.I.S.A.; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - H. Louvandini
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; N.A.P.T.I.S.A.; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
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169
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Ersahince A, Kara K. Nutrient composition and in vitro digestion parameters of Jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus L.) herbage at different maturity stages in horse and ruminant. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/76477/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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170
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Lyons T, Boland T, Storey S, Doyle E. Linseed Oil Supplementation of Lambs' Diet in Early Life Leads to Persistent Changes in Rumen Microbiome Structure. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1656. [PMID: 28912768 PMCID: PMC5583589 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet has been shown to have a significant impact on microbial community composition in the rumen and could potentially be used to manipulate rumen microbiome structure to achieve specific outcomes. There is some evidence that a window may exist in early life, while the microbiome is being established, where manipulation through diet could lead to long-lasting results. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation in early life will have an effect on rumen microbial composition that will persist even once supplementation is ceased. Twenty-seven new-born lambs were allocated to one of three dietary treatments; a control group receiving standard lamb meal, a group receiving lamb meal supplemented with 40 g kg-1 DM of linseed oil and a group receiving the supplement pre-weaning and standard lamb meal post-weaning. The supplement had no effect on average daily feed intake or average daily weight gain of lambs. Bacterial and archaeal community composition was significantly (p = 0.033 and 0.005, respectively) different in lambs fed linseed oil throughout the study compared to lambs on the control diet. Succinivibrionaceae, succinate producers, and Veillonellaceae, propionate producers, were in a higher relative abundance in the lambs fed linseed oil while Ruminococcaceae, a family linked with high CH4 emitters, were in a higher relative abundance in the control group. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter was reduced in the lambs receiving linseed compared to those that didn’t. In contrast, the relative abundance of Methanosphaera was significantly higher in the animals receiving the supplement compared to animals receiving no supplement (40.82 and 26.67%, respectively). Furthermore, lambs fed linseed oil only in the pre-weaning period had a bacterial community composition significantly (p = 0.015) different to that of the control group, though archaeal diversity and community structure did not differ. Again, Succinivibrionaceae and Veillonellaceae were in a higher relative abundance in the group fed linseed oil pre-weaning while Ruminococcaceae were in a higher relative abundance in the control group. This study shows that lambs fed the dietary supplement short-term had a rumen microbiome that remained altered even after supplementation had ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Lyons
- Environmental Microbiology Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College DublinBelfield, Ireland
| | - Tommy Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University College DublinBelfield, Ireland
| | - Sean Storey
- Environmental Microbiology Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College DublinBelfield, Ireland
| | - Evelyn Doyle
- Environmental Microbiology Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College DublinBelfield, Ireland
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171
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Bergmann GT. Microbial community composition along the digestive tract in forage- and grain-fed bison. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:253. [PMID: 28818110 PMCID: PMC5561592 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversity and composition of microbial communities was compared across the 13 major sections of the digestive tract (esophagus, reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum) in two captive populations of American bison (Bison bison), one of which was finished on forage, the other on grain. RESULTS Microbial diversity fell to its lowest levels in the small intestine, with Bacteroidetes reaching their lowest relative abundance in that region, while Firmicutes and Euryarchaeota attained their highest relative abundances there. Gammaproteobacteria were most abundant in the esophagus, small intestine, and colon. The forage-finished bison population exhibited higher overall levels of diversity, as well as a higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in most gut sections. The grain-finished bison population exhibited elevated levels of Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria. Within each population, different sections of the digestive tract exhibited divergent microbial community composition, although it was essentially the same among sections within a given region of the digestive tract. Shannon diversity was lowest in the midgut. For each section of the digestive tract, the two bison populations differed significantly in microbial community composition. CONCLUSIONS Similarities among sections indicate that the esophagus, reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum may all be considered to house the foregut microbiota; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum may all be considered to house the small intestine or midgut microbiota; and the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum may all be considered to house the hindgut microbiota. Acid from the stomach, bile from the gall bladder, digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and the relatively low retention time of the small intestine may have caused the midgut's low microbial diversity. Differences in microbial community composition between populations may have been most strongly influenced by differences in diet (forage or grain). The clinical condition of the animals used in the present study was not evaluated, so further research is needed to establish whether the microbial profiles of some bison in this study are indeed indicative of dysbiosis, a predisposing factor to ruminal acidosis and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaddy T Bergmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Ramaley N122, Campus Box 334, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0334, USA. .,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Box 216 UCB, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0216, USA.
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172
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Li Y, Jin W, Mu C, Cheng Y, Zhu W. Indigenously associated methanogens intensified the metabolism in hydrogenosomes of anaerobic fungi with xylose as substrate. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:933-940. [PMID: 28791723 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi are potent lignocellulose degraders, but have not yet been exploited in this capacity, largely owing to their poor metabolic characterization. In the current study, a time course of fermentation was conducted to study the effect of the co-cultured methanogens on xylose metabolism by anaerobic fungi. The fermentation end-products from anaerobic fungal monoculture were H2 (6.7 ml), CO2 (65.7 ml), formate (17.90 mM), acetate (9.00 mM), lactate (11.89 mM), ethanol, and malate after 96 h fermentation. Compared to the monoculture, the end-products of co-culture shifted to more CO2 (71.8 ml) and acetate (15.20 mM), methane (14.9 ml), less lactate (5.28 mM), and hardly detectable formate and H2 at the end of fermentation. After 48 h, accumulated formate was remarkably consumed by co-cultured methanogens, accompanied by significantly increased acetate, CO2 and pH, and decreased lactate and malate. Xylose utilization, in both cultures, was similar during fermentation. However, the relative flux of carbon in hydrogenosomes in the co-culture was higher than that in the monoculture. In conclusion, the co-culture with methanogens enhanced "energy yields" of anaerobic fungi by removing the accumulated formate, decreased the metabolism in cytosol, for example, the lactate pathway, and increased the metabolism in hydrogenosomes, for example, the acetate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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173
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Kamke J, Soni P, Li Y, Ganesh S, Kelly WJ, Leahy SC, Shi W, Froula J, Rubin EM, Attwood GT. Gene and transcript abundances of bacterial type III secretion systems from the rumen microbiome are correlated with methane yield in sheep. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:367. [PMID: 28789673 PMCID: PMC5549432 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ruminants are important contributors to global methane emissions via microbial fermentation in their reticulo-rumens. This study is part of a larger program, characterising the rumen microbiomes of sheep which vary naturally in methane yield (g CH4/kg DM/day) and aims to define differences in microbial communities, and in gene and transcript abundances that can explain the animal methane phenotype. Methods Rumen microbiome metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data were analysed by Gene Set Enrichment, sparse partial least squares regression and the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test to estimate correlations between specific KEGG bacterial pathways/genes and high methane yield in sheep. KEGG genes enriched in high methane yield sheep were reassembled from raw reads and existing contigs and analysed by MEGAN to predict their phylogenetic origin. Protein coding sequences from Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens strains were analysed using Effective DB to predict bacterial type III secreted proteins. The effect of S. dextrinosolvens strain H5 growth on methane formation by rumen methanogens was explored using co-cultures. Results Detailed analysis of the rumen microbiomes of high methane yield sheep shows that gene and transcript abundances of bacterial type III secretion system genes are positively correlated with methane yield in sheep. Most of the bacterial type III secretion system genes could not be assigned to a particular bacterial group, but several genes were affiliated with the genus Succinivibrio, and searches of bacterial genome sequences found that strains of S. dextrinosolvens were part of a small group of rumen bacteria that encode this type of secretion system. In co-culture experiments, S. dextrinosolvens strain H5 showed a growth-enhancing effect on a methanogen belonging to the order Methanomassiliicoccales, and inhibition of a representative of the Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii clade. Conclusions This is the first report of bacterial type III secretion system genes being associated with high methane emissions in ruminants, and identifies these secretions systems as potential new targets for methane mitigation research. The effects of S. dextrinosolvens on the growth of rumen methanogens in co-cultures indicate that bacteria-methanogen interactions are important modulators of methane production in ruminant animals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2671-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kamke
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Priya Soni
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yang Li
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Siva Ganesh
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - William J Kelly
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sinead C Leahy
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Weibing Shi
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA.,Genomic Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeff Froula
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA.,Genomic Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Edward M Rubin
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA.,Genomic Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Graeme T Attwood
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
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174
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Friedman N, Jami E, Mizrahi I. Compositional and functional dynamics of the bovine rumen methanogenic community across different developmental stages. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3365-3373. [PMID: 28654196 PMCID: PMC6488025 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea in the bovine rumen are responsible for the reduction of carbon molecules to methane, using various electron donors and driving the electron flow across the microbial food webs. Thus, methanogens play a key role in sustaining rumen metabolism and function. Research of rumen methanogenic archaea typically focuses on their composition and function in mature animals, while studies of early colonization and functional establishment remain scarce. Here, we investigated the metabolic potential and taxonomic composition of the methanogenic communities across different rumen developmental stages. We discovered that the methanogenesis process changes with age and that the early methanogenic community is characterized by a high activity of methylotrophic methanogenesis, likely performed by members of the order Methanosarcinales, exclusively found in young rumen. In contrast, higher hydrogenotrophic activity was observed in the mature rumen, where a higher proportion of exclusively hydrogenotrophic taxa are found. These findings suggest that environmental filtering acts on the archaeal communities and select for different methanogenic lineages during different growth stages, affecting the functionality of this ecosystem. This study provides a better understanding of the compositional and metabolic changes that occur in the rumen microbiome from its initial stages of colonization and throughout the animals' life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Friedman
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elie Jami
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Derech HaMaccabim 68, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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175
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Oh S, Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Effect of ginkgo extract supplementation onin vitrorumen fermentation and bacterial profiles under different dietary conditions. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1737-1743. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Oh
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Kita Sapporo Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Kita Sapporo Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Kita Sapporo Japan
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176
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Duarte AC, Holman DB, Alexander TW, Kiri K, Breves G, Chaves AV. Incubation Temperature, But Not Pequi Oil Supplementation, Affects Methane Production, and the Ruminal Microbiota in a Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) System. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1076. [PMID: 28701999 PMCID: PMC5487375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid supplementation is a promising strategy for methane mitigation in cattle and has been evaluated using several different lipid sources. However, limited studies have assessed the effect of temperature on methane emissions from cattle and changes in incubation temperature have also not been extensively evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of pequi oil (high in unsaturated fatty acids) and incubation temperature on fermentation characteristics and microbial communities using the rumen simulation technique. A completely randomized experiment was conducted over a 28-day period using a Rusitec system. The experiment was divided into four periods of 7 days each, the first of which was a 7-day adaptation period followed by three experimental periods. The two treatments consisted of a control diet (no pequi oil inclusion) and a diet supplemented with pequi oil (1.5 mL/day) which increased the dietary fat content to 6% (dry matter, DM-basis). Three fermenter vessels (i.e., replicates) were allocated to each treatment. In the first experimental period, the incubation temperature was maintained at 39°C, decreased to 35°C in the second experimental period and then increased again to 39°C in the third. Pequi oil was continuously supplemented during the experiment. Microbial communities were assessed using high-throughput sequencing of the archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Methane production was reduced by 57% following a 4°C decrease in incubation temperature. Supplementation with pequi oil increased the dietary fat content to 6% (DM-basis) but did not affect methane production. Analysis of the microbiota revealed that decreasing incubation temperature to 35°C affected the archaeal and bacterial diversity and richness of liquid-associated microbes, but lipid supplementation did not change microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Duarte
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, SydneyNSW, Australia
| | - Devin B Holman
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, LethbridgeAB, Canada
| | - Trevor W Alexander
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, LethbridgeAB, Canada
| | - Kerstin Kiri
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary MedicineHannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary MedicineHannover, Germany
| | - Alexandre V Chaves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, SydneyNSW, Australia
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177
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Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Soriano AP, Cho KK, Lee K, Bae GS, Lee SS. Increased propionate concentration in Lactobacillus mucosae-fermented wet brewers grains and during in vitro rumen fermentation. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:29-40. [PMID: 28425572 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to isolate and identify propionate-producing bacteria that can be used as an inoculum in improving wet brewers grains and rumen fermentation via increasing propionate concentration. METHODS AND RESULTS A strain of Lactobacillus that exhibits high levels of propionate production was identified and characterized as Lactobacillus mucosae 521129 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Wet brewers grains were fermented through L. mucosae inoculation and resulted in an increase in propionate concentration. Fermented wet brewers grains were used in in vitro rumen fermentation and revealed that L. mucosae-fermented wet brewers grains produced more gas and had higher accumulations propionate and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) than the control. The fewest methanogen DNA copies were detected in L. mucosae-fermented wet brewers grains. CONCLUSION Identified L. mucosae improved the fermentation of wet brewers grains and the in vitro rumen fermentation via increasing propionate and total VFA concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The presented research provided the identification of L. mucosae 521129 as a propionate producer and was metabolically profiled. Furthermore, data present the putative application of this organism in improving the fermentation of wet brewers grains and in vitro rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - A P Soriano
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea.,Small Ruminant Center, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - K K Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Korea
| | - K Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G S Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea
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179
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Panda SK, Ray RC, Mishra SS, Kayitesi E. Microbial processing of fruit and vegetable wastes into potential biocommodities: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:1-16. [PMID: 28462596 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1311295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The review focuses on some of the high value-end biocommodities, such as fermented beverages, single-cell proteins, single-cell oils, biocolors, flavors, fragrances, polysaccharides, biopesticides, plant growth regulators, bioethanol, biogas and biohydrogen, developed from the microbial processing of fruit and vegetable wastes. Microbial detoxification of fruit and vegetable processing effluents is briefly described. The advances in genetic engineering of microorganisms for enhanced yield of the above-mentioned biocommodities are elucidated with selected examples. The bottleneck in commercialization, integrated approach for improved production, techno-economical feasibility and real-life uses of some of these biocommodities, as well as research gaps and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Panda
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Ramesh C Ray
- b Microbiology Research Laboratory, ICAR- Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute , Bhubaneswar , India
| | - Swati S Mishra
- c Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources , Central University of Orissa , Koraput , India
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , South Africa
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180
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Liu C, Li XH, Chen YX, Cheng ZH, Duan QH, Meng QH, Tao XP, Shang B, Dong HM. Age-Related Response of Rumen Microbiota to Mineral Salt and Effects of Their Interactions on Enteric Methane Emissions in Cattle. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:590-601. [PMID: 27924402 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mineral salt bricks are often used in cow raising as compensation for mineral losses to improve milk yield, growth, and metabolic activity. Generally, effects of minerals are partially thought to result from improvement of microbial metabolism, but their influence on the rumen microbiota has rarely been documented to date. In this study, we investigated the response of microbiota to mineral salt in heifer and adult cows and evaluated ruminal fermentation and enteric methane emissions of cows fed mineral salts. Twelve lactating Holstein cows and twelve heifers fed a total mixed ration (TMR) diet were randomly allocated into two groups, respectively: a treatment group comprising half of the adults and heifers that were fed mineral salt and a control group containing the other half fed a diet with no mineral salt supplement. Enteric methane emissions were reduced by 9.6% (P < 0.05) in adults ingesting a mineral salt diet, while concentrations of ruminal ammonia, butyrate, and propionate were increased to a significant extent (P < 0.05). Enteric methane emissions were also reduced in heifers ingesting a mineral salt diet, but not to a significant extent (P > 0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were not significantly altered in heifers (P > 0.05). Based on these results, we performed high-throughput sequencing to explore the bacterial and archaeal communities of the rumen samples. Succiniclasticum and Prevotella, two propionate-producing bacteria, were predominant in samples of both adults and heifers. At the phylotype level, mineral salt intake led to a significant shift from Succiniclasticum to Prevotella and Prevotellaceae populations in adults. In contrast, reduced abundance of Succiniclasticum and Prevotella phylotypes was observed, with no marked shift in propionate-producing bacteria in heifers. Methanogenic archaea were not significantly abundant between groups, either in adult cows or heifers. The shift of Succiniclasticum to Prevotella and Prevotellaceae in adults suggests a response of microbiota to mineral salt that contributes to higher propionate production, which competes for hydrogen utilized by methanogens. Our data collectively indicate that a mineral salt diet can alter interactions of bacterial taxa that result in enteric methane reduction, and this effect is also influenced in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Southern St. No. 12, 100081, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - X H Li
- Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Y X Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Southern St. No. 12, 100081, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Z H Cheng
- Tianjin Agricultural Environmental Protection Management and Monitoring Station, Tianjin, 300061, China
| | - Q H Duan
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Q H Meng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Southern St. No. 12, 100081, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - X P Tao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Southern St. No. 12, 100081, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - B Shang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Southern St. No. 12, 100081, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - H M Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Southern St. No. 12, 100081, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Danielsson R, Dicksved J, Sun L, Gonda H, Müller B, Schnürer A, Bertilsson J. Methane Production in Dairy Cows Correlates with Rumen Methanogenic and Bacterial Community Structure. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:226. [PMID: 28261182 PMCID: PMC5313486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is produced as an end product from feed fermentation in the rumen. Yield of CH4 varies between individuals despite identical feeding conditions. To get a better understanding of factors behind the individual variation, 73 dairy cows given the same feed but differing in CH4 emissions were investigated with focus on fiber digestion, fermentation end products and bacterial and archaeal composition. In total 21 cows (12 Holstein, 9 Swedish Red) identified as persistent low, medium or high CH4 emitters over a 3 month period were furthermore chosen for analysis of microbial community structure in rumen fluid. This was assessed by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene and by quantitative qPCR of targeted Methanobrevibacter groups. The results showed a positive correlation between low CH4 emitters and higher abundance of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium clade. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level of bacteria showed two distinct clusters (P < 0.01) that were related to CH4 production. One cluster was associated with low CH4 production (referred to as cluster L) whereas the other cluster was associated with high CH4 production (cluster H) and the medium emitters occurred in both clusters. The differences between clusters were primarily linked to differential abundances of certain OTUs belonging to Prevotella. Moreover, several OTUs belonging to the family Succinivibrionaceae were dominant in samples belonging to cluster L. Fermentation pattern of volatile fatty acids showed that proportion of propionate was higher in cluster L, while proportion of butyrate was higher in cluster H. No difference was found in milk production or organic matter digestibility between cows. Cows in cluster L had lower CH4/kg energy corrected milk (ECM) compared to cows in cluster H, 8.3 compared to 9.7 g CH4/kg ECM, showing that low CH4 cows utilized the feed more efficient for milk production which might indicate a more efficient microbial population or host genetic differences that is reflected in bacterial and archaeal (or methanogens) populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Danielsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Horacio Gonda
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA Tandil, Argentina
| | - Bettina Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Bertilsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
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182
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GUPTA VP, KAMRA DN, AGARWAL N, CHAUDHARY LC. Effect of sulphate and blend of plant parts containing secondary metabolites on in vitro methanogenesis, digestibility and feed fermentation with buffalo rumen liquor. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i2.67745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A blend of plant parts containing fruit of Phyllanthus emblica (amla), seed of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and seed of Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) mixed in equal proportion (BP) was tested at 0, 10 and 20% of the substrate along with 0, 2.5 and 5% of sodium sulphate (S) for their effects on in vitro methane production and feed fermentation. Inclusion of combination of BP with S did not affect production of total gas, methane and feed digestibility. In vitro gas production was not influenced by any level of S, whereas, it increased linearly with increasing level of BP. Inhibition pattern of methane production (ml/g DM) was similar by inclusion of both S and BP and the inhibition was 21.3% by inclusion of BP20S5. In vitro true digestibility of feed was significantly increased by inclusion of both S and BP and was 10.9% higher with BP20S5 as compared to control (BP0S0). Total volatile fatty acids werenot affected by any of the treatments, whereas, acetate was increased and propionate and butyrate were significantly reduced resulting in increased acetate to propionate ratio. Ammonia production was not affected by inclusion of neither S nor BP. It may be summarized that the blend of amla, ajwain and fennel and sodium sulphate can be explored as feed additive to mitigate methane production with an additional benefit of improvement in feed digestibility.
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183
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Kara K, Özkaya S, Erbaş S, Baytok E. Effect of dietary formic acid on the in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of barley-based concentrated mix feed of beef cattle. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1284073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanber Kara
- The Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serkan Özkaya
- The Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sabri Erbaş
- The Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Erol Baytok
- The Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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184
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Jin D, Kang K, Wang H, Wang Z, Xue B, Wang L, Xu F, Peng Q. Effects of dietary supplementation of active dried yeast on fecal methanogenic archaea diversity in dairy cows. Anaerobe 2017; 44:78-86. [PMID: 28188879 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of different dosages of active dried yeast (ADY) on the fecal methanogenic archaea community of dairy cattle. Twelve multiparous, healthy, mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows (body weight: 584 ± 23.2 kg, milk produced: 26.3 ± 1.22 kg/d) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (control, ADY2, and ADY4) according to body weight with four replicates per treatment. Cows in the control group were fed conventional rations without ADY supplementation, while cows in the ADY2 and ADY4 group were fed rations supplemented with ADY at 2 or 4 g/d/head. Real-time PCR analysis showed the populations of total methanogens in the feces were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the ADY4 group compared with control. High-throughput sequencing technology was applied to examine the differences in methanogenic archaea diversity in the feces of the three treatment groups. A total of 155,609 sequences were recovered (a mean of 12,967 sequences per sample) from the twelve fecal samples, which consisted of a number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) ranging from 1451 to 1,733, were assigned to two phyla, four classes, five orders, five families and six genera. Bioinformatic analyses illustrated that the natural fecal archaeal community of the control group was predominated by Methanobrevibacter (86.9% of the total sequence reads) and Methanocorpusculum (10.4%), while the relative abundance of the remaining four genera were below 1% with Methanosphaera comprising 0.8%, Thermoplasma composing 0.4%, and the relative abundance of Candidatus Nitrososphaera and Halalkalicoccus being close to zero. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Methanocorpusculum and Thermoplasma were increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dosage of ADY. Conversely, the predominant methanogen genus Methanobrevibacter was decreased with ADY dosage (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of ADY had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the abundances of genera unclassified, Candidatus Nitrososphaera, and Halalkalicoccus. In conclusion, supplementation of ADY to the rations of dairy cattle could alter the population sizes and composition of fecal methanogenic archaea in the feces of dairy cattle. The decrease in Methanobrevibacter happened with a commensurate increase in the genera Methanocorpusculum and Thermoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxing Jin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safe Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, PR China
| | - Kun Kang
- Angel Yeast Co., Ltd, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, PR China
| | - Hongze Wang
- Angel Yeast Co., Ltd, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safe Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, PR China
| | - Bai Xue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safe Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, PR China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safe Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safe Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, PR China.
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185
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Abad P, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Gil L, García-Campaña AM. Use of Onion Extract as a Dairy Cattle Feed Supplement: Monitoring Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate as a Marker of Its Effect on Milk Attributes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:793-799. [PMID: 28040892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Onion extract is used as a feed supplement for the diet of dairy cows, acting as inhibitor of methane production; however, its properties could alter sensory attributes of milk. In this work, we propose a method to evaluate the influence of this extract on milk properties, using propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) as a marker. PTSO is extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure and monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The method was applied to milk samples obtained from 100 dairy cows fed during 2 months with enriched feed. In addition, a milk tasting panel was established to evaluate the PTSO residue that should not be exceeded to guarantee milk sensory attributes. It was established that a value of PTSO lower than 2 mg kg-1 does not alter milk organoleptic properties. This fact makes onion extract an interesting alternative as a feed supplement to control the methane emissions without any influence on milk attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Abad
- DMC Research Center S.L.U. , Camino de Jayena no. 82, E-18620 Alhendín, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada , Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Lidia Gil
- DMC Research Center S.L.U. , Camino de Jayena no. 82, E-18620 Alhendín, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada , Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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186
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Influence of Diet Composition on Cattle Rumen Methanogenesis: A Comparative Metagenomic Analysis in Indian and Exotic Cattle. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:226-234. [PMID: 28611501 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative metagenomics approach has been used in this study to discriminate colonization of methanogenic population in different breeds of cattle. We compared two Indian cattle breeds (Gir and Kankrej) and two exotic cattle (Holstein and Jersey) breeds. Using a defined dietary plan for selected Indian varieties, the diet dependent shifts in microbial community and abundance of the enzymes associated with methanogenesis were studied. This data has been compared with the available rumen metagenome data from Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle. The abundance of genes for methanogenesis in Holstein and Jersey cattle came from Methanobacteriales order whereas, majority of the enzymes for methanogenesis in Gir and Kankrej cattle came from Methanomicrobiales order. The study suggested that by using slow/less digestible feed, the propionate levels could be controlled in rumen; and in turn, this would also help in further reducing the hydrogenotrophic production of methane. The study proposes that with the designed diet plan the overall methanogenic microbial pool or the individual methanogens could be targeted for development of methane mitigation strategies.
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187
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Vanegas JL, González J, Carro MD. Influence of protein fermentation and carbohydrate source on in vitro
methane production. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 101:e288-e296. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Vanegas
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, E.T.S.I. Agraria, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J. González
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, E.T.S.I. Agraria, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - M. D. Carro
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, E.T.S.I. Agraria, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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188
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Mata e Silva BC, Lopes FCF, Pereira LGR, Tomich TR, Morenz MJF, Martins CE, Gomide CAM, Paciullo DSC, Maurício RM, Chaves AV. Effect of sunflower oil supplementation on methane emissions of dairy cows grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. marandu. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an16470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sunflower oil supplementation on methane (CH4) emission of crossbred Holstein × Gyr (Bos indicus) dairy cows grazing tropical pasture. Lactating dairy cows were fed Urochloa brizantha (syn Brachiaria brizantha) pasture managed under rotational grazing. Sunflower oil was supplemented to cows using concentrates with inclusion at 0% or 14.9% (DM basis). Crude fat concentrations in these concentrates were 2.4% and 13.8% respectively (DM basis). Dietary fat concentrations for control and supplemented sunflower oil treatments were 3.2% and 5.2% (DM basis) respectively. Sixteen lactating cows Holstein × Gyr (Bos indicus; 240 ± 10 days in milk, 524 ± 57 kg of bodyweight, 11.2 ± 2.30 kg/day of milk) were used in the study. Methane emissions were estimated by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. The experiment was a randomised-block design with two repetitions of pasture area, with two treatments (0 g or 383 g of sunflower oil supplementation, DM basis) and four replications (cows) per treatment per block. Methane emission and yield expressed as g CH4/day and g CH4/kg of DM intake decreased 21.5% (P = 0.048) and 20.2% (P = 0.032) respectively, in cows supplemented with sunflower oil compared with unsupplemented cows. There was no effect (P = 0.29) of sunflower oil supplementation on CH4 expressed as g CH4/kg of milk. Lactating dairy cows grazing tropical-grass pasture supplemented with sunflower oil (5.3% dietary fat; 383 g oil/day) demonstrated potential for mitigating CH4 emissions without negatively affecting cow milk yield or composition.
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189
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Li X, Liu C, Chen Y, Shi R, Cheng Z, Dong H. Effects of mineral salt supplement on enteric methane emissions, ruminal fermentation and methanogen community of lactating cows. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:1049-1057. [PMID: 27921362 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of mineral salt supplement on enteric methane emissions, ruminal fermentation and methanogen community of dairy cows over a whole lactation period. Ten Holstein cows fed a total mixed ration (TMR) diet were randomly allocated into two groups, one supplied with mineral salts as the treatment group and the other as the control group. The methane measurement showed that the ingestion of mineral salts lowered enteric methane emissions significantly (P < 0.05), with an average of 10.5% reduction over the whole lactation period. Ruminal fermentation analysis showed the mineral salt intake could significantly decrease the acetate : propionate ratio (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR assay showed that rumen methanogen abundance significantly reduced in the treatment group (P < 0.05) but was not significantly influenced by mineral salt intake over the whole lactation period. Intergroup methanogen community composition was influenced slightly by mineral salt intake; however, significantly different intragroup profiles were apparent throughout the whole lactation period, according to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. In conclusion, these results suggested that the effective mitigation of enteric methane emissions by mineral salt intake could be attributed to decreased density of methanogenic archaea and that fluctuations in methane emission over the lactation period might be related to Methanobrevibacter diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China.,Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongguang Shi
- Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhua Cheng
- Tianjin Agricultural Environmental Protection Management and Monitoring Station, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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190
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Bharathi M, Chellapandi P. Intergenomic evolution and metabolic cross-talk between rumen and thermophilic autotrophic methanogenic archaea. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 107:293-304. [PMID: 27864137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 (MRU) is a rumen methanogenic archaean that can be able to utilize formate and CO2/H2 as growth substrates. Extensive analysis on the evolutionary genomic contexts considered herein to unravel its intergenomic relationship and metabolic adjustment acquired from the genomic content of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH. We demonstrated its intergenomic distance, genome function, synteny homologs and gene families, origin of replication, and methanogenesis to reveal the evolutionary relationships between Methanobrevibacter and Methanothermobacter. Comparison of the phylogenetic and metabolic markers was suggested for its archaeal metabolic core lineage that might have evolved from Methanothermobacter. Orthologous genes involved in its hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis might be acquired from intergenomic ancestry of Methanothermobacter via Methanobacterium formicicum. Formate dehydrogenase (fdhAB) coding gene cluster and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (cooF) coding gene might have evolved from duplication events within Methanobrevibacter-Methanothermobacter lineage, and fdhCD gene cluster acquired from bacterial origins. Genome-wide metabolic survey found the existence of four novel pathways viz. l-tyrosine catabolism, mevalonate pathway II, acyl-carrier protein metabolism II and glutathione redox reactions II in MRU. Finding of these pathways suggested that MRU has shown a metabolic potential to tolerate molecular oxygen, antimicrobial metabolite biosynthesis and atypical lipid composition in cell wall, which was acquainted by metabolic cross-talk with mammalian bacterial origins. We conclude that coevolution of genomic contents between Methanobrevibacter and Methanothermobacter provides a clue to understand the metabolic adaptation of MRU in the rumen at different environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bharathi
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Chellapandi
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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191
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Kara K, Aktuğ E, Özkaya S. Ruminal digestibility, microbial count, volatile fatty acids and gas kinetics of alternative forage sources for arid and semi-arid areas asin vitro. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1249420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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192
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Kamke J, Kittelmann S, Soni P, Li Y, Tavendale M, Ganesh S, Janssen PH, Shi W, Froula J, Rubin EM, Attwood GT. Rumen metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses of low methane yield sheep reveals a Sharpea-enriched microbiome characterised by lactic acid formation and utilisation. MICROBIOME 2016; 4:56. [PMID: 27760570 PMCID: PMC5069950 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric fermentation by farmed ruminant animals is a major source of methane and constitutes the second largest anthropogenic contributor to global warming. Reducing methane emissions from ruminants is needed to ensure sustainable animal production in the future. Methane yield varies naturally in sheep and is a heritable trait that can be used to select animals that yield less methane per unit of feed eaten. We previously demonstrated elevated expression of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway genes of methanogenic archaea in the rumens of high methane yield (HMY) sheep compared to their low methane yield (LMY) counterparts. Methane production in the rumen is strongly connected to microbial hydrogen production through fermentation processes. In this study, we investigate the contribution that rumen bacteria make to methane yield phenotypes in sheep. RESULTS Using deep sequence metagenome and metatranscriptome datasets in combination with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from HMY and LMY sheep, we show enrichment of lactate-producing Sharpea spp. in LMY sheep bacterial communities. Increased gene and transcript abundances for sugar import and utilisation and production of lactate, propionate and butyrate were also observed in LMY animals. Sharpea azabuensis and Megasphaera spp. act as important drivers of lactate production and utilisation according to phylogenetic analysis and read mappings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that the rumen microbiome in LMY animals supports a rapid heterofermentative growth, leading to lactate production. We postulate that lactate is subsequently metabolised mainly to butyrate in LMY animals, producing 2 mol of hydrogen and 0.5 mol of methane per mol hexose, which represents 24 % less than the 0.66 mol of methane formed from the 2.66 mol of hydrogen produced if hexose fermentation was directly to acetate and butyrate. These findings are consistent with the theory that a smaller rumen size with a higher turnover rate, where rapid heterofermentative growth would be an advantage, results in lower hydrogen production and lower methane formation. Together with previous methanogen gene expression data, this builds a strong concept of how animal traits and microbial communities shape the methane phenotype in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kamke
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Kittelmann
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Priya Soni
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yang Li
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Michael Tavendale
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Siva Ganesh
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Peter H Janssen
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Weibing Shi
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
- Genomic Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeff Froula
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
- Genomic Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Edward M Rubin
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
- Genomic Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Graeme T Attwood
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
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193
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Hixson JL, Jacobs JL, Wilkes EN, Smith PA. Survey of the Variation in Grape Marc Condensed Tannin Composition and Concentration and Analysis of Key Compositional Factors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7076-7086. [PMID: 27615673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Grape marc contains a number of compounds with potential antimethanogenic activity in ruminants, including condensed tannins (CTs). Using direct phloroglucinolysis, a survey of CT chemistry across 66 grape marc samples showed diversity in concentration (6.9 to 138.8 g/kg of dry matter). Concentration was found to be independent of CT composition, although all compositional variables were significantly correlated (P < 0.0001). Twenty samples diverse in CT were selected from a cluster analysis and analyzed for compounds relevant to ruminant digestion and methanogenesis, including metabolizable energy (6.6-12.0 MJ/kg DM), crude protein (3.2-14.4% DM), neutral detergent fiber (18.4-61.4% DM), and ethanol soluble carbohydrates (2.0-40.6% DM). Fatty acid concentrations varied throughout the 20 samples (5.2-184.5 g/kg DM), although fatty acid profile showed two distinct groups. Grape marc varies widely in nutritional value, and in compounds that have been linked with changes in ruminant digestion and methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh L Hixson
- The Australian Wine Research Institute , P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, Australia
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources , 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - Eric N Wilkes
- The Australian Wine Research Institute , P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, Australia
| | - Paul A Smith
- The Australian Wine Research Institute , P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, Australia
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194
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Li Z, Henderson G, Yang Y, Li G. Diversity of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase genes in the rumens of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) fed different diets. Can J Microbiol 2016; 63:11-19. [PMID: 27819479 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reductive acetogenesis by homoacetogens represents an alternative pathway to methanogenesis to remove metabolic hydrogen during rumen fermentation. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of homoacetogen in the rumens of pasture-fed roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) fed either oak-leaf-based (tannin-rich, 100 mg/kg dried matter), corn-stover-based, or corn-silage-based diets, by using formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene sequences as a marker. The diversity and richness of FTHFS sequences was lowest in animals fed oak leaf, indicating that tannin-containing plants may affect rumen homoacetogen diversity. FTHFS amino acid sequences in the rumen of roe deer significantly differed from those of sika deer. The phylogenetic analyses showed that 44.8% of sequences in pasture-fed roe deer, and 72.1%, 81.1%, and 37.5% of sequences in sika deer fed oak-leaf-, corn-stover-, and corn-silage-based diets, respectively, may represent novel bacteria that have not yet been cultured. These results demonstrate that the rumens of roe deer and sika deer harbor potentially novel homoacetogens and that diet may influence homoacetogen community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- a Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Gemma Henderson
- b AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yahan Yang
- a Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- a Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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195
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Brown K, Scott-Hoy B, Jennings LW. Response of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients administered a combined quebracho/conker tree/ M. balsamea Willd extract. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7:463-468. [PMID: 27602249 PMCID: PMC4986399 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i3.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this case series was to retrospectively examine the symptom response of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) patients administered an herbal extract in a real-world setting. Twenty-four IBS-C patients in a community office practice were provided a combination over-the-counter dietary supplement composed of quebracho (150 mg), conker tree (470 mg) and M. balsamea Willd (0.2 mL) extracts (Atrantil™) and chose to take the formulation for a minimum of 2 wk in an attempt to manage their symptoms. Patient responses to the supplement were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) for abdominal pain, constipation and bloating at baseline and at 2 wk as part of standard-of-care. Patient scores from VAS assessments recorded in medical chart data were retrospectively compiled and assessed for the effects of the combined extract on symptoms. Sign tests were used to compare changes from baseline to 2 wk of taking the extract. Significance was defined as P < 0.05. Twenty-one of 24 patients (88%) responded to the dietary supplement as measured by individual improvements in VAS scores for abdominal pain, bloating and constipation symptoms comparing scores prior to administration of the extract against those reported after 2 wk. There were also significant improvements in individual as well as mean VAS scores after 2 wk of administration of the combined extract compared to baseline for abdominal pain [8.0 (6.5, 9.0) vs 2.0 (1.0, 3.0), P < 0.001], bloating [8.0 (7.0, 9.0) vs 1.0 (1.0, 2.0), P < 0.001] and constipation [6.0 (3.0, 8.0) vs 2.0 (1.0, 3.0), P < 0.001], respectively. In addition, 21 of 24 patients expressed improved quality of life while taking the formulation. There were no reported side effects to administration of the dietary supplement in this practice population suggesting excellent tolerance of the formulation. This pilot retrospective analysis of symptom scores from patients before and after consuming a quebracho/conker tree/M. balsamea Willd extract may support the formulation’s use in IBS-C.
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196
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Guyader J, Janzen HH, Kroebel R, Beauchemin KA. Forage use to improve environmental sustainability of ruminant production12. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:3147-3158. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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197
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Wu D, Xu L, Tang S, Guan L, He Z, Guan Y, Tan Z, Han X, Zhou C, Kang J, Wang M. Influence of Oleic Acid on Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Formation In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156835. [PMID: 27299526 PMCID: PMC4907511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of batch cultures were conducted to investigate the effects of oleic acid (OA) on in vitro ruminal dry matter degradability (IVDMD), gas production, methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) production, and proportion of fatty acids. Rumen fluid was collected from fistulated goats, diluted with incubation buffer, and then incubated with 500 mg Leymus chinensis meal supplemented with different amounts of OA (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg for the CON, OA20, OA40 and OA60 groups, respectively). Incubation was carried out anaerobically at 39°C for 48 h, and the samples were taken at 12, 24 and 48 h and subjected to laboratory analysis. Supplementation of OA decreased IVDMD, the cumulative gas production, theoretical maximum of gas production and CH4 production, but increased H2 production. However, no effect was observed on any parameters of rumen fermentation (pH, ammonia, production of acetate, propionate and butyrate and total volatile fatty acid production). The concentrations of some beneficial fatty acids, such as cis monounsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were higher (P < 0.05) from OA groups than those from the control group at 12 h incubation. In summary, these results suggest that the OA supplementation in diet can reduce methane production and increase the amount of some beneficial fatty acids in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanqin Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
- Institute of bast fiber crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultrial Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410205, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
| | - Leluo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhixiong He
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
| | - Yongjuan Guan
- UWA Institute of Agriculture M082, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
| | - Jinhe Kang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
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Belanche A, Kingston-Smith AH, Newbold CJ. An Integrated Multi-Omics Approach Reveals the Effects of Supplementing Grass or Grass Hay with Vitamin E on the Rumen Microbiome and Its Function. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:905. [PMID: 27375609 PMCID: PMC4901035 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen function is generally suboptimal leading to losses in methane and nitrogen. Analysis of the rumen microbiome is thus important to understanding the underlying microbial activity under different feeding strategies. This study investigated the effect of forage conservation method and vitamin E supplementation on rumen function using a rumen simulation technique. Ryegrass (GRA) or ryegrass hay (HAY) was supplemented with 20% concentrate containing zero or 50 IU/d vitamin E, as α-tocopheryl acetate, according to a 2 × 2 factorial design. The forage conservation method did not substantially change the nutrient composition but had a profound impact on the structure and diversity of the rumen microbiome. HAY diets promoted a more complex bacterial community (+38 OTUs) dominated by Firmicutes. This bacterial adaptation, together with increased rumen protozoa levels and methanogen diversity, was associated with greater fiber disappearance (+12%) in HAY diets, but also with greater rumen true N degradability (+7%) than GRA diets. HAY diets also had a higher metabolic H recovery and methane production (+35%) suggesting more efficient inter-species H transfer between bacteria, protozoa and methanogens. Contrarily, GRA diets promoted more simplified methanogen and bacterial communities, which were dominated by Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus, thus lactate formation may have acted as an alternative H sink in GRA diets. Moreover the structure of the bacterial community with GRA diets was highly correlated with N utilization, and GRA diets promoted greater bacterial growth and microbial protein synthesis (+16%), as well as a more efficient microbial protein synthesis (+22%). A dose-response experiment using batch cultures revealed that vitamin E supplementation increased rumen fermentation in terms of total VFA and gas production, with protozoal activity higher when supplying α-tocopheryl acetate vs. α-tocopherol. Moreover, α-tocopheryl acetate promoted a small increase in feed degradability (+8%), possibly as a result of its antioxidant properties which led to higher bacterial and protozoal levels. Vitamin E supplementation also modified the levels of some methanogen species indicating that they may be particularly sensitive to oxidative stresses. Our findings suggested that when possible, grass should be fed instead of grass hay, in order to improve rumen function and to decrease the environmental impact of livestock agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Belanche
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Alison H Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Charles J Newbold
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
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Dan Xue, Chen H, Chen F, He Y, Zhao C, Zhu D, Zeng L, Li W. Analysis of the rumen bacteria and methanogenic archaea of yak (Bos grunniens) steers grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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200
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Tsiplakou E, Abdullah MAM, Skliros D, Chatzikonstantinou M, Flemetakis E, Labrou N, Zervas G. The effect of dietaryChlorella vulgarissupplementation on micro-organism community, enzyme activities and fatty acid profile in the rumen liquid of goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:275-283. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Tsiplakou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - M. A. M. Abdullah
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - D. Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Department of Biotechnology; School of Food, Biotechnology and Development; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - M. Chatzikonstantinou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology; Department of Biotechnology; School of Food, Biotechnology and Development; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - E. Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Department of Biotechnology; School of Food, Biotechnology and Development; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - N. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology; Department of Biotechnology; School of Food, Biotechnology and Development; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - G. Zervas
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
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